1
|
Yao S, Du Z, Xiao L, Yan F, Ivanovski S, Xiao Y. Morphometric Changes of Osteocyte Lacunar in Diabetic Pig Mandibular Cancellous Bone. Biomolecules 2022; 13:biom13010049. [PMID: 36671434 PMCID: PMC9856050 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes play an important role in bone metabolism. The interactions of osteocytes with the surrounding microenvironment can alter cellular and lacunar morphological changes. However, objective quantification of osteocyte lacunae is challenging due to their deep location in the bone matrix. This project established a novel method for the analytical study of osteocytes/lacunae, which was then used to evaluate the osteocyte morphological changes in diabetic pig mandibular bone. Eight miniature pigs were sourced, and diabetes was randomly induced in four animals using streptozotocin (STZ) administration. The mandibular tissues were collected and processed. The jawbone density was evaluated with micro-CT. Osteocyte lacunae were effectively acquired and identified using backscattered electron scanning microscopy (BSE). A significantly decreased osteocyte lacunae size was found in the diabetic group. Using the acid etching method, it was demonstrated that the area of osteocyte and lacunae, and the pericellular areas were both significantly reduced in the diabetes group. In conclusion, a standard and relatively reliable method for analyzing osteocyte/lacunae morphological changes under compromised conditions has been successfully established. This method demonstrates that diabetes can significantly decrease osteocyte/lacunae size in a pig's mandibular cancellous bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yao
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Center of Biomedical Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- The First Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Zhibin Du
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Center of Biomedical Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Lan Xiao
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Center of Biomedical Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Center of Biomedical Technology, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- School of Medicine and Dentistry & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Metabolomics and biochemical insights on the regulation of aging-related diabetes by a low-molecular-weight polysaccharide from green microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100316. [PMID: 35774637 PMCID: PMC9237631 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
C. pyrenoidosa polysaccharide (CPP) have hypoglycemic activity and oxidation resistance. CPP prevents oxidative stress and stimulates insulin via affecting phenylpyruvic acid. CPP can regulate the GLP-1R/IL-6R and ZO-1/MMP-2 pathways. CPP activated BCL-6 to promote cell survival in brain.
Globally, aging and diabetes are considered prevalent threats to human health. Chlorella pyrenoidosa polysaccharide (CPP) is a natural active ingredient with multiple health benefits including antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities. In this study, the aging-related diabetic (AD) mice model was established to investigate the underlying hypoglycemic and antioxidant mechanisms of CPP. It improved superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and malondialdehyde activities in liver and insulin secretion. CAT and GSH-px activity in the brain increased after CPP administration. In addition, through histopathological examinations, it was evident that injuries in the liver, brain, jejunum, and pancreas were restored by CPP. This restoration was likely mediated via the activation of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor/FOXO-1 (forkhead box O1) pathway concurrent with the inhibition of interleukin-6 receptor/FOXO-1 pathway. Furthermore, metabolomics and correlation analysis revealed that CPP possibly relived AD through changes in insulin levels and declined oxidative stress as regulated by phenylpyruvic acid. These findings suggested that CPP exerted antioxidant and hypoglycemic roles in an AD mice model, thereby providing a sound scientific foundation for further development and utilization of CPP.
Collapse
|
3
|
Qudus B Aroyehun A, Abdul Razak S, Palaniveloo K, Nagappan T, Suraiza Nabila Rahmah N, Wee Jin G, Chellappan DK, Chellian J, Kunnath AP. Bioprospecting Cultivated Tropical Green Algae, Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh: A Perspective on Nutritional Properties, Antioxidative Capacity and Anti-Diabetic Potential. Foods 2020; 9:E1313. [PMID: 32961907 PMCID: PMC7555259 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J. Agardh is a green seaweed used as food and folk medicine since ancient times in the Indo-Pacific region, particularly in southeast Asia. In this study, the proximate nutrient composition, phytochemical, anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic properties of sea grape C. racemosa collected from culture fishponds in Johor, Malaysia were analysed. The contents (dry weight basis) of carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipids, ash and caloric value obtained were 33.42 ± 1.34%, 20.27 ± 0.14%, 4.20 ± 0.32%, 28.25 ± 0.27% and 2544.67 ± 7.04 cal g-1, respectively. The amino acid score (AAs) and biological protein value (213.43 mg g-1) indicated that C. racemosa presented a better protein quality. The most abundant fatty acids were C16:0 (palmitic acid: 63.27%), followed by C18:1 (oleic acid: 5.80%), and C18:2 ῳ6 (linoleic acid: 5.33%). The analysis of the ash content indicated that essential minerals and trace elements, such as Ca, Fe, and Mn, were present in the seaweed. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) observed in the ethyl acetate extract were 17.88 ± 0.78 mg GAE g-1 and 59.43 ± 2.45 mg QE g-1, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of C. racemosa demonstrated notable anti-diabetic activity in diabetic induced rats. The low (100 mg kg-1) and high (200 mg kg-1) doses of cultivated C. racemosa extract exhibited a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in blood glucose levels while preventing weight loss, reducing plasma AST, ALT levels as a sign of hepatoprotective effect and recording albumin levels similar to positive control in diabetic induced rats. The results support the usefulness of cultivated C. racemosa as a potential functional food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qudus B Aroyehun
- Nutrition and Dietetics Program, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Shariza Abdul Razak
- Nutrition and Dietetics Program, School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
| | - Kishneth Palaniveloo
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies Building, University of Malaya, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Thilahgavani Nagappan
- Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nur Suraiza Nabila Rahmah
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (N.S.N.R.); (G.W.J.)
| | - Gan Wee Jin
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (N.S.N.R.); (G.W.J.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (D.K.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jestin Chellian
- Department of Life Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (D.K.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Anil Philip Kunnath
- Division of Applied Biomedical Science and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tavares RS, Escada-Rebelo S, Sousa MI, Silva A, Ramalho-Santos J, Amaral S. Can Antidiabetic Drugs Improve Male Reproductive (Dys)Function Associated with Diabetes? Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:4191-4222. [PMID: 30381064 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181101111404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The alarming increase in the number of diabetic patients worldwide raises concerns regarding the impact of the disease on global health, not to mention on social and economic aspects. Furthermore, the association of this complex metabolic disorder with male reproductive impairment is worrying, mainly due to the increasing chances that young individuals, at the apex of their reproductive window, could be affected by the disease, further contributing to the disturbing decline in male fertility worldwide. The cornerstone of diabetes management is glycemic control, proven to be effective in avoiding, minimizing or preventing the appearance or development of disease-related complications. Nonetheless, the possible impact of these therapeutic interventions on male reproductive function is essentially unexplored. To address this issue, we have made a critical assessment of the literature on the effects of several antidiabetic drugs on male reproductive function. While the crucial role of insulin is clear, as shown by the recovery of reproductive impairments in insulin-deficient individuals after treatment, the same clearly does not apply to other antidiabetic strategies. In fact, there is an abundance of controversial reports, possibly related to the various study designs, experimental models and compounds used, which include biguanides, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones/glitazones, bile acid sequestrants, amylin mimetics, as well as sodiumglucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1), α-glucosidase inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors. These aspects constitute the focus of the current review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R S Tavares
- Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group, CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Escada-Rebelo
- Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group, CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - M I Sousa
- Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group, CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Silva
- Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group, CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - J Ramalho-Santos
- Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group, CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - S Amaral
- Biology of Reproduction and Stem Cell Group, CNC- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang X, Shan X, Dun Y, Cai C, Hao J, Li G, Cui K, Yu G. Anti-Metabolic Syndrome Effects of Fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus via Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Regulation of JNK, Akt, and AMPK Signaling. Molecules 2019; 24:E3319. [PMID: 31547311 PMCID: PMC6767115 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that dietary fiber improved metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the effects of fucoidans on MetS were still not clear. In this study, we evaluated the activity of fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus (FvF) on attenuating MetS and first elucidated the underlying mechanism. In vitro, FvF treatment remarkably lowered the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with the sodium palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance (IR) group. The phosphorylation level of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was significantly decreased, while phosphorylation of protein kinase B (pAkt) level increased, compared with that of the HepG2 cells treated with PA. Thus, FvF increased glucose consumption and relieved IR via ROS-mediated JNK and Akt signaling pathways. In addition, these changes were accompanied by the activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-ativated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream targets (e.g., HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1C)), which improved lipid metabolism in IR HepG2 cells. In vivo, FvF improved hyperglycemia and decreased serum insulin level in mice with MetS. Furthermore, we evaluated the inhibition of glucose transport by in vitro (Caco-2 monolayer model), semi-in vivo (everted gut sac model) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), which indicated that FvF could significantly reduce the absorption of glucose into the blood stream, thus it could improve blood-glucose levels and IR in mice with MetS. Moreover, FvF decreased serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and liver lipid accumulation, while increased the serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level in mice with MetS. Therefore, FvF could be considered as a potential candidate for the treatment of MetS by alleviating IR, inhibiting glucose transportation, and regulating lipid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Xindi Shan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Yunlou Dun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Chao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Jiejie Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Guoyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Kaiyun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Guangli Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yannasithinon S, Iamsaard S. Alterations of morphology and phosphorylated protein expression in the seminal vesicles of diabetic mice. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13406. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Supataechasit Yannasithinon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
- Mekong Health Science Research Institute Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Sitthichai Iamsaard
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
- Mekong Health Science Research Institute Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion (HHP&HP) Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nandini HS, Naik PR. Action of corilagin on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 299:186-193. [PMID: 30582900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the world's most common endocrine disease involving metabolic disorders of carbohydrate, protein and fat. This study was undertaken to investigate the anti-diabetic activity of corilagin, a member of polyphenolic tannins used against hyperglycemia and many other diseases in well-known animal models. Diabetes was induced chemically by intraperitoneal administration of Streptozotocin (40 mg/kg bw) to albino Wistar rats. Diabetic rats showed significant increase in the levels of fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and a significant decrease in the level of body weight, plasma insulin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, antioxidant activities, viz. superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione when compared to controls. However, after 30 days of oral administration of corilagin (10 and 20 mg/kg bw/day) to these diabetic rats evoked significant alterations in the above mentioned parameters. The effect of corilagin was compared with the standard drug, glibenclamide (0.1 mg/kg body weight/day). Thus, the present study suggests that the corilagin acts as a natural, effective therapeutic agent to regulate diabetes, by exhibiting antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant properties in STZ induced diabetic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H S Nandini
- Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Department of Studies in Zoology, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka (S), India.
| | - Prakash Ramachandra Naik
- Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Department of Studies in Zoology, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570006, Karnataka (S), India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Amer MG, Embaby AS, Karam RA, Amer MG. Role of adipose tissue derived stem cells differentiated into insulin producing cells in the treatment of type I diabetes mellitus. Gene 2018; 654:87-94. [PMID: 29452233 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Generation of new β cells is an important approach in the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM). Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) might be one of the best sources for cell replacement therapy for diabetes. Therefore, this work aimed to test the possible role of transplanted insulin-producing cells (IPCs) differentiated from ADSCs in treatment of streptozotocin (STZ) induced type I DM in rats. Type 1 DM was induced by single intra peritoneal injection with STZ (50 mg/kg BW). Half of the diabetic rats were left without treatment and the other half were injected with differentiated IPCs directly into the pancreas. ADSCs were harvested, cultured and identified by testing their phenotypes through flow cytometry. They were further subjected to differentiation into IPCs using differentiation medium. mRNA expression of pancreatic transcription factors (pdx1), insulin and glucose transporter-2 genes by real time PCR was done to detect the cellular differentiation and confirmed by stimulated insulin secretion. The pancreatic tissues from all groups were examined 2 months after IPC transplantation and were subjected to histological, Immunohistochemical and morphometric study. The differentiated IPCs showed significant expression of pancreatic β cell markers and insulin secretion in glucose dependent manner. Treatment with IPCs induced apparent regeneration, diffused proliferated islet cells and significant increase in C-peptide immune reaction. We concluded that transplantation of differentiated IPCs improved function and morphology of Islet cells in diabetic rats. Consequently, this therapy option may be a promising therapeutic approach to patient with type 1 DM if proven to be effective and safe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona G Amer
- Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt; Anatomy and histology department, College of medicine, Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza S Embaby
- Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Sueif University, Egypt
| | - Rehab A Karam
- Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Marwa G Amer
- Clinical pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pathological lesions and global DNA methylation in rat prostate under streptozotocin-induced diabetes and melatonin supplementation. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:470-487. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
10
|
Tavares RS, Escada-Rebelo S, Silva AF, Sousa MI, Ramalho-Santos J, Amaral S. Antidiabetic therapies and male reproductive function: where do we stand? Reproduction 2018; 155:R13-R37. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has been increasing at alarming rates in recent years, thus jeopardizing human health worldwide. Several antidiabetic drugs have been introduced in the market to manage glycemic levels, and proven effective in avoiding, minimizing or preventing the appearance or development of diabetes mellitus-related complications. However, and despite the established association between such pathology and male reproductive dysfunction, the influence of these therapeutic interventions on such topics have been scarcely explored. Importantly, this pathology may contribute toward the global decline in male fertility, giving the increasing preponderance of diabetes mellitus in young men at their reproductive age. Therefore, it is mandatory that the reproductive health of diabetic individuals is maintained during the antidiabetic treatment. With this in mind, we have gathered the available information and made a critical analysis regarding the effects of several antidiabetic drugs on male reproductive function. Unlike insulin, which has a clear and fundamental role on male reproductive function, the other antidiabetic therapies' effects at this level seem incoherent. In fact, studies are highly controversial possibly due to the different experimental study approaches, which, in our opinion, suggests caution when it comes to prescribing such drugs to young diabetic patients. Overall, much is still to be determined and further studies are needed to clarify the safety of these antidiabetic strategies on male reproductive system. Aspects such as the effects of insulin levels variations, consequent of insulin therapy, as well as what will be the impact of the side effect hypoglycemia, common to several therapeutic strategies discussed, on the male reproductive system are still to be addressed.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ginger Ingredients Alleviate Diabetic Prostatic Complications: Effect on Oxidative Stress and Fibrosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:6090269. [PMID: 28904557 PMCID: PMC5585679 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6090269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostatic complications are common in patients with diabetes. This study investigated the effect of different ginger ingredients: zingerone, geraniol, and 6-gingerol on the prostate in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats by streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection (50 mg/kg), and the rats were left for 10 weeks to develop prostatic complications. In diabetic treated groups, rats received daily oral zingerone, geraniol, and 6-gingerol in doses of 20, 200, and 75 mg/kg, respectively, in the last 8 weeks. Treatment with the compounds caused changes in the ventral prostate of diabetic animals as indicated by the columnar ductal epithelium and dense secretions. There was an amelioration of oxidative stress as evidenced by the lowering of prostate malondialdehyde and elevating prostate oxidized to reduced glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratios by geraniol and 6-gingerol. None of the three ginger ingredients affected the hyperglycemia, reduction in body weight gain, and testosterone deficiency seen in diabetic animals. Interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 levels remained unchanged. However, zingerone and geraniol ameliorated the fibrosis in diabetic prostate through suppressing the elevated prostate transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) and collagen IV. Therefore, ginger ingredients could be beneficial in alleviating diabetic prostatic complications through suppressing oxidative stress and tissue fibrosis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Daneshgari F, Liu G, Hanna-Mitchell AT. Path of translational discovery of urological complications of obesity and diabetes. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F887-F896. [PMID: 28052873 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00489.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a prevalent chronic disease. Type 1 DM (T1DM) is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia in the context of absolute lack of insulin, whereas type 2 DM (T2DM) is due to insulin resistance-related relative insulin deficiency. In comparison with T1DM, T2DM is more complex. The natural history of T2DM in most patients typically involves a course of obesity to impaired glucose tolerance, to insulin resistance, to hyperinsulinemia, to hyperglycemia, and finally to insulin deficiency. Obesity is a risk factor of T2DM. Diabetes causes some serious microvascular and macrovascular complications, such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, angiopathy and stroke. Urological complications of obesity and diabetes (UCOD) affect quality of life, but are not well investigated. The urological complications in T1DM and T2DM are different. In addition, obesity itself affects the lower urinary tract. The aim of this perspective is to review the available data, combined with the experience of our research teams, who have spent a good part of last decade on studies of association between DM and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) with the aim of bringing more focus to the future scientific exploration of UCOD. We focus on the most commonly seen urological complications, urinary incontinence, bladder dysfunction, and LUTS, in obesity and diabetes. Knowledge of these associations will lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology underlying UCOD and hopefully assist urologists in the clinical management of obese or diabetic patients with LUTS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firouz Daneshgari
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Guiming Liu
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ann T Hanna-Mitchell
- Department of Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kavitha K, Reddy AG, Reddy KK, Kumar CSVS, Boobalan G, Jayakanth K. Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of pioglitazone, insulin and synbiotic in diabetic rats. Vet World 2016; 9:118-22. [PMID: 27051195 PMCID: PMC4819359 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.118-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The objective of the study was to assess the effect of combination treatment of insulin, pioglitazone and synbiotic on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes mellitus was induced chemically by intraperitoneal administration of STZ (40 mg/kg b.wt) to male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were divided randomly into six groups of six rats in each. Group 1 was maintained as a normal control. Group 2 was maintained as diabetic control; Group 3 was treated with insulin; Group 4 with insulin + synbiotic; Group 5 with insulin + pioglitazone; and Group 6 with insulin + synbiotic + pioglitazone. All the animals were treated for 60 days. RESULTS Body weights, and concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH), and high-density lipoproteins cholesterol were significantly (p<0.05) reduced, whereas the concentration of blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, protein carbonyls and thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, and the activity of GSH peroxidase were significantly (p<0.05) elevated in Group 2 at the end of 8(th) week as compared to Group 1. The treatment Groups 3, 4, 5 and 6 revealed improvement in all the parameters, and the highest improvement was observed in combination Group 6. CONCLUSION From this study, it is concluded that combination of insulin, pioglitazone and synbiotic is useful in treating diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Kavitha
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
| | - A Gopala Reddy
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
| | - K Kondal Reddy
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary Science, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
| | - C S V Satish Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
| | - G Boobalan
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
| | - K Jayakanth
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Hyderabad - 500 030, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gobbo MG, Dizeyi N, Abrahamsson PA, Bertilsson PA, Masitéli VS, Pytlowanciv EZ, Taboga SR, Góes RM. Influence of Melatonin on the Proliferative and Apoptotic Responses of the Prostate under Normal and Hyperglycemic Conditions. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:538529. [PMID: 26295055 PMCID: PMC4534615 DOI: 10.1155/2015/538529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The antitumor properties of melatonin (MLT) are known for prostate cancer cells. This study investigated whether MLT affects prostate maturation and interferes with tissue injuries induced by diabetes. MLT was administered to Wistar rats from 5 weeks of age in the drinking water (10 μg/kg b.w.), and diabetes was induced at the 13th week by streptozotocin (4.5 mg/100g b.w., i.p.). The animals were euthanized in the 14th and 21st weeks. MLT reduced the immunostained cells for androgen receptor (AR) by 10% in younger rats. Diabetes decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. MLT treatment impeded apoptosis (p = 0.02) and augmented proliferation (p = 0.0008) and PCNA content in prostate following long-term diabetes due to restoration of testosterone levels and expression of melatonin receptor type 1B. The effect of MLT (500 µM, 5 mM, and 10 mM) on androgen-dependent (22Rv1) and androgen-independent (PC3) cancer cells and human prostate epithelial cells (PNTA1) under normal and hyperglycemic conditions (HG, 450 mg/dL) was analyzed. Contrary to PNTA1 and 22Rv1 cells, MLT improved the proliferation of PC3 cells in hyperglycemic medium. The combined data indicated that MLT had proliferative and antiapoptotic effects in prostate cells subjected to HG levels and it seems to involve specific MLT pathways rather than AR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina G. Gobbo
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Avenue Bertrand Russel, 6109 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nishtman Dizeyi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Urological Research, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Abrahamsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Urological Research, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per-Anders Bertilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Urological Research, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Viviane Sanches Masitéli
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Zanin Pytlowanciv
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, Avenue Bertrand Russel, 6109 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R. Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rejane M. Góes
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
A protective role of arecoline hydrobromide in experimentally induced male diabetic rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:136738. [PMID: 25695047 PMCID: PMC4324734 DOI: 10.1155/2015/136738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objectives. Arecoline, the most potent and abundant alkaloid of betel nut, causes elevation of serum testosterone and androgen receptor expression in rat prostate, in addition to increase in serum insulin levels in rats, leading to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes-like conditions. This study investigated the role of arecoline on the reproductive status of experimentally induced type 1 diabetic rats. Methods. Changes in the cellular architecture were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Blood glucose, serum insulin, testosterone, FSH, and LH were assayed. Fructose content of the coagulating gland and sialic acid content of the seminal vesicles were also analyzed. Results. Arecoline treatment for 10 days at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight markedly facilitated β-cell regeneration and reversed testicular and sex accessory dysfunctions by increasing the levels of serum insulin and gonadotropins in type 1 diabetic rats. Critical genes related to β-cell regeneration, such as pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (pdx-1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT-2), were found to be activated by arecoline at the protein level. Conclusion. It can thus be suggested that arecoline is effective in ameliorating the detrimental effects caused by insulin deficiency on gonadal and male sex accessories in rats with type 1 diabetes.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kong Q, Liu K, Wu L, Wang L. Heme oxygenase-1 inhibits neuropathic pain in rats with diabetic mellitus. Neural Regen Res 2014; 7:2305-11. [PMID: 25538754 PMCID: PMC4268733 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.29.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A diabetes mellitus model was established through single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin into rats. Seven days later, model rats were intraperitoneally administered zinc protoporphyrin, a heme oxygenase-1 inducer, and cobalt protoporphyrin, a heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor, once every two days, for 5 successive weeks. After administration, the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold of diabetic mellitus rats significantly decreased, the myelin sheath of the sciatic nerve thickened or showed vacuole defects, the number of spinal dorsal horn neurons reduced, some neurons degenerated and were necrotic, and heme oxygenase-1 was visible in the cytoplasm of spinal dorsal horn neurons. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling demonstrated that the number of apoptotic neurons increased, which could be inhibited by cobalt protoporphyrin, however, zinc protoporphyrin led to an opposite effect. Our experimental findings indicate that heme oxygenase-1 attenuates neuropathic pain in diabetic mellitus rats through amelioration of peripheral neuropathy and inhibition of spinal dorsal horn neuron apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Kong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lingxi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Santos SAA, Rinaldi JC, Martins AE, Camargo ACL, Leonelli C, Delella FK, Felisbino SL, Justulin LA. Impact of gestational diabetes and lactational insulin replacement on structure and secretory function of offspring rat ventral prostate. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2014; 206:60-71. [PMID: 24983773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and experimental studies have shown that exposure to adverse conditions during the critical stages of embryonic, fetal or neonatal development lead to a significantly increased risk of later disease. Diabetes during pregnancy has been linked to increased risk of obesity and diabetes in offspring. Here, we investigated whether mild gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) followed or not by maternal insulin replacement affects the ventral prostate (VP) structure and function in male offspring at puberty and adulthood. Pregnant rats were divided into the following 3 groups: control (CT); streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes (D); and D plus insulin replacement during lactation (GDI). The male offspring from different groups were euthanized at postnatal day (PND) 60 and 120. Biometrical parameters, hormonal levels and prostates were evaluated. Mild-GDM promoted reduction in the glandular parenchyma and increased collagen deposition. Insulin replacement during lactation restored the VP morphology. Most importantly, mild-GDM decreased the androgen-induced secretory function as determined by prostatein expression, and insulin replacement reversed this effect. Our results demonstrated that mild GDM impairs VP parenchyma maturation, which is associated with an increase in the fibromuscular stroma compartment. Functionally, the reduction in the VP parenchyma decreases the glandular secretory activity as demonstrated by low expression of prostatein, a potent immunosuppressor factor that protects sperm from immunologic damage into the feminine reproductive tract. This change could lead to impairment of reproductive function in male offspring from diabetic mothers. Maternal insulin replacement during the weaning period apparently restores the prostate function in male offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio A A Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline C Rinaldi
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda E Martins
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C L Camargo
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carina Leonelli
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia K Delella
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Sérgio L Felisbino
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis A Justulin
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mohamed J, Wen HK, Idris MHM, Zainalabidin S, Budin SB. Reduced red blood cell membrane damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats supplemented with roselle (UKMR-2) calyx extract. Pak J Biol Sci 2014; 17:682-688. [PMID: 26031001 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2014.682.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of roselle on the membrane composition of red blood cells. A total of 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats (230-250 g) were divided randomly into four groups. Diabetic rats were induced streptozotocin (45 mg kg(-1), i.v). The normal and diabetes groups were administrated with distilled water. The other normal and diabetes group were administrated with roselle aqueous extracts (100 mg kg(-1)). After 28 days, the blood was drawn by sinus orbital for biochemical tests including membrane total protein, cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine and morphology of red blood cells was carried out through light microscope. In diabetic rats, the result showed the weight of rat, membrane total protein and Phosphatidylcholine (PCh) were significantly lower (p<0.05), while blood glucose and membrane cholesterol showed significantly higher (p<0.05) than control rats. In diabetic rats demonstrated with roselle, the result showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in weight and blood glucose compared to diabetic rats. The membrane total protein and PCh were significantly higher (p<0.05) than diabetic rats, whereas membrane cholesterol was significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to diabetic rats. The observation red blood cells morphology that showed echinocytes, schistocytes and Heinz body in diabetic rats was caused by oxidative stress damage. The morphology of red blood cells in diabetic rats supplemented with roselle is normal. Aqueous extract of roselle showed potential protective effects on membrane composition of damaged red blood cells.
Collapse
|
19
|
Effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus on the cerebellar cortex of adult male albino rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ehx.0000424090.98199.b8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
20
|
Diabetes causes multiple genetic alterations and downregulates expression of DNA repair genes in the prostate. J Transl Med 2011; 91:1363-74. [PMID: 21647090 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2011.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular impact of diabetes mellitus on prostate gland has not been elucidated. In this study, we performed a whole-genome cDNA microarray analysis using a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model to identify the effects of diabetes on the gene expression profiles in prostate. Our study shows that diabetes causes changes in the expression of multiple genes, particularly those related to cell proliferation and differentiation, oxidative stress, DNA damage repair, cell cycle checkpoints, angiogenesis and apoptosis. These findings were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining using rat and human prostate tissue. We also used a cell culture model (human normal prostatic RWPE-1 cell line) to study the direct effect of high glucose. We found that high glucose caused increased intracellular oxidative stress and DNA damage, as well as downregulation of anti-oxidative enzymes and DNA damage repair genes MRE11 and XRCC3. Our findings provide important insights into understanding the pathogenesis of the diabetes-induced changes in prostate as well as identifying potential therapeutic targets for future studies.
Collapse
|
21
|
Fernandes GSA, Fernandez CDB, Campos KE, Damasceno DC, Anselmo-Franci JA, Kempinas WDG. Vitamin C partially attenuates male reproductive deficits in hyperglycemic rats. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2011; 9:100. [PMID: 21794102 PMCID: PMC3199757 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia can impair the male reproductive system in experimental animals and in men during reproductive age. Studies have shown that vitamin C has some good effects on male reproductive system, and therefore vitamin C treatment could attenuate the dysfunctions in this system caused by hyperglycemia. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate whether vitamin C treatment could attenuate reproductive dysfunctions in hyperglycemic male rats. METHODS Adult male rats were divided into 3 groups: a normoglycemic (n = 10) and two hyperglycemic (that received a single dose of streptozotocin - 40 mg/kg BW). The two last groups (n = 10 per group) were divided into: hyperglycemic control (Hy) and hyperglycemic + 150 mg of vitamin C (HyC), by gavage during 30 consecutive days. The normoglycemic and hyperglycemic control groups received the vehicle (water). The first day after the treatment, the rats were anesthetized and killed to evaluate oxidative stress biomarkers (TBARS, SOD, GSHt and GSH-Px) in the erythrocytes, body and reproductive organ weights, sperm parameters, plasma hormone levels (FSH, LH and testosterone), testicular and epididymal histo-morphometry and histopathology. RESULTS Compared with the normoglycemic animals, hyperglycemic control rats showed reduced weight of the body and reproductive organ but testis weight was maintained. It was also observed reduction of testosterone and LH levels, seminiferous tubular diameter, sperm motility and sperm counts in the epididymis. In addition, there was an increase in morphological abnormalities on spermatozoa as well as in oxidative stress level. Vitamin C reduced the oxidative stress level, diminished the number of abnormal sperm, and increased testosterone and LH levels and seminiferous tubular diameter but did not show improvement of sperm motility in relation to the hyperglycemic control group. Hyperglycemia caused a rearrangement in the epididymal tissue components (stroma, ephitelium and lumen) as demonstrated by the stereological analysis results. However, this alteration was partially prevented by vitamin C treatment. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that vitamin C partially attenuated some male reproductive system dysfunctions in hyperglycemic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Glaura SA Fernandes
- Graduate Program in Cell and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla DB Fernandez
- Graduate Program in Cell and Structural Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Kleber E Campos
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora C Damasceno
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Janete A Anselmo-Franci
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilma DG Kempinas
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Fernandes GS, Gerardin DC, Assumpção TA, Campos KE, Damasceno DC, Pereira OC, Kempinas WD. Can vitamins C and E restore the androgen level and hypersensitivity of the vas deferens in hyperglycemic rats? Pharmacol Rep 2011; 63:983-91. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
23
|
Porto EM, Santos SADAD, Ribeiro LM, Lacorte LM, Rinaldi JC, Justulin LA, Felisbino SL. Lobe variation effects of experimental diabetes and insulin replacement on rat prostate. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 74:1040-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
24
|
Zhao L, Liu X, Xie L, Gao H, Lin D. 1H NMR-based metabonomic analysis of metabolic changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. ANAL SCI 2011; 26:1277-82. [PMID: 21157097 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.26.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and ketosis. To access the biochemical process of diabetes, we applied quantitative (1)H NMR-based metabonomics to analyze urine, serum, and liver extracts from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Principle component analysis (PCA) of (1)H NMR spectra disclosed metabolic pattern differences between diabetic and control rats, and identified the related metabolic changes. The PCA scores plot demonstrated that the diabetic group could be distinguished from the control group, indicating that the metabolic characteristics of the two groups were markedly different. Our work reveals the accumulation of triglycerides, fatty acids and acetoacetate in diabetic rats, and may provide an efficient, convenient way for evaluating the pathological state and biochemical process of diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangcai Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vikram A, Kushwaha S, Jena GB. Relative influence of testosterone and insulin in the regulation of prostatic cell proliferation and growth. Steroids 2011; 76:416-23. [PMID: 21215763 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostatic hyperplasia is a common problem of the aged men population. Recent experimental and clinical studies provide sufficient evidence that apart from androgens, insulin also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of prostatic hyperplasia. The present study was aimed to investigate the relative influence of testosterone and insulin on the cellular proliferation and prostatic growth. Effect of testosterone on the prostate of hypoinsulinemic, and glandular injection of insulin-receptor antagonist S961 on the prostate of castrated Sprague-Dawley rat (220±10 g) was examined. Significant decrease in the weight of the ventral prostate was observed in the streptozotocin-induced hypoinsulinemic rats (~6 fold), which is restored by the intervention of testosterone. Although, glandular injection of S961 did not led to any change in the frequency of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells in normal rats, significant decrease was observed in the castrated rats. Castration led to increase in the frequency of the caspase-3 and the TUNEL positive cells in the ventral prostate. Further, long-term (6 weeks) administration of S961 induced significant decrease in the weight of the ventral prostate. Results of the present study provide that both testosterone and insulin promote prostatic cell proliferation and change in the level of either of the hormone results in the destabilization of cellular equilibrium, and modulation of the insulin-receptor signaling in the prostate may provide an alternative strategy for the treatment of prostatic enlargement. Further, studies are required to better understand the interplay between these hormones in the regulation of prostatic growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Vikram
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vikram A, Jena G. Role of insulin and testosterone in prostatic growth: who is doing what? Med Hypotheses 2010; 76:474-8. [PMID: 21159446 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated increased incidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia in insulin-resistant individuals. In addition to androgens, prostatic growth is sensitive to the peptide growth factors including insulin. Experimental studies employing intervention of selective β-cell toxin streptozotocin and castration suggest that depletion of either insulin or testosterone results in the severe prostatic atrophy (>80%). Exogenous testosterone and diet-induced experimental hyperinsulinemia induces prostatic enlargement in rats. Further, hyperinsulinemia sensitizes prostate towards the growth promoting effect of testosterone, and testosterone augments prostatic growth even in the hypoinsulinemic rats. However, in castrated rats diet-induced hyperinsulinemia fails to promote prostatic growth. Based on these evidences it is hypothesized that in the presence of testosterone insulin plays an important role in the prostatic growth. The epidemiological reports witnessing increased incidences of prostatic enlargement in men with metabolic syndrome, which are known to have increased level of insulin, provides a validating clue to the hypothesis. Further, the hypothesis suggests that targeting insulin signaling pathway could be a new objective for the treatment of prostatic enlargement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Vikram
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Pinto LC, Fávaro WJ, Cagnon VHA. Proliferative, structural and molecular features of the Mdx mouse prostate. Int J Exp Pathol 2010; 91:408-19. [PMID: 20618884 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2010.00722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prostate is fundamental to the male reproductive process, and the stroma-epithelium interaction has an important role in prostate maintenance. Studies suggest that dystroglycan (DG) plays a role in cancer development in various organs. Thus, the aims of this work were to characterize morphological and proliferative features of the prostatic stroma and epithelium of mdx mice; to verify the immunolocalization of the α and β DG, IGF-1 and laminin α3 receptors; and to relate those structural and molecular events to prostate pathogenesis and to verify the viability of this experimental model in prostate studies. Thirty male mice (mdx and C57BL10/Uni) were divided into control and mdx groups. Samples from the ventral prostate were collected for immunological, Western Blotting, transmission electron microscopy and morphometric analyses. Oestradiol and testosterone measurements were verified. The results showed diminished testosterone and increased oestradiol levels in the mdx group. Atrophied cells and hypertrophied stroma were seen in the mdx mice. Weak α and β DG and laminin α3 immunolocalization was demonstrated in the mdx group. Intense insulin-like growth factor receptor α-1 (IGFRα-1) localization was identified in the mdx animals. Thus, mdx animals showed changes in molecular and structural integrity and proliferation signals, leading to glandular homoeostasis imbalance, and compromise of prostate function. Also, the steroid hormone imbalance and the increased IGF-1 receptor level detected in mdx mice could be considered as a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of prostatic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Pinto
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, Physiology and Biophysic, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity. Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2010; 17:293-312. [PMID: 20418721 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e328339f31e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
29
|
Cagnon VHA, Quitete VHAC, Fávaro WJ. Dystroglycan patterns on the prostate of non-obese diabetic mice submitted to glycaemic control. Int J Exp Pathol 2009; 90:156-65. [PMID: 19335554 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2008.00624.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycan (DG) is an adhesion protein which plays a crucial role in the maintenance of tissue integrity. Diabetes has been pointed out as a disease which causes harmful effects on prostate function. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to verify DG distribution and structure features in diabetic mice with and without glycaemic control and to relate these parameters to prostate pathogenesis. Thirty mice (Nod and BALB/c) were divided into three groups after 20 days of diabetic state: the control group received a 5 ml/kg dose of physiological saline daily for 20 days; the diabetic group had the same treatment as the control group; the diabetic-insulin group received 4-5 IU doses of Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin daily for 20 days. After 20 days of treatment, all animals were killed and samples from the ventral prostate were processed for immunological and light microscopy analyses. The results showed diminished beta- and alpha-DG receptors in the diabetic group. However, there was a recovery of both beta-and alpha-DG receptor immunolocalization after insulin administration. Epithelial and stromal morphological changes were verified in the diabetic group, which also presented recovery after insulin treatment. Thus, it could be concluded that diabetes disturbed prostate structure integrity and altered the occurrence of alpha and beta-DG receptors, indicating decreased cell-matrix extracellular and cell-basal membrane attachment. However, insulin treatment could partially restore glandular homeostasis. The decrease in epithelial-stromal interaction certainly predisposes this gland in diabetic mice to be a prostate disease target.
Collapse
|