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Zhang SS, He Y, Wei MX. Novel coumarin-piperazine-2(5H)-furanone hybrids as potential anti-lung cancer agents: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106105. [PMID: 38969273 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Novel coumarin-piperazine-2(5H)-furanone hybrids 5a-l were efficiently synthesized by introducing a furanone scaffold into coumarin using piperazine as a linker. The cytotoxicity of all hybrids 5a-l were evaluated by MTT assay on human lung cancer A549 cells and normal human lung fibroblast WI-38 cells with cytarabine (CAR) as a positive control. Hybrid 5l (IC50 = 11.28 μM) was the most toxic to A549 cells, 18-fold more toxic than the reference CAR (IC50 = 202.57 μM). Moreover, hybrid 5l (IC50 = 411.93 μM) was less toxic to WI-38 cells, with a much higher selectivity (5l, SI ≈ 37, WI-38/A549) than CAR (SI ≈ 2). Structure-activity relationship analysis showed that both the cytotoxicity against A549 cells and selectivity (WI-38/A549) were greatly improved when the bornyl group was incorporated in the hybrids (5c, 5f, 5i and 5l). Further, hybrid 5l was more toxic and selective against four types of human lung cancer cells (A549, Calu-1, PC-9 and H460; IC50 = 5.72-45.46 μM; SI ≈ 9-72) than three other types of human cancer cells (SK-BR-3, 786-O and SK-OV-3, IC50 = 39.07-130.82 μM; SI ≈ 0-2), showing remarkable specificity. In particular, hybrid 5l (IC50 = 5.72 μM) showed the highest cytotoxicity against H460 cells with the highest selectivity of up to 72 (WI-38/H460). Flow cytometric analysis showed that hybrid 5l induced apoptosis in H460 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Molecular docking studies revealed a high binding affinity of hybrid 5l with CDK2 protein. Hybrid 5l is expected to be a leading candidate for anti-lung cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Si Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Research Center for Natural Medicine Engineering and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Research Center for Natural Medicine Engineering and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Meng-Xue Wei
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering, Ningxia Research Center for Natural Medicine Engineering and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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Nerella SG, Alvala R, Kalle AM, Alvala M. Design and synthesis of novel coumarin-benzimidazole hybrids as human galectin-1 inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:843-857. [PMID: 38606540 PMCID: PMC11188815 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop novel non-carbohydrate inhibitors of human galectin-1 (GAL-1), we have designed a series of coumarin-benzimidazole hybrids. Methods: We synthesized and characterized the coumarin-benzimidazole hybrids and further evaluated them using an in vitro GAL-1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and in silico methods. Results: Among all, the compounds 6p and 6q were found to be potent, with GAL-1 inhibition of 37.61 and 36.92%, respectively, at 10 μM in GAL-1-expressed cell culture supernatant of MCF-7 cells. These two compounds are feasible for fluorine-18 radiolabeling to develop GAL-1 selective PET radiotracers. Computational studies revealed strong binding interactions of GAL-1 with these novel coumarin-benzimidazole hybrids. Conclusion: Coumarin-benzimidazole hybrids can serve as potential leads to develop selective non-carbohydrate GAL-1 inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar G Nerella
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Ravi Alvala
- G. Pulla reddy College of Pharmacy (GPRCP), Hyderabad, 500028, India
| | - Arunasree M Kalle
- School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad (UOH), Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Mallika Alvala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
- MARS training Academy, Hyderabad
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Nerella SG, Singh P, Thacker PS, Arifuddin M, Supuran CT. PET radiotracers and fluorescent probes for imaging human carbonic anhydrase IX and XII in hypoxic tumors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106399. [PMID: 36731297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorescent imaging play a pivotal role in medical diagnosis, biomedical oncologic research, and drug development process, which include identification of target location, target engagement, but also prove on mechanism of action or pharmacokinetics of new drug candidates. PET estimates physiological changes at the molecular level using specific radiotracers containing a short-lived positron emitting radionuclide such as fluorine-18 or carbon-11, whereas fluorescent imaging techniques use fluorescent probes labeled with suitable drug candidates for detection at the molecular level. The human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) isoforms IX and XII are overexpressed in hypoxic cancer cells, promoting tumor growth by regulating extra/intracellular pH, ferroptosis, and metabolism, being recognized as promising targets for anticancer theranostic agents. In this review, we have focused on PET radiotracers as well as fluorescent probes for diagnosis and treatment of tumors expressing hCA IX and hCA XII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Goud Nerella
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India.
| | - Priti Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Pavitra S Thacker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Mohammed Arifuddin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India; Department of Chemistry, Directorate of Distance Education, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Neurofarba Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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Flores-Morales V, Villasana-Ruíz AP, Garza-Veloz I, González-Delgado S, Martinez-Fierro ML. Therapeutic Effects of Coumarins with Different Substitution Patterns. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052413. [PMID: 36903660 PMCID: PMC10005689 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of derivatives of natural and synthetic origin has gained attention because of their therapeutic effects against human diseases. Coumarins are one of the most common organic molecules and are used in medicine for their pharmacological and biological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antihypertensive, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective, among others. In addition, coumarin derivates can modulate signaling pathways that impact several cell processes. The objective of this review is to provide a narrative overview of the use of coumarin-derived compounds as potential therapeutic agents, as it has been shown that substituents on the basic core of coumarin have therapeutic effects against several human diseases and types of cancer, including breast, lung, colorectal, liver, and kidney cancer. In published studies, molecular docking has represented a powerful tool to evaluate and explain how these compounds selectively bind to proteins involved in various cellular processes, leading to specific interactions with a beneficial impact on human health. We also included studies that evaluated molecular interactions to identify potential biological targets with beneficial effects against human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Flores-Morales
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Bio-chemoinformatics Laboratory (LSAyB), Ingeniería Química (UACQ), Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara Km.6. Ejido la Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
- Correspondence: (V.F.-M.); (M.L.M.-F.)
| | - Ana P. Villasana-Ruíz
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Bio-chemoinformatics Laboratory (LSAyB), Ingeniería Química (UACQ), Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara Km.6. Ejido la Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara Km.6. Ejido La Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
| | - Idalia Garza-Veloz
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara Km.6. Ejido La Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
| | - Samantha González-Delgado
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara Km.6. Ejido La Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
| | - Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Academic Unit of Human Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara Km.6. Ejido La Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico
- Correspondence: (V.F.-M.); (M.L.M.-F.)
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Wang H, Jin J, Pang X, Bian Z, Zhu J, Hao Y, Zhang H, Xie Y. Plantaricin BM-1 decreases viability of SW480 human colorectal cancer cells by inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1103600. [PMID: 36687624 PMCID: PMC9845772 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plantaricin BM-1 is a class IIa bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus plantarum BM-1 that has significant antimicrobial activity against food-borne bacteria. In this study, a cell proliferation assay and scanning electron microscopy were used to detect changes in the viability of SW480, Caco-2, and HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells treated with plantaricin BM-1. We found that plantaricin BM-1 significantly reduced the viability of all colorectal cancer cell lines tested, especially that of the SW480 cells. Scanning electron microscopy showed that plantaricin BM-1 treatment reduced the number of microvilli and slightly collapsed the morphology of SW480 cells. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry demonstrated that plantaricin BM-1 induced apoptosis of SW480 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blotting further showed that plantaricin BM-1-induced apoptosis of SW480 cells was mediated by the caspase pathway. Finally, transcriptomic analysis showed that 69 genes were differentially expressed after plantaricin BM-1 treatment (p < 0.05), of which 65 were downregulated and four were upregulated. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis showed that expression levels of genes involved in the TNF, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways, as well as functional categories such as microRNAs in cancer and transcriptional misregulation in cancer, were affected in SW480 cells following the treatment with plantaricin BM-1. In conclusion, plantaricin BM-1 induced death in SW480 cells via the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway. Our study provides important information for further development of plantaricin BM-1 for potential applications in anti-colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Junhua Jin
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Pang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Bian
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Jingxin Zhu
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Hao
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Ministry of Education and Beijing Government, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxing Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Hongxing Zhang,
| | - Yuanhong Xie
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Detection and Control of Spoilage Organisms and Pesticide Residue, College of Food Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China,Yuanhong Xie,
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Słowiński D, Świerczyńska M, Romański J, Podsiadły R. HPLC Study of Product Formed in the Reaction of NBD-Derived Fluorescent Probe with Hydrogen Sulfide, Cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, and Glutathione. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238305. [PMID: 36500398 PMCID: PMC9736530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and its bioderivatives analogs, such as L-cysteine (L-Cys) and glutathione (GSH), are ubiquitous biological thiols in the physiological and pathological processes of living systems. Their aberrant concentration levels are associated with many diseases. Although several NBD-based fluorescence probes have been developed to detect biological thiols, the HPLC-detection of H2S, GSH, L-Cys, and N-acetylcysteine-specific products has not been described. Herein, a novel NBD-derived pro-coumarin probe has been synthesized and used to develop a new strategy for the triple mode detection of H2S and such thiols as GSH, L-Cys, and NAC. Hydrogen sulfide and those biothiols at physiological pH release fluorescent coumarin from the probe and cause a significant fluorescence enhancement at 473 nm. The appropriate NBD-derived product for H2S, L-Cys, GSH, and NAC has a different color and retention time that allows distinguishing these biological thiols meaning the probe has a great possibility in the biological application. Fluorescent imaging combined with colorimetric and HPLC detection of H2S/biothiol-specific product(s) brings a potential tool for confirming the presence of biological thiols and determining concentrations in various aqueous biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Słowiński
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Świerczyńska
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Romański
- Department of Organic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403 Lodz, Poland
| | - Radosław Podsiadły
- Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Nerella SG, Singh P, Tulja S. Carbon-11 patents (2012-2022): synthetic methodologies and novel radiotracers for PET imaging. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:817-831. [PMID: 35451896 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2070003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbon-11 is a short-lived radionuclide with versatile applications in synthetic methodologies to develop a variety of novel PET radiotracers. Different primary and secondary carbon-11 precursors are generated from cyclotron produced [11C]CO2 and used to insert carbon-11 radionuclide into the target specific bioactive molecules. AREAS COVERED In this review, the patents as well as specific research articles on carbon-11 radiotracer synthesis and PET imaging applications in various diseases are mentioned since 2012 to 2022 through SciFinder database. EXPERT OPINION Carbon-11 is generally easier to insert into more organic scaffolds as a greater variety of functional groups. Despite the short half-life of carbon-11 radionuclide (t1/2 = 20.4 min), it is widely used in PET radiotracer development due to its direct insertion into bioactive compounds and less isotopic dilution unlike other positron emitters like fluorine-18. Various synthons can be easily generated using the primary and secondary carbon-11 precursors like [11C]CO2, [11C]CH4, 11CH3I, 11CO, 11COCl2, 11CN, 11CS2, and 11CH3OTf etc. that would be useful to develop any PET radiotracers by adapting various organic methods. The carbon-11 radiotracers provide target-oriented information associated with the pharmacology, and physiological conditions of the disease status. Various protocols and automated methods were adapted for easy and convenient synthesis of carbon-11 radiotracers. The PET advances drug development and clinical trials by revealing biological target engagement, proof of mechanism, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profiles of new drug candidates using selective radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Goud Nerella
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru-560 029, India.,Current address; Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda-20892, USA
| | - Priti Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500 037, India
| | - Sanam Tulja
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore-560 065, India
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Nerella SG, Singh P, Sanam T, Digwal CS. PET Molecular Imaging in Drug Development: The Imaging and Chemistry Perspective. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:812270. [PMID: 35295604 PMCID: PMC8919964 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.812270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography with selective radioligands advances the drug discovery and development process by revealing information about target engagement, proof of mechanism, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an essential and highly significant tool to study therapeutic drug development, dose regimen, and the drug plasma concentrations of new drug candidates. Selective radioligands bring up target-specific information in several disease states including cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological conditions by quantifying various rates of biological processes with PET, which are associated with its physiological changes in living subjects, thus it reveals disease progression and also advances the clinical investigation. This study explores the major roles, applications, and advances of PET molecular imaging in drug discovery and development process with a wide range of radiochemistry as well as clinical outcomes of positron-emitting carbon-11 and fluorine-18 radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Goud Nerella
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Priti Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Tulja Sanam
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Chander Singh Digwal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
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Nerella SG, Bhattacharya A, Thacker PS, Tulja S. Synthetic methodologies and PET imaging applications of fluorine-18 radiotracers: a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:455-473. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2032649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Goud Nerella
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru–560 029, India
| | - Ahana Bhattacharya
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru–560 029, India
| | - Pavitra S Thacker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad–500 037, India
| | - Sanam Tulja
- Department of Microbiology and Applied Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore-560 065, India
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Toan VN, Thanh ND. Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of hybrid thiosemicarbazone derivatives bearing coumarin and d-galactose moieties with EGFR inhibitory activity and molecular docking study. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02773-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Núñez-Franco R, Peccati F, Jiménez-Osés G. A Computational Perspective on Molecular Recognition by Galectins. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1219-1231. [PMID: 34348610 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210804093058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This article presents an overview of recent computational studies dedicated to the analysis of binding between galectins and small-molecule ligands. We first present a summary of the most popular simulation techniques adopted for calculating binding poses and binding energies, and then discuss relevant examples reported in the literature for the three main classes of galectins (dimeric, tandem and chimera). We show that simulation of galectin-ligand interactions is a mature field which has proven invaluable for completing and unraveling experimental observations. Future perspectives to further improve the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of existing computational approaches will involve the development of new schemes to account for solvation and entropy effects, which represent the main current limitations to the accuracy of computational results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyes Núñez-Franco
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio. Spain
| | - Francesca Peccati
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio. Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160 Derio. Spain
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Non-carbohydrate strategies to inhibit lectin proteins with special emphasis on galectins. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 222:113561. [PMID: 34146913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lectins are a family of glycan-binding proteins, many of which have been established as key targets for therapeutic intervention. They play a central role in many physiological and cellular processes. With the advances in protein crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and computational power over the past couple of decades, the carbohydrate-receptor interactions are now well understood and characterized. Nevertheless, designing efficient carbohydrate inhibitors is a laborious endeavour. They are known to have weak affinities, unsuitable pharmacokinetic properties and highly cumbersome/complex synthetic routes. To circumvent these issues many non-carbohydrate strategies have been reported. Galectins are a sub-family of lectin proteins which have been recognized as crucial targets for a wide variety of diseases. Many candidates targeting galectins are currently in advanced stages of clinical trials. There have been a few reports of non-carbohydrate inhibitors targeting galectins which comprise of peptide-based inhibitors and a recent flourish of heterocyclic inhibitors. In this review, we have briefly highlighted the strategies like fragment-based drug-design and high-throughput screens utilized to identify non-carbohydrate based antagonists for proteins wherein the presence of a sugar was believed to be essential. Additionally, we have described the literature pertaining to non-carbohydrate inhibitors of galectins and how previous reports on rational substitution of a sugar motif could aid in design of heterocyclics that inhibit lectins/galectins. We have concluded with remarks on challenges, gap in our understanding and future perspectives concerned with rational design of non-carbohydrate molecules targeting lectins/galectins.
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Sethi A, Sanam S, Alvala R, Alvala M. An updated patent review of galectin-1 and galectin-3 inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications (2016-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:709-721. [PMID: 33749494 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1903430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Galectins are ubiquitous in nature. They have established themselves as a protein family of high therapeutic potential and play a role in a wide variety of diseases like cancer, fibrosis, and Alzheimer's. Within the galectin family, galectin- 1 and galectin- 3 have been widely studied and their roles and functions have now been well established. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the important advancements in the development of galectin-1 & 3 inhibitors. All patents filed detailing the divergent strategies to inhibit galectin-1 & 3 from 2016 to present have been covered and discussed. EXPERT OPINION Over the past couple of decades, distinct galectin inhibitors have been synthesized, reported and studied. Among all, the mono and disaccharide-based antagonists have been found to be considerably successful. However, the cumbersome synthetic route followed to develop this class of inhibitors, in addition to complexity involved in making selective modifications within these molecules has posed a significant challenge. Recently, there have been numerous reports on heterocyclic-based galectin inhibitors. If these are established as potent galectin inhibitors, their ease of synthesis and tunability could overcome the potential drawbacks of carbohydrate-based inhibitors and could thus be exploited to develop efficient and highly specific galectin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaftaab Sethi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Swetha Sanam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India
| | - Ravi Alvala
- G Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy, Mehdipatnam, Hyderabad, India
| | - Mallika Alvala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Balanagar, India.,Assistant Professor, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Hyderabad, India
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Chandra KM, Goud NS, Arifuddin M, Alvala M, Alvala R, Angeli A, Supuran CT. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4,7-disubstituted coumarins as selective tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase IX and XII inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 39:127877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sethi A, Sasikala K, Jakkula P, Gadde D, Sanam S, Qureshi IA, Talla V, Alvala M. Design, synthesis and computational studies involving Indole-Coumarin hybrids as galectin-1 inhibitors. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01534-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Goud NS, Bhattacharya A, Joshi RK, Nagaraj C, Bharath RD, Kumar P. Carbon-11: Radiochemistry and Target-Based PET Molecular Imaging Applications in Oncology, Cardiology, and Neurology. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1223-1259. [PMID: 33499603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The positron emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging technique has gained its universal value as a remarkable tool for medical diagnosis and biomedical research. Carbon-11 is one of the promising radiotracers that can report target-specific information related to its pharmacology and physiology to understand the disease status. Currently, many of the available carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min) PET radiotracers are heterocyclic derivatives that have been synthesized using carbon-11 inserted different functional groups obtained from primary and secondary carbon-11 precursors. A spectrum of carbon-11 PET radiotracers has been developed against many of the upregulated and emerging targets for the diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, and therapy in the fields of oncology, cardiology, and neurology. This review focuses on the carbon-11 radiochemistry and various target-specific PET molecular imaging agents used in tumor, heart, brain, and neuroinflammatory disease imaging along with its associated pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerella Sridhar Goud
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Ahana Bhattacharya
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Raman Kumar Joshi
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Chandana Nagaraj
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NIIR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India
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Al-Warhi T, Sabt A, Elkaeed EB, Eldehna WM. Recent advancements of coumarin-based anticancer agents: An up-to-date review. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Thacker PS, Sridhar Goud N, Argulwar OS, Soman J, Angeli A, Alvala M, Arifuddin M, Supuran CT. Synthesis and biological evaluation of some coumarin hybrids as selective carbonic anhydrase IX and XII inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104272. [PMID: 32961467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Two series, coumarin-linked to thiazolidinone via a pyrazole linker (6a-m, Series 1) and coumarin-linked 1,2,3-triazoles (5a-j, Series 2) were synthesized and the synthesized compounds were subjected for evaluation against the four physiologically and pharmacologically relevant hCA isoforms, hCA I, II, IX and XII. The results indicated selective inhibition of tumor-associated isoforms hCA IX and XII over the off-target isoforms, hCA I and II. The compounds of series 1 exhibited better hCA IX inhibition compared to hCA XII, with compounds 6i, 6h, 6a and 6k, exhibiting notable Ki values of less than 100 nM. Among all the compounds, compound 6i showed the best inhibition with a Ki value of 61.5 nM. Among the compounds of series 2, compounds 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5f and 5j exhibited notable hCA IX inhibition. Compound 5d showed the best inhibition with a Ki value of 32.7 nM. In the case of hCA XII, compound 5i showed the best inhibition with a Ki value of 84.2 nM. Hence, compound 6i from Series 1 and 5d from Series 2 could be taken as lead compounds for the further development of selective and potent hCA IX inhibitors, whereas the compound 5i from Series 2 can be explored further for the design of selective and potent hCA XII inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavitra S Thacker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Nerella Sridhar Goud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Omkar S Argulwar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Jyothsna Soman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Neurofarba Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Mallika Alvala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Mohammed Arifuddin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India; Department of Chemistry, Anwarul Uloom College, 11-3-918, New Malleypally, Hyderabad 500001, T. S., India.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Neurofarba Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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Sridhar Goud N, Pooladanda V, Muni Chandra K, Lakshmi Soukya PS, Alvala R, Kumar P, Nagaraj C, Dawn Bharath R, Qureshi IA, Godugu C, Alvala M. Novel benzimidazole-triazole hybrids as apoptosis inducing agents in lung cancer: Design, synthesis, 18F-radiolabeling & galectin-1 inhibition studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104125. [PMID: 32738568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have synthesized a new series of benzimidazole-triazole hybrids as galectin-1 (gal-1) mediated apoptosis-inducing agents, and evaluated for their potential anticancer activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines viz. breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) lung cancer (A-549 and NCI-H460), and human keratinocyte cancer (HaCaT), using MTT assay. The target compound 7c exhibited an excellent growth inhibition against lung cancer (A-549 and NCI-H460) cells with an IC50 value of 0.63 ± 0.21 µM, and 0.99 ± 0.01 µM respectively. The target compound 7c also showed a significant growth inhibition against breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-23) with an IC50 value of 1.3 ± 0.18 µM, and 0.94 ± 0.02 µM respectively. In addition, the radiochemical synthesis has been performed using fluorine-18 radionuclide in the GE Tracer-lab FX2N module to prove the target compound 7c as a PET imaging agent. In the final stage, the 18F-7c target compound was successfully purified with 60% ethanol in water. The radiochemical purity was achieved >95% using HPLC, and the residual solvent DMF limit was around 78 ± 3 ppm confirmed by GC analysis. Further, the apoptosis induction by 7c in lung cancer (A-549) cells was confirmed as a result of the decrease in MMP levels, increased percentage of apoptotic cells, and sub G1 phase arrest by JC-1 staining, DAPI staining, annexin V-FITC/PI, and flow cytometric analysis. In addition, the target compound 7c significantly reduced the gal-1 protein levels in a dose-dependent manner as confirmed by ELISA studies. The protein binding studies like Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and Fluorescence Spectroscopy (FS) studies indicated that the target compound 7c is capable of binding to gal-1 with an equilibrium constant (KD) value of 1.19E-06 M, and binding constant (Ka) of 9.5 × 103 M-1 respectively. The in-silico computational studies also revealed possible interactions and pharmacokinetic properties (ADMET) of compound 7c with the binding domain of gal-1. Therefore, the novel benzimidazole-triazole hybrids as apoptosis-inducing agents in lung cancer would be potential cytotoxic and PET imaging agents via gal-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerella Sridhar Goud
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 03 7, India; Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560 029, India
| | - Venkatesh Pooladanda
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - K Muni Chandra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 03 7, India
| | - P S Lakshmi Soukya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 03 7, India
| | - Ravi Alvala
- G. Pulla Reddy College of Pharmacy (GPRCP), Hyderabad 500 028, India
| | - Pardeep Kumar
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560 029, India
| | - Chandana Nagaraj
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560 029, India
| | - Rose Dawn Bharath
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560 029, India
| | - Insaf A Qureshi
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad (UOH), Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Mallika Alvala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 03 7, India.
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