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Zhang D, He X, Wang T, Xing Y, Xiu Z, Bao Y, Dong Y. Synergistic Effect of Flavonoids and Metformin on Protection of the Methylglyoxal-Induced Damage in PC-12 Neuroblastoma Cells: Structure-Activity Relationship and Potential Target. Molecules 2024; 29:2306. [PMID: 38792167 PMCID: PMC11124423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Methylglyoxal-induced ROS elevation is the primary cause of neuronal damage. Metformin is a traditional hypoglycemic drug that has been reported to be beneficial to the nervous system. In this study, flavonoids were found to enhance the protective effect of metformin when added at a molar concentration of 0.5%. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis indicated that ortho- substitution in the B ring, and the absence of double bonds between the 2 and 3 position combined with the gallate substitution with R configuration at the 3 position in the C ring played crucial roles in the synergistic effects, which could be beneficial for designing a combination of the compounds. Additionally, the mechanism study revealed that a typical flavonoid, EGCG, enhanced ROS scavenging and anti-apoptotic ability via the BCL2/Bax/Cyto C/Caspase-3 pathway, and synergistically inhibited the expression of GSK-3β, BACE-1, and APP in PC-12 cells when used in combination with metformin. The dose of metformin used in the combination was only 1/4 of the conventional dose when used alone. These results suggested that ROS-mediated apoptosis and the pathways related to amyloid plaques (Aβ) formation can be the targets for the synergistic neuroprotective effects of flavonoids and metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (D.Z.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (Y.B.)
| | - Xiaoshi He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (D.Z.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (Y.B.)
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050004, China;
| | - Yan Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (D.Z.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (Y.B.)
| | - Zhilong Xiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (D.Z.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yongming Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (D.Z.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (Y.B.)
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Yuesheng Dong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (D.Z.); (Y.X.); (Z.X.); (Y.B.)
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Lee FS, Nguyen UN, Munns EJ, Wachs RA. Identification of compounds that cause axonal dieback without cytotoxicity in dorsal root ganglia explants and intervertebral disc cells with potential to treat pain via denervation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300254. [PMID: 38696450 PMCID: PMC11065314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Low back pain, knee osteoarthritis, and cancer patients suffer from chronic pain. Aberrant nerve growth into intervertebral disc, knee, and tumors, are common pathologies that lead to these chronic pain conditions. Axonal dieback induced by capsaicin (Caps) denervation has been FDA-approved to treat painful neuropathies and knee osteoarthritis but with short-term efficacy and discomfort. Herein, we propose to evaluate pyridoxine (Pyr), vincristine sulfate (Vcr) and ionomycin (Imy) as axonal dieback compounds for denervation with potential to alleviate pain. Previous literature suggests Pyr, Vcr, and Imy can cause undesired axonal degeneration, but no previous work has evaluated axonal dieback and cytotoxicity on adult rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explants. Thus, we performed axonal dieback screening using adult rat DRG explants in vitro with Caps as a positive control and assessed cytotoxicity. Imy inhibited axonal outgrowth and slowed axonal dieback, while Pyr and Vcr at high concentrations produced significant reduction in axon length and robust axonal dieback within three days. DRGs treated with Caps, Vcr, or Imy had increased DRG cytotoxicity compared to matched controls, but overall cytotoxicity was minimal and at least 88% lower compared to lysed DRGs. Pyr did not lead to any DRG cytotoxicity. Further, neither Pyr nor Vcr triggered intervertebral disc cell death or affected cellular metabolic activity after three days of incubation in vitro. Overall, our findings suggest Pyr and Vcr are not toxic to DRGs and intervertebral disc cells, and there is potential for repurposing these compounds for axonal dieback compounds to cause local denervation and alleviate pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei San Lee
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska United States of America
| | - Uyen N. Nguyen
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska United States of America
| | - Eliza J. Munns
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Union College, Schenectady, New York, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Wachs
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska United States of America
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Jangra A, Verma M, Kumar D, Chandrika C, Rachamalla M, Dey A, Dua K, Jha SK, Ojha S, Alexiou A, Kumar D, Jha NK. Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress using Natural Products in Neurological Disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 141:104818. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Wang X, Fu Y, Botchway BOA, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Jin T, Liu X. Quercetin Can Improve Spinal Cord Injury by Regulating the mTOR Signaling Pathway. Front Neurol 2022; 13:905640. [PMID: 35669881 PMCID: PMC9163835 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.905640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of spinal cord injury (SCI) is complex. At present, there is no effective treatment for SCI, with most current interventions focused on improving the symptoms. Inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress caused by secondary SCI may instigate serious consequences in the event of SCI. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), as a key signaling molecule, participates in the regulation of inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy in several processes associated with SCI. Quercetin can reduce the loss of myelin sheath, enhance the ability of antioxidant stress, and promote axonal regeneration. Moreover, quercetin is also a significant player in regulating the mTOR signaling pathway that improves pathological alterations following neuronal injury. Herein, we review the therapeutic effects of quercetin in SCI through its modulation of the mTOR signaling pathway and elaborate on how it can be a potential interventional agent for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuke Fu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian Jin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
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Glutamine Maintains Satellite Glial Cells Growth and Survival in Culture. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:3635-3646. [PMID: 35522367 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Satellite glial cells (SGCs) tightly surround neurons and modulate sensory transmission in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). At present, the biological property of primary SGCs in culture deserves further investigation. To reveal the key factor for SGCs growth and survival, we examined the effects of different culture supplementations containing Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)/F12, DMEM high glucose (HG) or Neurobasal-A (NB). CCK-8 proliferation assay showed an increased proliferation of SGCs in DMEM/F12 and DMEM/HG, but not in NB medium. Bax, AnnexinV, and propidium iodide (PI) staining results showed that NB medium caused cell death and apoptosis. We showed that glutamine was over 2.5 mM in DMEM/F12 and DMEM/HG, whereas it was absence in NB medium. Interestingly, exogenous glutamine application significantly reversed the poor proliferation and cell death of SGCs in NB medium. These findings demonstrated that DMEM/F12 medium was optimal to get high-purity SGCs. Glutamine was the key molecule to maintain SGCs growth and survival in culture. Here, we provided a novel approach to get high-purity SGCs by changing the key component of culture medium. Our study shed a new light on understanding the biological property and modulation of glial cells of primary sensory ganglia.
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Oxidative Injury in Ischemic Stroke: A Focus on NADPH Oxidase 4. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1148874. [PMID: 35154560 PMCID: PMC8831073 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1148874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. Thus, it is urgent to explore its pathophysiological mechanisms and find new therapeutic strategies for its successful treatment. The relationship between oxidative stress and ischemic stroke is increasingly appreciated and attracting considerable attention. ROS serves as a source of oxidative stress. It is a byproduct of mitochondrial metabolism but primarily a functional product of NADPH oxidases (NOX) family members. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) is most closely related to the formation of ROS during ischemic stroke. Its expression is significantly upregulated after cerebral ischemia, making it a promising target for treating ischemic stroke. Several drugs targeting NOX4, such as SCM-198, Iso, G-Rb1, betulinic acid, and electroacupuncture, have shown efficacy as treatments of ischemic stroke. MTfp-NOX4 POC provides a novel insight for the treatment of stroke. Combinations of these therapies also provide new approaches for the therapy of ischemic stroke. In this review, we summarize the subcellular location, expression, and pathophysiological mechanisms of NOX4 in the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke. We also discuss the therapeutic strategies and related regulatory mechanisms for treating ischemic stroke. We further comment on the shortcomings of current NOX4-targeted therapy studies and the direction for improvement.
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Yao R, Ren L, Wang S, Zhang M, Yang K. Euxanthone inhibits traumatic spinal cord injury via anti-oxidative stress and suppression of p38 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in a rat model. Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:114-126. [PMID: 33777443 PMCID: PMC7969821 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2021-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to neurite promoting, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Euxanthone (Eux), the investigation was aimed to probe the neuroprotective efficacy of Eux against traumatic spinal cord injury (t-SCI) in rats and whether Eux can improve neuropathic function in t-SCI. METHOD Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized in - Sham, t-SCI, Eux30, and Eux60 (t-SCI + 30 and 60 mg/kg respectively). Animals with compression force-induced t-SCI were subjected to estimation of locomotor functions. Spinal cord water content and Evans blue (EB) effusion were determined for quantifying edema and intactness of the spinal cord. Oxidative stress and immunochemical markers were quantified by ELISA and western blotting. RESULTS Findings revealed that Eux60 group animals had greater Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) and (incline plane test) IPT score indicating improved locomotor functions. There was a reduction in the spinal edema and water content after Eux treatment, together with lowering of oxidative stress markers. The expression of IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β, caspase-3, RANKL, TLR4, NF-κB, p-38, PI3K, and Akt in spinal cord tissues of t-SCI-induced rats was lowered after Eux treatment. CONCLUSION Overall, the investigation advocates that Eux attenuates t-SCI and associated inflammation, oxidative damage, and resulting apoptosis via modulation of TLR4/NF-κB/p38 and PI3K/Akt signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubin Yao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali City, No. 32 Carlsberg Avenue, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Lirong Ren
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali City, No. 32 Carlsberg Avenue, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali City, No. 32 Carlsberg Avenue, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali City, No. 32 Carlsberg Avenue, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Kaishun Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali City, No. 32 Carlsberg Avenue, Yunnan, 671000, China
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Effect of Quercetin on PC12 Alzheimer's Disease Cell Model Induced by A β 25-35 and Its Mechanism Based on Sirtuin1/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:8210578. [PMID: 32420373 PMCID: PMC7201675 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8210578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study is aimed at studying the effect of quercetin on the Alzheimer disease cell model induced by Aβ25-35 in PC12 cells and its mechanism of action. Methods The AD cell model was established by Aβ25-35. Quercetin was used at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 μmol/L). The morphology of cells was observed, and the effect on cell survival rate was detected by the MTT method. Cell proliferation was detected by the SRB method. The contents of LDH, SOD, MDA, GSH-Px, AChE, CAT, and T-AOC were detected by kits. The expression of sirtuin1/Nrf2/HO-1 was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results PC12 cells in the control group grew quickly and adhered well to the wall, most of which had extended long axons and easily grew into clusters. In the model group, cells were significantly damaged and the number of cells was significantly reduced. It was found that PC12 cells were swollen, rounded, protruding, and retracting, with reduced adherent function and floating phenomenon. Quercetin could increase the survival rate and proliferation rate of PC12 cells; reduce the levels of LDH, AChE, MDA, and HO-1 protein; and increase the levels of SOD, GSH-Px, CAT, T-AOC, sirtuin1, and Nrf2 protein. Conclusion Quercetin can increase the survival rate of PC12 injured by Aβ25-35, promote cell proliferation, and antagonize the toxicity of Aβ; it also has certain neuroprotective effects. Therefore, quercetin is expected to become a drug for the treatment of AD.
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Piao CH, Kim TG, Bui TT, Song CH, Shin DU, Eom JE, Lee SY, Shin HS, Chai OH. Ethanol extract of Dryopteris crassirhizoma alleviates allergic inflammation via inhibition of Th2 response and mast cell activation in a murine model of allergic rhinitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 232:21-29. [PMID: 30502479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dryopteris crassirhizoma (DC) is used as a traditional herbal remedy to treat various diseases, the tapeworm infection, common cold, and cancer in Korea, Japan, and China. DC also has the antioxidant anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities. However, the anti-allergic inflammatory effect of DC and some of its mechanisms in allergic rhinitis model are unknown well. AIM OF THIS STUDY The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-allergic inflammatory effect of DC on the allergic rhinitis model, mast cell activation and histamine release. MATERIALS AND METHODS Allergic rhinitis was induced in BALB/c mice by sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin (OVA). Different concentration of DC and dexamethasone was administrated by oral gavage on 1 h before the OVA challenge. Mice of the control group were treated with saline only. Then mice were evaluated for the presence of nasal mucosa inflammation, the production of allergen-specific cytokine response and the histology of nasal mucosa. RESULTS DC significantly ameliorated the nasal symptoms and the inflammation of nasal mucosa. DC also reduced the infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells in these tissues and the release of histamine in blood. Meanwhile, DC evidently inhibited the overproduction of Th2 cytokines and increased the Th1 and Treg cytokines in nasal lavage fluid by OVA. DC also reduced the levels of OVA-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a in blood. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that DC has a significant anti-allergic inflammatory effect in the nasal cavity. DC may have the therapeutic effect of allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hua Piao
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Geum Kim
- Center for Jeongup Industry-Academy-Institute Cooperation, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Tho Bui
- Faculty of Biology & Environmental Science, University of Science and Education, The University of Dannang, Dannang 555940, Vietnam
| | - Chang Ho Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea; Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Shin
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Eom
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Lee
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea; Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Soon Shin
- Food Biotechnology Program, Korea University of Science and Technology Daejeon 34113 Republic of Korea; Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, 245, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ok Hee Chai
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea; Institute for Medical Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Moslehi A, Komeili-movahed T, Moslehi M. Antioxidant effects of amygdalin on tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in the mice liver: Cross talk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF REPORTS IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jrptps.jrptps_35_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Pandey VK, Mathur A, Kakkar P. Emerging role of Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) mediated proteotoxic apoptosis in diabetes. Life Sci 2018; 216:246-258. [PMID: 30471281 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a crucial single membrane organelle that acts as a quality control system for cellular proteins as it is intricately involved in their synthesis, folding and trafficking to the respective targets. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by enhanced blood glucose level that promotes insulin resistance and hampers cellular glucose metabolism. Hyperglycemia provokes mitochondrial ROS production and glycation of proteins which exert a tremendous load on ER for conventional refolding of misfolded/unfolded and nascent proteins that perturb ER homeostasis resulting in apoptotic cell death. Impairment in ER functions is suspected to be through specific ER membrane-bound proteins known as Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) sensor proteins. Conformational changes in these proteins induce oligomerization and cross-autophosphorylation which facilitate processes required for the restoration of ER homeostatic imbalance. Multiple studies have reported the involvement of UPR mediated autophagy and apoptotic pathways in the progression of metabolic disorders including diabetes, cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury and hypoxia-mediated cell death. In this review, the involvement of UPR pathways in the progression of diabetes associated complications have been addressed, which underscores molecular crosstalks during neuropathy, nephropathy, hepatic injury and retinopathy. A better understanding of these molecular interventions may reveal advanced therapeutic approaches for preventing diabetic comorbidities. The article also highlights the importance of phytochemicals that are emerging as novel ER stress inhibitors and are being explored for targeted interaction in preventing cell death responses during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Pandey
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, M.G Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alpana Mathur
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, M.G Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Kakkar
- Herbal Research Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan 31, M.G Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Chatterjee J, Langhnoja J, Pillai PP, Mustak MS. Neuroprotective effect of quercetin against radiation-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in neurons. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 33:e22242. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jit Chatterjee
- Department of Applied Zoology; Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri; Mangalore India
| | - Jaldeep Langhnoja
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Zoology; Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda; Pratapgunj, Vadodara, Gujarat India
| | - Prakash P Pillai
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Zoology; Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda; Pratapgunj, Vadodara, Gujarat India
| | - Mohammed S Mustak
- Department of Applied Zoology; Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri; Mangalore India
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Dymarska M, Janeczko T, Kostrzewa-Susłow E. Glycosylation of 3-Hydroxyflavone, 3-Methoxyflavone, Quercetin and Baicalein in Fungal Cultures of the Genus Isaria. Molecules 2018; 23:E2477. [PMID: 30262733 PMCID: PMC6222337 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are plant secondary metabolites with a broad spectrum of biological activities. In nature, they occur mainly in the form of glycosides, but their extraction is often difficult and expensive, as is chemical synthesis. We have shown that biotransformations are an excellent method for obtaining flavonoid glycosides. We are the first team to describe the use of Isaria microorganisms in biotransformations of flavonoid compounds. In the present study as biocatalysts, we used one strain of Isaria fumosorosea KCH J2 isolated from a spider carcass in green areas of Wroclaw and two strains of I. farinosa (J1.4 and J1.6) isolated from insects found in already unused mines in Lower Silesia. The substrates were 3-hydroxyflavone, 3-methoxyflavone, quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone), and baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone). For all the substrates that were used in this study, we obtained 4-O-methylglucopyranosides. In the case of substrates with a hydroxyl group in the third position, O-β-d-glucopyranosides were also formed. Isoquercetin that was obtained by biotransformation was used as a substrate to check the kinetics of the formation of flavonoid 4-O-methylglucopyranosides in I. fumosorosea KCH J2 culture. We did not observe the attachment of the methyl group to glucose unit in isoquercetin. Our finding suggest that the attachment of 4-O-methylglucopyranose occurs in one step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dymarska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Janeczko
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Edyta Kostrzewa-Susłow
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
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Ma C, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Chen X, Liu Z, Tian X. Isoquercetin ameliorates myocardial infarction through anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis factor and regulating TLR4-NF-κB signal pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018. [PMID: 29532872 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective mechanisms and identify the effects of isoquercetin on myocardial infarction in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Isoquercetin ameliorated myocardial infarct size, creatine kinase (CK), CK‑MB and lactic dehydrogenase activity and inhibited inflammation, oxidative stress and heart cell apoptosis in a rat with AMI. Isoquercetin increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase, reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase levels and suppressed the Toll-like receptor 4‑nuclear factor (TLR4‑NF)‑κB signaling pathway in a rat with AMI. Overall, isoquercetin ameliorated AMI through anti‑inflammatory and anti‑apoptotic factors, and regulation of the TLR4‑NF‑κB signaling pathway. Isoquercetin may therefore potentially exert a protective effect against AMI or other heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengtai Ma
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Zhenfang Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Xintao Tian
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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15
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Fu Q, Li C, Yu L. Gambogic acid inhibits spinal cord injury and inflammation through suppressing the p38 and Akt signaling pathways. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2026-2032. [PMID: 29138827 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamboge is the dry resin secreted by Garcinia hanburyi Hook.f, with the function of promoting blood circulation, detoxification, hemostasis and killing insects, used for the treatment of cancer, brain edema and other diseases. Gambogic acid is the main effective constituent of Gamboge. The present study investigated the protective effects of gambogic acid on spinal cord injury (SCI) and its anti‑inflammatory mechanism in an SCI model in vivo. Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) testing was used to detect the protective effects of gambogic acid on nerve function of SCI rats. The water content of the spinal cord was used to analyze the protective effects of gambogic acid on the damage of SCI. Treatment with gambogic acid effectively improved BBB scores and inhibited water content of the spinal cord in SCI rats. Also, gambogic acid significantly reduced inflammatory cytokines levels of [tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑6, IL‑12 and IL‑1β] and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and glutathione‑peroxidase) factors, and suppressed receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand, phosphorylated p38 protein expression and toll‑like receptor 4/nuclear factor‑κB pathway activation, and increased phosphatidylinositol 3‑kinase/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway activation in SCI rats. These results provide evidence that gambogic acid inhibits SCI and inflammation through suppressing the p38 and Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Chaojian Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hainan General Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Lehua Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
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16
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Cao H, Xu H, Zhu G, Liu S. Isoquercetin ameliorated hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced H9C2 cardiomyocyte apoptosis via a mitochondrial-dependent pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:938-943. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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17
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Zhong JT, Yu J, Wang HJ, Shi Y, Zhao TS, He BX, Qiao B, Feng ZW. Effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on the autophagy, apoptosis, and chemotherapy resistance of human breast cancer cells by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317697562. [PMID: 28459209 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317697562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, although chemotherapy is an established therapy for breast cancer, the molecular mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer remain poorly understood. This study aims to explore the effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress on autophagy, apoptosis, and chemotherapy resistance in human breast cancer cells by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to detect the cell viability of six human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, ZR-75-30, T47D, MDA-MB-435s, MDA-MB-453, and MDA-MB-231) treated with tunicamycin (5 µM), after which MCF-7 cells were selected for further experiment. Then, MCF-7 cells were divided into the control (without any treatment), tunicamycin (8 µ), BEZ235 (5 µ), and tunicamycin + BEZ235 groups. Cell viability of each group was testified by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Western blotting was applied to determine the expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins and autophagy- and apoptosis-related proteins. Monodansylcadaverine and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining were used for determination of cell autophagy and apoptosis. Furthermore, MCF-7 cells were divided into the control (without any treatment), tunicamycin (5 µM), cisplatin (16 µM), cisplatin (16 µM) + BEZ235 (5 µM), tunicamycin (5 µM) + cisplatin (16 µM), and tunicamycin (5 µM) + cisplatin (16 µM) + BEZ235 groups. Cell viability and apoptosis were also evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining. In MCF-7 cells treated with tunicamycin, cell viability decreased significantly, but PEAK, eIF2, and CHOP were upregulated markedly and p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-MTOR were downregulated in dose- and time-dependent manners. In the tunicamycin + BEZ235 group, the cell viability was lower and the apoptosis rate was higher than those of the control and monotherapy groups. Compared with the cisplatin group, the tunicamycin + cisplatin group showed a relatively higher growth inhibition rate; the growth inhibition rate substantially increased in the tunicamycin + cisplatin + BEZ235 group than the tunicamycin + cisplatin group. The apoptosis rate was highest in tunicamycin + cisplatin + BEZ235 group, followed by tunicamycin + cisplatin group and then cisplatin group. Our study provide evidence that endoplasmic reticulum stress activated by tunicamycin could promote breast cancer cell autophagy and apoptosis and enhance chemosensitivity of MCF-7 cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Teng Zhong
- 1 Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P.R. China
| | - Jian Yu
- 2 Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- 1 Department of Pathology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P.R. China
| | - Yu Shi
- 3 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P.R. China
| | - Tie-Suo Zhao
- 4 Department of Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Xia He
- 5 Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Bin Qiao
- 5 Department of Urology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Feng
- 3 School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P.R. China
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18
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Zhu WB, Tian FJ, Liu LQ. Chikusetsu (CHI) triggers mitochondria-regulated apoptosis in human prostate cancer via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:446-454. [PMID: 28391166 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prostate cancer prognosis is still not fully understood. Chikusetsu saponin Iva (CHI), isolated from Aralia taibaiensis, shows anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, in our study, we attempted to explore the efficiency and the possible molecular mechanism by which CHI may suppress prostate cancer. CHI was found to inhibit prostate cancer cell proliferation and induce cell death without cytotoxicity in prostate normal cells. CHI resulted in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and induced apoptosis regulated by mitochondria in vitro studies. CHI-caused apoptosis was shown in both caspase-dependent and -independent manner, which released cyto-c, enhancing caspases expression and promoting apoptosis-inducing factors (AIF) as well as endonuclease G (Endo G) nuclear transfer, respectively. Moreover, in vivo study showed that prostate tumor was inhibited by CHI administration through apoptosis induction. Thus, the results illustrated that CHI might be an effective therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Zhu
- Department of Urology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 27 East Jiefang Rd, Lanshan, Linyi, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fu-Jun Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 27 East Jiefang Rd, Lanshan, Linyi, Shandong, PR China
| | - Li-Qian Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 27 East Jiefang Rd, Lanshan, Linyi, Shandong, PR China.
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19
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Li Z, Wu F, Zhang X, Chai Y, Chen D, Yang Y, Xu K, Yin J, Li R, Shi H, Wang Z, Li X, Xiao J, Zhang H. Valproate Attenuates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis in SH-SY5Y Cells via the AKT/GSK3β Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020315. [PMID: 28208696 PMCID: PMC5343851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis plays an important role in a range of neurological disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases, spinal cord injury, and diabetic neuropathy. Valproate (VPA), a typical antiepileptic drug, is commonly used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and epilepsy. Recently, VPA has been reported to exert neurotrophic effects and promote neurite outgrowth, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated whether VPA inhibited ER stress and promoted neuroprotection and neuronal restoration in SH-SY5Y cells and in primary rat cortical neurons, respectively, upon exposure to thapsigargin (TG). In SH-SY5Y cells, cell viability was detected by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the expression of ER stress-related apoptotic proteins such as glucose‑regulated protein (GRP78), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and cleaved caspase-12/-3 were analyzed with Western blot analyses and immunofluorescence assays. To explore the pathway involved in VPA-induced cell proliferation, we also examined p-AKT, GSK3β, p-JNK and MMP-9. Moreover, to detect the effect of VPA in primary cortical neurons, immunofluorescence staining of β-III tubulin and Anti-NeuN was analyzed in primary cultured neurons exposed to TG. Our results demonstrated that VPA administration improved cell viability in cells exposed to TG. In addition, VPA increased the levels of GRP78 and p-AKT and decreased the levels of ATF6, XBP-1, GSK3β, p-JNK and MMP-9. Furthermore, the levels of the ER stress-induced apoptosis response proteins CHOP, cleaved caspase-12 and cleaved caspase-3 were inhibited by VPA treatment. Meanwhile, VPA administration also increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. Moreover, VPA can maintain neurite outgrowth of primary cortical neurons. Collectively, the neurotrophic effect of VPA is related to the inhibition of ER stress-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells and the maintenance of neuronal growth. Collectively, our results suggested a new approach for the therapeutic function of VPA in neurological disorders and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Fenzan Wu
- Science and Education division, Cixi People's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo 315300, China.
| | - Xie Zhang
- Ningbo Medical Treatment Center, Li Huili Hospital, Ningbo 315000, China.
| | - Yi Chai
- Department of neurosurgery, The second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Daqing Chen
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Yuetao Yang
- Emergency Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Kebin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Jiayu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Hongxue Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Zhouguang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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20
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Yi J, Cheng C, Li X, Zhao H, Qu H, Wang Z, Wang L. Protective mechanisms of purified polyphenols from pinecones of Pinus koraiensis on spleen tissues in tumor-bearing S180 mice in vivo. Food Funct 2017; 8:151-166. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01235c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of the purified polyphenols from pinecones ofPinus koraiensis(PPP-40) on spleen tissues of S180 micein vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Cuilin Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Yanshan University
- Qinhuangdao 066004
- P. R. China
| | - Haitian Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Hang Qu
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
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