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Wang Y, Zhao J, Xu Y, Tao C, Tong J, Luo Y, Chen Y, Liu X, Xu T. Uncovering SOD3 and GPX4 as new targets of Benzo[α]pyrene-induced hepatotoxicity through Metabolomics and Chemical Proteomics. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102930. [PMID: 37847980 PMCID: PMC10585396 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzo[α]pyrene (Bap) is recognized as a ubiquitous environmental pollutant among the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) class. Previous studies have shown that the hepatotoxicity of Bap is mainly caused by its metabolites, although it remains unclear whether Bap itself induces such damage. This study integrated metabolomics and chemical proteomics approaches to comprehensively identify the potential target proteins affected by Bap in liver cells. The results from the metabolomics showed that the significant changed metabolites were related with cellular redox homeostasis. CEllular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) showed that Bap induced protein thermal displacement of superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), which are closely related to oxidative homeostasis. Further validation through in vitro CETSA and drug affinity response target stability (DARTS) revealed that Bap directly affected the stability of SOD3 and GPX4 proteins. The binding affinities of Bap to the potential target proteins were further evaluated using molecular docking, while the isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) interaction measurements indicated nanomolar-level Kd values. Importantly, we found that Bap weakened the antioxidant capacity by destroying the activities of SOD3 and GPX4, which provided a new understanding of the mechanism of hepatotoxicity induced by Bap. Moreover, our provided workflow integrating metabolomics and label-free chemical proteomics, can be regarded as a practical way to identify the targets and inter-mechanisms for the various environmental compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Yipeng Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
| | - Cimin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Tong
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yingjie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China; Cangnan County Qiushi Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325899, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China; Cangnan County Qiushi Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325899, China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China; Cangnan County Qiushi Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325899, China
| | - Tengfei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China; Cangnan County Qiushi Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325899, China.
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2
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Zhou Q, Yao S, Yang M, Guo Q, Li Y, Li L, Lei B. Superoxide dismutase 2 ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction in skin fibroblasts of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy patients. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:917348. [PMID: 36017189 PMCID: PMC9398213 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.917348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), mtDNA mutations mediate mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is a crucial antioxidase against reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study aims to investigate whether SOD2 could ameliorate mtDNA mutation mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in skin fibroblasts of LHON patients and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods The skin of normal healthy subjects and severe LHON patients harboring m.11778G > A mutation was taken to prepare immortalized skin fibroblast cell lines (control-iFB and LHON-iFB). LHON-iFB cells were transfected with SOD2 plasmid or negative control plasmid, respectively. In addition, human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and human primary retinal pigmental epithelium (hRPE) cells were stimulated by H2O2 after gene transfection. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was measured with a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer. The level of ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured separately with the corresponding assay kits. The expression level of SOD2, inflammatory cytokines and p-IκBα/IκBα was evaluated by western-blot. Assessment of apoptosis was performed by TUNEL assay. Results LHON-iFB exhibited lower OCR, ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential but higher level of ROS and MDA than control-iFB. Western-blot revealed a significantly increased expression of IL-6 and p-IκBα/IκBα in LHON-iFB. Compared with the negative control, SOD2 overexpression increased OCR, ATP production and elevated mitochondrial membrane potential, but impaired ROS and MDA production. Besides, western-blot demonstrated exogenous SOD2 reduced the protein level of IL-6 and p-IκBα/IκBα. TUNEL assays suggested SOD2 inhibited cells apoptosis. Analogously, in SH-SY5Y and hRPE cells, SOD2 overexpression increased ATP production and mitochondrial membrane potential, but decreased ROS, MDA levels and suppressed apoptosis. Conclusion SOD2 upregulation inhibited cells apoptosis through ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction and reducing NF-κB associated inflammatory response. This study further support exogenous SOD2 may be a promising therapy for the treatment of LHON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingru Zhou
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shun Yao
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingzhu Yang
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingge Guo
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ya Li
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou University People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Lei,
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Yang B, Sylvius N, Luo J, Yang C, Da Z, Crotty C, Nicholson ML. Identifying Biomarkers from Transcriptomic Signatures in Renal Allograft Biopsies Using Deceased and Living Donors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:657860. [PMID: 34276651 PMCID: PMC8282197 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.657860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival of transplant kidneys using deceased donors (DD) is inferior to living donors (LD). In this study, we conducted a whole-transcriptome expression analysis of 24 human kidney biopsies paired at 30 minutes and 3 months post-transplantation using DD and LD. The transcriptome profile was found significantly different between two time points regardless of donor types. There were 446 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DD and LD at 30 minutes and 146 DEGs at 3 months, with 25 genes common to both time points. These DEGs reflected donor injury and acute immune responses associated with inflammation and cell death as early as at 30 minutes, which could be a precious window of potential intervention. DEGs at 3 months mainly represented the changes of adaptive immunity, immunosuppressive treatment, remodeling or fibrosis via different networks and signaling pathways. The expression levels of 20 highly DEGs involved in kidney diseases and 10 genes dysregulated at 30 minutes were found correlated with renal function and histology at 12 months, suggesting they could be potential biomarkers. These genes were further validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in 24 samples analysed by microarray, as well as in a validation cohort of 33 time point unpaired allograft biopsies. This analysis revealed that SERPINA3, SLPI and CBF were up-regulated at 30 minutes in DD compared to LD, while FTCD and TASPN7 were up-regulated at both time points. At 3 months, SERPINA3 was up-regulated in LD, but down-regulated in DD, with increased VCAN and TIMP1, and decreased FOS, in both donors. Taken together, divergent transcriptomic signatures between DD and LD, and changed by the time post-transplantation, might contribute to different allograft survival of two type kidney donors. Some DEGs including FTCD and TASPN7 could be novel biomarkers not only for timely diagnosis, but also for early precise genetic intervention at donor preservation, implantation and post-transplantation, in particular to effectively improve the quality and survival of DD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Research and Innovation, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Nantong-Leicester Joint Institute of Kidney Science, Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Nicolas Sylvius
- Genomics Core Facility, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jinli Luo
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Support Hub Leicester, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanyun Da
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Charlottelrm Crotty
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Research and Innovation, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael L Nicholson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Research and Innovation, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Department of Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Superoxide dismutase 3 as an inflammatory suppressor in A549 cells infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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Yan XX, Li HL, Zhang YT, Wu SY, Lu HL, Yu XL, Meng FG, Sun JH, Gong LK. A new recombinant MS-superoxide dismutase alleviates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:348-357. [PMID: 31506573 PMCID: PMC7468365 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0295-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is a common side effect of anticancer regimens that exerts a negative impact on chemotherapy. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a potential therapy for mucositis but efficient product is not available because the enzyme is degraded following oral administration or induces an immune reaction after intravascular infusion. Multi-modified Stable Anti-Oxidant Enzymes® (MS-AOE®) is a new recombinant SOD with better resistance to pepsin and trypsin. We referred it as MS-SOD to distinguish from other SODs. In this study we investigated its potential to alleviate 5-FU-induced intestinal injury and the mechanisms. An intestinal mucositis model was established in C57/BL6 mice by 5-day administration of 5-FU (50 mg/kg every day, ip). MS-SOD (800 IU/10 g, ig) was given once daily for 9 days. 5-FU caused severe mucositis with intestinal morphological damage, bodyweight loss and diarrhea; MS-SOD significantly decreased the severity. 5-FU markedly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines in the intestine which were ameliorated by MS-SOD. Furthermore, MS-SOD modified intestinal microbes, particularly reduced Verrucomicrobia, compared with the 5-FU group. In Caco2 cells, MS-SOD (250–1000 U/mL) dose-dependently decreased tBHP-induced ROS generation. In RAW264.7 cells, MS-SOD (500 U/mL) had no effect on LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines, but inhibited iNOS expression. These results demonstrate that MS-SOD can scavenge ROS at the initial stage of injury, thus play an indirect role in anti-inflammatory and barrier protein protection. In conclusion, MS-SOD attenuates 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation, and influencing microbes. MS-SOD may exert beneficial effect in prevention of intestinal mucositis during chemotherapy in clinic.
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Upadhyay S, Singh A, Sinha R, Omer S, Negi K. Colorimetric chemosensors for d-metal ions: A review in the past, present and future prospect. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Ghosh S, Ganguly A, Uddin MR, Mandal S, Alam MA, Guchhait N. Dual mode selective chemosensor for copper and fluoride ions: a fluorometric, colorimetric and theoretical investigation. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:11042-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00968a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sensor1can detect both copper and fluoride ions selectively in dual sensing mode. Moreover, it has been found to exhibit good membrane permeability for the detection of Cu2+in HEK 293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata 700 009
- India
| | | | - Md. Raihan Uddin
- Department of Microbiology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700019
- India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- Department of Microbiology
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata-700019
- India
| | | | - Nikhil Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata 700 009
- India
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8
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Shuvaev VV, Brenner JS, Muzykantov VR. Targeted endothelial nanomedicine for common acute pathological conditions. J Control Release 2015; 219:576-595. [PMID: 26435455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endothelium, a thin monolayer of specialized cells lining the lumen of blood vessels is the key regulatory interface between blood and tissues. Endothelial abnormalities are implicated in many diseases, including common acute conditions with high morbidity and mortality lacking therapy, in part because drugs and drug carriers have no natural endothelial affinity. Precise endothelial drug delivery may improve management of these conditions. Using ligands of molecules exposed to the bloodstream on the endothelial surface enables design of diverse targeted endothelial nanomedicine agents. Target molecules and binding epitopes must be accessible to drug carriers, carriers must be free of harmful effects, and targeting should provide desirable sub-cellular addressing of the drug cargo. The roster of current candidate target molecules for endothelial nanomedicine includes peptidases and other enzymes, cell adhesion molecules and integrins, localized in different domains of the endothelial plasmalemma and differentially distributed throughout the vasculature. Endowing carriers with an affinity to specific endothelial epitopes enables an unprecedented level of precision of control of drug delivery: binding to selected endothelial cell phenotypes, cellular addressing and duration of therapeutic effects. Features of nanocarrier design such as choice of epitope and ligand control delivery and effect of targeted endothelial nanomedicine agents. Pathological factors modulate endothelial targeting and uptake of nanocarriers. Selection of optimal binding sites and design features of nanocarriers are key controllable factors that can be iteratively engineered based on their performance from in vitro to pre-clinical in vivo experimental models. Targeted endothelial nanomedicine agents provide antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and other therapeutic effects unattainable by non-targeted counterparts in animal models of common acute severe human disease conditions. The results of animal studies provide the basis for the challenging translation endothelial nanomedicine into the clinical domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jacob S Brenner
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States; Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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9
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Fegade UA, Sahoo SK, Singh A, Singh N, Attarde SB, Kuwar AS. A chemosensor showing discriminating fluorescent response for highly selective and nanomolar detection of Cu2+ and Zn2+ and its application in molecular logic gate. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 872:63-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Dr. Joe McCord (Ph.D. 1970) is recognized here as a Redox Pioneer because he has published at least three articles on antioxidant/redox biology as first/last author that have been cited over 1000 times and has published at least 37 articles each cited over 100 times. Dr. McCord is known for the monumental discovery of the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) while a graduate student under fellow redox pioneer Irwin Fridovich and demonstrating its necessity to aerobic life. Beyond this, McCord's career is distinguished for bridging the gap from basic science to clinical relevance by showing the application of SOD and superoxide to human physiology, and characterizing the physiological functions of superoxide in inflammation, immunological chemotaxis, and ischemia-reperfusion injury, among other disease conditions. Work by McCord serves as the foundation upon which our understanding of how superoxide functions in a variety of physiological systems is built and demonstrates how superoxide is essential to aerobic life, yet, if left unchecked by SOD, toxic to a multitude of systems. These discoveries have substantial significance in a wide range of studies with applications in cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurology, and medicine, as well as general health and longevity. Dr. McCord's contributions to free radical biology have been recognized through many prestigious achievement awards, honorary titles, and conferences around the world; each serving as a testament to his status as a redox pioneer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Schnell
- 1 Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
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He X, Mishchuk DO, Shah J, Weimer BC, Slupsky CM. Cross-talk between E. coli strains and a human colorectal adenocarcinoma-derived cell line. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3416. [PMID: 24301462 PMCID: PMC3849634 DOI: 10.1038/srep03416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there is great interest in the specific mechanisms of how gut microbiota modulate the biological processes of the human host, the extent of host-microbe interactions and the bacteria-specific metabolic activities for survival in the co-evolved gastrointestinal environment remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate a comprehensive comparison of the host epithelial response induced by either a pathogenic or commensal strain of Escherichia coli using a multi-omics approach. We show that Caco-2 cells incubated with E. coli display an activation of defense response genes associated with oxidative stress. Indeed, in the bacteria co-culture system, the host cells experience an altered environment compared with the germ-free system that includes reduced pH, depletion of major energy substrates, and accumulation of fermentation by-products. Measurement of intracellular Caco-2 cell metabolites revealed a significantly increased lactate concentration, as well as changes in TCA cycle intermediates. Our results will lead to a deeper understanding of acute microbial-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan He
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
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12
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Shuvaev VV, Han J, Tliba S, Arguiri E, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Ramirez SH, Dykstra H, Persidsky Y, Atochin DN, Huang PL, Muzykantov VR. Anti-inflammatory effect of targeted delivery of SOD to endothelium: mechanism, synergism with NO donors and protective effects in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77002. [PMID: 24146950 PMCID: PMC3795626 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory activation of vascular endothelium is implicated in pathogenesis of severe conditions including stroke, infarction and sepsis. We have recently reported that superoxide dismutase (SOD) conjugated with antibodies (Ab/SOD) that provide targeted delivery into endothelial endosomes mitigates inflammatory endothelial activation by cytokines and agonists of Toll-like receptors (TLR). The goal of this study was to appraise potential utility and define the mechanism of this effect. Ab/SOD, but not non-targeted SOD injected in mice alleviated endotoxin-induced leukocyte adhesion in the cerebral vasculature and protected brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Transfection of endothelial cells with SOD, but not catalase inhibited NFκB signaling and expression of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 induced by both cytokines and TLR agonists. These results affirmed that Ab/SOD-quenched superoxide anion produced by endothelial cells in response to proinflammatory agents mediates NFκB activation. Furthermore, Ab/SOD potentiates anti-inflammatory effect of NO donors in endothelial cells in vitro, as well as in the endotoxin-challenged mice. These results demonstrate the central role of intracellular superoxide as a mediator of pro-inflammatory activation of endothelium and support the notion of utility of targeted interception of this signaling pathway for management of acute vascular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Translational Targeted Therapeutics and Nanomedicine of the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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13
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Abstract
Endothelial cells represent important targets for therapeutic and diagnostic interventions in many cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. Targeted delivery of drugs (especially potent and labile biotherapeutics that require specific subcellular addressing) and imaging probes to endothelium holds promise to improve management of these maladies. In order to achieve this goal, drug cargoes or their carriers including liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles are chemically conjugated or fused using recombinant techniques with affinity ligands of endothelial surface molecules. Cell adhesion molecules, constitutively expressed on the endothelial surface and exposed on the surface of pathologically altered endothelium—selectins, VCAM-1, PECAM-1, and ICAM-1—represent good determinants for such a delivery. In particular, PECAM-1 and ICAM-1 meet criteria of accessibility, safety, and relevance to the (patho)physiological context of treatment of inflammation, ischemia, and thrombosis and offer a unique combination of targeting options including surface anchoring as well as intra- and transcellular targeting, modulated by parameters of the design of drug delivery system and local biological factors including flow and endothelial phenotype. This review includes analysis of these factors and examples of targeting selected classes of therapeutics showing promising results in animal studies, supporting translational potential of these interventions.
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Kesarwani P, Murali AK, Al-Khami AA, Mehrotra S. Redox regulation of T-cell function: from molecular mechanisms to significance in human health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1497-534. [PMID: 22938635 PMCID: PMC3603502 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to have effects on T-cell function and proliferation. Low concentrations of ROS in T cells are a prerequisite for cell survival, and increased ROS accumulation can lead to apoptosis/necrosis. The cellular redox state of a T cell can also affect T-cell receptor signaling, skewing the immune response. Various T-cell subsets have different redox statuses, and this differential ROS susceptibility could modulate the outcome of an immune response in various disease states. Recent advances in T-cell redox signaling reveal that ROS modulate signaling cascades such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and JAK/STAT pathways. Also, tumor microenvironments, chronic T-cell stimulation leading to replicative senescence, gender, and age affect T-cell susceptibility to ROS, thereby contributing to diverse immune outcomes. Antioxidants such as glutathione, thioredoxin, superoxide dismutase, and catalase balance cellular oxidative stress. T-cell redox states are also regulated by expression of various vitamins and dietary compounds. Changes in T-cell redox regulation may affect the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Many strategies to control oxidative stress have been employed for various diseases, including the use of active antioxidants from dietary products and pharmacologic or genetic engineering of antioxidant genes in T cells. Here, we discuss the existence of a complex web of molecules/factors that exogenously or endogenously affect oxidants, and we relate these molecules to potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Kesarwani
- Department of Surgery, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Maksimenko AV, Vavaev AV. Antioxidant enzymes as potential targets in cardioprotection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Enzyme antioxidants: the next stage of pharmacological counterwork to the oxidative stress. Heart Int 2012; 7:e3. [PMID: 22690296 PMCID: PMC3366299 DOI: 10.4081/hi.2012.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The focus in antioxidant research is on enzyme derivative investigations. Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is of particular interest, as it demonstrates in vivo the protective action against development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure, diabetes mellitus. The reliable association of coronary artery disease with decreased level of heparin-released EC-SOD was established in clinical research. To create a base for and to develop antioxidant therapy, various SOD isozymes, catalase (CAT), methods of gene therapy, and combined applications of enzymes are used. Covalent bienzyme SOD-CHS-CAT conjugate (CHS, chondroitin sulphate) showed high efficacy and safety as the drug candidate. There is an evident trend to use the components of glycocalyx and extra-cellular matrix for target delivery of medical substances. Development of new enzyme antioxidants for therapeutic application is closely connected with progress in medical biotechnology, the pharmaceutical industry, and the bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Maksimenko
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Russian Cardiology Research-and-Production Complex, Moscow, Russia
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Upadhyay KK, Upadhyay S, Kumar A, Thapliyal K. Synthesis, crystal structures and studies on Hg2+ sensing by the diazo derivatives of sulfathiazole and sulfamethoxazole. J Sulphur Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2012.716844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. K. Upadhyay
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , 221005 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Shalini Upadhyay
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , 221005 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Ajit Kumar
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , 221005 , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Kamlesh Thapliyal
- b Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology , Kanpur , 208016 , Uttar Pradesh , India
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Mazzoni A, Breschi L, Carrilho M, Nascimento FD, Orsini G, Ruggeri A, Gobbi P, Manzoli L, Tay FR, Pashley DH, Tjäderhane L. A review of the nature, role, and function of dentin non-collagenous proteins. Part II: enzymes, serum proteins, and growth factors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2012.00268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Han J, Shuvaev VV, Muzykantov VR. Targeted interception of signaling reactive oxygen species in the vascular endothelium. Ther Deliv 2012; 3:263-76. [PMID: 22834201 PMCID: PMC5333711 DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated as injurious and as signaling agents in human maladies including inflammation, hyperoxia, ischemia-reperfusion and acute lung injury. ROS produced by the endothelium play an important role in vascular pathology. They quench, for example, nitric oxide, and mediate pro-inflammatory signaling. Antioxidant interventions targeted for the vascular endothelium may help to control these mechanisms. Animal studies have demonstrated superiority of targeting ROS-quenching enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase to endothelial cells over nontargeted formulations. A diverse arsenal of targeted antioxidant formulations devised in the last decade shows promising results for specific quenching of endothelial ROS. In addition to alleviation of toxic effects of excessive ROS, these targeted interventions suppress pro-inflammatory mechanisms, including endothelial cytokine activation and barrier disruption. These interventions may prove useful in experimental biomedicine and, perhaps, in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Han
- Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics & Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, TRC 10–125, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104–5158, USA
| | - Vladimir V Shuvaev
- Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics & Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, TRC 10–125, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104–5158, USA
| | - Vladimir R Muzykantov
- Institute for Translational Medicine & Therapeutics & Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, TRC 10–125, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Bldg 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104–5158, USA
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Hybertson BM, Gao B, Bose SK, McCord JM. Oxidative stress in health and disease: the therapeutic potential of Nrf2 activation. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 32:234-46. [PMID: 22020111 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 653] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
For the past 40 years or so, oxidative stress has been increasingly recognized as a contributing factor in aging and in various forms of pathophysiology generally associated with aging. Our view of oxidative stress has been largely "superoxide-centric", as we focused on the pathological sources of this oxygen-derived free radical and the types of molecular havoc it can wreak, as well as on the protection provided by the antioxidant enzymes, especially the superoxide dismutases, catalases, and glutathione peroxidases. In the last decade our view of oxidative stress has broadened considerably, and it is now often seen as an imbalance that has its origins in our genes, and the ways in which gene expression is regulated. At the center of this new focus is the transcription factor called nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2, or Nrf2. Nrf2 is referred to as the "master regulator" of the antioxidant response, modulating the expression of hundreds of genes, including not only the familiar antioxidant enzymes, but large numbers of genes that control seemingly disparate processes such as immune and inflammatory responses, tissue remodeling and fibrosis, carcinogenesis and metastasis, and even cognitive dysfunction and addictive behavior. Thus, the dysregulation of Nrf2-regulated genes provides a logical explanation for the connections, both direct and indirect, between observable oxidative stress and perhaps 200 human diseases involving these various physiological processes, each reflecting a network involving many gene products. The evolutionary self-association of these many genes under the common control of Nrf2 suggests that the immune and inflammatory systems may present the largest demand for increased antioxidant protection, apart from constitutive oxidative stress resulting from mitochondrial oxygen consumption for metabolic purposes. Gene expression microarray data on human primary vascular endothelial cells and on the SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma-derived cell line have been obtained in response to the dietary supplement Protandim, a potent composition of highly synergistic phytochemical Nrf2 activators. Pathway analysis of results shows significant modulation by Protandim of pathways involving not only antioxidant enzymes, but of those related to colon cancer, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks M Hybertson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Science and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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Upadhyay KK, Upadhyay S, Kumar A, Thapliyal K, Srivastava SK. Solvent-Assisted Naked Eye Sensing of Hg2+ by a Chemoreceptor Derived from Diazocoupling of Sulfathiazole with Diethyl Malonate. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2010.536187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. K. Upadhyay
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, India
| | - Shalini Upadhyay
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, India
| | - Ajit Kumar
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, India
| | - Kamlesh Thapliyal
- b Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur , Kanpur, India
| | - Santosh K. Srivastava
- a Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi, India
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Bafana A, Dutt S, Kumar A, Kumar S, Ahuja PS. The basic and applied aspects of superoxide dismutase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Clarke MB, Wright R, Irwin D, Bose S, Van Rheen Z, Birari R, Stenmark KR, McCord JM, Nozik-Grayck E. Sustained lung activity of a novel chimeric protein, SOD2/3, after intratracheal administration. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49:2032-9. [PMID: 20932897 PMCID: PMC3005855 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2010.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of recombinant superoxide dismutase to the lung is limited by its short half-life and poor tissue penetration. We hypothesized that a chimeric protein, SOD2/3, containing the enzymatic domain of manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and the heparan-binding domain of extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), would allow for the delivery of more sustained lung and pulmonary vascular antioxidant activity compared to SOD2. We administered SOD2/3 to rats by intratracheal (i.t.), intraperitoneal (i.p.), or intravenous (i.v.) routes and evaluated the presence, localization, and activity of lung SOD2/3 1 day later using Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and SOD activity gels. The effect of i.t. SOD2/3 on the pulmonary and systemic circulation was studied in vivo in chronically catheterized rats exposed to acute hypoxia. Active SOD2/3 was detected in lung 1 day after i.t. administration but not detected after i.p. or i.v. SOD2/3 administration or i.t. SOD2. The physiologic response to acute hypoxia, vasoconstriction in the pulmonary circulation and vasodilation in the systemic circulation, was enhanced in rats treated 1 day earlier with i.t. SOD2/3. These findings indicate that i.t. administration of SOD2/3 effectively delivers sustained enzyme activity to the lung as well as pulmonary circulation and has a longer tissue half-life compared to native SOD2. Further testing in models of chronic lung or pulmonary vascular diseases mediated by excess superoxide should consider the longer tissue half-life of SOD2/3 as well as its potential systemic vascular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret B. Clarke
- Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rachel Wright
- Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - David Irwin
- Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Group, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Swapan Bose
- Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Zachary Van Rheen
- Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Rahul Birari
- Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kurt R. Stenmark
- Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Group, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Joe M. McCord
- Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Eva Nozik-Grayck
- Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Group, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Bafana A, Dutt S, Kumar S, Ahuja PS. Superoxide dismutase: an industrial perspective. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2010; 31:65-76. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2010.490937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Upadhyay K, Upadhyay S, Kumar K, Prasad R. X-ray crystallographic study of 3-Oxo-2-{[4-(thiazol-2-ylsulfamoyl)-phenyl]-hydrazono}-butyric acid ethyl ester and its application in the solvent assisted naked eye sensing of Hg(II). J Mol Struct 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the safety and efficacy of lecithinized superoxide dismutase (PC-SOD) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). METHOD PC-SOD was injected once daily at doses of 40 mg (n = 22) and 80 mg (n = 20) for a total treatment period of 4 weeks. Efficacy was assessed by UC-Disease Activity Index (DAI) total score. All side effects were recorded and investigated. RESULTS At 4 weeks, the UC-DAI total score was significantly decreased vs baseline in both the 40 mg and 80 mg groups. It was confirmed that PC-SOD 80 mg was, at least, not significantly superior to PC-SOD 40 mg. Twenty incidences of side effects were noted in 12 (54.55%) of 22 patients in the 40 mg group, while there were three incidences of side effects in two (10.00%) of 20 patients in the 80 mg group. None of these side effects was severe. Thus it was concluded that the test drug is safe when given at daily dosages of 40 mg and 80 mg. CONCLUSION In this pilot study PC-SOD improved UC more rapidly than previously existing drugs. A double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of PC-SOD 40 mg/day is required to confirm the efficacy of this agent against UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Suzuki
- Toho University Sakura Medical CenterSakura, Japan
| | | | - S Okamoto
- Keio University School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - T Hibi
- Keio University School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
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26
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Dahl M, Bowler RP, Juul K, Crapo JD, Levy S, Nordestgaard BG. Superoxide dismutase 3 polymorphism associated with reduced lung function in two large populations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178:906-12. [PMID: 18703790 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200804-549oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Superoxide dismutase (SOD) 3 inhibits oxidative fragmentation of lung matrix components collagen I, hyaluronan, and heparan sulfate. Inherited change in SOD3 expression or function could affect lung matrix homeostasis and influence pulmonary function. OBJECTIVES To identify novel SOD3 polymorphisms that are associated with lung function or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Resequencing of 182 individuals identified two novel polymorphisms, E1 (rs8192287) and I1 (rs8192288), in a conserved region of the SOD3 gene of potential relationship to lung function. We next genotyped 9,093 individuals from the Copenhagen City Heart Study for the polymorphisms and recorded spirometry, and admissions and deaths due to COPD during 26-year follow-up. Finally, we validated our findings in a cross-sectional analysis of 35,635 individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Genotyping the Copenhagen City Heart Study identified 35 E1/I1 homozygotes, 1,050 heterozygotes, and 8,008 noncarriers (Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: P = 0.93). Using quadruple lung function measurements, we found that E1/I1 homozygotes had 7% lower FVC % predicted (P = 0.006) and 4% lower FEV(1) % predicted (P = 0.12) compared with noncarriers. In the Copenhagen General Population Study, E1/I1 homozygotes also had lower FVC % predicted than noncarriers (P = 0.03), confirming an association between E1/I1 genotype and reduced lung function. E1/I1 homozygotes had adjusted hazard ratios for COPD hospitalization and COPD mortality of 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.0-5.9) and 3.7 (95% confidence interval, 0.9-15), respectively; the results were independent of influence from the R213G allele of the SOD3 gene. CONCLUSIONS We identified two novel polymorphisms in a conserved region of the SOD3 gene and show that individuals that are homozygous for these polymorphisms have reduced FVC % predicted in two large, population-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Dahl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital and Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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27
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Abstract
Cellular metabolism generates the cytotoxic superoxide free radical, O(2).(-), and a family of enzymes called superoxide dismutases (SOD) protects us from O(2).(-) by catalyzing its conversion to O(2) and H(2)O(2). Superoxide production increases in a wide variety of pathological states, especially those involving inflammation or ischemic injury. Most of the literature has described systems wherein added or over expressed SOD produced beneficial effects, yet in some circumstances SOD provided no benefit, or was clearly detrimental, exacerbating cell injury or death. When broad dose-response studies were finally possible in models of reperfusion injury in the isolated heart, hormesis became clear. We propose that the mechanisms underlying the hormesis are related to the paradoxical abilities of the superoxide radical to serve as both an initiator and a terminator of the free radical-mediated chain reaction that results in lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation is a universal feature of oxidative stress, causing loss of cellular structure and function. Under any given conditions, the optimal concentration of SOD is that which decreases chain initiation without elimination of the chain termination properties of the radical, resulting in a minimum of net lipid peroxidation. Mathematical modeling of this hypothesis yields predictions fully consistent with observed laboratory data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe M McCord
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado-Denver Health Sciences Center, 4200 E. Ninth Ave., Denver, CO 80246, USA.
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28
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Lomri A. Role of reactive oxygen species and superoxide dismutase in cartilage aging and pathology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2217/17460816.3.4.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Carbó C, Arderiu G, Escolar G, Fusté B, Cases A, Carrascal M, Abián J, Díaz-Ricart M. Differential Expression of Proteins From Cultured Endothelial Cells Exposed to Uremic Versus Normal Serum. Am J Kidney Dis 2008; 51:603-12. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Broeyer FJF, van Aken BE, Suzuki J, Kemme MJB, Schoemaker HC, Cohen AF, Mizushima Y, Burggraaf J. The pharmacokinetics and effects of a long-acting preparation of superoxide dismutase (PC-SOD) in man. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 65:22-9. [PMID: 17610527 PMCID: PMC2291268 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety and tolerability of single rising doses up to 80 mg of superoxide dismutase covalently linked to lecithin (PC-SOD) in healthy White volunteers. METHODS This double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-period cross-over study was performed in eight healthy volunteers (four male/four female). Three doses of PC-SOD (20, 40 and 80 mg) and placebo were administered intravenously in randomized order. Serum and urinary PC-SOD concentrations were measured predose and up to 96 h after dosing. In addition to standard safety measurements, the urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, alpha-glutathione S-transferase (alpha-GST) and pi-GST was measured to evaluate renal function. The PK of PC-SOD was analysed using noncompartmental and compartmental methods. RESULTS All treatments were well tolerated, and no obvious relationship between adverse events and treatment was observed. No effects of PC-SOD on renal function could be detected. Dose normalized C(max) and AUC were not different between the different dosages, indicating linearity of plasma concentrations with dose. Estimated PC-SOD clearance was 2.54 ml min(-1)[95% confidence interval (CI) 2.07, 2.83]. The terminal half-life was estimated to be 1.54 days (95% CI 0.93, 2.15). SOD activity was elevated above baseline for 19 +/- 6 h after the 80-mg dose. CONCLUSIONS Single intravenous administrations of PC-SOD in doses up to 80 mg were well tolerated in healthy White male and female volunteers. With the doses used, SOD activity was linearly related to the dose; after the 80-mg dose it was present for an appreciable period. These findings suggest that it is worthwhile to investigate PC-SOD in clinical conditions characterized by a high radical overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J F Broeyer
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
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31
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Gross J, Machulik A, Amarjargal N, Moller R, Ungethüm U, Kuban RJ, Fuchs FU, Andreeva N, Fuchs J, Henke W, Pohl EE, Szczepek AJ, Haupt H, Mazurek B. Expression of apoptosis-related genes in the organ of Corti, modiolus and stria vascularis of newborn rats. Brain Res 2007; 1162:56-68. [PMID: 17612509 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell death in the inner ear tissues is an important mechanism leading to hearing impairment. Here, using microarrays and real-time RT-PCR we analyzed expression of selected apoptosis-related genes in rat's inner ear. We determined the gene expression in tissues freshly isolated from neonatal rats (3-5 days old) and compared it to that of explants cultured for 24 h under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. For the analyses, we used pooled samples of the organ of Corti (OC), modiolus (MOD) and stria vascularis (SV), respectively. We observed region-specific changes in gene expression between the fresh tissues and the normoxic culture. In the OC, expression of the proapoptotic genes caspase-2, caspase-3, caspase-6 and calpain-1 was downregulated. In the MOD, the antioxidative defense SOD-2 and SOD-3 were upregulated. In the SV, caspase-2, caspase-6, calpain-1 and SOD-3 were downregulated and SOD-2 upregulated. We speculate that these changes could reflect survival shift in transcriptome of inner ear explants tissues under in vitro conditions. With the exception of SOD-2, hypoxic culture conditions induced the same changes in gene expression as the normoxic conditions indicating that culture preparation is likely the dominating factor, which modifies the gene expression pattern. We conclude that various culture conditions induce different expression pattern of apoptosis-related genes in the organotypic cochlear cultures, as compared to fresh tissues. This transcriptional pattern may reflect the survival ability of specific tissues and could become a tempting target for a pharmacological intervention in inner ear diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Gross
- Dept. Othorhinolaryngology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Charitéplatz 1, 10117-Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SOD), a group of metal-containing enzymes, have a vital anti-oxidant role in human health, conferred by their scavenging of one of the reactive oxygen species, superoxide anion. Three types of SODs are known in humans, with the most abundant being cytosolic SOD1, identified by its Cu, Zn-containing prosthetic group. The presence of these metals and the coordination to certain amino acids are essential for function. SODs are among the first line of defense in the detoxification of products resulting from oxidative stress. Here, we describe the importance of SOD function, and the need for coordination with other ROS-scavenging enzymes in this pathway of detoxification. The impact of metal-deficient diets (copper or zinc) or incorrect metal ion incorporation (copper chaperone for SOD) onto nascent SOD, are also examined. Finally, human pathologies associated with either SOD dysfunction or decreased activity are discussed with current progress on the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, 1311 Haring Hall, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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