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Maji S, Debnath B, Panda S, Manna T, Maity A, Dayaramani R, Nath R, Khan SA, Akhtar MJ. Anticancer Potential of the S-Heterocyclic Ring Containing Drugs and its Bioactivation to Reactive Metabolites. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400473. [PMID: 38723201 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing heterocyclic derivatives have been disclosed for binding with a wide range of cancer-specific protein targets. Various interesting derivatives of sulfur-containing heterocyclics such as benzothiazole, thiazole, thiophene, thiazolidinedione, benzothiophene, and phenothiazine, etc have been shown to inhibit diverse signaling pathways implicated in cancer. Significant progress has also been made in molecular targeted therapy against specific enzymes such as kinase receptors due to potential binding interactions inside the ATP pocket. Sulfur-containing heterocyclic ring metal complexes i. e., benzothiazole, thiazole, thiophene, benzothiophene and phenothiazines are among the most promising active anticancer compounds. However, sulfur heteroaromatic rings, particularly thiophene, are of high structural alert due to their metabolism to reactive metabolites. The mere presence of a structural alert itself does not determine compound toxicity therefore, this review focuses on some specific findings that shed light on factors influencing the toxicity. In the current review, synthetic strategies of introducing the sulfur core ring in the synthesized derivatives are discussed with their structure-activity relationships to enhance our understanding of toxicity mechanisms and develop safer therapeutic options. The sulfur-containing marketed anticancer drugs included in this review direct the synthesis of novel compounds and will help in the development of potent, safer sulfur-based anticancer drugs in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Maji
- Department of Pharmacy, Bharat Technology, Uluberia-711316, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Biplab Debnath
- Department of Pharmacy, Bharat Technology, Uluberia-711316, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Shambo Panda
- Department of Pharmacy, Bharat Technology, Uluberia-711316, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanusree Manna
- Department of Pharmacy, Bharat Technology, Uluberia-711316, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Arindam Maity
- JIS University, Agarpara Campus, Kolkata-81, Nilgunj Road, Agarpara, Kolkata-700109, India
| | - Richa Dayaramani
- Silver Oak Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Silver Oak University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rajarshi Nath
- Department of Pharmacy, Bharat Technology, Uluberia-711316, Howrah, West Bengal, India
- JIS University, Agarpara Campus, Kolkata-81, Nilgunj Road, Agarpara, Kolkata-700109, India
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology, PO 620, PC 130, Azaiba, Bousher, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Md Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology, PO 620, PC 130, Azaiba, Bousher, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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2
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Bondock S, Alabbad N, Hossan A, Abdou MM, Shati AA, Alfaifi MY, Elbehairi SEI, Mohamed NM. Design, synthesis, and anticancer evaluation of novel coumarin/thiazole congeners as potential CDK2 inhibitors with molecular dynamics. RSC Adv 2024; 14:18838-18855. [PMID: 38873551 PMCID: PMC11167341 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02456g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
A series of novel coumarin-thiazoles was designed and synthesized as a possible CDK2 inhibitor with anticancer activity with low toxicity. The design relied on having hydrazine thiazole or its open-form thioamide to form H-bonds with the ATP binding site while coumarin maintained the crucial hydrophobic interactions for proper fitting. The biological evaluation revealed that the hydroxycoumarin-thiazole derivative 6c demonstrated the best inhibition with HepG2 and HCT116 IC50 2.6 and 3.5 μM, respectively. Similarly, its open thioamide chain congener 5c exhibited potent inhibition on MCF-7 and HepG2 with IC50 of 4.5 and 5.4 μM, respectively. Molecular docking simulations supported the assumption of inhibiting CDK2 by preserving the crucial interaction pattern with the hinge ATP site and the surrounding hydrophobic (HPO) side chains. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations of 5c and 6c established satisfactory stability and affinity within the CDK2 active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Bondock
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University 9004 Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Alabbad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University 9004 Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Hossan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University 9004 Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Moaz M Abdou
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute Nasr City 11727 Cairo Egypt
| | - Ali A Shati
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University 9004 Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y Alfaifi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University 9004 Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Serag E I Elbehairi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University 9004 Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada M Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, MTI Cairo Egypt
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3
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Chedupaka R, Audipudi AV, Sangolkar AA, Mamidala S, Venkatesham P, Penta S, Vedula RR. Design, synthesis, molecular docking, and dynamic studies of novel thiazole derivatives incorporating benzimidazole moiety and assessment as antibacterial agents. Mol Divers 2024; 28:1565-1576. [PMID: 37490125 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
A general and sustainable approach for the synthesis of benzimidazole-thiazole compounds via an efficient, one-pot, domino, pseudo-four-component reaction using 5-amino-2-mercaptobenzimidazole, aralkyl halides, ammonium thiocyanate, and substituted α-bromo-acetophenones in glacial acetic acid at ambient temperature to give final compounds (4a-p) in good yields in shorter time. The spectral data of synthesized compounds were evaluated by analytical and spectral techniques (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and ESI-HRMS). Further, some of the synthesized compounds were screened for their in-vitro antibacterial activity studies using the agar well diffusion method against Gram-positive Streptococcus pneumoniae (2451) bacteria and Gram-negative Proteous mirabilis (2081) bacteria. Based on the MIC results, it was observed that the most active compounds 4b, 4e, 4f, and 4k show promising antibacterial activity with the zone of inhibition values of 2.85 cm 2.75 cm, 3.6 cm, and 3.3 cm against both Gram-negative and positive bacteria cell lines, respectively. Further, we have also insight into the molecular simulation studies, based on the binding results, compound 4i showed stable binding interactions with streptomycin drug with the active site of the gyrase protein (PDB ID: 1KIJ). The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of all the title scaffolds were also established. The antibacterial activity, molecular docking studies, and molecular dynamic simulations of the title compounds suggested that these are promising antibacterial active skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Chedupaka
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Amrutha V Audipudi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, A.P., 522510, India
| | | | - Srikanth Mamidala
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Papisetti Venkatesham
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Santhosh Penta
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Rajeswar Rao Vedula
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India.
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4
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Ragheb MA, Mohamed FG, Diab HM, Ragab MS, Emara M, Elwahy AHM, Abdelhamid IA, Soliman MH. Novel Bis(2-cyanoacrylamide) Linked to Sulphamethoxazole: Synthesis, DNA Interaction, Anticancer, ADMET, Molecular Docking, and DFT Studies. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301341. [PMID: 38314957 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In the light of advancement and potential extensive use of medication design and therapy, new bis(cyanoacrylamides) incorporating sulphamethoxazole derivatives (7 a-7 f) were synthesized and confirmed by different spectral tools. In vitro anticancer activity towards different human cancer cells (HCT116, MDA-MB-231 and A549) was assessed using MTT assay. Among all derivatives, 4C- and 6C-spacer derivatives (7 e and 7 f) had the most potent growth inhibitory activities against HCT116 cells with IC50 values of 39.7 and 28.5 μM, respectively. 7 e and 7 f induced apoptosis and suppressed migration of HCT116 cells. These compounds also induced a significant increase in caspase-3 and CDH1 activities, and a downregulation of Bcl2 using ELISA. pBR322 DNA cleavage activities of cyanoacrylamides were determined using agarose gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, 7 e and 7 f showed good DNA and BSA binding affinities using different spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, molecular docking for 7 e and 7 f was performed to anticipate their binding capabilities toward various proteins (Bcl2, CDH1 and BSA). The docking results were well correlated with those of experimental results. Additionally, density functional theory and ADMET study were performed to evaluate the molecular and pharmacokinetic features of 7 e and 7 f, respectively. Thus, this work reveals promising antitumor lead compounds that merit future research and activity enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Ragheb
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Fatma G Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Hadeer M Diab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Mona S Ragab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Marwan Emara
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Zewail City of Science, Technology and innovation, 12578-, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H M Elwahy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ismail A Abdelhamid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Marwa H Soliman
- Department of Chemistry (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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5
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Patel M, Bambharoliya T, Shah D, Patel K, Patel M, Shah U, Patel S, Mahavar A, Patel A. Emerging green synthetic routes for thiazole and its derivatives: Current perspectives. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300420. [PMID: 38013395 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This review article provides an overview of the green synthesis of thiazole derivatives, emphasizing sustainable and environmentally friendly methodologies. Thiazole derivatives possess significant value and find diverse applications across various fields. However, conventional synthesis methods often involve hazardous reagents and generate substantial waste, posing environmental concerns. The green synthesis of thiazole derivatives employs renewable starting materials, nontoxic catalysts, and mild reaction conditions to minimize environmental impact. Innovative techniques such as microwave irradiation, ultrasound synthesis, green solvents, a green catalyst-based approach, and mechanochemistry-mediated synthesis are employed, offering advantages in terms of scalability, cost-effectiveness, and purification simplicity. The resulting thiazole derivatives exhibit comparable or enhanced biological activities, showcasing the feasibility and practicality of green synthesis in drug discovery. This review paper underscores the importance of sustainable approaches in functional molecular synthesis and encourages further research in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitri Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Tushar Bambharoliya
- Department of Fiber and Polymer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Drashti Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Krina Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Mehul Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Umang Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Swayamprakash Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Anjali Mahavar
- Faculty of Computer Application, Chandaben Mohanbhai Patel Institute of Computer Application, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
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6
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Patel DA, Patel SS, Patel HD. Advances in synthesis and biological evaluation of CDK2 inhibitors for cancer therapy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107045. [PMID: 38147786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
One of the leading causes of mortality in the world is cancer. This disease occurs when responsible genes that regulate the cell cycle become inactive due to internal or external factors. Specifically, the G1/S and S/G2 transitions in the cell cycle are controlled by a protein called cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). CDKs, which play a crucial role in managing the cell cycle, have been a wide area of research in cancer treatment. Over the past 11 years, significant research has been made in identifying potent, targeted, and efficient inhibitors of CDK2. In this summary, we have summarized recent developments in the synthesis and biological evaluation of CDK2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmesh A Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navarangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Siddharth S Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navarangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Hitesh D Patel
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Navarangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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7
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Zaki WA, El-Sayed SM, Alswah M, El-Morsy A, Bayoumi AH, Mayhoub AS, Moustafa WH, Awaji AA, Roh EJ, Hassan AH, Mahmoud K. Design, Synthesis, In Vitro, and In Silico Studies of New N5-Substituted-pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidinone Derivatives as Anticancer CDK2 Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1593. [PMID: 38004458 PMCID: PMC10674233 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CDK2 is a key player in cell cycle processes. It has a crucial role in the progression of various cancers. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are two common cancers that affect humans worldwide. The available therapeutic options suffer from many drawbacks including high toxicity and decreased specificity. Therefore, there is a need for more effective and safer therapeutic agents. A series of new pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine analogs was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as anticancer agents against the CRC and HCC cells, HCT116, and HepG2, respectively. Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinone derivatives bearing N5-2-(4-halophenyl) acetamide substituents were identified as the most potent amongst evaluated compounds. Further evaluation of CDK2 kinase inhibition of two potential cytotoxic compounds 4a and 4b confirmed their CDK2 inhibitory activity. Compound 4a was more potent than the reference roscovitine regarding the CDK2 inhibitory activity (IC50 values: 0.21 and 0.25 µM, respectively). In silico molecular docking provided insights into the molecular interactions of compounds 4a and 4b with important amino acids within the ATP-binding site of CDK2 (Ile10, Leu83, and Leu134). Overall, compounds 4a and 4b were identified as interesting CDK2 inhibitors eliciting antiproliferative activity against the CRC and HCC cells, HCT116 and HepG2, respectively, for future further investigations and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed A. Zaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Selwan M. El-Sayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Alswah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Ashraf H. Bayoumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Abrahman S. Mayhoub
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Nanoscience Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Walaa H. Moustafa
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 19448, Egypt
| | - Aeshah A. Awaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University College of Taymaa, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed H.E. Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Kazem Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829, Egypt
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Ezzat MAF, Elmasry GF, El-Mageed MMAA, Fouad MA, Abdel-Aziz HA, Elewa SI. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of furan-bearing pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines as novel inhibitors of CDK2 and P53-MDM2 protein-protein interaction. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1183-1203. [PMID: 37191966 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The novel series of furan-bearing pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines were designed as cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitors and as p53-murine double minute 2 (MDM2) inhibitors. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antiproliferative activity toward hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and breast cancer (MCF7) cell lines. The most active compounds on both cell lines were additionally evaluated for their in vitro CDK2 inhibitory activity. Compounds 7b and 12f displayed enhanced activity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50 ] = 0.46 and 0.27 µM, respectively) in comparison to the standard roscovitine (IC50 = 1.41 ± 0.03 µM), in addition to, cell cycle arrest at S phase and G1/S transition phase in MCF7 cells treated with both compounds, respectively. Moreover, the most active spiro-oxindole derivative against MCF7 cell line, 16a, exhibited enhanced inhibitory activity against p53-MDM2 interaction in vitro (IC50 = 3.09 ± 0.12 µM) compared to nutlin, and increased the levels of both p53 and p21 by nearly fourfold in comparison to the negative control. Molecular docking studies demonstrated the plausible interaction patterns of the most potent derivatives 17b and 12f in the CDK2 binding pocket and the spiro-oxindole 16a with p53-MDM2 complex, respectively. Consequently, the new chemotypes 7b, 12f, and 16a can be presented as promising antitumor hits for further studies and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghada F Elmasry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa A Fouad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, NewGiza University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Safaa I Elewa
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Women's for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ashmawy FO, Gomha SM, Abdallah MA, Zaki MEA, Al-Hussain SA, El-Desouky MA. Synthesis, In Vitro Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Thiophenyl Thiazolyl-Pyridine Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114270. [PMID: 37298747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many literature reports revealed the anticancer activity of pyridine and thiazole derivatives, especially in lung cancer. Therefore, a new series of thiazolyl pyridines linked with thiophene moiety via hydrazone group was prepared by one-pot multi-component reaction of (E)-1-(4-methyl-2-(2-(1-(thiophen-2-yl)ethylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazol-5-yl)ethanone with benzaldehyde derivatives and malononitrile in a good yield. Then, compound 5 and the thiazolyl pyridines were investigated for their in vitro anticancer activity against lung cancer (A549) cell line using MTT assay compared to doxorubicin as a reference drug. The structure of all the newly synthesized compounds was established based on spectroscopic data and elemental analyses. For better insight to investigate their mechanism of action on A549 cell line, docking studies were performed, targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase. The results obtained revealed that the tested compounds displayed excellent anticancer activities against lung cancer cell line except 8c and 8f compared to reference drug. Based on the data obtained, it can be inferred that the novel compounds, as well as their key intermediate, compound 5, demonstrated potent anticancer activity against lung carcinoma by inhibiting EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayza O Ashmawy
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Sobhi M Gomha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Magda A Abdallah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Magdi E A Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A El-Desouky
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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10
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Moussaoui M, Baassi M, Baammi S, Soufi H, Salah M, Daoud R, El Allali A, Belghiti ME, Belaaouad S. In silico design of novel CDK2 inhibitors through QSAR, ADMET, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13646-13662. [PMID: 37203327 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2212304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to investigate about the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of a series of Thiazole derivatives reported as anticancer agents (hepatocellular carcinoma), using principally the electronic descriptors calculated by the DFT method and by applying the multiple linear regression method. The developed model showed good statistical parameters (R2 = 0.725, R2adj = 0.653, MSE = 0.060, R2test = 0.827, Q2cv = 0.536). The energy EHOMO orbital, electronic energy (TE), shape coefficient (I), number of rotatable bonds (NROT), and index of refraction (n) were revealed to be the main descriptors influencing the anti-cancer activity. Further, new Thiazole derivatives have been designed and their activities and pharmacokinetic properties have been predicted using the validated QSAR model. The designed molecules were then assessed to molecular docking (MD), and molecular dynamic (MDs) simulation accompanied by the calculation of the binding affinity using MMPBSA script according to 100 ns a simulation trajectory, to study both their affinity and their stability towards CDK2 as a target protein for the cancer disease treatment. This research concluded with the identification of four new CDK2 inhibitors which are A1, A3, A5, and A6 showing good pharmacokinetic properties. The MDs results revealed that the newly designed compound A5 remained stable in the active center of the discovered CDK2 protein, indicating its potential as a novel inhibitor for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. The current findings may eventually contribute to the development of robust CDK2 inhibitors in the future.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Moussaoui
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mouna Baassi
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Soukayna Baammi
- African Genome Centre (AGC), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Hatim Soufi
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Salah
- Team of Chemoinformatics Research and Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Rachid Daoud
- African Genome Centre (AGC), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - Achraf El Allali
- African Genome Centre (AGC), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir, Morocco
| | - M E Belghiti
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Nernest Technology, Sherbrook, Quebec, Canada
| | - Said Belaaouad
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sick, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
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11
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Aggarwal R, Hooda M, Kumar P, Kumar S, Singh S, Chandra R. An expeditious on-water regioselective synthesis of novel arylidene-hydrazinyl-thiazoles as DNA targeting agents. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106524. [PMID: 37079989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
A series of twenty novel (E)-arylidene-hydrazinyl-thiazole derivatives has been synthesized employing α-bromo-β-diketones, thiosemicarbazide, and aromatic/heteroaromatic aldehydes with a simple and facile one-pot multicomponent reaction passageway. This organic transformation proceeds efficiently in aqueous media and demonstrated a large functional group tolerance. The structures and stereochemistry of the regioisomeric product were rigorously characterized using heteronuclear 2D NMR experiments. The binding potential of the synthesized analogs with B-DNA dodecamer d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 was primarily screened using molecular modeling tools and further, mechanistic investigations (either groove or intercalation) were performed using various spectroscopic techniques such as UV-Visible, Fluorescence, and Circular dichroism. The absorption spectra showed a hyperchromic shift in the absorption maxima of ctDNA with successive addition of thiazole derivatives, implying groove binding mode of interactions, further supported by displacement assay and circular dichroism analysis. Furthermore, steady-state fluorescence analysis revealed the static mode of quenching and moderate bindings between the ligand and DNA biomolecule. The competitive studies showed that the derivatives having a pyridinyl (heteroaromatic) group in their structure, bind with the nucleic acid of calf-thymus (ctDNA) more effectively in the minor groove region as compared with the aromatic substitutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana, India; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Mona Hooda
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana, India
| | - Prince Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119 Haryana, India
| | - Snigdha Singh
- Departament of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Departament of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
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12
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Yadav CK, Nandeshwarappa B, Mussuvir Pasha K. Synthesis, computational study, solvatochromism and biological studies of thiazole-owing hydrazone derivatives. CHIMICA TECHNO ACTA 2023. [DOI: 10.15826/chimtech.2023.10.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, we have synthesized thiazole-hydrazone conjugates 5(a–h) and characterized them using various analytical techniques such as UV, IR, NMR, and mass spectrometry. Solvatochromic properties were evaluated in ten solvents with different polarity and quantum chemical parameters using a DFT study. The antibacterial activity results revealed that compounds 5c, 5d and 5g exhibited good efficacy and that the remaining compounds displayed significant activity. The synthesized compounds were screened for their cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and MCF-7 cell lines, and all the synthesized compounds exhibited significant potency towards the screened cancer cell lines. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of the synthesized thiazole derivatives was determined against MMP-2 and MMP-9, and some of the compounds showed significant activity. Furthermore, the in silico molecular docking was performed with the COX-2 receptor.
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13
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Structural, physicochemical and anticancer study of Zn complexes with pyridyl-based thiazolyl-hydrazones. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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14
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Taha M, Rahim F, Khan IU, Uddin N, Farooq RK, Wadood A, Rehman AU, Khan KM. Synthesis of thiazole-based-thiourea analogs: as anticancer, antiglycation and antioxidant agents, structure activity relationship analysis and docking study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12077-12092. [PMID: 36695088 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2171134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the convenient approach for the synthesis of thiazole based thiourea derivatives (1-21) from 2-bromo-1-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazole-1-one and phenyl isothiocyanates. The scope and diversity were achieved from readily available phenyl isothiocyanates. This protocol involves an oxidative C-S bond formation. Moreover, hybrid thiazole based thiourea scaffolds (1-21) according to literature known protocol were screened in vitro for anticancer Potential against breast cancer, antiglycation and antioxidant inhibitory profile. All newly developed scaffolds were showed moderate to good inhibitory potentials ranging from 0.10 ± 0.01 µM to 11.40 ± 0.20 µM, 64.20 ± 0.40 µM to 385.10 ± 1.70 µM and 8.90 ± 0.20 µM to 39.20 ± 0.50 µM against anticancer, antiglycation and antioxidant respectively. Among the series, compounds 12 (IC50 = 0.10 ± 0.01 µM), 10 (IC50 = 64.20 ± 0.40 µM) and 12 (IC50 = 8.90 ± 0.20 µM) with flouro substitution at phenyl ring of thiourea were identified to be the most potent among the series having excellent anticancer, antiglycation and antioxidant potential. The structure of all the newly synthetics scaffolds were confirmed by using different types of spectroscopic techniques such as HREI-MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. To find structure-activity relationship, molecular docking studies were carried out to understand the binding mode of active inhibitors with active site of enzymes and results supported the experimental data.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Taha
- Department of clinical pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Nizam Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rai Khalid Farooq
- Department of Neuroscience Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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15
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Li ZM, Liu G, Gao Y, Zhao MG. Targeting CDK7 in oncology: The avenue forward. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108229. [PMID: 35700828 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 7 is best characterized for the ability to regulate biological processes, including the cell cycle and gene transcription. Abnormal CDK7 activity is observed in various tumours and represents a driving force for tumourigenesis. Therefore, CDK7 may be an appealing target for cancer treatment. Whereas, the enthusiasm for CDK7-targeted therapeutic strategy is mitigated due to the widely possessed belief that this protein is essential for normal cells. Indeed, the fact confronts the consensus. This is the first review to introduce the role of CDK7 in pan-cancers via a combined analysis of comprehensive gene information and (pre)clinical research results. We also discuss the recent advances in protein structure and summarize the understanding of mechanisms underlying CDK7 function. These endeavours highlight the pivotal roles of CDK7 in tumours and may contribute to the development of effective CDK7 inhibitors within the strategy of structure-based drug discovery for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Mei Li
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Guan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xinsi Road 1, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Ya Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation, Institute of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China.
| | - Ming-Gao Zhao
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, Shaanxi, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xinsi Road 1, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi, PR China.
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16
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Rabeeb SIE, Deeb MAE, Sarg MT, Hassan AY. Imidazo[1,2,4]triazolone and Fused Imidazo[1,2,4]triazolone Derivatives: Synthesis,
In Vitro
Anticancer screening, CDK2 inhibitory activity, and Molecular modelling studies. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa I. El Rabeeb
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls) Al‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Moshira A. El Deeb
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls) Al‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology & Information
| | - Marwa T. Sarg
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls) Al‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
| | - Aisha Y. Hassan
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science (Girls) Al‐Azhar University Cairo Egypt
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17
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Sayed AR, Elsawy H, Shaaban S, Gomha SM, Al-Faiyz YS. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluations of Novel Azothiazoles Based on Thioamide. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2956-2966. [PMID: 35877428 PMCID: PMC9323687 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44070204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we studied the preparation of different thiazoles via the reaction of 2-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (1) with hydrazonoyl halides under base-catalyzed conditions. The reactions proceed through nucleophilic substitution attack at the halogen atom of the hydrazonoyl halides by the thiol nucleophile to form an S-alkylated intermediate. The latter intermediate undergoes cyclization by the loss of water to afford the final products. The structures of the azo compounds were confirmed by FTIR, MS, NMR, and elemental analyses. Indeed, the newly synthesized azo compounds were estimated for their potential anticancer activities by an MTT assay against different human cancer cells, such as lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (DLD-1). The caspase-3 levels were also estimated using Western blotting and the dual staining technique to evaluate the potency of the titled compounds to promote apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelwahed R. Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia; (H.E.); (S.S.); (Y.S.A.-F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-561-009-338
| | - Hany Elsawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia; (H.E.); (S.S.); (Y.S.A.-F.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Saad Shaaban
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia; (H.E.); (S.S.); (Y.S.A.-F.)
- Organic Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Sobhi M. Gomha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University in Almadinah Almonawara, Almadinah Almonawara 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasair S. Al-Faiyz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 380, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia; (H.E.); (S.S.); (Y.S.A.-F.)
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18
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Arun Renganathan R, Hema M, Karthik C, Lokanath N, Ravishankar Rai V. Extraction of itaconic acid by endophytic Aspergillus sp., isolated from Garcinia indica: Spectroscopic, structural and quantum computational studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Design, synthesis and docking studies of new hydrazinyl-thiazole derivatives as anticancer and antimicrobial agents. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Sayed AR, Al-Faiyz YS, Elsawy H, Shaaban S, Mohamed MA. Synthesis and Biochemical Studies of Novel Mon-Azothiazoles and Bis-Azothiazoles Based on 2-(4-(Dimethylamino)Benzylidene)Hydrazine-1-Carbothioamide. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2049326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelwahed R. Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Yasair S. Al-Faiyz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany Elsawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Saad Shaaban
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Organic Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. Mohamed
- Technology of Textile Department, Faculty of Technology & Education, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Humanity Study, Shaqra University, Afif, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Abd El-wahab HA, Mansour HS, Ali AM, El-Awady R, Aboul-Fadl T. New Cell Cycle Checkpoint Pathways Regulators with 2-Oxo-indoline Scaffold as Potential Anticancer Agents: Design, Synthesis, Biological Activities and In Silico Studies. Bioorg Chem 2022; 120:105622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Almehmadi SJ, Alsaedi AMR, Harras MF, Farghaly TA. Synthesis of a new series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as CDK2 inhibitors and anti-leukemia. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105431. [PMID: 34688130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Based on the structural study of previously known CDK2 inhibitors, a new series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives was designed and synthesized. The target compounds were biologically assessed as potent CDK2 inhibitors and promising anti-leukemia hits. The 7-(4-Bromo-phenyl)-3-(3-chloro/2-chloro-phenylazo)-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-ylamines 5 h and 5i revealed the best CDK2 inhibitory activity with comparable potency (IC50 = 22 and 24 nM, respectively) to that of dinaciclib (IC50 = 18 nM). Additionally, both analogues showed potent activities against CDK1, CDK5 and CDK9 at nanomolar concentrations (IC50 = 28-80 nM). The anti-leukemia screening of the target compounds showed strong to moderate cytotoxicity against the used leukemia cell lines (MOLT-4 and HL-60). Compound 5 h inhibited MOLT-4 and HL-60 by 1.4 and 2.3 folds (IC50 = 0.93 and 0.80 µM), respectively, compared to dinaciclib (IC50 = 1.30 and 1.84 µM). Furthermore, compound 5i was comparable to dinaciclib against MOLT-4 and exhibited twice its activity against HL-60. Besides, the cytotoxicity of the promising analogues on normal human blood cells indicated the safety of 5h and 5i as compared to the reference dinaciclib. The pharmacokinetic properties of 5h and 5i were predicted using ADME calculations revealing good oral bioavailability and high GI absorption. The molecular docking simulations indicated, as expected, that the dinaciclib analogues can well-accommodate the CDK2 binding site, forming a variety of interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar J Almehmadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah Almukaramah 21514, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani M R Alsaedi
- Department of Chemistry, Collage of Science, Taif University, P. O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa F Harras
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Thoraya A Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.
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