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He MT, Nguyen QN, Cho EJ, Kim SH, Park S, Park JY, Lee S, Kang KS. Aloe-Emodin Isolated from Rheum Undulatum L. Regulates Cell Cycle Distribution and Cellular Senescence in Human Prostate Cancer LNCaP Cells. J Diet Suppl 2023; 21:389-407. [PMID: 38062982 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2023.2284985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Senescence can promote hyperplastic pathologies, such as cancer. Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer in men. The p21-mediate cellular senescence, facilitated through the tumor suppressor p53-dependent pathway, is considered the primary mechanism for cancer treatment. Aloe-emodin, has been reported to exert anticancer effects in various types of cancers. This study aimed to investigate the bioactivity of aloe-emodin in LNCaP cells via the activation of p21-mediated cellular senescence. Aloe-emodin treatment increased the percentage of cells in the G1 phase while decreasing the percentage in the S phase. This effect was reflected in the expression levels of proteins associated with cell cycle progression, such as p21CIP, retinoblastoma protein, and cyclin-dependent kinase2/4 in LNCaP cells. However, aloe-emodin-treated LNCaP cells did not induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M checkpoint. Moreover, increased senescence-associated-galactosidase activity was observed in a dose-dependent manner following treatment with aloe-emodin. Aloe-emodin also induced DNA damage by modulating the expression of histone H2AX and lamin B1. Furthermore, aloe-emodin inhibited the proliferation of LNCaP cells, contrasting with the exponential growth observed in the nontreated cells. Importantly, this inhibition did not impact the immune system, as evidenced by the increased proliferation of splenocytes isolated from mice. These findings provide preliminary evidence of the anticancer effect of aloe-emodin in LNCaP cells, necessitating further investigations into the underlying mechanisms in vivo and human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Tong He
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Quynh Nhu Nguyen
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - SeonJu Park
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Jun Yeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sullim Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Bio-Nano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
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2
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Kotha S, Solanke BU. Construction of Unusual Amino Acid derivatives and Bis‐Fused Oxacycles via Ring‐Closing Metathesis. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology–Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
| | - Balaji U. Solanke
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology–Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India
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3
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Mao Z, Huang A, Ma L, Zhang M. Visible light enabled [4+2] annulation reactions for anthracenone-furans from 2,3-dibromonaphthoquinone and phenylbenzofurans. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38235-38238. [PMID: 35498062 PMCID: PMC9044024 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07314a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile visible light promoted approach to anthracenone-furans from readily available 2,3-dibromonaphthoquinones and phenylbenzofurans via a formal Diels Alder reaction is reported. This reaction involves wavelength-selective agitation of 4CzIPN, energy transfer to quinones, recombination of 1,6-biradicals and elimination to give anthracenone-furans in good to excellent yields in one pot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning Guangxi 530004 China
| | - Aimin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning Guangxi 530004 China
| | - Lin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning Guangxi 530004 China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University Nanning Guangxi 530004 China
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4
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Malik MS, Alsantali RI, Jassas RS, Alsimaree AA, Syed R, Alsharif MA, Kalpana K, Morad M, Althagafi II, Ahmed SA. Journey of anthraquinones as anticancer agents - a systematic review of recent literature. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35806-35827. [PMID: 35492773 PMCID: PMC9043427 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05686g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthraquinones are privileged chemical scaffolds that have been used for centuries in various therapeutic applications. The anthraquinone moiety forms the core of various anticancer agents. However, the emergence of drug-resistant cancers warrants the development of new anticancer agents. The research endeavours towards new anthraquinone-based compounds are increasing rapidly in recent years. They are used as a core chemical template to achieve structural modifications, resulting in the development of new anthraquinone-based compounds as promising anticancer agents. Mechanistically, most of the anthraquinone-based compounds inhibit cancer progression by targeting essential cellular proteins. Herein, we review new anthraquinone analogues that have been developed in recent years as anticancer agents. This includes a systematic review of the recent literature (2005-2021) on anthraquinone-based compounds in cell-based models and key target proteins such as kinases, topoisomerases, telomerases, matrix metalloproteinases and G-quadruplexes involved in the viability of cancer cells. In addition to this, the developments in PEG-based delivery of anthraquinones and the toxicity aspects of anthraquinone derivatives are also discussed. The review dispenses a compact background knowledge to understanding anthraquinones for future research on the expansion of anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shaheer Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem I Alsantali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University P. O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabab S Jassas
- Department of Chemistry, Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University 21955 Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alsimaree
- Department of Basic Science (Chemistry), College of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University Afif Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyaz Syed
- Centalla Discovery, JHUB, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad Kukatpally Hyderabad 500085 India
| | - Meshari A Alsharif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Kulkarni Kalpana
- Department of Humanities and Sciences (Chemistry), Gokaraju Rangaraju Institute of Engineering and Technology Bachupally Hyderabad 500090 India
| | - Moataz Morad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail I Althagafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
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5
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Pan Q, Wang L, Liu Y, Li M, Zhang Y, Peng W, Deng T, Peng ML, Jiang JQ, Tang J, Wang J, Duan HX, Fan SS. Knockdown of POLQ interferes the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma through regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:482. [PMID: 34517891 PMCID: PMC8436534 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA Polymerase Theta (POLQ) is a DNA polymerase involved in error-prone translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) and error-prone repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), whose function in hepatocellular carcinoma has not been investigated. Methods In the present study, both the data collected from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and our group’s results showed higher POLQ expression in HCC tissues than the para-cancerous tissues, which was associated with higher malignancy and poor prognosis. POLQ knockdown HCC cell model (shPOLQ) was constructed along with the corresponding negative control (shCtrl) through lentivirus infection for loss-of-function study. Results We found that, upon knockdown of POLQ, the proliferation and migration of HCC cells decreased and apoptosis percentage increased. Moreover, the percentage of cells in G2 phase significantly increased in shPOLQ group compared with shCtrl group. Xenografts in mice grafted with shPOLQ cells grew much slower than that transplanted with shCtrl cells, and expressed lower Ki67 level. Furthermore, an apoptosis-related signaling array was used to explore the involvement of downstream signaling pathways, suggesting the enhanced phosphorylation of HSP27 and JNK, and the de-activation of mTOR, PRAS40, ERK1/2 and STAT3 pathways. Conclusions Collectively, our study revealed that POLQ may participate in the development of HCC, depletion of which may be a promising treatment strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Department of Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Min Li
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Tan Deng
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Mei-Ling Peng
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jin-Qiong Jiang
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jiao Tang
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Hua-Xin Duan
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
| | - Sha-Sha Fan
- Oncology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
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6
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Manirakiza A, Irakoze L, Manirakiza S. Aloe and its Effects on Cancer: A Narrative Literature Review. East Afr Health Res J 2021; 5:1-16. [PMID: 34308239 PMCID: PMC8291210 DOI: 10.24248/eahrj.v5i1.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many years ago, Aloe Vera was cited to have a lot of therapeutic properties including; anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin protection, wound healing, and regulation of blood glucose and cholesterol. However, Aloe could present some side effects. This review focused on the latest discoveries regarding the therapeutic role of Aloe plant or its compounds on the acquired biological capabilities for tumour growth and progression namely; evading growth suppressor, avoiding immune destruction, enabling replicative immortality, tumour promoting inflammation, activating invasion and metastasis, inducing angiogenesis, genome instability and mutation, resisting cell death, deregulating cellular energetics and sustaining proliferating signalling. It clarified the anti-cancer activities it exerts on different types of cancer and also highlighted some pro-oncogenic pathways that can be disrupted by different compounds of Aloe.
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7
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Lin S, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhang S, Li Y, Fan Y, Li D, Li S, Bai Y. Preparation of novel anthraquinone-based aspirin derivatives with anti-cancer activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 900:174020. [PMID: 33741381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common and deadly cancers among men and women and is the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Thus, discovering and developing novel therapeutics for gastric cancer has become a global priority. In this study, we synthesized two novel anthraquinone-based aspirin derivatives, Asp-X3 and Asp-X3-CH3, with therapeutic potential for gastric cancer. The structures of the two compounds were determined by 1D, 2D-NMR, and High-Resolution Mass (HRSM). Asp-X3 and Asp-X3-CH3 could inhibit the growth of gastric cancer cells (SGC7901), yielding IC50 values 10-fold lower than that of Aspirin. Asp-X3 and Asp-X3-CH3 were less toxic to gastric mucosal cells, yielding IC50 values that were about 2-fold higher than the corresponding IC50 values determined with SGC7901 cells. Asp-X3-CH3 and Asp-X3 also induced SGC7901 cells to undergo apoptosis, yielding apoptotic rates that were about twice the rate induced by Aspirin. Asp-X3-CH3 did not cause significant loss of COX-1 expression in gastric mucosal cells, whereas Asp-X3 and Aspirin both caused significant loss of COX-1 expression as demonstrated by Western blot, consistent with their effects on the content of PGE2 in these cells as determined by ELISA assay. However, both Asp-X3-CH3 and Asp-X3 exerted a similar effect on the level of COX-2 in gastric cancer cells, causing as much as 90% and 95% reduction in COX-2 expression, respectively. Taken together, the results suggested that Asp-X3-CH3 and Asp-X3 were potentially better agents than Aspirin for the inhibition of gastric cancer cell growth, but Asp-X3-CH3 was more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Yuhua Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Yuhua Bai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Daqing Branch, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, 163319, China.
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8
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Li Y, Guo F, Chen T, Zhang L, Qin Y. Anthraquinone derivative C10 inhibits proliferation and cell cycle progression in colon cancer cells via the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 418:115481. [PMID: 33722666 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery, anthraquinone has become very valuable as a lead compound in the development of anti-cancer drugs. Previously, we designed and synthesized a new type of amide anthraquinone derivative (1-nitro-2-acylanthraquinone glycine, C10) with good activity against colon cancer. However, its effect and the underlying mechanism are unclear. In this study, C10 significantly inhibited the proliferation of HCT116 and HT29 colon cancer cells by blocking the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. C10 also plays a role in cell cycle arrest by reducing the protein and gene expression levels of cyclin B1 and its downstream signaling molecule cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK1). In addition, molecular docking studies showed that C10 has high affinity for Jak2, the first target in the cell cycle-related Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, C10 downregulated the expression of Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway-related signaling molecules proteins and genes, and up-regulated the expression of PIAS-3, the upstream signaling molecule of Stat3, thereby down-regulating Stat3 phosphorylation. C10 reversed the expression of Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway-related molecules activated by IL-6. Overall, our results indicate for the first time that C10 induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits cell proliferation by inhibiting the Jak2/Stat3 signaling pathway. This study provides new insights into the potential role of Jak2/Stat3 in the regulating cell cycle-related signaling pathways that mediate the inhibitory effects of C10 on colon cancer cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Fang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Tinggui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Liwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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9
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Li YN, Ning N, Song L, Geng Y, Fan JT, Ma CY, Jiang HZ. Derivatives of Deoxypodophyllotoxin Induce Apoptosis through Bcl-2/Bax Proteins Expression. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:611-620. [PMID: 32748757 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620999200730160952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deoxypodophyllotoxin, isolated from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Anthriscus sylvestris, is well-known because of its significant anti-tumor activity with strong toxicity in vitro and in vivo. OBJECTIVE In this article, a series of deoxypodophyllotoxin derivatives were synthesized and their anti-tumor effectiveness was evaluated. METHODS The anti-tumor activity of deoxypodophyllotoxin derivatives was investigated by the MTT assay method. Apoptosis percentage was measured by flow cytometer analysis using Annexin-V-FITC. RESULTS The derivatives revealed obvious cytotoxicity in the MTT assay by decreasing the number of late cancer cells. The decrease of Bcl-2/Bax could be observed in MCF-7, HepG2, HT-29, and MG-63 using Annexin V-FITC. The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the administration group was decreased, which was determined by the ELISA kit. CONCLUSION The derivatives of deoxypodophyllotoxin could induce apoptosis in tumor cell lines by influencing Bcl-2/Bax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Ni Ning
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Lei Song
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yun Geng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jun-Ting Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao-Ying Ma
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - He-Zhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
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10
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Anthraquinone: a promising scaffold for the discovery and development of therapeutic agents in cancer therapy. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:1037-1069. [PMID: 32349522 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer, characterized by uncontrolled malignant neoplasm, is a leading cause of death in both advanced and emerging countries. Although, ample drugs are accessible in the market to intervene with tumor progression, none are totally effective and safe. Natural anthraquinone (AQ) equivalents such as emodin, aloe-emodin, alchemix and many synthetic analogs extend their antitumor activity on different targets including telomerase, topoisomerases, kinases, matrix metalloproteinases, DNA and different phases of cell lines. Nano drug delivery strategies are advanced tools which deliver drugs into tumor cells with minimum drug leakage to normal cells. This review delineates the way AQ derivatives are binding on these targets by abolishing tumor cells to produce anticancer activity and purview of nanoformulations related to AQ analogs.
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11
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Liu H, Luo Q, Cui H, Deng H, Kuang P, Lu Y, Fang J, Zuo Z, Deng J, Li Y, Wang X, Zhao L. Sodium fluoride causes hepatocellular S-phase arrest by activating ATM-p53-p21 and ATR-Chk1-Cdc25A pathways in mice. Oncotarget 2017; 9:4318-4337. [PMID: 29435105 PMCID: PMC5796976 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, experimental pathology, flow cytometry (FCM), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blot (WB) were used to evaluate the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on hepatocellular cell cycle progression in mice. A total of 240 ICR mice were divided equally into four groups; the experimental groups received 12, 24, or 48 mg/kg NaF intragastrically for 42 days, while the control group received distilled water. Doses of NaF above 12 mg/kg increased the percentage of cells in S phase (S-phase arrest), reduced percentages of cells in G0/G1 or G2/M phase, and activated the ATM-p53-p21 and ATR-Chk1-Cdc25A pathways. Activation of these pathways was characterized by up-regulation of ATM, p53, p21, ATR, and Chk1 mRNA and protein expression, and down-regulation of Cdc25A, cyclin E, cyclin A, CDK2, CDK4, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) mRNA and protein expression. These results indicate that NaF caused S-phase arrest by activating the ATM-p53-p21 and ATR-Chk1-Cdc25A pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Kuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujiao Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinglun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agriculture University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, China
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12
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Nadali S, Aghapour G, Rafieepour Z. Efficient and selective iron-mediated reductive Claisen rearrangement of propargyloxyanthraquinones to anthrafurandiones in ionic liquids. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and rapid method is described for the reductive Claisen rearrangement of different propargyloxyanthraquinones to anthra[1,2-b]furan-6,11-diones for first time using iron powder in a mixture of two ionic liquids, namely 1-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [Hmim]BF4 and 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [Bzmim]Cl. The present method is able to execute single or double Claisen rearrangements of 1,4- or 1,5-bispropargyloxyanthraquinones selectively, so that the desired anthra(mono)furandiones or anthra(bis)furandiones are produced, respectively, as the major product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Nadali
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, 36715-364, Iran
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, 36715-364, Iran
| | - Ghasem Aghapour
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, 36715-364, Iran
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, 36715-364, Iran
| | - Zahra Rafieepour
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, 36715-364, Iran
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, 36715-364, Iran
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Freitas S, Martins R, Costa M, Leão PN, Vitorino R, Vasconcelos V, Urbatzka R. Hierridin B Isolated from a Marine Cyanobacterium Alters VDAC1, Mitochondrial Activity, and Cell Cycle Genes on HT-29 Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14090158. [PMID: 27589771 PMCID: PMC5039529 DOI: 10.3390/md14090158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hierridin B was isolated from a marine cyanobacterium Cyanobium sp. strain and induced cytotoxicity selectively in HT-29 adenocarcinoma cells. The underlying molecular mechanism was not yet elucidated. Methods: HT-29 cells were exposed to the IC50 concentration of hierridin B (100.2 μM) for 48 h. Non-targeted proteomics was performed using 2D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. The mRNA expression of apoptotic and cell cycle genes were analyzed by real-time PCR. Automated quantification of 160 cytoplasm and mitochondrial parameter was done by fluorescence microscopy using CellProfiler software. Results: Proteomics identified 21 significant different proteins, which belonged to protein folding/synthesis and cell structure amongst others. Increase of VDAC1 protein responsible for formation of mitochondrial channels was confirmed by mRNA expression. A 10-fold decrease of cytoskeleton proteins (STMN1, TBCA) provided a link to alterations of the cell cycle. CCNB1 and CCNE mRNA were decreased two-fold, and P21CIP increased 10-fold, indicative of cell cycle arrest. Morphological analysis of mitochondrial parameter confirmed a reduced mitochondrial activity. Conclusion: Hierridin B is a potential anticancer compound that targets mitochondrial activity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Freitas
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rosário Martins
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
- Health and Environmental Research Center (CISA), School of Apllied Health Sciences of Porto, Polytechnic Porto, Rua Valente Perfeito 322, 4400-330 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC), University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Margarida Costa
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Pedro N Leão
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Edifício FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ralph Urbatzka
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
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