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Burki S, Asghar MA, Ullah S, Ali I, Burki ZG, Ullah R. Green synthesis of pectin-functionalized silver nanocomposites using Carpesium nepalense and evaluation its bactericidal kinetics and hepatoprotective mechanisms. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134523. [PMID: 39111492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The present study reports the green synthesis of pectin-fabricated silver nanocomposites (Pectin-AgNPs) using Carpesium nepalense leaves extract, evaluating their bactericidal kinetics, in vivo hepatoprotective, and cytotoxic potentials along with possible mechanisms. GC/MS and LC/MS analyses revealed novel phytochemicals in the plant extract. The Pectin-AgNPs were characterized using UV/Vis, AFM, SEM, TEM, DLS, FTIR, and EDX techniques, showing a spherical morphology with a uniform size range of 50-110 nm. Significant antibacterial activity (P < 0.005) was found against four bacterial strains with ZIs of 4.1 ± 0.15 to 27.2 ± 3.84 mm. AFM studies revealed significant bacterial cell membrane damage post-treatment. At 0.05 mg/kg, the nanocomposites showed significant (P < 0.005) hepatoprotective activity in biochemical and histopathology analyses compared to the CCl4 control group. Pectin-AgNPs significantly reduced (P < 0.005) LDH, AST, ALT, ALP, and DB levels. qPCR analysis showed ameliorative effects on PPARs and Nrf2 gene expression, restoring gene alterations caused by CCl4 intoxication. In vivo acute toxicity studies confirmed low toxicity of Pectin-AgNPs in major organs. Pectin-AgNPs exhibited cytotoxic activity against HeLa cell lines at higher doses with an LC50 of 223.7 μg/mL. These findings demonstrate the potential of Pectin-AgNPs as promising antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and cytotoxic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiullah Burki
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif Asghar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Shafi Ullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Superior University, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Imdad Ali
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zeba Gul Burki
- Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Quan W, Xu CS, Ma C, Chen X, Yu DH, Li ZY, Wang DW, Tang F, Wan GP, Wan J, Wang ZF, Li ZQ. Anti-tumor effects of telmisartan in glioma-astrocyte non-contact co-cultures: A critical role of astrocytic IL-6-mediated paracrine growth promotion. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112707. [PMID: 39032472 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker, exhibits broad anti-tumor activity. However, in vitro, anti-proliferative effects are shown at doses far beyond the therapeutic plasma concentration. Considering the role of tumor microenvironment in glioma progression, glioma-astrocyte co-cultures were employed to test the anti-tumor potential of low-dose telmisartan. When a high dose was required for a direct anti-proliferative effect on glioma cell lines, a low dose significantly inhibited glioma cell proliferation and migration in the co-culture system. Under co-culture conditions, upregulated IL-6 expression in astrocytes played a critical role in glioma progression. Silencing IL-6 in astrocytes or IL-6R in glioma cells reduced proliferation and migration. Telmisartan (5 μM) inhibited astrocytic IL-6 expression, and its anti-tumor effects were reversed by silencing IL-6 or IL-6R and inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity in glioma cells. Moreover, the telmisartan-driven IL-6 downregulation was not imitated by losartan, an AT1R blocker with little capacity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) activation, but was eliminated by a PPARγ antagonist, indicating that the anti-glioma effects of telmisartan rely on its PPARγ agonistic activity rather than AT1R blockade. This study highlights the importance of astrocytic IL-6-mediated paracrine signaling in glioma growth and the potential of telmisartan as an adjuvant therapy for patients with glioma, especially those with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Quan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng-Shi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong-Hu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan-Wen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gui-Ping Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ze-Fen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Research and Clinical Techniques for Brain Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment, Hubei, China.
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Hou J, Wang X, Zhang J, Shen Z, Li X, Yang Y. Chuanxiong Renshen Decoction Inhibits Alzheimer's Disease Neuroinflammation by Regulating PPARγ/NF-κB Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:3209-3232. [PMID: 39071817 PMCID: PMC11283787 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s462266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Previous studies of our research group have shown that Chuanxiong Renshen Decoction (CRD) has the effect of treating AD, but the exact mechanism of its effect is still not clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of CRD on AD neuroinflammation. Materials and Methods Morris Water Maze (MWM) tests were employed to assess the memory and learning capacity of AD mice. HE and Nissl staining were used to observe the neural cells of mice. The expression of Iba-1 and CD86 were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Utilize UHPLC-MS/MS metabolomics techniques and the KEGG to analyze the metabolic pathways of CRD against AD. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced BV2 microglia cells to construct a neuroinflammatory model. The expression of Iba-1 and CD86 were detected by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The contents of TNF-α and IL-1β were detected by ELISA. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of PPARγ, p-NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65 proteins and inflammatory cytokines iNOS and COX-2 in PPARγ/NF-κB pathway with and without PPARγ inhibitor GW9662. Results CRD ameliorated the learning and memory ability of 3×Tg-AD mice, repaired the damaged nerve cells in the hippocampus, reduced the area of Iba-1 and CD86 positive areas in both the hippocampus and cortex regions, as well as attenuated serum levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in mice. CRD-containing serum significantly decreased the expression level of Iba-1, significantly reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, significantly increased the protein expression of PPARγ, and significantly decreased the proteins expression of iNOS, COX-2 and p-NF-κB p65 in BV2 microglia cells. After addition of PPARγ inhibitor GW9662, the inhibitory effect of CRD-containing serum on NF-κB activation was significantly weakened. Conclusion CRD can activate PPARγ, regulating PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway, inhibiting microglia over-activation and reducing AD neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuojun Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanxiao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Liao CS, He FZ, Li XY, Zhang Y, Han PF. Analysis of common differential gene expression in synovial cells of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303506. [PMID: 38771826 PMCID: PMC11108184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate potential molecular mechanisms differentiating osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) through a bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in patient synovial cells, aiming to provide new insights for clinical treatment strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gene expression datasets GSE1919, GSE82107, and GSE77298 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to serve as the training groups, with GSE55235 being used as the validation dataset. The OA and RA data from the GSE1919 dataset were merged with the standardized data from GSE82107 and GSE77298, followed by batch effect removal to obtain the merged datasets of differential expressed genes (DEGs) for OA and RA. Intersection analysis was conducted on the DEGs between the two conditions to identify commonly upregulated and downregulated DEGs. Enrichment analysis was then performed on these common co-expressed DEGs, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to identify hub genes. These hub genes were further analyzed using the GENEMANIA online platform and subjected to enrichment analysis. Subsequent validation analysis was conducted using the GSE55235 dataset. RESULTS The analysis of differentially expressed genes in the synovial cells from patients with Osteoarthritis (OA) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), compared to a control group (individuals without OA or RA), revealed significant changes in gene expression patterns. Specifically, the genes APOD, FASN, and SCD were observed to have lower expression levels in the synovial cells of both OA and RA patients, indicating downregulation within the pathological context of these diseases. In contrast, the SDC1 gene was found to be upregulated, displaying higher expression levels in the synovial cells of OA and RA patients compared to normal controls.Additionally, a noteworthy observation was the downregulation of the transcription factor PPARG in the synovial cells of patients with OA and RA. The decrease in expression levels of PPARG further validates the alteration in lipid metabolism and inflammatory processes associated with the pathogenesis of OA and RA. These findings underscore the significance of these genes and the transcription factor not only as biomarkers for differential diagnosis between OA and RA but also as potential targets for therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating their expression to counteract disease progression. CONCLUSION The outcomes of this investigation reveal the existence of potentially shared molecular mechanisms within Osteoarthritis (OA) and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). The identification of APOD, FASN, SDC1, TNFSF11 as key target genes, along with their downstream transcription factor PPARG, highlights common potential factors implicated in both diseases. A deeper examination and exploration of these findings could pave the way for new candidate targets and directions in therapeutic research aimed at treating both OA and RA. This study underscores the significance of leveraging bioinformatics approaches to unravel complex disease mechanisms, offering a promising avenue for the development of more effective and targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-sheng Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, P.R. China
- Department of Graduate School, Graduate Student Department of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, P.R. China
| | - Fang-zheng He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, P.R. China
- Department of Graduate School, Graduate Student Department of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, P.R. China
| | - Xi-yong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, P.R. China
- Department of Graduate School, Graduate Student Department of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, P.R. China
- Department of Graduate School, Graduate Student Department of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, P.R. China
| | - Peng-fei Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, P.R. China
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Li X, Hou Q, Yuan W, Zhan X, Yuan H. Inhibition of miR-96-5p alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ/nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:916. [PMID: 38041147 PMCID: PMC10691123 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04412-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the main pathogenesis of low back pain. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to exert regulatory function in IDD. This study aimed to investigate the effect and potential mechanism of miR-96-5p in IDD. METHODS In vitro cell model of IDD was established by treating human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs) with interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) was examined in the IDD cell model by Western blot and quantification real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression level of miR-96-5p was detected by RT-qPCR. Effects of PPARγ or/and PPARγ agonist on inflammatory factors, extracellular matrix (ECM), apoptosis, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) nuclear translocation were examined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, flow cytometry assay, and immunofluorescence staining. The Starbase database and dual luciferase reporter assay were used to predict and validate the targeting relationship between miR-96-5p and PPARγ, and rescue assay was performed to gain insight into the role of miR-96-5p on IDD through PPARγ/NF-κB signaling. RESULTS PPARγ expression reduced with concentration and time under IL-1β stimulation, while miR-96-5p expression showed the reverse trend (P < 0.05). Upregulation or/and activation of PPARγ inhibited IL-1β-induced the increase in inflammatory factor levels, apoptosis, degradation of the ECM, and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (P < 0.05). MiR-96-5p was highly expressed but PPARγ was lowly expressed in IDD, while knockdown of PPARγ partially reversed remission of IDD induced by miR-96-5p downregulation (P < 0.05). MiR-96-5p promoted NF-κB entry into the nucleus but PPARγ inhibited this process. CONCLUSION Inhibition of miR-96-5p suppressed IDD progression by regulating the PPARγ/NF-κB pathway. MiR-96-5p may be a promising target for IDD treatment clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, Sungai Buloh, 47000, Malaysia
| | - Qian Hou
- Department of Spine Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Wenqi Yuan
- Department of Spine Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Xuehua Zhan
- Department of Spine Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Haifeng Yuan
- Department of Spine Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, No. 804 Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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Li J, Zhang T, Liu K, Hu G. Protective effects and mechanisms of Yi Qi Huo Xue Fang in cerebral ischemic stroke based on network pharmacology and experimental verification. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116611. [PMID: 37169318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Yi Qi Huo Xue Fang (YQHXF) is an effective formula for treating cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS). However, its active ingredients and mechanism of action remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to reveal the mechanism of action of YQHXF in the treatment of ischemic stroke based on network pharmacology and experimental validation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study identified the chemical components in YQHXF and the components absorbed by rat serum based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technology and used network pharmacology to predict key candidate targets. A protein-protein-interaction (P-P-I) network was constructed using String 11.0 database and Cytoscape, and R software for gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Finally, molecular docking combined with animal experiments was used to verify network pharmacology results. RESULTS This study identified and confirmed 36 chemical components of YQHXF and five chemical ingredients that were absorbed into the blood of rats and screened 66 key candidate targets. All targets in the P-P-I network were mainly related to inflammation and vascular processes. KEGG enrichment results revealed that these 66 key candidate targets were primarily involved in the "AGE-RAGE signaling pathway," "TNF-α signaling pathway, and "T cell receptor signaling pathway." Molecular docking results revealed that Prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase 2(PTGS-2), Nitric oxide synthase, endothelial (NOS3), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) were more stably bound to their active ingredients. Animal experiments demonstrated that YQHXF promoted M2 polarization, inhibited M1 polarization in microglia, and promoted angiogenesis, which may be related to the PPARG pathway. CONCLUSION This study revealed the key active components and effective targets of YQHXF, identified the mechanism of action of YQHXF, laid the foundation for further research on YQHXF, and provided ideas for developing new drugs for CIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410021, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410021, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
| | - Kan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410021, China.
| | - Guoheng Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410021, China; Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China.
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Gano A, Deak T, Pautassi RM. A review on the reciprocal interactions between neuroinflammatory processes and substance use and misuse, with a focus on alcohol misuse. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2023; 49:269-282. [PMID: 37148274 PMCID: PMC10524510 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2023.2201944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: The last decade has witnessed a surge of findings implicating neuroinflammatory processes as pivotal players in substance use disorders. The directionality of effects began with the expectation that the neuroinflammation associated with prolonged substance misuse contributes to long-term neuropathological consequences. As the literature grew, however, it became evident that the interactions between neuroinflammatory processes and alcohol and drug intake were reciprocal and part of a pernicious cycle in which disease-relevant signaling pathways contributed to an escalation of drug intake, provoking further inflammation-signaling and thereby exacerbating the neuropathological effects of drug misuse.Objectives: The goal of this review and its associated special issue is to provide an overview of the emergent findings relevant to understanding these reciprocal interactions. The review highlights the importance of preclinical and clinical studies in testing and validation of immunotherapeutics as viable targets for curtailing substance use and misuse, with a focus on alcohol misuse.Methods: A narrative review of the literature on drug and neuroinflammation was conducted, as well as articles published in this Special Issue on Alcohol- and Drug-induced Neuroinflammation: Insights from Pre-clinical Models and Clinical Research.Results: We argue that (a) demographic variables and genetic background contribute unique sensitivity to drug-related neuroinflammation; (b) co-morbidities between substance use disorders and affect dysfunction may share common inflammation-related signatures that predict the efficacy of immunotherapeutic drugs; and (c) examination of polydrug interactions with neuroinflammation is a critical area where greater research emphasis is needed.Conclusions: This review provides an accessible and example-driven review of the relationship between drug misuse, neuroinflammatory processes, and their resultant neuropathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Gano
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States of America
| | - Terrence Deak
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC – CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, 5000, Argentina
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Wang S, Cai Y, Bu R, Wang Y, Lin Q, Chen Y, Wu C. PPARγ Regulates Macrophage Polarization by Inhibiting the JAK/STAT Pathway and Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury In Vivo. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023:10.1007/s12013-023-01137-0. [PMID: 37129843 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of PPARγ and underlying mechanisms in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). IRI was surgically induced in mice and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCM) were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R). Quantitative genetic analysis and western blotting were performed to assess mRNA and protein levels, respectively, of PPARγ, as well as of different inflammatory, fibrosis, and apoptosis markers in cells and tissues. PPARγ was overexpressed in the heart of mice and NRCMs by viral transfection. Apoptosis and fibrosis were detected by TUNEL and Masson's trichrome staining, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect M1 and M2 macrophage-related inflammatory factors present in mouse sera. PPARγ overexpression significantly inhibited OGD/R- and IRI-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, PPARγ overexpression inhibited IRI-induced secretion of M1-related proinflammatory factors, whereas it supported the secretion of M2-related anti-inflammatory factors. Notably, these events were found to be mediated by the JAK/STAT pathway. In conclusion, PPARγ regulates macrophage polarization upon IRI via the JAK/STAT pathway, which will in turn prevent myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis. Hence, PPARγ may represent a valuable target for myocardial IRI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yinlian Cai
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Rongsheng Bu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yaoguo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Qingfan Lin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Youfang Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Chunchun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou City, 362000, Fujian, China.
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Li J, Li T, Li Z, Song Z, Gong X. Potential therapeutic effects of Chinese meteria medica in mitigating drug-induced acute kidney injury. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1153297. [PMID: 37077810 PMCID: PMC10106589 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1153297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced acute kidney injury (DI-AKI) is one of the leading causes of kidney injury, is associated with high mortality and morbidity, and limits the clinical use of certain therapeutic or diagnostic agents, such as antineoplastic drugs, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and contrast media. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that many Chinese meteria medica, metabolites derived from botanical drugs, and Chinese medicinal formulas confer protective effects against DI-AKI by targeting a variety of cellular or molecular mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, inflammatory, cell necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy. This review summarizes the research status of common DI-AKI with Chinese meteria medica interventions, including cisplatin, gentamicin, contrast agents, methotrexate, and acetaminophen. At the same time, this review introduces the metabolites with application prospects represented by ginseng saponins, tetramethylpyrazine, panax notoginseng saponins, and curcumin. Overall, this review provides a reference for the development of promising nephroprotectants.
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Li XF, Yin SQ, Li H, Yang YL, Chen X, Song B, Wu S, Wu YY, Wang H, Li J. PPAR-γ alleviates the inflammatory response in TNF-α-induced fibroblast-like synoviocytes by binding to p53 in rheumatoid arthritis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:454-464. [PMID: 35918412 PMCID: PMC9889328 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00957-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by synovial inflammation, synoviocyte expansion and damage to cartilage and bone. We recently reported that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ inhibited the proliferation and activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), and was downregulated in RA synovial. In this study we investigated the role of PPAR-γ in RA and the underlying mechanisms. Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) was induced in rats; from D15, AIA rats were orally administered pioglitazone (30 mg·kg-1·d-1) or rosiglitazone (4 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 14 days. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in wild-type and Ppar-γ+/- mice. We showed that the expression of PPAR-γ was significantly reduced, whereas that of TNF-α was markedly increased in human RA FLS. In CIA mice, knockdown of PPAR-γ expression (Ppar-γ+/-) aggravated the ankle inflammation. Similarly, T0070907 (a PPAR-γ antagonist) or si-PPAR-γ promoted the activation and inflammation of TNF-α-induced FLS in vitro. On the contrary, administration of PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone or rosiglitazone, or injection of ad-Ppar-γ into the ankle of AIA rat in vivo induced overexpression of PPAR-γ, reduced the paw swelling and inflammation, and downregulated activation and inflammation of FLS in RA. Interesting, injection of ad-Ppar-γ into the ankle also reversed the ankle inflammation in Ppar-γ+/- CIA mice. We conducted RNA-sequencing and KEGG pathway analysis, and revealed that PPAR-γ overexpression was closely related to p53 signaling pathway in TNF-α-induced FLS. Co-IP study confirmed that p53 protein was bound to PPAR-γ in RA FLS. Taken together, PPAR-γ alleviates the inflammatory response of TNF-α-induced FLS by binding p53 in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Disease Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shu-Qin Yin
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Disease Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
- Pharmacy Department, Chizhou People's Hospital, Chizhou, 247000, China
| | - Hao Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Disease Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Ying-Li Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Disease Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Disease Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Biao Song
- Pharmacy Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Sha Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Disease Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Disease Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Disease Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230032, China.
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11
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Wei JY, Hu MY, Chen XQ, Lei FY, Wei JS, Chen J, Qin XK, Qin YH. Rosiglitazone attenuates hypoxia-induced renal cell apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway in a PPARγ-dependent manner. Ren Fail 2022; 44:2056-2065. [DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2148539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Miao-Yue Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Feng-Ying Lei
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jin-Shuang Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xuan-Kai Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuan-Han Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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12
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Protective effects of fraxin on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by mediating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress through PPAR-γ/NF-κB pathway. Brain Res Bull 2022; 187:49-62. [PMID: 35772607 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Fraxin, one of the primary active ingredients of Cortex Fraxini, may have potent anti-inflammatory activity. This study intended to investigate the function and mechanism of fraxin in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. METHODS A middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model was engineered. Both in-vivo and in-vitro models were dealt with Fraxin. The profiles of inflammation-concerned cytokines, proteins and oxidative stress factors were determined by RT-PCR, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and neuronal apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured. The neurological functions of rats were evaluated by Morris water maze and modified neurological severity scores (mNSS). RESULTS The data revealed that fraxin abated the OGD/R-mediated release of inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators, enhanced "M2″-like BV2 microglia polarization, and mitigated HT22 cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, fraxin boosted PPAR-γ expression, activated the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and suppressed NF-κB, IKK-β,p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and Keap1 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, attenuating PPAR-γ through pharmacological treatment with GW9662 (a PPAR-γ antagonist) mainly weakened the neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory functions of fraxin. CONCLUSION Fraxin could considerably ameliorate cerebral I/R damage by repressing oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and cell apoptosis through abrogating the PPARγ/ NF-κB pathway.
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Li W, Huang R, Gong X, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Zhou Q, Jiang X, Tie H, Wan J, Wang B. Allicin attenuated hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice by regulating PPARγ-IRAK-M-TLR4 signal pathway. Food Funct 2022; 13:7361-7376. [PMID: 35730673 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00751g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury to the liver is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality following liver surgery, trauma, and hemorrhagic shock. It was reported that allicin, a type of garlic compound, had a protective effect against other hepatic diseases. Allicin's ability to protect against liver injury caused by ischemic reperfusion remains unknown. As a result, we conducted this study to determine allicin's effects and mechanism of action in hepatic I/R injury. Method: The liver I/R injury model was established by clamping the blood supply to the left and middle liver lobes. Three days prior to the hepatic I/R injury, different concentrations of allicin were gavaged. Then, hepatic function, histological changes, apoptosis markers, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines were measured, and the molecular mechanisms were evaluated using western blot. Another separation experiment used IRAK-M knockout mice and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) inhibitor to deduce the molecular mechanisms. Results: Pretreatment with allicin prior to hepatic I/R injury reduced liver damage by inhibiting aminotransferase activity and alleviating liver injury. It significantly decreased cell apoptosis, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production, and hepatic oxidative stress. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that GW9662 (inhibitor of PPARγ) abrogated allicin's positive effect by inhibiting PPARγ expression while suppressing IRAK-M expression. Thus, the depletion of IRAK-M cannot influence the expression of PPARγ. The down-regulation of PPARγ-IRAK-M disabled the protection of allicin in I/R injury. Conclusion: Allicin protects against hepatic I/R injury via dose-dependent regulation of the PPARγ-IRAK-M-TLR4 signaling pathway, and it may be a potential drug in future clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xia Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zizuo Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Lidan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Army Medical Center of PLA, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xujie Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hongtao Tie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jingyuan Wan
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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14
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Li J, Gong X. Tetramethylpyrazine: An Active Ingredient of Chinese Herbal Medicine With Therapeutic Potential in Acute Kidney Injury and Renal Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:820071. [PMID: 35145414 PMCID: PMC8821904 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.820071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As an increasing public health concern worldwide, acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by rapid deterioration of kidney function. Although continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) could be used to treat severe AKI, effective drug treatment methods for AKI are largely lacking. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is an active ingredient of Chinese herb Ligusticum wallichii (Chuan Xiong) with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. In recent years, more and more clinical and experimental studies suggest that TMP might effectively prevent AKI. The present article reviews the potential mechanisms of TMP against AKI. Through search and review, a total of 23 studies were finally included. Our results indicate that the undergoing mechanisms of TMP preventing AKI are mainly related to reducing oxidative stress injury, inhibiting inflammation, preventing apoptosis of intrinsic renal cells, and regulating autophagy. Meanwhile, given that AKI and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are very tightly linked by each other, and AKI is also an important inducement of CKD, we thus summarized the potential of TMP impeding the progression of CKD through anti-renal fibrosis.
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15
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Scutellariae Radix and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Mixture Regulate PPAR γ/RXR Signaling in Reflux Esophagitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6969241. [PMID: 35027935 PMCID: PMC8752236 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6969241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a gastrointestinal disorder in which stomach contents reflux into the esophagus, causing complications such as mucosal damage. GERD is a very common disease and is on the rise worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a Scutellariae Radix and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium mixture (SC) on esophageal mucosal injury in rats with chronic acid reflux esophagitis (CARE). Methods After inducing reflux esophagitis through surgery, the group was separated and the drug was administered for 2 weeks: normal rats (Normal, n = 8), CARE-induced rats were treated with distilled water (Control, n = 8), CARE-induced rats were treated with vitamin E 30 mg/kg body weight (VitE, n = 8), CARE-induced rats were treated with SC 100 mg/kg body weight (SC100, n = 8), and CARE-induced rats were treated with SC 200 mg/kg body weight (SC200, n = 8). Results SC treatment significantly reduced the degree of esophageal mucosal damage, significantly reduced levels of MDA and MPO, and inhibited the activation of the NF-κB inflammatory pathway by activating the PPARγ/RXR pathway. In addition, SC treatment significantly regulated the expression of arachidonic acid-related proteins (COX-1, COX-2, and PGE2) and modulated the MMP/TIMP proteins in reflux esophagitis. Conclusion Consequently, SC improved the damage to the esophageal mucosa. Also, the anti-inflammatory effects of the SC suggested the inhibition of NF-κB pathway through the activation of the PPARγ/RXR pathway, thereby reducing the expression of inflammation-related cytokines.
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16
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Lin Y, Yang P. Phillygenin inhibits the inflammation and apoptosis of pulmonary epithelial cells by activating PPARγ signaling via downregulation of MMP8. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:775. [PMID: 34490481 PMCID: PMC8441984 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is often responsible for the high morbidity of critically ill patients. The present study aimed to investigate whether phillygenin (PHI) can inhibit inflammation and apoptosis of pulmonary epithelial cells by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling. The in vitro model of ALI was established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and PHI was used to treat the LPS-induced cells. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay and the concentration levels of the inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were conducted to measure the expression levels of the inflammation- and apoptosis-associated proteins. The MMP8-overexpression plasmid was transfected into LPS-induced cells, which were treated with PHI treatment and the expression levels of PPARγ were detected via western blotting. PHI treatment suppressed the induction of inflammation and apoptosis of LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells. Furthermore, the expression levels of MMP8 in BEAS-2B cells induced by LPS were decreased following PHI treatment. Following transfection of the MMP8 overexpression plasmid into the LPS-induced BEAS-2B cells and subsequent treatment of these cells with PHI, the expression levels of PPARγ were decreased. In conclusion, it was shown that PHI inhibited the inflammation and apoptosis of pulmonary epithelial cells by activating PPARγ signaling via downregulating MMP8. These data may provide valuable information for future studies exploring the therapeutic effects of PHI for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Gaolangang Hospital of Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519050, P.R. China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of PICU, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, P.R. China
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17
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Tian M, Li K, Liu R, Du J, Zou D, Ma Y. Angelica polysaccharide attenuates LPS-induced inflammation response of primary dairy cow claw dermal cells via NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:248. [PMID: 34281532 PMCID: PMC8287747 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02952-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Laminitis, an inflammation of the claw laminae, is one of the major causes of bovine lameness, which can lead to enormous economic losses and animal welfare problems in dairy farms. Angelica polysaccharide (AP) is proved to possess anti-inflammatory properties. But the role of AP on inflammatory response of the claw dermal cells has not been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of AP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced primary claw dermal cells of dairy cow and clarify the potential mechanisms. In the current research, the primary claw dermal cells were exposed to gradient concentrations of AP (10, 50, 100 µg/mL) in the presence of 10 µg/mL LPS. The levels of cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) were detected with ELISA and Griess colorimetric method. The mRNA expressions of TLR4, MyD88 and chemokines were measured with qPCR. The activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways was detected with western blotting. Results The results indicated that AP reduced the production of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NO), downregulated the mRNA expression of TLR4, MyD88 and some pro-inflammatory chemokines (CCL2, CCL20, CXCL2, CXCL8, CXCL10), and suppressed the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways evidenced by inhibition of the phosphorylation of IκBα, p65 and ERK, JNK, p38. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that AP may exert its anti-inflammatory effects on claw dermal cells of dairy cow by regulating the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-02952-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyue Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, Hebei, 071001, Baoding, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, Hebei, 071001, Baoding, China
| | - Ruonan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, Hebei, 071001, Baoding, China
| | - Jinliang Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, Hebei, 071001, Baoding, China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Fish Immunopharmacology, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 214081, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongmin Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, 030801, Taigu, China
| | - Yuzhong Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, 2596 Lekai South Street, Hebei, 071001, Baoding, China.
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Garg S, Khan SI, Malhotra RK, Sharma MK, Kumar M, Kaur P, Nag TC, Ray R, Bhatia J, Arya DS. Cardioprotective effects of azilsartan compared with that of telmisartan on an in vivo model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22785. [PMID: 33860986 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Azilsartan is found to be more potent than other angiotensin receptor blockers in reducing blood pressure. However, its effect on the heart following myocardial infarction remains to be established. For the first time, we investigated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonistic and cardioprotective properties of azilsartan. Computational modeling studies of interactions between azilsartan and PPAR-γ revealed azilsartan as an agonist of PPAR-γ and showed the mechanism of azilsartan in cardioprotection. Our study compared the cardioprotective potential of telmisartan to that of azilsartan in a murine model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by comparing their antioxidant, ant apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-modulating ability, and PPAR-γ agonistic activity. Male Wistar rats were grouped into four to receive vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide [0.05%] 2 ml/kg) telmisartan (10 mg/kg p.o.), azilsartan (10 mg/kg p.o.) or azilsartan with specific PPAR-γ blocker, GW 9662 for 28 days. Ischemia was induced for 45 min on the 29th day followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Telmisartan and azilsartan pretreatment significantly nearly normalized cardiac parameters and preserved structural changes. Both drugs inhibited oxidative burst, inflammation, as well as cell death by modulating apoptotic protein expression along with reduction in 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole/terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling-positive cells. An increment in pro-survival kinase ERK paralleled with a reduction in p38 and JNK was also revealed by MAPK pathway studies, after administration of these drugs. Interestingly, the aforementioned changes induced by both drugs were reversed by administration of the specific PPAR-γ antagonist, GW9662. However, we found that azilsartan upregulated PPAR-γ to a lesser extent as compared to telmisartan and the latter may be preferred in hypertensive patients at risk of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanky Garg
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sana Irfan Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar Malhotra
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar Sharma
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Biosphysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Punit Kaur
- Department of Biosphysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tapas Chandra Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ruma Ray
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jagriti Bhatia
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Dharamvir Singh Arya
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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