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Bilal M, Bashir H, Ameen R, Sumrin A, Hussain M, Manzoor S. Anti HCV activity and expression inhibition of HCC markers by protein extract from Iberis gibraltarica. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e252676. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.252676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) is the foremost reason of progressive hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis, with an elevated risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Medicinal plants have been used for human health benefits for several years, but their therapeutic potential needs to be explored. The main objective of this study was to figure out the in vitro antiviral and anticancer characteristics of total crude protein of Iberis gibraltarica against HCV and HCC. Total crude protein of Iberis gibraltarica was isolated and quantified. The level of cytotoxicity was measured against the HepG2 cell line and it shows no significant cytotoxicity at the concentration of 504µg/ml. The anti-HCV effect was determined by absolute quantification via real time RT-PCR method and viral titer was reduced up to 66% in a dose dependent manner against the total protein of Iberis gibraltarica. The anticancer potential of Iberis gibraltarica was also examined through mRNA expression studies of AFP and GPC3 genes against the total protein of Iberis gibraltarica-treated HepG2 cells. The results show up to 90% of the down-regulation expression of AFP and GPC3. The obtained results indicate the therapeutic potential of total protein of Iberis gibraltarica against HCV and hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bilal
- University of the Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - R. Ameen
- University of the Punjab, Pakistan
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2
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Işık M, Tunç A, Duran HE, Naldan ME, Yılmaz A, Koçak MN, Beydemir Ş. Evaluation of the relationship among gene expressions and enzyme activities with antioxidant role and presenilin 1 expression in Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:3388-3394. [PMID: 37772794 PMCID: PMC10623531 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that oxidative stress originating from reactive oxygen species plays a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, the role of antioxidant status associated with oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease was investigated. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 28 healthy individuals (as control) and 28 Alzheimer's patients who met the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria. Catalase, glutathione S-transferase and paraoxonase 1 enzyme activities in blood plasma and glutathione S-transferase enzyme activities in erythrocytes were determined by spectrophotometer. Catalase, glutathione S-transferase and presenilin 1 gene expressions in leukocytes were determined using qRT-PCR. Data were analysed with SPSS one-way anova, a LSD post hoc test at p < 0.05. The activity of each enzyme was significantly reduced in Alzheimer's patients compared to control. The catalase gene expression level did not change compared to the control. Glutathione S-transferase and presenilin 1 gene expression levels were increased compared to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mesut Işık
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of EngineeringBilecik Şeyh Edebali UniversityBilecikTurkey
| | - Abdullah Tunç
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health SciencesBingöl UniversityBingölTurkey
| | - Hatice Esra Duran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of MedicineKafkas UniversityKarsTurkey
| | | | - Aslan Yılmaz
- Department of NeurologyÇekirge Public HospitalBursaTurkey
| | - Mehmet Nuri Koçak
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of MedicineAtatürk UniversityErzurumTurkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of PharmacyAnadolu UniversityEskişehirTurkey
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Pan B, Niu B, He Y, Zhou C, Xia C. Integrative multilevel exploration of the mechanism by which Er-Zhi-Wan alleviates the Parkinson's disease (PD)-like phenotype in the MPTP-induced PD mouse model. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115021. [PMID: 37348406 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective effects of Er-Zhi-Wan (EZW), a well-known traditional Chinese formulation, in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease (PD) models are poorly understood and require evaluation. A model of PD induced by MPTP was used to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of EZW in mice. The underlying pharmacological mechanisms of EZW for the prevention and treatment of PD were then explored using a combination of multilevel databases, network pharmacology, biological experiments, and LCMS/MS. In vivo data showed that pretreatment with EZW can be neuroprotective against MPTP-induced motor dysfunction and can effectively rescue dopaminergic neurons from MPTP-induced degeneration in mice. Furthermore, data from combined multilevel databases and network pharmacology analysis strategies suggested that the neuroprotective activity of EZW in the treatment of PD is mediated by a complicated multicomponent, multitarget network. Genes such as Grm2, Grm5, Drd2, and Grik2 were identified as important therapeutic targets. Subsequent experimental validation showed that EZW can broadly regulate the mRNA levels of these receptor genes as well as BDNF, and consequently increase the phosphorylation levels of CREB to stimulate CREB signaling. These targets and signaling systems may be responsible for the reversal of neuronal death by EZW after MPTP exposure. The LC-MS/MS results also identified a wide range of chemical components of EZW, including at least 53 precise compounds, further demonstrating the complexity of the network in which EZW exerts its neuroprotective activity. Our work provides evidence for the mechanism of EZW in MPTP-PD models and supports the neuroprotective function of EZW in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botao Pan
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Bo Niu
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Yanjun He
- Emergency Department, Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Cankun Zhou
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Chenglai Xia
- Affiliated Foshan Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan 528000, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 515150, China.
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Geng Q, Liu B, Cao Z, Li L, Lu P, Lin L, Yan L, Lu C. Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma: A review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1095554. [PMID: 36950009 PMCID: PMC10025315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1095554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma (FDR) is an effective Chinese herbal medicine with a long history of use in China. FDR is effective in heat clearing and detoxifying, promotion of blood circulation, relieving carbuncles, dispelling wind, and removing dampness. Its seeds also have high nutritional value, are rich in protein, and contain a variety of mineral elements and vitamins. Therefore, FDR is considered a natural product with medical and economic benefits, and its chemical composition and pharmacological activity are of interest to scientists. The current review provides an overview of the available scientific information on FDR, particularly its botany, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities. Various sources of valid and comprehensive relevant information were consulted, including the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, and PubMed. Among the keywords used were "Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma", "botanical features", "chemical composition", and "pharmacological activity" in combination. Various ailments are treated with FDR, such as diabetes, tumor, sore throat, headache, indigestion, abdominal distension, dysentery, boils, carbuncles, and rheumatism. FDR is rich in organic acids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, and triterpenoids. Experiments performed in vitro and in vivo showed that FDR extracts or fractions had a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic. The current review provides an integrative perspective on the botany, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of FDR. FDR may be used as a medicine and food. Based on its chemical composition and pharmacological effects, the main active ingredients of FDR are organic acids, tannins, and flavonoids, and it has obvious antitumor pharmacological activity against a variety of malignant tumors. Therefore, FDR is worthy of further study and application as a potential antitumor drug.
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Yang R, Yang X, Zhang F. New Perspectives of Taxifolin in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:2097-2109. [PMID: 36740800 PMCID: PMC10556370 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230203101107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), and Huntington's disease (HD) are characterized by cognitive and motor dysfunctions and neurodegeneration. These diseases have become more severe over time and cannot be cured currently. Until now, most treatments for these diseases are only used to relieve the symptoms. Taxifolin (TAX), 3,5,7,3,4-pentahydroxy flavanone, also named dihydroquercetin, is a compound derived primarily from Douglas fir and Larix gemelini. TAX has been confirmed to exhibit various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-cancer, anti-virus, and regulation of oxidative stress effects. In the central nervous system, TAX has been demonstrated to inhibit Aβ fibril formation, protect neurons and improve cerebral blood flow, cognitive ability, and dyskinesia. At present, TAX is only applied as a health additive in clinical practice. This review aimed to summarize the application of TAX in neurodegenerative diseases and the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms, such as suppressing inflammation, attenuating oxidative stress, preventing Aβ protein formation, maintaining dopamine levels, and thus reducing neuronal loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinxing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Center, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Lu C, Qu S, Zhong Z, Luo H, Lei SS, Zhong HJ, Su H, Wang Y, Chong CM. The effects of bioactive components from the rhizome of gastrodia elata blume (Tianma) on the characteristics of Parkinson's disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:963327. [PMID: 36532787 PMCID: PMC9748092 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.963327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related chronic neurodegenerative disease caused by the death and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. The decrease of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the patient's brain leads to various motor symptoms. PD drugs mainly enhance dopamine levels but cannot prevent or slow down the loss of dopaminergic neurons. In addition, they exhibit significant side effects and addiction issues during long-term use. Therefore, it is particularly urgent to develop novel drugs that have fewer side effects, can improve PD symptoms, and prevent the death of dopaminergic neurons. The rhizome of Gastrodia elata Blume (Tianma) is a well-known medicinal herb and has long been used as a treatment of nervous system-related diseases in China. Several clinical studies showed that formula comprising Tianma could be used as an add-on therapy for PD patients. Pharmacological studies indicated that Tianma and its bioactive components can reduce the death of dopaminergic neurons, α-synuclein accumulation, and neuroinflammation in various PD models. In this review, we briefly summarize studies regarding the effects of Tianma and its bioactive components' effects on major PD features and explore the potential use of Tianma components for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Shuhui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Si San Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Hai-Jing Zhong
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Cheong-Meng Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
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Soliman TN, Mohammed DM, El-Messery TM, Elaaser M, Zaky AA, Eun JB, Shim JH, El-Said MM. Microencapsulation of Plant Phenolic Extracts Using Complex Coacervation Incorporated in Ultrafiltered Cheese Against AlCl3-Induced Neuroinflammation in Rats. Front Nutr 2022; 9:929977. [PMID: 35845781 PMCID: PMC9278961 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.929977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived phenolic compounds have numerous biological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, their application is limited because they are degraded under environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to microencapsulate plant phenolic extracts using a complex coacervation method to mitigate this problem. Red beet (RB), broccoli (BR), and spinach leaf (SL) phenolic extracts were encapsulated by complex coacervation. The characteristics of complex coacervates [zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE), FTIR, and morphology] were evaluated. The RB, BR, and SL complex coacervates were incorporated into an ultrafiltered (UF) cheese system. The chemical properties, pH, texture profile, microstructure, and sensory properties of UF cheese with coacervates were determined. In total, 54 male Sprague–Dawley rats were used, among which 48 rats were administered an oral dose of AlCl3 (100 mg/kg body weight/d). Nutritional and biochemical parameters, including malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, nitric oxide, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and glial fibrillary acidic protein, were assessed. The RB, BR, and SL phenolic extracts were successfully encapsulated. The RB, BR, and SL complex coacervates had no impact on the chemical composition of UF cheese. The structure of the RB, BR, and SL complex coacervates in UF cheese was the most stable. The hardness of UF cheese was progressively enhanced by using the RB, BR, and SL complex coacervates. The sensory characteristics of the UF cheese samples achieved good scores and were viable for inclusion in food systems. Additionally, these microcapsules improved metabolic strategies and neurobehavioral systems and enhanced the protein biosynthesis of rat brains. Both forms failed to induce any severe side effects in any experimental group. It can be concluded that the microencapsulation of plant phenolic extracts using a complex coacervation technique protected rats against AlCl3-induced neuroinflammation. This finding might be of interest to food producers and researchers aiming to deliver natural bioactive compounds in the most acceptable manner (i.e., food).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek N. Soliman
- Dairy Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina Mostafa Mohammed
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tamer M. El-Messery
- Dairy Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Elaaser
- Dairy Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Zaky
- Department of Food Technology, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Ahmed A. Zaky,
| | - Jong-Bang Eun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Han Shim
- Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Jae-Han Shim,
| | - Marwa M. El-Said
- Dairy Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
- Marwa M. El-Said,
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Tan MA, Sharma N, An SSA. Multi-Target Approach of Murraya koenigii Leaves in Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:188. [PMID: 35215300 PMCID: PMC8880493 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) mainly affect neurons and gradually lead to a loss of normal motor and cognitive functions. Atypical protein homeostasis-misfolding, aggregations and accumulations, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis-are common features in most NDs. To date, due to the complex etiology and pathogenesis of NDs, no defined treatment is available. There has been increasing interest in plant extracts as potential alternative medicines as the presence of various active components may exert synergistic and multi-pharmacological effects. Murraya koenigii (Rutaceae) is utilized in Ayurvedic medicine for various ailments. Pharmacological studies evidenced its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective activities, among others. In line with our interest in exploring natural agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, this review presents an overview of literature concerning the mechanisms of action and the safety profile of significant bioactive components present in M. koenigii leaves to support further investigations into their neuroprotective therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A. Tan
- College of Science and Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1015, Philippines;
| | - Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seong Soo A. An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujung-gu, Seongnam-si 461-701, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Disclosing the Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activity of an Anthocyanin-Rich Extract from Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020211. [PMID: 35204092 PMCID: PMC8868341 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an autochthonous variety of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), namely “Moretta di Vignola”, was processed to prepare extracts rich in polyphenols, which were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation coupled to UV/DAD and ESI-MSn analysis. Then, a sweet cherry anthocyanin-rich extract (ACE) was prepared, fully characterized and tested for its activity against Parkinson’s disease (PD) in cellular (BV2 microglia and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma) and in Drosophila melanogaster rotenone (ROT)-induced model. The extract was also evaluated for its antioxidant activity on Caenorhabditis elegans by assessing nematode resistance to thermal stress. In both cell lines, ACE reduced ROT-induced cell death and it decreased, alone, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content while reinstating control-like ROS values after ROT-induced ROS rise, albeit at different concentrations of both compounds. Moreover, ACE mitigated SH-SY5Y cell cytotoxicity in a non-contact co-culture assay with cell-free supernatants from ROT-treated BV-2 cells. ACE, at 50 µg/mL, ameliorated ROT (250 μM)-provoked spontaneous (24 h duration) and induced (after 3 and 7 days) locomotor activity impairment in D. melanogaster and it also increased survival and counteracted the decrease in fly lifespan registered after exposure to the ROT. Moreover, heads from flies treated with ACE showed a non-significant decrease in ROS levels, while those exposed to ROT markedly increased ROS levels if compared to controls. ACE + ROT significantly placed the ROS content to intermediate values between those of controls and ROT alone. Finally, ACE at 25 µg/mL produced a significant increase in the survival rate of nematodes submitted to thermal stress (35 °C, 6–8 h), at the 2nd and 9th day of adulthood. All in all, ACE from Moretta cherries can be an attractive candidate to formulate a nutraceutical product to be used for the prevention of oxidative stress-induced disorders and related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Kwon D, Kim C, Woo YK, Hwang JK. Inhibitory Effects of Chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) Extract and Its Active Compound Isochlorogenic Acid A on Sarcopenia. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:408-416. [PMID: 35047437 PMCID: PMC8747960 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.4.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, age-related muscle atrophy, weakening muscle strength, and exercise capacity, generally accompany imbalances in protein metabolism. Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. extract (CME) and its active compound, isochlo-rogenic acid A (IcA), have been reported to have anti-oxidative, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective effects. However, the roles of CME and IcA in the regulation of muscle protein turnover-related signaling pathways to attenuate sarcopenia have not been explored. In this study, we investigated CME and IcA based regulation of protein turnover in synthesizing muscle in vitro and in vivo. At the molecular level, CME and IcA promoted phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and mTOR pathways, which stimulate synthesis of muscle proteins, and suppressed FoxO3a and E3 ubiquitin ligases during protein degrada-tion. In vivo, CME and IcA increased grip strength, exercise capacity, muscle mass and volume, and cross-sectional area of myofibers in middle-aged C57BL/6J mice. These results suggest that CME and IcA may have roles as functional food supplements for delaying sarcopenia by enhancing muscle mass recovery and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dowan Kwon
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Changhee Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yu Kyong Woo
- Graduate Program in Bioindustrial Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Graduate Program in Bioindustrial Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Zhu J, Li L, Ding J, Huang J, Shao A, Tang B. The Role of Formyl Peptide Receptors in Neurological Diseases via Regulating Inflammation. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:753832. [PMID: 34650406 PMCID: PMC8510628 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.753832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are a group of G protein-coupled cell surface receptors that play important roles in host defense and inflammation. Owing to the ubiquitous expression of FPRs throughout different cell types and since they interact with structurally diverse chemotactic agonists, they have a dual function in inflammatory processes, depending on binding with different ligands so that accelerate or inhibit key intracellular kinase-based regulatory pathways. Neuroinflammation is closely associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, neurogenic tumors and cerebrovascular diseases. From recent studies, it is clear that FPRs are important biomarkers for neurological diseases as they regulate inflammatory responses by monitoring glial activation, accelerating neural differentiation, regulating angiogenesis, and controlling blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, thereby affecting neurological disease progression. Given the complex mechanisms of neurological diseases and the difficulty of healing, we are eager to find new and effective therapeutic targets. Here, we review recent research about various mechanisms of the effects generated after FPR binding to different ligands, role of FPRs in neuroinflammation as well as the development and prognosis of neurological diseases. We summarize that the FPR family has dual inflammatory functional properties in central nervous system. Emphasizing that FPR2 acts as a key molecule that mediates the active resolution of inflammation, which binds with corresponding receptors to reduce the expression and activation of pro-inflammatory composition, govern the transport of immune cells to inflammatory tissues, and restore the integrity of the BBB. Concurrently, FPR1 is essentially related to angiogenesis, cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Thus, treatment with FPRs-modulation may be effective for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Ding
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Sakr S, A Rashad W, Abaza MT. The ameliorative effect of Moringa oleifera oil on tributyltin-induced brain toxicity in albino rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:2025-2039. [PMID: 34227745 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is an organotin compound widely used as a biocide in antifouling paints. Moringa oleifera oil (MOO) has a promising antioxidant potential, which necessitates further exploration. This study was conducted to investigate the potential protective effect of MOO against TBT-induced brain toxicity. The 30 rats were grouped into five groups (six each), Group I negative control, Group II positive control (vehicle), Group III MOO (5 ml/kg body weight [b.wt.]), Group IV TBT (10 mg/kg b.wt.), and Group V TBT & MOO. All treatments were given orally for 28 days. Thereafter, brains were exposed to oxidative stress and neurological parameters analyses. Histopathological and immunohistochemical (caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2) examinations were also carried out. In rats administered TBT, increased malondialdehyde level, decreased reduced glutathione, and low total antioxidant capacity levels were in support of oxidative stress mechanism. Neurotoxicity was indicated by high nitric oxide level and increased acetylcholinestrase activity. Along with the histopathological alterations, the dysregulated expression of caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl-2 were indicative of the apoptotic mechanism mediated by TBT. Co-administration of MOO with TBT ameliorated the aforementioned toxic effects. In conclusion, TBT causes brain toxicity via oxidative, nitrosative, and apoptotic mechanisms. MOO demonstrates protective effect against TBT-induced brain toxicity mostly via potent antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sakr
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Rashad
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa T Abaza
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Omoruyi SI, Ibrakaw AS, Ekpo OE, Boatwright JS, Cupido CN, Hussein AA. Neuroprotective Activities of Crossyne flava Bulbs and Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133990. [PMID: 34208814 PMCID: PMC8272225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases and affects approximately 6.3 million people worldwide. To date, the treatment of PD remains a challenge, as available treatment options are known to be associated with serious side effects; hence, the search for new treatment strategies is critical. Extracts from the Amaryllidaceae plant family as well as their alkaloids have been reported to have neuroprotective potentials. This study, therefore, investigated the biological activities of Crossyne flava and its isolated alkaloids in an in vitro MPP+ (1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium) PD model using SH-SY5Y cells. The effects of the total extract as well as the four compounds isolated from Crossyne flava (i.e., pancratinine B (1), bufanidrine (2), buphanisine (3), and epibuphanisine (4)) were evaluated for cell viability, neuroprotection, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), adenosine triphosphate activity (ATP), and caspase 3/7 activity in SH-SY5Y cells. The results obtained showed that pre-treatment with both the extract and the isolated compounds was effective in protecting the SH-SY5Y cells from MPP+-induced neurotoxicity and inhibited ROS generation, ATP depletion as well as apoptosis induction in the SH-SY5Y cells. The results of this study show that the Amaryllidaceae plant family may be a source of novel compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, which validates the reported traditional uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester I. Omoruyi
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Abobaker S. Ibrakaw
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (A.S.I.); (J.S.B.)
| | - Okobi E. Ekpo
- Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates;
| | - James S. Boatwright
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa; (A.S.I.); (J.S.B.)
| | - Christopher N. Cupido
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-21-959-6193; Fax: +27-21-959-3055
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Kittimongkolsuk P, Pattarachotanant N, Chuchawankul S, Wink M, Tencomnao T. Neuroprotective Effects of Extracts from Tiger Milk Mushroom Lignosus rhinocerus Against Glutamate-Induced Toxicity in HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cells and Neurodegenerative Diseases in Caenorhabditis elegans. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010030. [PMID: 33466350 PMCID: PMC7824744 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the Tiger Milk Mushroom Lignosus rhinocerus (LR) having been used as a traditional medicine, little is known about the neuroprotective effects of LR extracts. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effect of three extracts of LR against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal (HT22) cells as well as to determine their effect in Caenorhabditis elegans. In vitro, we assessed the toxicity of three LR extracts (ethanol extract (LRE), cold-water extract (LRC) and hot-water extract (LRH)) and their protective activity by MTT assay, Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide staining, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (MMP) and intracellular ROS accumulation. Furthermore, we determined the expression of antioxidant genes (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD1 and SOD2) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)) by qRT-PCR. In vivo, we investigated the neuroprotective effect of LRE, not only against an Aβ-induced deficit in chemotaxis behavior (Alzheimer model) but also against PolyQ40 formation (model for Morbus Huntington) in transgenic C. elegans. Only LRE significantly reduced both apoptosis and intracellular ROS levels and significantly increased the expression of antioxidant genes after glutamate-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells. In addition, LRE significantly improved the Chemotaxis Index (CI) in C. elegans and significantly decreased PolyQ40 aggregation. Altogether, the LRE exhibited neuroprotective properties both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinee Kittimongkolsuk
- Graduate Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nattaporn Pattarachotanant
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Siriporn Chuchawankul
- Immunomodulation of Natural Products Research Group, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.W.); or (T.T.); Tel.: +66-2-218-1533 (T.T.)
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Immunomodulation of Natural Products Research Group, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Correspondence: (M.W.); or (T.T.); Tel.: +66-2-218-1533 (T.T.)
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Antunes MS, Ladd FVL, Ladd AABL, Moreira AL, Boeira SP, Cattelan Souza L. Hesperidin protects against behavioral alterations and loss of dopaminergic neurons in 6-OHDA-lesioned mice: the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:153-167. [PMID: 33057922 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hesperidin is a flavonoid glycoside that is frequently found in citrus fruits. Our group have demonstrated that hesperidin has neuroprotective effect in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of Parkinson's disease (PD), mainly by antioxidant mechanisms. Although the pathophysiology of PD remains uncertain, a large body of evidence has demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis play a critical role in dopaminergic nigrostriatal degeneration. However, the ability of hesperidin in modulating these mechanisms has not yet been investigated. In the present study, we examined the potential of a 28-day hesperidin treatment (50 mg/kg/day, p.o.) in preventing behavioral alterations induced by 6-OHDA injection via regulating mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in C57BL/6 mice. Our results demonstrated that hesperidin treatment improved motor, olfactory and spatial memory impairments elicited by 6-OHDA injection. Moreover, hesperidin treatment attenuated the loss of dopaminergic neurons (TH+ cells) in the SNpc and the depletion of dopamine (DA) and its metabolities 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the striatum of 6-OHDA-lesioned mice. Hesperidin also protected against the inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex-I, -IV and V, the decrease of Na + -K + -ATPase activity and the increase of caspase-3 and -9 activity in the striatum. Taken together, our findings indicate that hesperidin mitigates the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and modulating apoptotic pathways in the striatum of 6-OHDA-treated mice, thus improving behavioral alterations. These results provide new insights on neuroprotective mechanisms of hesperidin in a relevant preclinical model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Antunes
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando Vagner Lobo Ladd
- Department of Morphology/Laboratory of Neuroanatom, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Aliny Antunes Barbosa Lobo Ladd
- Laboratory of Stochastic Stereology and Chemical Anatomy, Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lopez Moreira
- Laboratory of Stochastic Stereology and Chemical Anatomy, Department of Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Peterini Boeira
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil
| | - Leandro Cattelan Souza
- Laboratory of Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluations Applied to Bioactive Molecules, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui, RS, CEP 97650-000, Brazil.
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Ayipo YO, Mordi MN, Mustapha M, Damodaran T. Neuropharmacological potentials of β-carboline alkaloids for neuropsychiatric disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 893:173837. [PMID: 33359647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) which are characterised by complex pathomechanisms that including homeostatic failure, malfunction, atrophy, pathology remodelling and reactivity anomaly of the neuronal system where treatment options remain challenging. β-Carboline (βC) alkaloids are scaffolds of structurally diverse tricyclic pyrido[3,4-b]indole alkaloid with vast occurrence in nature. Their unique structural features which favour interactions with enzymes and protein receptor targets account for their potent neuropharmacological properties. However, our current understanding of their biological mechanisms for these beneficial effects, especially for neuropsychiatric disorders is sparse. Therefore, we present a comprehensive review of the scientific progress in the last two decades on the prospective pharmacology and physiology of the βC alkaloids in the treatment of some neuropsychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, brain tumour, essential tremor, epilepsy and seizure, licking behaviour, dystonia, agnosia, spasm, positive ingestive response as demonstrated in non-clinical models. The current evidence supports that βC alkaloids offer potential therapeutic agents against most of these disorders and amenable for further drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Oloruntoyin Ayipo
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Department of Chemical, Geological and Physical Sciences, Kwara State University, P. M. B., 1530, Malete, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Mohd Nizam Mordi
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Muzaimi Mustapha
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Thenmoly Damodaran
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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17
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Wang Z, He C, Shi JS. Natural Products for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5790-5828. [PMID: 31131744 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190527120614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the progressive degeneration of the structure and function of the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system. Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) are the common neurodegenerative diseases, which typically occur in people over the age of 60. With the rapid development of an aged society, over 60 million people worldwide are suffering from these uncurable diseases. Therefore, the search for new drugs and therapeutic methods has become an increasingly important research topic. Natural products especially those from the Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs), are the most important sources of drugs, and have received extensive interest among pharmacist. In this review, in order to facilitate further chemical modification of those useful natural products by pharmacists, we will bring together recent studies in single natural compound from TCMs with neuroprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563003, China.,Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, P.R. China
| | - Chunyang He
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563003, China.,Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Shan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Guizhou 563003, China
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18
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Abstract
The testosterone decline is one of the potential causes of oxidative stress-induced anxiety and depressive behaviors, and cognitive impairment induces irreversible neuronal damage, which is not clearly understood. The orchidectomized rat model was used; the hippocampal neurons and anxiety behavior were analyzed. Adult male albino rats were divided into control and orchidectomy (ORX) groups, orchidectomy (ORX + T), and normal (Cont + T) groups. Testosterone propionate was used as a testosterone supplement. The anxiety and depressive-like behavior observed in ORX animals in the open field (OF) and elevated plus-maze experiments were effectively overturned in the ORX + T group. Studies on isolated hippocampus showed reduced antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and glutathione (GSH) compounds), increased lipid peroxidation (LPO), elevated caspase3, and reduced anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and increased apoptotic nuclei in TUNEL staining of the hippocampus in the ORX rats. These observations indicate free radical-mediated neural damage. Testosterone presence promoted the antioxidant defense system and restored normal pyramidal neuron morphology in ORX + T. This study confirms that testosterone is indispensable in the normal adult hippocampus and deficiency seems to be a potential risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders. Besides, androgen appears to be a possible therapeutic strategy for treating depression/neurodegenerative diseases in aging men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthi Jothi Muthu
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Prakash Seppan
- Department of Anatomy, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanasamy Mudaliar Postgraduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, India
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Haddadi R, Shahidi Z, Eyvari-Brooshghalan S. Silymarin and neurodegenerative diseases: Therapeutic potential and basic molecular mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 79:153320. [PMID: 32920285 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are primarily characterized by selective neuronal loss in the brain. Alzheimer's disease as the most common NDDs and the most prevalent cause of dementia is characterized by Amyloid-beta deposition, which leads to cognitive and memory impairment. Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the dramatic death of dopaminergic neuronal cells, especially in the SNc and caused alpha-synuclein accumulation in the neurons. Silymarin, an extract from seeds of Silybum marianum, administered mostly for liver disorders and also had anti-oxidant and anti-carcinogenic activities. PURPOSE The present comprehensive review summarizes the beneficial effects of Silymarin in-vivo and in-vitro and even in animal models for these NDDs. METHODS A diagram model for systematic review is utilized for this search. The research is conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct. RESULTS Based on the inclusion criteria, 83 studies were selected and discussed in this review. CONCLUSION Lastly, we review the latest experimental evidences supporting the potential effects of Silymarin, as a neuroprotective agent in NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasool Haddadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Medicinal plant and natural products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran.
| | - Zahra Shahidi
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shahla Eyvari-Brooshghalan
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Du W, Liang X, Wang S, Lee P, Zhang Y. The Underlying Mechanism of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. in Parkinson's Disease Based on a Network Pharmacology Approach. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:581984. [PMID: 33381034 PMCID: PMC7768820 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.581984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, yet as of currently, there is no disease-modifying therapy that could delay its progression. Paeonia lactiflora Pall. is the most frequently used herb in formulas for PD in Traditional Chinese Medicine and also a potential neuroprotective agent for neurodegenerative diseases, while its mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we aim to explore the underlying mechanism of P. lactiflora in treating PD utilizing a network pharmacology approach. Methods: The protein targets of P. lactiflora ingredients and PD were first obtained from several databases. To clarify the key targets, a Protein-Protein-Interaction (PPI) network was constructed and analyzed on the String database, and then enrichment analysis was performed by the Metascape platform to determine the main Gene Ontology biological processes and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Finally, the Ingredient-Target-Pathway (I-T-P) network was constructed and analyzed by Cytoscape software. Results: Six active ingredients of P. lactiflora (kaempferol, ß-sitosterol, betulinic acid, palbinone, paeoniflorin and (+)-catechin) as well as six core targets strongly related to PD treatment [AKT1, interleukin-6, CAT, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), CASP3, and PTGS2] were identified. The main pathways were shown to involve neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, Calcium signaling pathway, PI3-Akt signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and apoptosis signaling pathway. The main biological process included the regulation of neurotransmitter levels. Conclusion: P. lactiflora may retard neurodegeneration by reducing neuroinflammation, inhibiting intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, and may improve motor and non-motor symptoms by regulating the levels of neurotransmitters. Our study has revealed the mechanism of P. lactiflora in the treatment of PD and may contribute to novel drug development for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Du
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanze Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Philip Lee
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yunling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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21
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Natural Cinnamaldehyde and Its Derivatives Ameliorate Neuroinflammatory Pathways in Neurodegenerative Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1034325. [PMID: 33274192 PMCID: PMC7683109 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1034325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are devastating and incurable disorders characterized by neuronal dysfunction. The major focus of experimental and clinical studies are conducted on the effects of natural products and their active components on neurodegenerative diseases. This review will discuss an herbal constituent known as cinnamaldehyde (CA) with the neuroprotective potential to treat neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Accumulating evidence supports the notion that CA displays neuroprotective effects in AD and PD animal models by modulating neuroinflammation, suppressing oxidative stress, and improving the synaptic connection. CA exerts these effects through its action on multiple signaling pathways, including TLR4/NF-κB, NLRP3, ERK1/2-MEK, NO, and Nrf2 pathways. To summarize, CA and its derivatives have been shown to improve pathological changes in AD and PD animal models, which may provide a new therapeutic option for neurodegenerative interventions. To this end, further experimental and clinical studies are required to prove the neuroprotective effects of CA and its derivatives.
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22
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Jena AB, Samal RR, Kumari K, Pradhan J, Chainy GBN, Subudhi U, Pal S, Dandapat J. The benzene metabolite p-benzoquinone inhibits the catalytic activity of bovine liver catalase: A biophysical study. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:871-880. [PMID: 33181220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The current communication reports the inhibitory effect of para-benzoquinone (p-BQ) on the structure and function of bovine liver catalase (BLC), a vital antioxidant enzyme. Both BLC and p-BQ were dissolved in respective buffers and the biophysical interaction was studied at physiological concentrations. For the first time our data reveals an enthalpy-driven interaction between BLC and p-BQ which is due to hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. The binding affinity of p-BQ with BLC is nearly 2.5 folds stronger in MOPS buffer than Phosphate buffer. Importantly, the binding affinity between BLC and p-BQ was weak in HEPES buffer as compared to other buffers being the strongest in Tris buffer. Molecular docking studies reveal that binding affinity of p-BQ with BLC differ depending upon the nature of buffers rather than on the participating amino acid residues of BLC. This is further supported by the differential changes in secondary structures of BLC. The p-BQ-induced conformational change in BLC was evident from the reduced BLC activity in presence of different buffers in the following order, Phosphate>MOPS>Tris>HEPES. The absorbance peak of BLC was gradually increased and fluorescence spectra of BLC were drastically decreased when BLC to p-BQ molar ratio was incrementally enhanced from 0 to 10,000 times in presence of all buffers. Nevertheless, the declined activity of BLC was positively correlated with the reduced fluorescence and negatively correlated with the enhanced absorbance. Electrochemical study with cyclic voltammeter also suggests a direct binding of p-BQ with BLC in presence of different buffers. Thus, p-BQ-mediated altered secondary structure in BLC results into compromised activity of BLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atala B Jena
- Centre of Excellence in Integrated Omics & Computational Biology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India
| | - Rashmi R Samal
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, Odisha, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Kanchan Kumari
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, Odisha, India
| | - Jyotsnarani Pradhan
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India
| | - Gagan B N Chainy
- Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India
| | - Umakanta Subudhi
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals & Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, Odisha, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110025, India.
| | - Satyanarayan Pal
- Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India
| | - Jagnehswar Dandapat
- Centre of Excellence in Integrated Omics & Computational Biology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India; Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India.
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23
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Trojan E, Bryniarska N, Leśkiewicz M, Regulska M, Chamera K, Szuster-Głuszczak M, Leopoldo M, Lacivita E, Basta-Kaim A. The Contribution of Formyl Peptide Receptor Dysfunction to the Course of Neuroinflammation: A Potential Role in the Brain Pathology. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 18:229-249. [PMID: 31629396 PMCID: PMC7327951 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191019170244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory processes within the central nervous system (CNS) are in part responsible for the development of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. These processes are associated with, among other things, the increased and disturbed activation of microglia and the elevated production of proinflammatory factors. Recent studies indicated that the disruption of the process of resolution of inflammation (RoI) may be the cause of CNS disorders. It is shown that the RoI is regulated by endogenous molecules called specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), which interact with specific membrane receptors. Some SPMs activate formyl peptide receptors (FPRs), which belong to the family of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors take part not only in the proinflammatory response but also in the resolution of the inflammation process. Therefore, the activation of FPRs might have complex consequences. This review discusses the potential role of FPRs, and in particular the role of FPR2 subtype, in the brain under physiological and pathological conditions and their involvement in processes underlying neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders as well as ischemia, the pathogenesis of which involves the dysfunction of inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Trojan
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St. 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Bryniarska
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St. 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Leśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St. 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Regulska
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St. 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chamera
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St. 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szuster-Głuszczak
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St. 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna St. 31-343 Krakow, Poland
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Oladele JO, Oyeleke OM, Oladele OT, Olaniyan M. Neuroprotective mechanism of Vernonia amygdalina in a rat model of neurodegenerative diseases. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1223-1232. [PMID: 32995297 PMCID: PMC7509141 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The global upsurge in the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases in recent years has been associated with increase in toxic chemical exposure and release into the biosystem, having over 46.8 million people suffer dementia worldwide. This study focused on elucidating the neuroprotective mechanism of methanol leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina (MLVA) in nitrobenzene-induced neurodegenerative disease in rats. Thirty aged male rats were sorted into five groups of six rats each. Group A received distilled water while 100 mg/kg bw of nitrobenzene was orally administered to groups (B to E) to induce neurodegeneration. Group B (disease control) was untreated, while Group C and D were treated with oral administration of 200 and 400 mg/kg bw of MLVA respectively and group E with vitamin E for 14 days. Locomotor behaviour was analysed using video-tracking software while the midbrain, cerebrum and cerebellum of the rats were processed for biochemical analyses. Results showed that treatment of nitrobenzene-induced neurodegenerative rats with MLVA significantly (p < 0.05) increase dopamine, GSH, antioxidant enzymes levels; and decrease acetylcholinesterase activity, biomarkers of inflammatory and oxidative stress level. Also, MLVA enhanced neurobehavioural and locomotor activities in all markers assessed. Taken together, neuroprotective mechanisms of MLVA can be linked to its antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase suppression, lipid peroxidation inhibition, anti-inflammatory and neurobehavioural restoring abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson O. Oladele
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kings University, Ode-Omu, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Oyedotun M. Oyeleke
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kings University, Ode-Omu, Osun State, Nigeria
- Phytomedicine and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseun T. Oladele
- Phytomedicine and Toxicology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria
| | - Monisola Olaniyan
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kings University, Ode-Omu, Osun State, Nigeria
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Miranda-Díaz AG, García-Sánchez A, Cardona-Muñoz EG. Foods with Potential Prooxidant and Antioxidant Effects Involved in Parkinson's Disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6281454. [PMID: 32832004 PMCID: PMC7424374 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6281454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Oxidative stress appears to be responsible for the gradual dysfunction that manifests via numerous cellular pathways throughout PD progression. This review will describe the prooxidant effect of excessive consumption of processed food. Processed meat can affect health due to its high sodium content, advanced lipid oxidation end-products, cholesterol, and free fatty acids. During cooking, lipids can react with proteins to form advanced end-products of lipid oxidation. Excessive consumption of different types of carbohydrates is a risk factor for PD. The antioxidant effects of some foods in the regular diet provide an inconclusive interpretation of the environment's mechanisms with the modulation of oxidation stress-induced PD. Some antioxidant molecules are known whose primary mechanism is the neuroprotective effect. The melatonin mechanism consists of neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducing antioxidant enzyme's expression and activity. N-acetylcysteine protects against the development of PD by restoring levels of brain glutathione. The balanced administration of vitamin B3, ascorbic acid, vitamin D and the intake of caffeine every day seem beneficial for brain health in PD. Excessive chocolate intake could have adverse effects in PD patients. The findings reported to date do not provide clear benefits for a possible efficient therapeutic intervention by consuming the nutrients that are consumed regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés García-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ernesto Germán Cardona-Muñoz
- Department of Physiology, University Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Pathania R, Chawla P, Khan H, Kaushik R, Khan MA. An assessment of potential nutritive and medicinal properties of Mucuna pruriens: a natural food legume. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:261. [PMID: 32477848 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucuna pruriens belongs to the Fabaceae family and is ordinarily known as velvet bean, in English cowitch and Hindi Kawaanch. The restorative quality of this bean makes it an excellent component in pharmaceutical and therapeutic applications. Apart from high protein and starch content, these beans contain (l-Dopa) 3, 4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine, which exhibits several medicinal properties. However, it is poisonous when ingested by ruminants. The obstruction to the advancement of Mucuna as nutrition or food is the nearness of antinutrients, which are high as opposed to other uncommon vegetables. Also, this legume is considered as a future restorative herb because of its anticholesterolemic, anti-Parkinson, antioxidant, antidiabetic, sexual enhancing, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antivenom activities. It also exhibits anticancer activities, but very few studies have been done. The seeds of Mucuna pruriens also contain a vast range of phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, reducing sugars, and tannins, which provide an avenue to explore it for wider applications. This review sheds light on the possible mechanism of action of Mucuna pruriens on some diseases (hypoglycemia, Parkinson's disease, microbial diseases and tumor). and also fills the gap in the studies of Mucuna pruriens. and Further more in vitro and in vivo studies should be done to explore the potential of these seeds against many diseases, its application as a food source, its antinutrient, and harmful properties as well as its nutraceutical perspective.
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Zhang Y, Qin L, Xie J, Li J, Wang C. Eupatilin prevents behavioral deficits and dopaminergic neuron degeneration in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Life Sci 2020; 253:117745. [PMID: 32376269 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Neuroinflammation and apoptosis play a crucial role in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Eupatilin is a lipophilic flavonoid isolated from Artemisia species and exerts anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we investigated the effects of Eupatilin on a mouse model of PD induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). MAIN METHODS The rotarod test and traction test were constructed to examine the motor function. Immunofluorescent staining was performed to detect the expression of TH, Iba-1 and GFAP. Apoptosis was examined by the TUNEL assay. Real-time PCR was used to determine the mRNA expression and Western blot and ELISA were used to determine the protein expression. KEY FINDINGS Eupatilin improved behavioral impairment caused by MPTP. A loss of TH positive neurons was observed in the substantia nigra pars compacta of MPTP-lesioned brain, while it was rescued by Eupatilin. Moreover, MPTP administration increased the cell number of microglia and astrocytes and the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Whereas Eupatilin suppressed the activation of neuroinflammation. Eupatilin also decreased cell apoptosis enhanced by MPTP/MPP+ exposure in vivo and in vitro. We further revealed that Eupatilin abolished MPTP-induced downregulation of IκBα expression and accumulation of p65 in the nuclear compartment. Besides, MPTP administration led to dephosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β, but it was restored by Eupatilin. SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrate that Eupatilin alleviates behavioral impairment and dopaminergic neuron loss induced by MPTP through inhibition of neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Our research provides more evidence for Eupatilin as a potential preventative drug for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Lina Qin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Jieru Xie
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China.
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Yang T, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Xie J, Zhou A. 6‴-Feruloylspinosin alleviated beta-amyloid induced toxicity by promoting mitophagy in Caenorhabditis elegans (GMC101) and PC12 cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 715:136953. [PMID: 32007901 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of 6‴-feruloylspinosin (6-FS), one of the main active flavonoid components in Sour Jujube seeds, on beta-amyloid (Aβ) protein transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans (GMC101) and PC12 cells, and determine the molecular mechanism of its action. We found that 6-FS could ameliorate the progression of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) phenotype by delaying the aging, decreasing the rate of paralysis, enhancing resistance to heat stress, and increasing the chemotaxis ability, and promotes autophagy activity though autophagy/lysosome pathway in GMC101. Furthermore, 6-FS reduced Aβ-induced toxicity by inhibiting the deposition of Aβ and the aggregated proteins, increasing the level of mitophagy in PC12 through promoting the expression of Pink1/Parkin in the mitophagy pathway. Our findings suggest that 6-FS may be used as a medicinal supplement for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Junbo Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Aimin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Diseases, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
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Pogačnik L, Ota A, Poklar Ulrih N. An Overview of Crucial Dietary Substances and Their Modes of Action for Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:E576. [PMID: 32121302 PMCID: PMC7140513 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis are becoming one of the main health concerns due to the increasing aging of the world's population. These diseases often share the same biological mechanisms, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and/or protein fibrillation. Recently, there have been many studies published pointing out the possibilities to reduce and postpone the clinical manifestation of these deadly diseases through lifelong consumption of some crucial dietary substances, among which phytochemicals (e.g., polyphenols) and endogenous substances (e.g., acetyl-L-carnitine, coenzyme Q10, n-3 poysaturated fatty acids) showed the most promising results. Another important issue that has been pointed out recently is the availability of these substances to the central nervous system, where they have to be present in high enough concentrations in order to exhibit their neuroprotective properties. As so, such the aim of this review is to summarize the recent findings regarding neuroprotective substances, their mechanisms of action, as well as to point out therapeutic considerations, including their bioavailability and safety for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (L.P.); (A.O.)
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El-Saber Batiha G, Alkazmi LM, Wasef LG, Beshbishy AM, Nadwa EH, Rashwan EK. Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae): Traditional Uses, Bioactive Chemical Constituents, Pharmacological and Toxicological Activities. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020202. [PMID: 32019140 PMCID: PMC7072209 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicinal products have been documented as a significant source for discovering new pharmaceutical molecules that have been used to treat serious diseases. Many plant species have been reported to have pharmacological activities attributable to their phytoconstituents such are glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenes, etc. Syzygium aromaticum (clove) is a traditional spice that has been used for food preservation and possesses various pharmacological activities. S. aromaticum is rich in many phytochemicals as follows: sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, hydrocarbon, and phenolic compounds. Eugenyl acetate, eugenol, and β-caryophyllene are the most significant phytochemicals in clove oil. Pharmacologically, S. aromaticum has been examined toward various pathogenic parasites and microorganisms, including pathogenic bacteria, Plasmodium, Babesia, Theileria parasites, Herpes simplex, and hepatitis C viruses. Several reports documented the analgesic, antioxidant, anticancer, antiseptic, anti-depressant, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, and antibacterial activity of eugenol against several pathogenic bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus. Moreover, eugenol was found to protect against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and showed a potential lethal efficacy against the multiplication of various parasites including Giardia lamblia, Fasciola gigantica, Haemonchus contortus, and Schistosoma mansoni. This review examines the phytochemical composition and biological activities of clove extracts along with clove essential oil and the main active compound, eugenol, and implicates new findings from gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt;
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel./Fax: +20-45-271-6024
| | - Luay M. Alkazmi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lamiaa G. Wasef
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt;
| | - Amany Magdy Beshbishy
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13, Inada-cho, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Eman H. Nadwa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Eman K. Rashwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assuit 71524, Egypt;
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka 42421, Saudi Arabia
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Fei F, Su N, Li X, Fei Z. Neuroprotection mediated by natural products and their chemical derivatives. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:2008-2015. [PMID: 32394948 PMCID: PMC7716029 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.282240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal injuries can lead to various diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, trauma, ischemia and, more specifically, glaucoma and optic neuritis. The cellular mechanisms that regulate neuronal death include calcium influx and calcium overload, excitatory amino acid release, oxidative stress, inflammation and microglial activation. Much attention has been paid to the effective prevention and treatment of neuroprotective drugs by natural products. This review summarizes the neuroprotective aspects of natural products, extracted from Panax ginseng, Camellia sinensis, soy and some other plants, and some of their chemical derivatives. Their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory action and their inhibition of apoptosis and microglial activation are assessed. This will provide new directions for the development of novel drugs and strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Mini review-vanadium-induced neurotoxicity and possible targets. Neurol Sci 2019; 41:763-768. [PMID: 31838631 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium, a transition metal, ubiquitous in nature is known to have therapeutic effect as well as toxic effect. It is known to possess antidiabetic, antitumor and antiparasitic activity. However, on long term exposure, it produces neurotoxicity which may result in memory impairment. The possible mechanism known to cause neurotoxicity suggested is oxidative stress and inflammation of neuronal cells. The present review has focused on discussing the role of protein P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and oxidative stress as possible targets to treat vanadium-induced neurotoxicity.
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Larrea tridentata Extract Mitigates Oxidative Stress-Induced Cytotoxicity in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100427. [PMID: 31557847 PMCID: PMC6827101 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Creosote bush (Larrea tridentata; LT) leaves extracts were tested for their potential efficacy to mitigate cellular oxidative stress on human SH-SY5Y cells. Here, the differential nuclear staining assay, a bioimager system, and flow cytometric protocols, concurrently with several specific chemicals, were used to measure the percentage of cell viability and several facets implicated in the cytoprotective mechanism of LT extracts. Initially, three LT extracts, prepared with different solvents, ethanol, ethanol:water (e/w), and water, were tested for their capacity to rescue the viability of cells undergoing aggressive H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Results indicate that the LT extract prepared with a mixture of ethanol:water (LT-e/w; 60:40% v/v) displayed the most effective cytoprotection rescue activity. Interestingly, by investigating the LT-e/w mechanism of action, it was found that LT-e/w extract decreases the levels of H2O2-provoked reactive oxidative species (ROS) accumulation, mitochondrial depolarization, phosphatidylserine externalization, caspase-3/7 activation, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage significantly, which are hallmarks of apoptosis. Thus, out of the three LT extracts tested, our findings highlight that the LT-e/w extract was the most effective protective reagent on SH-SY5Y cells undergoing oxidative stress in vitro, functioning as a natural anti-apoptotic extract. These findings warrant further LT-e/w extract examination in a holistic context.
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da S. Hage-Melim LI, Ferreira JV, de Oliveira NK, Correia LC, Almeida MR, Poiani JG, Taft CA, de Paula da Silva CH. The Impact of Natural Compounds on the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190327100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are characterized by a progressive deterioration of the motor and/or cognitive function, that are often accompanied by psychiatric disorders, caused by a selective loss of neurons in the central nervous system. Among the NDDs we can mention Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinocerebellar ataxia 3 (SCA3), spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). AD and HD are characterized mainly by massive neuronal loss. PD, ALS, SCA3 and SBMA are agerelated diseases which have characteristic motor symptoms. CJD is an NDD caused by prion proteins. With increasing life expectancy, elderly populations tend to have more health problems, such as chronic diseases related to age and disability. Therefore, the development of therapeutic strategies to treat or prevent multiple pathophysiological conditions in the elderly can improve the expectation and quality of life. The attention of researchers has been focused on bioactive natural compounds that represent important resources in the discovery and development of drug candidates against NDDs. In this review, we discuss the pathogenesis, symptoms, potential targets, treatment and natural compounds effective in the treatment of AD, PD, HD, ALS, SCA3, SBMA and CJD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorane I. da S. Hage-Melim
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Brazil
| | - Jaderson V. Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Brazil
| | - Nayana K.S. de Oliveira
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Brazil
| | - Lenir C. Correia
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Brazil
| | - Marcos R.S. Almeida
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Brazil
| | - João G.C. Poiani
- Laboratorio Computacional de Química Farmaceutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlton A. Taft
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos H.T. de Paula da Silva
- Laboratorio Computacional de Química Farmaceutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Postu PA, Sadiki FZ, El Idrissi M, Cioanca O, Trifan A, Hancianu M, Hritcu L. Pinus halepensis essential oil attenuates the toxic Alzheimer’s amyloid beta (1-42)-induced memory impairment and oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Wang J, Cheng C, Xin C, Wang Z. The Antidepressant-like Effect of Flavonoids from Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Seeds in Chronic Restraint Stress Mice via Modulation of Monoamine Regulatory Pathways. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061105. [PMID: 30897781 PMCID: PMC6471463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum) seeds flavonoids (FSF) have diverse biological activities, while the antidepressant-like effect of FSF has been seldom explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of FSF and to identify the potential molecular mechanisms. LC-MS/MS was used for the determination of FSF. Chronic restraint stress (CRS) was used to establish the animal model of depression. Observation of exploratory behavior in the forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and sucrose preference test (SPT) indicated the stress level. The serum corticosterone (CORT) level was measured. The monoamine neurotransmitters (5-HT, NE and DA) and their metabolites, as well as monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) enzyme activity in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum, were evaluated. The protein expression levels of KLF11, SIRT1, MAO-A were also determined by western blot analysis. The results showed that FSF treatment significantly reversed the CRS-induced behavioral abnormalities, including reduced sucrose preference and increased immobility time. FSF administration markedly restored CRS induced changes in concentrations of serum corticosterone, prefrontal cortex neurotransmitters (NE, 5-HT and DA), hippocampus neurotransmitters (NE, 5-HT and DA) and striatum neurotransmitters (NE). FSF treatment exhibited significant inhibition of MAO-A activity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. FSF also significantly down-regulated the KLF11, SIRT1 and MAO-A protein expression levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. These findings indicate that FSF could exhibit an antidepressant-like effect by down-regulating the KLF11/SIRT1-MAO-A pathways, inhibiting MAO-A expression and activity, as well as up-regulating monoamine neurotransmitters levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Wang
- Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Cuilin Cheng
- Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Chao Xin
- Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
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Mitochondrial calcium dysfunction contributes to autophagic cell death induced by MPP+ via AMPK pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 509:390-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Chen C, Xia B, Tang L, Wu W, Tang J, Liang Y, Yang H, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Chen G, Yang Y, Zhao Y. Echinacoside protects against MPTP/MPP +-induced neurotoxicity via regulating autophagy pathway mediated by Sirt1. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:203-212. [PMID: 30426321 PMCID: PMC6351520 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common chronic neurodegenerative disease and greatly affects the quality of PD patients' life. Current symptomatic treatment of PD is limited. There are no effective treatment and drugs that could radically cure PD. Increasing experimental evidence has proven a causal relationship between alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein, α-syn) and the neuropathology of Parkinson's diseases, although the exact pathophysiological role of α-synuclein is not fully clarified. Previous studies showed that monomers and polymers of α-synuclein were secreted from damaged nerve cells via exocytosis and occupied healthy nerve cells via endocytosis, which afford evidence for the prion-like role of α-synuclein. Autophagy is the known mechanism for eukaryotic cells to degrade protein polymers and damaged organelles that proteasome does not cope with. Therefore, promoting the clearance of α-synuclein by enhancing autophagy in neuronal cells could be a promising treatment in the early stage of PD. SIRT1 is a potent regulator of autophagy, because it deacetylates a mass of important transcription factors such as Forkhead Box subgroup O (FoxO) transcription factors family. SIRT1's action relates to FoxO, because FoxO transcription factors are involved in various molecular pathways underlying neuronal protection and autophagy. Moreover, Sirt1 deacetylates proautophagic proteins such as Atg5, Atg7, and Atg8. Echinacoside (ECH) is the main active ingredient of a widely used Chinese herb cistanche, which has been proven to elicit neuroprotective effects in models of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we found that ECH could improve PD-like symptoms in MPTP-lesioned mouse model. We further showed that the underlying mechanism of the action of ECH was associated with enhancing autophagy in neurons via bind to Sirt1 directly and affect FoxO expression. Our study demonstrated ECH as a potential therapeutic agent against PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baomei Xia
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lili Tang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juanjuan Tang
- Physiology Research Section, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhennian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Center for Translational Systems Biology and Neuroscience, School of Basic Biomedical Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Center for Modernization of Chinese medicine and database, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Chen J, Shi X, Chen Y, Liang H, Cheng C, He Q. Neuroprotective effects of chloroform and aqueous fractions of noni juice against t-Butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative damage in SH-SY5Y cells. Food Nutr Res 2018; 62:1605. [PMID: 30622453 PMCID: PMC6303734 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is more likely to cause damage to neuronal cells and mediates some neurodegenerative disorders. It is well known that natural antioxidants can prevent oxidative stress damage and become a potential therapeutic strategy. Noni juice obtained from the fruit of the tree Morinda citrifolia, as a folk medicine, has been used for over two thousand years. In the current study, the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of noni juice extracts against tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced SH-SY5Y cell damage were investigated. The results demonstrated that chloroform fraction (CF) and aqueous fraction (AF) of noni juice protected SH-SY5Y cells against TBHP-induced oxidative stress and the associated apoptosis effectively. CF and AF treatment significantly weakened the TBHP-induced cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and apoptotic features. CF and AF restored cellular antioxidant enzyme activity; upregulated expression of heme oxygenase-1, catalase, and superoxide dismutase-1; and increased the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). The antioxidant and neuroprotection potential of CF may account for its high total phenolic and flavonoid content, while AF may be rich in polysaccharides. These results suggest that CF and AF exhibit antioxidant defense through the upregulation of Nrf2 along with endogenous antioxidants and reduce apoptosis via inhibiting the mitochondrial pathway to protect SH-SY5Y cells damaged by TBHP. CF and AF might be developed as agents for neurodegeneration prevention or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Chen
- Inner Mongolia Mengniu Diary Industry Group Co, Ltd, China
| | - Xue Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanqiao Liang
- Inner Mongolia Mengniu Diary Industry Group Co, Ltd, China
| | - Chi Cheng
- Inner Mongolia Mengniu Diary Industry Group Co, Ltd, China
| | - Qiyang He
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Curative Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Chinese Optimized Yinxieling Formula in Models of Parkinson's Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6142065. [PMID: 30519267 PMCID: PMC6241364 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6142065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is marked by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DAN) accompanied by glial activation. Thus, inhibiting glial activation that occurs during this disease could be an effective method for treating PD. Optimized Yinxieling Formula (OYF), a Chinese medicinal formula, which is used to efficiently treat autoimmune disease psoriasis, has been proved to display potential immunomodulatory effects in inflammation-associated diseases. This study assessed the therapeutic benefits of OYF on glial-mediated neuroinflammation and neuroprotection in PD models in vitro and in vivo. First, the results showed that OYF significantly suppresses LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokine secretion and attenuates the overall inflammatory responses in BV-2 cells. Second, in vivo studies confirm that while the validity of our MPTP-induced PD mouse models possesses activated glia and significant neurobehavioral dysfunction, pretreatment with OYF prevents glial activation and ameliorates movement dysfunction in the MPTP-induced PD mouse models as evaluated by the pole and rotarod tests. Third, transcriptomic analyses were carried out to reveal the underlying molecular mechanism of the OYF treatment. Sixteen pathways were significantly upregulated in the OYF-treated PD model mice, including the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecules, coagulation, and complement cascades. Fifteen pathways were significantly downregulated in the OYF-treated PD model mice, such as the natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, hematopoietic cell lineage, phagosome, and others. These pathways share direct or indirect features of immunomodulation, suggesting that the physiological effects of OYF involve key roles of immune and inflammation regulations. Therefore, we prove that OYF is a useful immunomodulatory formula in developing prevention and treatment methods for neurodegenerative disease PD.
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Ramalingam M, Kim H, Lee Y, Lee YI. Phytochemical and Pharmacological Role of Liquiritigenin and Isoliquiritigenin From Radix Glycyrrhizae in Human Health and Disease Models. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:348. [PMID: 30443212 PMCID: PMC6221911 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing lifespan in developed countries results in age-associated chronic diseases. Biological aging is a complex process associated with accumulated cellular damage by environmental or genetic factors with increasing age. Aging results in marked changes in brain structure and function. Age-related neurodegenerative diseases and disorders (NDDs) represent an ever-growing socioeconomic challenge and lead to an overall reduction in quality of life around the world. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are most common degenerative neurological disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) in aging process. The low levels of acetylcholine and dopamine are major neuropathological feature of NDDs in addition to oxidative stress, intracellular calcium ion imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, ubiquitin-proteasome system impairment and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Current treatments minimally influence these diseases and are ineffective in curing the multifunctional pathological mechanisms. Synthetic neuroprotective agents sometimes have negative reactions as an adverse effect in humans. Recently, numerous ethnobotanical studies have reported that herbal medicines for the treatment or prevention of NDDs are significantly better than synthetic drug treatment. Medicinal herbs have traditionally been used around the world for centuries. Radix Glycyrrhizae (RG) is the dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis or G. glabra or G. inflata from the Leguminosae/Fabaceae family. It has been used for centuries in traditional medicine as a life enhancer, for the treatment of coughs and influenza, and for detoxification. Diverse chemical constituents from RG have reported including flavanones, chalcones, triterpenoid saponins, coumarines, and other glycosides. Among them, flavanone liquiritigenin (LG) and its precursor and isomer chalcone isoliquiritigenin (ILG) are the main bioactive constituents of RG. In the present review, we summarize evidence in the literature on the structure and phytochemical properties and pharmacological applications of LG and ILG in age-related diseases to establish new therapeutics to improve human health and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Ramalingam
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyojung Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yunjong Lee
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea.,Companion Diagnostics and Medical Technology Research Group, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, South Korea
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Anacardium microcarpum Promotes Neuroprotection Dependently of AKT and ERK Phosphorylation but Does Not Prevent Mitochondrial Damage by 6-OHDA. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2131895. [PMID: 30510616 PMCID: PMC6231360 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2131895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a degenerative and progressive illness characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a widespread model for induction of molecular and behavioral alterations similar to Parkinson and has contributed for testing of compounds with neuroprotective potential. The Brazilian plant Anacardium microcarpum is used in folk medicine for treatment of several illnesses; however, the knowledge about toxicology and biological effects for this plant is very rare. The neuroprotective effect from hydroalcoholic extract and methanolic and acetate fraction of A. microcarpum on 6-OHDA-induced damage on chicken brain slices was investigated in this study. 6-OHDA decreased cellular viability measured by MTT reduction assay, induced lipid peroxidation by HPLC, stimulated Glutathione-S-Transferase and Thioredoxin Reductase activity, and decreased Glutathione Peroxidase activity and the total content of thiols containing compounds. The methanolic fraction of A. microcarpum presented the better neuroprotective effects in 6-OHDA-induced damage in relation with hydroalcoholic and acetate fraction. The presence of AKT and ERK1/2 pharmacological inhibitors blocked the protective effect of methanolic fraction suggesting the involvement of survival pathways in the neuroprotection by the plant. The plant did not prevent 6-OHDA autoxidation or 6-OHDA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, the neuroprotective effect of the methanolic fraction of A. microcarpum appears to be attributed in part to chelating properties of extract toward reactive species and is dependent on ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation. This study contributes to the understanding of biochemical mechanisms implied in neuroprotective effects of the vegetal species A. microcarpum.
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Zeinsteger PA, Barberón JL, Leaden PJ, Palacios A. Antioxidant properties of Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae) on Fe2+-initiated peroxidation of rat brain mitochondria. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Prasansuklab A, Tencomnao T. Acanthus ebracteatus leaf extract provides neuronal cell protection against oxidative stress injury induced by glutamate. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:278. [PMID: 30326896 PMCID: PMC6192065 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acanthus ebracteatus (AE), an herb native to Asia, has been recognized in traditional folk medicine not only for its antioxidant properties and various pharmacological activities but also as an ingredient of longevity formulas. However, its anti-neurodegenerative potential is not yet clearly known. This work aimed to evaluate the protective effect of AE leaf extract against glutamate-induced oxidative damage in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells, a neurodegenerative model system due to a reduction in glutathione levels and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS). METHODS Cell viability, apoptosis, and ROS assays were performed to assess the protective effect of AE leaf extract against glutamate-induced oxidative toxicity in HT22 cells. The antioxidant capacity of AE was evaluated using in vitro radical scavenging assays. The subcellular localization of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and the mRNA and protein levels of genes associated with the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant system were determined to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effect of AE leaf extract. RESULTS We demonstrated that AE leaf extract is capable of attenuating the intracellular ROS generation and HT22 cell death induced by glutamate in a concentration-dependent manner. Co-treatment of glutamate with the extract significantly reduced apoptotic cell death via inhibition of AIF nuclear translocation. The increases in Nrf2 levels in the nucleus and gene expression levels of antioxidant-related downstream genes under Nrf2 control were found to be significant in cells treated with the extract. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that AE leaf extract possesses neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced oxidative injury and may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Özdemir A, Sever B, Altıntop MD, Kaya Tilki E, Dikmen M. Design, Synthesis, and Neuroprotective Effects of a Series of Pyrazolines against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2018; 23:E2151. [PMID: 30150574 PMCID: PMC6225304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, and age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons caused by the accumulation of free radicals and oxidative stress. Based on the neuroprotective properties of 2-pyrazoline derivatives, in the current work, 1-(phenyl/4-substituted phenyl)-3-(2-furanyl/thienyl)-5-aryl-2-pyrazolines (3a⁻i, 4a⁻i) were synthesized via the cyclization of the chalcones (1, 2) with suitable phenylhydrazine hydrochloride derivatives. All these compounds were investigated for their neuroprotective effects using an in vitro 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced neurotoxicity model of PD in the rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) Adh cell line. In addition, some different pharmacokinetic parameters of all compounds were in silico predicted by the QikProp module of Schrödinger's Maestro molecular modeling package. 4-Methylsulfonylphenyl substituted compounds 3h (20%) and 4h (23%) were determined as the most promising neuroprotective agents related to their inductive roles in cell viability when compared with the 6-OHDA-positive control group (43% and 42%, respectively). Moreover, in silico pharmacokinetic results indicated that all compounds were within the acceptable range intended for human use. According to both in vitro and in silico studies, compounds 3h and 4h draw attention as potential orally bioavailable therapeutic drug candidates against neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Özdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Belgin Sever
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Mehlika Dilek Altıntop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Elif Kaya Tilki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
| | - Miriş Dikmen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey.
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Levodopa-Reduced Mucuna pruriens Seed Extract Shows Neuroprotective Effects against Parkinson's Disease in Murine Microglia and Human Neuroblastoma Cells, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091139. [PMID: 30131460 PMCID: PMC6164394 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucuna pruriens (Mucuna) has been prescribed in Ayurveda for various brain ailments including 'kampavata' (tremors) or Parkinson's disease (PD). While Mucuna is a well-known natural source of levodopa (L-dopa), published studies suggest that other bioactive compounds may also be responsible for its anti-PD effects. To investigate this hypothesis, an L-dopa reduced (<0.1%) M. pruriens seeds extract (MPE) was prepared and evaluated for its anti-PD effects in cellular (murine BV-2 microglia and human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells), Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster models. In BV-2 cells, MPE (12.5⁻50 μg/mL) reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity (15.7-18.6%), decreased reactive oxygen species production (29.1-61.6%), and lowered lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide species release by 8.9⁻60%. MPE (12.5-50 μg/mL) mitigated SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis by 6.9-40.0% in a non-contact co-culture assay with cell-free supernatants from LPS-treated BV-2 cells. MPE (12.5-50 μg/mL) reduced 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cell death of SH-SY5Y cells by 11.85⁻38.5%. Furthermore, MPE (12.5-50 μg/mL) increased median (25%) and maximum survival (47.8%) of C. elegans exposed to the dopaminergic neurotoxin, methyl-4-phenylpyridinium. MPE (40 μg/mL) ameliorated dopaminergic neurotoxin (6-OHDA and rotenone) induced precipitation of innate negative geotaxis behavior of D. melanogaster by 35.3 and 32.8%, respectively. Therefore, MPE contains bioactive compounds, beyond L-dopa, which may impart neuroprotective effects against PD.
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Khalatbary AR, Khademi E. The green tea polyphenolic catechin epigallocatechin gallate and neuroprotection. Nutr Neurosci 2018; 23:281-294. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1500124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Khalatbary
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Emad Khademi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Prasansuklab A, Theerasri A, Payne M, Ung AT, Tencomnao T. Acid-base fractions separated from Streblus asper leaf ethanolic extract exhibited antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and neuroprotective activities. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 18:223. [PMID: 30041641 PMCID: PMC6057052 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streblus asper is a well-known plant native to Southeast Asia. Different parts of the plant have been traditionally used for various medicinal purposes. However, there is very little scientific evidence reporting its therapeutic benefits for potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study aimed to evaluate antibacterial, antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition, and neuroprotective properties of S. asper leaf extracts with the primary objective of enhancing therapeutic applications and facilitating activity-guided isolation of the active chemical constituents. METHODS The leaves of S. asper were extracted in ethanol and subsequently fractionated into neutral, acid and base fractions. The phytochemical constituents of each fraction were analyzed using GC-MS. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using a broth microdilution method. The antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. The neuroprotective activity against glutamate-induced toxicity was tested on hippocampal neuronal HT22 cell line by evaluating the cell viability using MTT assay. The AChE inhibitory activity was screened by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) bioautographic method. RESULTS The partition of the S. asper ethanolic leaf extract yielded the highest mass of phytochemical constitutions in the neutral fraction and the lowest in the basic fraction. Amongst the three fractions, the acidic fraction showed the strongest antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria. The antioxidant activities of three fractions were found in the order of acidic > basic > neutral, whereas the decreasing order of neuroprotective activity was neutral > basic > acidic. TLC bioautography revealed one component in the neutral fraction exhibited anti-AChE activity. While in the acid fraction, two components showed inhibitory activity against AChE. GC-MS analysis of three fractions showed the presence of major phytochemical constituents including terpenoids, steroids, phenolics, fatty acids, and lipidic plant hormone. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of three fractions extracted from S. asper leaves as a promising natural source for neuroprotective agents with additional actions of antibacterials and antioxidants, along with AChE inhibitors that will benefit in the development of new natural compounds in therapies against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchalee Prasansuklab
- Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Atsadang Theerasri
- Program in Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
| | - Matthew Payne
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Alison T. Ung
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Age-Related Inflammation and Degeneration Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330 Thailand
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El-Sayed EK, Ahmed A, Morsy EE, Nofal S. Neuroprotective effect of agmatine (decarboxylated l-arginine) against oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in rotenone model of Parkinson's disease. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:173-184. [PMID: 30001633 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118788139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta, accompanied by motor and nonmotor symptoms. The neuropathological hallmarks of PD are well reported, but the etiology of the disease is still undefined; several studies assume that oxidative stress, mitochondrial defects, and neuroinflammation play vital roles in the progress of the disease. The current study was established to investigate the neuroprotective effect of agmatine on a rotenone (ROT)-induced experimental model of PD. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were subcutaneously injected with ROT at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight for 35 days. Agmatine was injected intraperitoneally at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, 1 h prior to ROT administration. ROT-treated rats that received agmatine showed better performance on beam walking and an elevated number of rears within the cylinder test. In addition, agmatine reduced midbrain malondialdehyde as an indication of lipid peroxidation, pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1β, and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Moreover, agmatine was responsible for preventing loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons. In conclusion, our study showed that agmatine possesses a dose-dependent neuroprotective effect through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. These findings need further clinical investigations of agmatine as a promising neuroprotective agent for the future treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K El-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aae Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Em El Morsy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Nofal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ein Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
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Senthilkumar A, Karuvantevida N, Rastrelli L, Kurup SS, Cheruth AJ. Traditional Uses, Pharmacological Efficacy, and Phytochemistry of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori. -A Review. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:465. [PMID: 29867473 PMCID: PMC5958191 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Moringa is a sole genus of Moringaceae family with 13 species distributed in the tropical and sub-tropical regions. Among them, Moringa peregrina is one of the species which has wide range of traditional, nutritional, industrial, and medicinal values. The plant parts are used in folk medicine for many human health care purposes including diabetes, wound healing, disinfectant, fever, constipation, muscle pains, slimness, burns, labor pain, hypertension, malaria, stomach disorder, asthma, skin problems, and to expel a retained placenta. In addition to medicinal value, M. peregrina has cultural, spiritual, and religious connections with the native people of Arabian Peninsula. M. peregrina plant parts were tested for many pharmacological activities viz, antioxidant, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-spasmodic, hypertension, hepatotoxicity, lipid lowering activity, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and memory disorders. Few active molecules belong to the class isothiocyanate, flavonoid, triterpenoid, phytosterol, polyphenol, and glycoside were also isolated, identified and reported for anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anthelmintic, anti-mutagenic, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic, anti-infective, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, herbicidal, lipid lowering potential, anti-trypanosomal, and cytotoxic activities. So, the aim of the present review is to provide comprehensive information from recognized sources on the traditional uses, pharmacological efficacy and phytochemistry of the desert medicinal plant, M. peregrina. The information provided in this review will be very useful for further studies to develop novel therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annadurai Senthilkumar
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noushad Karuvantevida
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Shyam S Kurup
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdul J Cheruth
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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