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Singh A, Singh K, Sharma A, Kaur U, Kaur K, Mohinder Singh Bedi P. Recent Developments in 1,2,3-Triazole Based α-Glucosidase Inhibitors: Design Strategies, Structure-Activity Relationship and Mechanistic Insights. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202401109. [PMID: 38951966 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202401109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic and most prevalent metabolic disorder affecting 422 million the people worldwide and causing life-threatening associated conditions including disorders of kidney, heart, and nervous system as well as leg amputation and retinopathy. Steadily rising cases from the last few decades suggest the failure of currently available drugs in containment of this disease. α-Glucosidase is a potential target for effectively tackling this disease and attracting significant interest from medicinal chemists around the globe. Besides having a set of side effects, currently available α-glucosidase inhibitors (carbohydrate mimics) offer better tolerability, safety, and synergistic pharmacological outcomes with other antidiabetic drugs therefore medicinal chemists have working extensively over last three decades for developing alternative α-glucosidase inhibitors. The 1,2,3-Triazole nucleus is energetically used by various research groups around the globe for the development of α-glucosidase inhibitors posing it as an optimum scaffold in the field of antidiabetic drug development. This review is a systematic analysis of α-glucosidase inhibitors developed by employing 1,2,3-triazole scaffold with special focus on design strategies, structure-activity relationships, and mechanism of inhibitory effect. This article will act as lantern for medicinal chemists in developing of potent, safer, and effective α-glucosidase inhibitors with desired properties and improved therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atamjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Karanvir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Uttam Kaur
- University School of Business Management, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, 140413, India
| | - Kamaljit Kaur
- Hershey Dental Group, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA
| | - Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
- Drug and Pollution testing Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
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Sharma A, Dubey R, Bhupal R, Patel P, Verma SK, Kaya S, Asati V. An insight on medicinal attributes of 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10728-1. [PMID: 37733243 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the globe's common leading disease which is caused by high consumption of glucose. DM compiles groups of metabolic disorders which are characterized by inadequate secretion of insulin from pancreas, resulting in hyperglycemia condition. Many enzymes play a vital role in the metabolism of carbohydrate known as α-amylase and α-glucosidase which is calcium metalloenzyme that leads to breakdown of complex polysaccharides into glucose. To tackle this problem, search for newer antidiabetic drugs is the utmost need for the treatment and/or management of increasing diabetic burden. The inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase is one of the effective therapeutic approaches for the development of antidiabetic therapeutics. The exhaustive literature survey has shown the importance of medicinally privileged triazole specifically 1,2,3-triazol and 1,2,4-triazoles scaffold tethered, fused and/or clubbed with other heterocyclic rings structures as promising agents for designing and development of novel antidiabetic therapeutics. Molecular hybrids namely pyridazine-triazole, pyrazoline-triazole, benzothiazole-triazole, benzimidazole-triazole, curcumin-triazole, (bis)coumarin-triazole, acridine-9-carboxamide linked triazole, quinazolinone-triazole, xanthone-triazole, thiazolo-triazole, thiosemicarbazide-triazole, and indole clubbed-triazole are few examples which have shown promising antidiabetic activity by inhibiting α-amylase and/or α-glucosidase. The present review summarizes the structure-activity relationship (SAR), enzyme inhibitory activity including IC50 values, percentage inhibition, kinetic studies, molecular docking studies, and patents filed of the both scaffolds as alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, which may be used for further development of potent inhibitors against both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Ritu Bhupal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Preeti Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Savas Kaya
- Health Services Vocational School, Department of Pharmacy, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Vivek Asati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
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Khoroshunova YV, Morozov DA, Kuznetsov DA, Rybalova TV, Glazachev YI, Bagryanskaya EG, Kirilyuk IA. Synthesis and Properties of (1 R( S),5 R( S),7 R( S),8 R( S))-1,8-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-6-azadispiro[4.1.4.2]tridecane-6-oxyl: Reduction-Resistant Spin Labels with High Spin Relaxation Times. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11498. [PMID: 37511257 PMCID: PMC10380268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Site-directed spin labeling followed by investigation using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy is a rapidly expanding powerful biophysical technique to study structure, local dynamics and functions of biomolecules using pulsed EPR techniques and nitroxides are the most widely used spin labels. Modern trends of this method include measurements directly inside a living cell, as well as measurements without deep freezing (below 70 K), which provide information that is more consistent with the behavior of the molecules under study in natural conditions. Such studies require nitroxides, which are resistant to the action of biogenic reductants and have high spin relaxation (dephasing) times, Tm. (1R(S),5R(S),7R(S),8R(S))-1,8-bis(hydroxymethyl)-6-azadispiro[4.1.4.2]tridecane-6-oxyl is a unique nitroxide that combines these features. We have developed a convenient method for the synthesis of this radical and studied the ways of its functionalization. Promising spin labels have been obtained, the parameters of their spin relaxation T1 and Tm have been measured, and the kinetics of reduction with ascorbate have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V Khoroshunova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Denis A Morozov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Danil A Kuznetsov
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Rybalova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yurii I Glazachev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena G Bagryanskaya
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor A Kirilyuk
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Kumar H, Dhameja M, Kurella S, Uma A, Gupta P. Synthesis, in-vitro α-glucosidase inhibition and molecular docking studies of 1,3,4-thiadiazole-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine hybrids: Potential leads in the search of new antidiabetic drugs. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dhameja M, Kumar H, Kurella S, Uma A, Gupta P. Flavone-1,2,3-triazole derivatives as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors: Synthesis, enzyme inhibition, kinetic analysis and molecular docking study. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:106028. [PMID: 35868105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
α-Glucosidase inhibitors are considered prime therapeutics in the management of type-2 diabetes and are preferred due to their localized action ushered by limited side effects. In this regard, nineteen new flavone-1,2,3-triazole derivatives have been designed and synthesized via utilizing an efficient click reaction protocol, and screened for the inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme. The reaction conditions were mild, good yielding and required easy work up. All the synthesized flavone-triazole derivatives were found more active against the yeast α-glucosidase with IC50 values ranging from 24.37 ± 0.55-168.44 ± 0.77 μ M as compared to standard inhibitor acarbose (IC50 = 844.81 ± 0.53 μM). The derivatives with 2,5‑dichloro 9k (IC50 = 24.37 ± 0.55 μM) and 4‑chloro 9d (IC50 = 24.77 ± 0.30 μM) substituent bearing an amide linkage were the most active. In the kinetic study of most active derivatives 9k and 9d, they were found to be mixed and uncompetitive inhibitors, respectively. In molecular docking studies, blind docking of the most active compounds was accomplished to find the interactions between the compounds and α-glucosidase that further confirms the mixed or uncompetitive nature of the inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Dhameja
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical & Decision Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025, India
| | - Hariom Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical & Decision Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025, India
| | - Sirisha Kurella
- Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana 500085, India
| | - Adepally Uma
- Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana 500085, India
| | - Preeti Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical & Decision Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025, India.
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Patil SM, Martiz RM, Satish AM, Shbeer AM, Ageel M, Al-Ghorbani M, Ranganatha L, Parameswaran S, Ramu R. Discovery of Novel Coumarin Derivatives as Potential Dual Inhibitors against α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase for the Management of Post-Prandial Hyperglycemia via Molecular Modelling Approaches. Molecules 2022; 27:3888. [PMID: 35745030 PMCID: PMC9227442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumarin derivatives are proven for their therapeutic uses in several human diseases and disorders such as inflammation, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, fertility, and microbial infections. Coumarin derivatives and coumarin-based scaffolds gained renewed attention for treating diabetes mellitus. The current decade witnessed the inhibiting potential of coumarin derivatives and coumarin-based scaffolds against α-glucosidase and α-amylase for the management of postprandial hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia is a condition where an excessive amount of glucose circulates in the bloodstream. It occurs when the body lacks enough insulin or is unable to correctly utilize it. With open-source and free in silico tools, we have investigated novel 80 coumarin derivatives for their inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase and α-amylase and identified a coumarin derivative, CD-59, as a potential dual inhibitor. The ligand-based 3D pharmacophore detection and search is utilized to discover diverse coumarin-like compounds and new chemical scaffolds for the dual inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase. In this regard, four novel coumarin-like compounds from the ZINC database have been discovered as the potential dual inhibitors of α-glucosidase and α-amylase (ZINC02789441 and ZINC40949448 with scaffold thiophenyl chromene carboxamide, ZINC13496808 with triazino indol thio phenylacetamide, and ZINC09781623 with chromenyl thiazole). To summarize, we propose that a coumarin derivative, CD-59, and ZINC02789441 from the ZINC database will serve as potential lead molecules with dual inhibition activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, thereby discovering new drugs for the effective management of postprandial hyperglycemia. From the reported scaffold, the synthesis of several novel compounds can also be performed, which can be used for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank M. Patil
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India; (S.M.P.); (R.M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Reshma Mary Martiz
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India; (S.M.P.); (R.M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - A. M. Satish
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India;
| | - Abdullah M. Shbeer
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Ageel
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammed Al-Ghorbani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Taibah University, Madina 41477, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Thamar University, Thamar 425897, Yemen
| | - Lakshmi Ranganatha
- Department of Chemistry, The National Institute of Engineering, Mysuru 570008, India;
| | - Saravanan Parameswaran
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India; (S.M.P.); (R.M.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Ramith Ramu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570015, India; (S.M.P.); (R.M.M.); (S.P.)
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Wang H, Kang X, Sun S, Yin Y, Jiang K, Tang G, Tang X, Wang W. Discovery of pyrogallol thermal reaction products from a model process of roasting coffee beans as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Design, synthesis, in vitro evaluation, and docking studies on ibuprofen derived 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as dual α-glucosidase and urease inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02814-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Synthesis, antimalarial and antioxidant activity of coumarin appended 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-021-02821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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