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Liu J, Xu T, Ding J, Wen H, Meng J, Liu Q, Liu X, Zhang W, Zhu GY, Jiang ZH, Gao J, Bai LP. Discovery of anti-melanogenic components in persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaf using LC-MS/MS-MN, AlphaFold2-enabled virtual screening and biological validation. Food Chem 2024; 455:139814. [PMID: 38824735 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) leaf is widely used as a tea substitute in East Asia, offering potential health benefits. Although studies have highlighted their effects on hyperpigmentation disorders, the active components remain unidentified. This study introduces a novel approach combining LC-MS/MS-based molecular networking with AlphaFold2-enabled virtual screening to expedite the identification of bioactive components in persimmon leaf. A total of 105 compounds were identified by MS/MS analysis. Further, virtual screening identified five flavonoids with potential anti-melanogenic properties. Bioassays confirmed myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol inhibited melanogenesis in human melanocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Biolayer interferometry assays revealed strong binding affinity between these flavonols and hsTYR, with KD values of 23.26 ± 11.77 for myricetin, 12.43 ± 0.37 for quercetin, and 14.99 ± 3.80 μM for kaempferol. Molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into the binding interactions of these flavonols with hsTYR, particularly highlighting the essential role of the 3-OH group on the C-ring. This study elucidates the bioactive components responsible for the anti-melanogenic effects of persimmon leaf, supporting their use in product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China; Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jianjun Ding
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoyue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jieru Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Jin Gao
- Increasepharm (Hengqin) Institute Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Ping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China.
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Evren AE, Nuha D, Dawbaa S, Karaduman AB, Sağlik BN, Yurttaş L. Novel oxadiazole-thiadiazole derivatives: synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:8688-8700. [PMID: 37587853 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2247087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
In the search for new anticancer agents, we synthesized a new series of thiazole derivatives carried on thiadiazole-oxadiazole hybrid. Final compounds (5a-5i) were analyzed via 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. The pharmacokinetic profile of the targeted compounds was predicted via in silico calculations. Their anticancer properties were determined using MTT method against MCF7 and A549 cell lines. Compounds 5a, 5b and 5c were found more active against MCF7 cells than A549 cells while they were not cytotoxic on L929 healthy cells. Generally, it can be summarized that acetamide moiety has a pivotal role in anticancer activity. For further studies, their aromatase inhibitory activity was evaluated. After determination all these features, the binding modes of the active compounds and the stability and relation of the ligand-enzyme complex were investigated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies, respectively. In vitro and in silico studies suggest two important structure-activity relationship (SAR) points that at least one azole ring is essential, and if there is approximately 8.0 ± 0.5 Å distance between the H-bond rich zone of ligand and the heteroaryl ring system of ligand has a major impact on aromatase inhibitory activity. Compounds with small group substitution on thiazole are found potentially may be used for the treatment of anti-breast cancer orally.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaf Evrim Evren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Demokrat Nuha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University for Business and Technology, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Sam Dawbaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Department of Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD), Faculty of Medical Sciences, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Al-Hikma University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Abdullah Burak Karaduman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Begüm Nurpelin Sağlik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Leyla Yurttaş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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3
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Ding Q, Cai J, Jin L, Hu W, Song W, Rose P, Tang Z, Zhan Y, Bao L, Lei W, Zhu YZ. A novel small molecule ZYZ384 targeting SMYD3 for hepatocellular carcinoma via reducing H3K4 trimethylation of the Rac1 promoter. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e711. [PMID: 39286779 PMCID: PMC11401973 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
SMYD3 (SET and MYND domain-containing 3) is a histone lysine methyltransferase highly expressed in different types of cancer(s) and is a promising epigenetic target for developing novel antitumor therapeutics. No selective inhibitors for this protein have been developed for cancer treatment. Therefore, the current study describes developing and characterizing a novel small molecule ZYZ384 screened and synthesized based on SMYD3 structure. Virtual screening was initially used to identify a lead compound and followed up by modification to get the novel molecules. Several technologies were used to facilitate compound screening about these novel molecules' binding affinities and inhibition activities with SMYD3 protein; the antitumor activity has been assessed in vitro using various cancer cell lines. In addition, a tumor-bearing nude mice model was established, and the activity of the selected molecule was determined in vivo. Both RNA-seq and chip-seq were performed to explore the antitumor mechanism. This work identified a novel small molecule ZYZ384 targeting SMYD3 with antitumor activity and impaired hepatocellular carcinoma tumor growth by reducing H3K4 trimethylation of the Rac1 promoter triggering the tumor cell cycle arrest through the AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Laboratory of Drug Discovery from Natural Resources and Industrialization & School of Pharmacy Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR China
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang China
- Joint Laboratory of TCM Innovation (Transformation) of Guizhou and Macau Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang China
| | - Jianghong Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Laboratory of Drug Discovery from Natural Resources and Industrialization & School of Pharmacy Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Laboratory of Drug Discovery from Natural Resources and Industrialization & School of Pharmacy Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR China
| | - Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Laboratory of Drug Discovery from Natural Resources and Industrialization & School of Pharmacy Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR China
| | - Wu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Laboratory of Drug Discovery from Natural Resources and Industrialization & School of Pharmacy Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR China
| | - Peter Rose
- School of Biosciences University of Nottingham Loughborough UK
| | - Zhiyuan Tang
- Department of Pharmacy Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University & Medical School of Nantong University Nantong China
| | - Yangyang Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital Navy Military Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Leilei Bao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital Navy Military Medical University Shanghai China
| | - Wei Lei
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang China
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine & Laboratory of Drug Discovery from Natural Resources and Industrialization & School of Pharmacy Macau University of Science and Technology Macau SAR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bioactive Small Molecules, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy Fudan University Shanghai China
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Dai SY, Qin WX, Yu S, Li C, Yang YH, Pei YH. Honokiol and magnolol: A review of structure-activity relationships of their derivatives. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 223:114132. [PMID: 38714288 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Honokiol (HK) and magnolol (MAG) are typical representatives of neolignans possessing a wide range of biological activities and are employed as traditional medicines in Asia. In the past few decades, HK and MAG have been proven to be promising chemical scaffolds for the development of novel neolignan drugs. This review focuses on recent advances in the medicinal chemistry of HK and MAG derivatives, especially their structure-activity relationships. In addition, it also presents a comprehensive summary of the pharmacology, biosynthetic pathways, and metabolic characteristics of HK and MAG. This review can provide pharmaceutical chemists deeper insights into medicinal research on HK and MAG, and a reference for the rational design of HK and MAG derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yang Dai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Wen-Xiu Qin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Shuo Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Yi-Hui Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
| | - Yue-Hu Pei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
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Li X, Yuan Z, Wang Y, Wang W, Shi J. Recent advances of honokiol:pharmacological activities, manmade derivatives and structure-activity relationship. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116471. [PMID: 38704945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Honokiol (HNK) is a typical natural biphenyl polyphenol compound. It has been proven to have a wide range of biological activities, including pharmacological effects such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and antimicrobial. However, due to the poor stability, water solubility, and bioavailability of HNK, HNK has not been used in clinical treatment. This article reviews the latest research on the pharmacological activity of HNK and summarizes the HNK derivatives designed and improved by several researchers. Reviewing these contents could promote the research process of HNK and guide the design of better HNK derivatives for clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Zhuo Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- Geriatric Intensive Care Unit, Sichuan Geriatric Medical Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; West China Medical Publishers, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Fu L, Tian W, Bao MY, Liu Z, Ren WJ, Liu J, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Gao J, Bai LP, Jiang ZH, Zhu GY. Cevanine-type alkaloids from the bulbs of Fritillaria unibracteata var. wabuensis and their antifibrotic activities in vitro. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 220:114018. [PMID: 38342288 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Steroidal alkaloids are the main bioactive components of the bulbs of Fritillaria, which have been used as traditional Chinese medicine, known as "Beimu", for the treatment of cough for thousands of years in China. Cough and dyspnea are the most common symptoms observed in patients with pulmonary fibrosis. However, the antifibrotic activity of steroidal alkaloids has not been reported yet. In this study, two previously unreported cevanine-type steroidal alkaloids (1 and 2), four previously undescribed cevanine-type alkaloid glycosides (3-6), and 19 known steroidal alkaloids (7-25) were isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria unibracteata var. wabuensis. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by comprehensive HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic data analysis, as well as DP4+ NMR calculations. The biological evaluation showed that compounds 2, 7-10, 14, 15, and 17 downregulated fibrotic markers induced by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in MRC-5 cells. Moreover, compounds 14 and 17 dose dependently inhibited TGF-β-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 cells, alleviated TGF-β-induced migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, and decreased the expression of fibrotic markers, fibronectin, and N-cadherin in TGF-β-induced MRC-5 cells. The research showed the potential of cevanine-type alkaloids as a class of natural antifibrotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Wenyue Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Meng-Yu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Wen-Jing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Jiazheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China; Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Jin Gao
- IncreasePharm (Hengqin) Institute Co., Ltd, Zhu Hai, Guangdong, 519031, China
| | - Li-Ping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China.
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China.
| | - Guo-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, 999078, China.
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Liu Z, Lu T, Qian R, Wang Z, Qi R, Zhang Z. Exploiting Nanotechnology for Drug Delivery: Advancing the Anti-Cancer Effects of Autophagy-Modulating Compounds in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2507-2528. [PMID: 38495752 PMCID: PMC10944250 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s455407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer continues to be a prominent issue in the field of medicine, as demonstrated by recent studies emphasizing the significant role of autophagy in the development of cancer. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) provides a variety of anti-tumor agents capable of regulating autophagy. However, the clinical application of autophagy-modulating compounds derived from TCM is impeded by their restricted water solubility and bioavailability. To overcome this challenge, the utilization of nanotechnology has been suggested as a potential solution. Nonetheless, the current body of literature on nanoparticles delivering TCM-derived autophagy-modulating anti-tumor compounds for cancer treatment is limited, lacking comprehensive summaries and detailed descriptions. Methods Up to November 2023, a comprehensive research study was conducted to gather relevant data using a variety of databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer Link, Web of Science, and CNKI. The keywords utilized in this investigation included "autophagy", "nanoparticles", "traditional Chinese medicine" and "anticancer". Results This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of nanotechnology in overcoming delivery challenges and enhancing the anti-cancer properties of autophagy-modulating compounds in TCM. The evaluation is based on a synthesis of different classes of autophagy-modulating compounds in TCM, their mechanisms of action in cancer treatment, and their potential benefits as reported in various scholarly sources. The findings indicate that nanotechnology shows potential in enhancing the availability of autophagy-modulating agents in TCM, thereby opening up a plethora of potential therapeutic avenues. Conclusion Nanotechnology has the potential to enhance the anti-tumor efficacy of autophagy-modulating compounds in traditional TCM, through regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixian Liu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianming Lu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruoning Qian
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zian Wang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruogu Qi
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Dubey R, Sharma A, Gupta S, Gupta GD, Asati V. A comprehensive review of small molecules targeting PI3K pathway: Exploring the structural development for the treatment of breast cancer. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107077. [PMID: 38176377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stands as one of the deadliest diseases, ranking second in terms of its global impact. Despite the presence of numerous compelling theories concerning its origins, none have succeeded in fully elucidating the intricate nature of this ailment. Among the prevailing concerns in today's world, breast cancer proliferation remains a significant issue, particularly affecting females. The abnormal proliferation of the PI3K pathway emerges as a prominent driver of breast cancer, underscoring its role in cellular survival and proliferation. Consequently, targeting this pathway has emerged as a leading strategy in breast cancer therapeutics. Within this context, the present article explores the current landscape of anti-tumour drug development, focusing on structural activity relationships (SAR) in PI3K targeting breast cancer treatment. Notably, certain moieties like triazines, pyrimidine, quinazoline, quinoline, and pyridoxine have been explored as potential PI3K inhibitors for combating breast cancer. Various heterocyclic small molecules are undergoing clinical trials, such as Alpelisib, the first orally available FDA-approved drug targeting PI3K; others include buparlisib, pictilisib, and taselisib, which inhibit class I PI3K. These drugs are used for the treatment of breast cancer but still have various side effects with their high cost. Therefore, the primary goal of this review is to include all current advances in the development of anticancer medicines that target PI3K over-activation in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Anushka Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Shankar Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - G D Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Vivek Asati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India.
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9
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Prasher P, Fatima R, Sharma M, Tynybekov B, Alshahrani AM, Ateşşahin DA, Sharifi-Rad J, Calina D. Honokiol and its analogues as anticancer compounds: Current mechanistic insights and structure-activity relationship. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 386:110747. [PMID: 37816447 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignans are plant-derived polyphenolic compounds with a plethora of biological applications. Also, regarded as phytoestrogens, the lignans offer a variety of health benefits of which the anti-cancer effects are the most attractive. Honokiol is a lignan isolated from various parts of trees belonging to the genus Magnolia. The bioactivity of honokiol is attributed to its characteristic physical properties, which include small size and the presence of two phenolic groups that may interact with proteins in cell membranes via hydrophobic interactions, aromatic pi orbital co-valency, and hydrogen bonding. The hydrophobicity of honokiol enables its rapid dissolution in lipids and the crossing of physiological barriers, including the blood-brain barrier and cerebrospinal fluid. These factors contribute towards the high bioavailability of honokiol which further support its candidature in medicinal research. Therefore, the anticancer properties of honokiol are of particular interest as many of the contemporary anticancer drugs suffer from bioavailability drawbacks, which necessitates the identification and development of novel candidate molecules directed as anticancer chemotherapeutics. The antioncogenic profile of honokiol also arises from the regulation of various signalling pathways associated with oncogenesis, arresting of the cell cycle by regulation of cyclic proteins, upregulation of epithelial markers and downregulation of mesenchymal markers leading to the inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and preventing the metastasis by restricting cell migration and invasion due to the downregulation of matrix-metalloproteinases. In this review, we discuss the anticancer properties of honokiol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Rabab Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Bekzat Tynybekov
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Department of Biodiversity and Bioresources, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
| | - Asma M Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dilek Arslan Ateşşahin
- Fırat University, Baskil Vocational School, Department of Plant and Animal Production, 23100, Elazıg, Turkey.
| | | | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349, Craiova, Romania.
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Li BH, Ma H, Zhu J, Chen J, Dai YQ, Zhang XJ, Li HM, Wu CZ. Semisynthesis and anti-cancer properties of novel honokiol derivatives in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2244694. [PMID: 37558230 PMCID: PMC10413922 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2244694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, 21 new honokiol derivatives were synthesised, and their anti-cancer properties were investigated. Among these, compound 1g exhibited the most potent cytotoxic activity against human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells, human gastric cancer SGC7901 cells, human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and mouse leydig testicular cancer I-10 lines with IC50 values of 6.04, 7.17, 6.83, and 5.30 μM, respectively. Compared to the parental compound, 1g displayed up to 5.18-fold enhancement of the cytotoxic effect on CNE-2Z cells. We further demonstrated that 1g inhibited cell growth, suppressed migration and invasion, and induced apoptosis of CNE-2Z cells by down-regulating HIF-1α, MMP-2, MMP-9, Bcl-2, Akt and up-regulating Bax protein levels. Transfection of CNE-2Z cells with HIF-1α siRNA reduced cell migration and invasion. In addition, in vivo experiments confirmed that 1g inhibited tumour growth in CNE-2Z cell-xenografted nude mice with low toxicity. Thus, our data suggested that 1g was a potent and safe lead compound for nasopharyngeal carcinoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Han Li
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yi-Qun Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Cheng-Zhu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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11
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Ming-Xin Guo MM, Wu X, Feng YF, Hu ZQ. Research Progress on the Structural Modification of Magnolol and Honokiol and the Biological Activities of Their Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300754. [PMID: 37401658 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Magnolol and Honokiol are the primary active components that have been identified and extracted from Magnolia officinalis, and several investigations have demonstrated that they have significant pharmacological effects. Despite their therapeutic benefits for a wide range of illnesses, research on and the implementation of these compounds have been hindered by their poor water solubility and low bioavailability. Researchers are continually using chemical methods to alter their structures to make them more effective in treating and preventing diseases. Researchers are also continuously developing derivative drugs with high efficacy and few adverse effects. This article summarizes and analyzes derivatives with significant biological activities reported in recent research obtained by structural modification. The modification sites have mainly focused on the phenolic hydroxy groups, benzene rings, and diene bonds. Changes to the allyl bisphenol structure will result in unexpected benefits, including high activity, low toxicity, and good bioavailability. Furthermore, alongside earlier experimental research in our laboratory, the structure-activity relationships of magnolol and honokiol were preliminarily summarized, providing experimental evidence for improving their development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ming-Xin Guo
- Department of pharmacy, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, Yixing, 214200, China
- New Drug Research and Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xia Wu
- New Drug Research and Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yi-Fan Feng
- New Drug Research and Development Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Hu
- Department of pharmacy, the Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, Yixing, 214200, China
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12
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Liu H, Luo W, Liu J, Kang X, Yan J, Zhang T, Yang L, Shen L, Liu D. The glucotoxicity protecting effect of honokiol in human hepatocytes via directly activating AMPK. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1043009. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1043009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionSustained hyperglycemia causes glucotoxicity, which has been regarded as a contributor to hepatocyte damage in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its metabolic comorbidities. Honokiol is a natural biphenolic component derived from the dietary supplement Magnolia officinalis extract. This study aimed to investigate the effects of honokiol on glucose metabolism disorders and oxidative stress in hepatocytes and the underlying mechanisms.MethodsHepG2 cells were treated with glucosamines (18 mM) to induce glucotoxicity as a diabetic complication model in vitro.Results and discussionHonokiol significantly increased glucose consumption, elevated 2-NBDG uptake, and promoted GLUT2 translocation to the plasma membrane in glucosamine-treated HepG2 cells, indicating that honokiol ameliorates glucose metabolism disorders. Furthermore, glucosamine-induced ROS accumulation and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were markedly reduced by honokiol, suggesting that honokiol alleviated glucotoxicity-induced oxidative stress. These effects were largely abolished by compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, suggesting an AMPK activation-dependent manner of honokiol function in promoting glucose metabolism and mitigating oxidative stress. Molecular docking results revealed that honokiol could interact with the amino acid residues (His151, Arg152, Lys243, Arg70, Lys170, and His298) in the active site of AMPK. These findings provide new insights into the antidiabetic effect of honokiol, which may be a promising agent for the prevention and treatment of T2D and associated metabolic comorbidities.
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13
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Liu J, Meng J, Li R, Jiang H, Fu L, Xu T, Zhu GY, Zhang W, Gao J, Jiang ZH, Yang ZF, Bai LP. Integrated network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking, LC-MS analysis and bioassays revealed the potential active ingredients and underlying mechanism of Scutellariae radix for COVID-19. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:988655. [PMID: 36186074 PMCID: PMC9520067 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.988655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Scutellariae radix ("Huang-Qin" in Chinese) is a well-known traditional herbal medicine and popular dietary supplement in the world, extensively used in prescriptions of TCMs as adjuvant treatments for coronavirus pneumonia 2019 (COVID-19) patients in China. According to the differences in its appearance, Scutellariae radix can be classified into two kinds: ZiQin (1∼3 year-old Scutellariae baicalensis with hard roots) and KuQin (more than 3 year-old S. baicalensis with withered pithy roots). In accordance with the clinical theory of TCM, KuQin is superior to ZiQin in cooling down the heat in the lung. However, the potential active ingredients and underlying mechanisms of Scutellariae radix for the treatment of COVID-19 remain largely unexplored. It is still not clear whether there is a difference in the curative effect of ZiQin and KuQin for the treatment of COVID-19. In this research, network pharmacology, LC-MS based plant metabolomics, and in vitro bioassays were integrated to explore both the potential active components and mechanism of Scutellariae radix for the treatment of COVID-19. As the results, network pharmacology combined with molecular docking analysis indicated that Scutellariae radix primarily regulates the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways via active components such as baicalein and scutellarin, and blocks SARS-CoV-2 spike binding to human ACE2 receptors. In vitro bioassays showed that baicalein and scutellarein exhibited more potent anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious effects than baicalin, the component with the highest content in Scutellariae radix. Moreover, baicalein inhibited SARS-CoV-2's entry into Vero E6 cells with an IC50 value of 142.50 μM in a plaque formation assay. Taken together, baicalein was considered to be the most crucial active component of Scutellariae radix for the treatment of COVID-19 by integrative analysis. In addition, our bioassay study revealed that KuQin outperforms ZiQin in the treatment of COVID-19. Meanwhile, plant metabolomics revealed that baicalein was the compound with the most significant increase in KuQin compared to ZiQin, implying the primary reason for the superiority of KuQin over ZiQin in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jieru Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Runfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Haiming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Ting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Increasepharm (Hengqin) Institute Co., Ltd., Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zi-Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Ping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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Xu T, Meng JR, Cheng W, Liu JZ, Chu J, Zhang Q, Ma N, Bai LP, Guo Y. Discovery of honokiol thioethers containing 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties as potential α-glucosidase and SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 67:116838. [PMID: 35617790 PMCID: PMC9123836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Honokiol, isolated from a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Magnolia officinalis, is a biphenolic compound with several biological activities. To improve and broaden its biological activity, herein, two series of honokiol thioethers bearing 1,3,4-oxadiazole moieties were prepared and assessed for their α-glucosidase and SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitory activities. Among all the honokiol thioethers, compound 7l exhibited the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 18.9 ± 2.3 µM, which was superior to the reference drug acarbose (IC50 = 24.4 ± 0.3 µM). Some interesting results of structure–activity relationships (SARs) have also been discussed. Enzyme kinetic study demonstrated that 7l was a noncompetitive α-glucosidase inhibitor, which was further supported by the results of molecular docking. Moreover, honokiol thioethers 7e, 9a, 9e, and 9r exhibited potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entering into HEK-293 T-ACE2h. Especially 9a displayed the strongest inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus entry with an IC50 value of 16.96 ± 2.45 μM, which was lower than the positive control Evans blue (21.98 ± 1.98 μM). Biolayer interferometry (BLI) binding and docking studies suggested that 9a and 9r may effectively block the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the host ACE2 receptor through dual recognition of SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD and human ACE2. Additionally, the potent honokiol thioethers 7l, 9a, and 9r displayed relatively no cytotoxicity to normal cells (LO2). These findings will provide a theoretical basis for the discovery of honokiol derivatives as potential both α-glucosidase and SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Jie-Ru Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Wanqing Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Jia-Zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Junyan Chu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Nannan Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Disease, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.
| | - Yong Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China.
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Honokiol Derivatives Bearing 3-((5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)oxazol-2(3H)-ones as Potential Viral Entry Inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090885. [PMID: 34577585 PMCID: PMC8471451 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus infection has posed a serious danger to global health and the economy. However, SARS-CoV-2 medications that are specific and effective are still being developed. Honokiol is a bioactive component from Magnoliae officinalis Cortex with damp-drying effect. To develop new potent antiviral molecules, a series of novel honokiol analogues were synthesized by introducing various 3-((5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl)oxazol-2(3H)-ones to its molecule. In a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus model, all honokiol derivatives were examined for their antiviral entry activities. As a result, 6a and 6p demonstrated antiviral entry effect with IC50 values of 29.23 and 9.82 µM, respectively. However, the parental honokiol had a very weak antiviral activity with an IC50 value more than 50 µM. A biolayer interfero-metry (BLI) binding assay and molecular docking study revealed that 6p binds to human ACE2 protein with higher binding affinity and lower binding energy than the parental honokiol. A competitive ELISA assay confirmed the inhibitory effect of 6p on SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD’s binding with ACE2. Importantly, 6a and 6p (TC50 > 100 μM) also had higher biological safety for host cells than honokiol (TC50 of 48.23 μM). This research may contribute to the discovery of potential viral entrance inhibitors for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, although 6p’s antiviral efficacy needs to be validated on SARS-CoV-2 viral strains in a biosafety level 3 facility.
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