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Zhang Q, Wu W, Guo F, Li J, Jin Y, Cai G, Yang Y. Characteristics of Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites in Patients with Colorectal Cancer-Associated Iron Deficiency Anemia. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1319. [PMID: 39065088 PMCID: PMC11279063 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) have a high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), and the gut microbiota is closely related to iron metabolism. We performed metagenomic and metabolomic analyses of stool samples from 558 eligible samples, including IDA CRC patients (IDA, n = 69), non-anemia CRC patients (Non-Anemia, n = 245), and healthy controls (CTRL, n = 244), to explore the dynamically altered gut microbes and their metabolites. Compared with the CTRL group, fecal bacteria in both the IDA group and the Non-Anemia group showed a decrease in alpha diversity and changes in microbial communities. Flavonifractor plautii (F. plautii) increases progressively from CTRL to Non-Anemia to IDA, accompanied by decreased trimethoxyflavanone and a downregulated KO gene, megDIII. In the Non-Anemia group, Parabacteroides showed a specifically elevated abundance positively correlated with enriched 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. The intricate correlations among gut microbiota, metabolites, and KO genes were uncovered and highlighted, implicating an aberrant iron metabolism vulnerable to chronic inflammation during the deterioration of the anemic condition. Furthermore, the amount of F. plautii in feces achieved independent and effective prediction performance for the poor outcome of CRC. Perturbed host-microbe interplays represent a novel prospect for explaining the pathogenesis of CRC-associated IDA. The fecal microbial features also reflect the associations between IDA and elevated CRC recurrence risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyuan Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fanying Guo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinming Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yutao Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guoxiang Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongzhi Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Anjum S, Naseer F, Ahmad T, Jahan F, Qadir H, Gul R, Kousar K, Sarwar A, Shabbir A. Enhancing therapeutic efficacy: sustained delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) via thiolated chitosan nanoparticles targeting CD44 in triple-negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11431. [PMID: 38763930 PMCID: PMC11102914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55900-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Our current study reports the successful synthesis of thiolated chitosan-based nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery of 5-Fluorouracil. This process was achieved through the ionic gelation technique, aiming to improve the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic moiety by modifying the surface of the nanoparticles (NPs) with a ligand. We coated these NPs with hyaluronic acid (HA) to actively target the CD44 receptor, which is frequently overexpressed in various solid malignancies, including breast cancer. XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM were used for the physicochemical analysis of the NPs. These 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) loaded NPs were evaluated on MDA-MB-231 (a triple-negative breast cell line) and MCF-10A (normal epithelial breast cells) to determine their in vitro efficacy. The developed 5-FU-loaded NPs exhibited a particle size within a favorable range (< 300 nm). The positive zeta potential of these nanoparticles facilitated their uptake by negatively charged cancer cells. Moreover, they demonstrated robust stability and achieved high encapsulation efficiency. These nanoparticles exhibited significant cytotoxicity compared to the crude drug (p < 0.05) and displayed a promising release pattern consistent with the basic diffusion model. These traits improve the pharmacokinetic profile, efficacy, and ability to precisely target these nanoparticles, offering a potentially successful anticancer treatment for breast cancer. However, additional in vivo assessments of these formulations are obligatory to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Anjum
- Department of Biology, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiza Naseer
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Tahir Ahmad
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faryal Jahan
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Halima Qadir
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Gul
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kousain Kousar
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Atif Sarwar
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdallah Shabbir
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Kwiatos N, Atila D, Puchalski M, Kumaravel V, Steinbüchel A. Cyanophycin modifications for applications in tissue scaffolding. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:264. [PMID: 38489042 PMCID: PMC10943155 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Cyanophycin (CGP) is a polypeptide consisting of amino acids-aspartic acid in the backbone and arginine in the side chain. Owing to its resemblance to cell adhesive motifs in the body, it can be considered suitable for use in biomedical applications as a novel component to facilitate cell attachment and tissue regeneration. Although it has vast potential applications, starting with nutrition, through drug delivery and tissue engineering to the production of value-added chemicals and biomaterials, CGP has not been brought to the industry yet. To develop scaffolds using CGP powder produced by bacteria, its properties (e.g., biocompatibility, morphology, biodegradability, and mechanical strength) should be tailored in terms of the requirements of the targeted tissue. Crosslinking commonly stands for a primary modification method for renovating biomaterial features to these extents. Herein, we aimed to crosslink CGP for the first time and present a comparative study of different methods of CGP crosslinking including chemical, physical, and enzymatic methods by utilizing glutaraldehyde (GTA), UV exposure, genipin, 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS), and monoamine oxidase (MAO). Crosslinking efficacy varied among the samples crosslinked via the different crosslinking methods. All crosslinked CGP were non-cytotoxic to L929 cells, except for the groups with higher GTA concentrations. We conclude that CGP is a promising candidate for scaffolding purposes to be used as part of a composite with other biomaterials to maintain the integrity of scaffolds. The initiative study demonstrated the unknown characteristics of crosslinked CGP, even though its feasibility for biomedical applications should be confirmed by further examinations. KEY POINTS: • Cyanophycin was crosslinked by 5 different methods • Crosslinked cyanophycin is non-cytotoxic to L929 cells • Crosslinked cyanophycin is a promising new material for scaffolding purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kwiatos
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials-International Research Agenda (ICRI-BioM), Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Deniz Atila
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials-International Research Agenda (ICRI-BioM), Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, Łódź, Poland
| | - Michał Puchalski
- Institute of Material Science of Textile and Polymer Composites, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, Łódź, Poland
| | - Vignesh Kumaravel
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials-International Research Agenda (ICRI-BioM), Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Alexander Steinbüchel
- International Centre for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials-International Research Agenda (ICRI-BioM), Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, Łódź, Poland
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Wang FM, Xu LQ, Zhang ZC, Guo Q, Du ZP, Lei Y, Han X, Wu CY, Zhao F, Chen JL. SLC7A8 overexpression inhibits the growth and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma and is correlated with a dismal prognosis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:1605-1619. [PMID: 38244585 PMCID: PMC10866399 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of solute carrier family 7 member 8 (SLC7A8) has been shown to relate to the survival time and tumor progression in cancer patients. However, the role of SLC7A8 in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still obscure. METHOD The relationships between SLC7A8 expression in LUAD tissues and clinical values as well as immune infiltration were explored through bioinformatics. The functions and pathways of SLC7A8 in LUAD were investigated using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Western blotting, and other methods. RESULTS We found that the expression of SLC7A8 was decreased significantly in LUAD tissues compared with normal tissues, which was related to the dismal survival time and disease progression. Moreover, it carried diagnostic value in LUAD and was a risk factor for dismal prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis indicated that the expression level of SLC7A8 carried significant diagnostic value in LUAD. Overexpression of SLC7A8 inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of LUAD cells, likely through a mechanism involving the cell cycle. SLC7A8 expression in LUAD was significantly correlated with the infiltration of immune cells, especially B cells, interstitial dendritic cells, mast cells, CD56 bright cells, natural killer cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, T follicular helper cells, T helper 2 and 17 cells, and immune factors. CONCLUSION The downregulation of SLC7A8 was related to a dismal prognosis and immune cell infiltration in LUAD. Increasing the expression of SLC7A8 inhibited the growth and migration of LUAD cells, thereby improving the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Ming Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Qiang Xu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhong-Chao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Lei
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuang-Yan Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiu-Ling Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ahamed A, Hosea R, Wu S, Kasim V. The Emerging Roles of the Metabolic Regulator G6PD in Human Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17238. [PMID: 38139067 PMCID: PMC10743588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming, especially reprogrammed glucose metabolism, is a well-known cancer hallmark related to various characteristics of tumor cells, including proliferation, survival, metastasis, and drug resistance. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), a branch of glycolysis, that converts glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) into 6-phosphogluconolactone (6PGL). Furthermore, PPP produces ribose-5-phosphate (R5P), which provides sugar-phosphate backbones for nucleotide synthesis as well as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), an important cellular reductant. Several studies have shown enhanced G6PD expression and PPP flux in various tumor cells, as well as their correlation with tumor progression through cancer hallmark regulation, especially reprogramming cellular metabolism, sustaining proliferative signaling, resisting cell death, and activating invasion and metastasis. Inhibiting G6PD could suppress tumor cell proliferation, promote cell death, reverse chemoresistance, and inhibit metastasis, suggesting the potential of G6PD as a target for anti-tumor therapeutic strategies. Indeed, while challenges-including side effects-still remain, small-molecule G6PD inhibitors showing potential anti-tumor effect either when used alone or in combination with other anti-tumor drugs have been developed. This review provides an overview of the structural significance of G6PD, its role in and regulation of tumor development and progression, and the strategies explored in relation to G6PD-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfar Ahamed
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Rendy Hosea
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shourong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Vivi Kasim
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
- The 111 Project Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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Starikova EA, Rubinstein AA, Mammedova JT, Isakov DV, Kudryavtsev IV. Regulated Arginine Metabolism in Immunopathogenesis of a Wide Range of Diseases: Is There a Way to Pass between Scylla and Charybdis? Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3525-3551. [PMID: 37185755 PMCID: PMC10137093 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
More than a century has passed since arginine was discovered, but the metabolism of the amino acid never ceases to amaze researchers. Being a conditionally essential amino acid, arginine performs many important homeostatic functions in the body; it is involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system and regeneration processes. In recent years, more and more facts have been accumulating that demonstrate a close relationship between arginine metabolic pathways and immune responses. This opens new opportunities for the development of original ways to treat diseases associated with suppressed or increased activity of the immune system. In this review, we analyze the literature describing the role of arginine metabolism in the immunopathogenesis of a wide range of diseases, and discuss arginine-dependent processes as a possible target for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora A Starikova
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L'va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Artem A Rubinstein
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Jennet T Mammedova
- Laboratory of General Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Isakov
- Medical Faculty, First Saint Petersburg State I. Pavlov Medical University, L'va Tolstogo St. 6-8, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor V Kudryavtsev
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Akademika Pavlova 12, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, FEFU Campus, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
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Potential Therapies Targeting the Metabolic Reprogramming of Diabetes-Associated Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13010157. [PMID: 36675817 PMCID: PMC9861470 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, diabetes-associated breast cancer has become a significant clinical challenge. Diabetes is not only a risk factor for breast cancer but also worsens its prognosis. Patients with diabetes usually show hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, which are accompanied by different glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism disorders. Metabolic abnormalities observed in diabetes can induce the occurrence and development of breast cancer. The changes in substrate availability and hormone environment not only create a favorable metabolic environment for tumorigenesis but also induce metabolic reprogramming events required for breast cancer cell transformation. Metabolic reprogramming is the basis for the development, swift proliferation, and survival of cancer cells. Metabolism must also be reprogrammed to support the energy requirements of the biosynthetic processes in cancer cells. In addition, metabolic reprogramming is essential to enable cancer cells to overcome apoptosis signals and promote invasion and metastasis. This review aims to describe the major metabolic changes in diabetes and outline how cancer cells can use cellular metabolic changes to drive abnormal growth and proliferation. We will specifically examine the mechanism of metabolic reprogramming by which diabetes may promote the development of breast cancer, focusing on the role of glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism in this process and potential therapeutic targets. Although diabetes-associated breast cancer has always been a common health problem, research focused on finding treatments suitable for the specific needs of patients with concurrent conditions is still limited. Most studies are still currently in the pre-clinical stage and mainly focus on reprogramming the glucose metabolism. More research targeting the amino acid and lipid metabolism is needed.
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Hassabo AA, Abdelraof M, Allam RM. L-arginase from Streptomyces diastaticus MAM5 as a potential therapeutic agent in breast cancer: Purification, characterization, G1 phase arrest and autophagy induction. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:634-645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Zhang Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhou D, Wu H, Cheng W, Wang Q, Zheng G, Wang J, Gu J. Effect of long noncoding RNA CCAT2 on drug sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil of breast cancer cells through microRNA-145 meditated by p53. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23176. [PMID: 35968984 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The current study was set out to investigate the mechanism by which silenced long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) colon cancer-associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) modulates the cell growth, migration, invasion, and drug sensitivity of breast cancer (BC) cells to 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) with the involvement of miR-145 and p53. First, high CCAT2 expression was presented in BC cells and tissues. Subsequently, the links between CCAT2 expression and BC clinicopathological features were analyzed. Highly-expressed CCAT2 was linked to lymph node metastasis, positive progesterone receptor, estrogen receptor, and Ki-67 of BC cells. Then, the gain- and loss-of-function approaches were performed to measure the regulatory role of CCAT2 in the biological processes of BC cells. Silencing of CCAT2 suppressed in vitro cell growth, proliferation, invasion, migration abilities, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, increased cell apoptosis, and enhanced drug sensitivity of BC cells. Silencing of CCAT2 upregulated miR-145, which was poorly expressed in drug-resistant BC cells. p53 can bind to the miR-145 promoter region and increase miR-145 expression. Upregulation of miR-145 induced by silencing of CCAT2 can be invalidated by p53-siRNA. To conclude, p53-induced activation of miR-145 could be inhibited by CCAT2, while overexpression of CCAT2 could improve the drug resistance of BC cells to 5-Fu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yueping Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daoping Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huaiguo Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingping Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guopei Zheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Juan Gu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Department of Pathology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Wuxi, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Kong C, Liang L, Liu G, Du L, Yang Y, Liu J, Shi D, Li X, Ma Y. Integrated metagenomic and metabolomic analysis reveals distinct gut-microbiome-derived phenotypes in early-onset colorectal cancer. Gut 2022; 72:1129-1142. [PMID: 35953094 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-327156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC) is steadily increasing. Here, we aimed to characterise the interactions between gut microbiome, metabolites and microbial enzymes in EO-CRC patients and evaluate their potential as non-invasive biomarkers for EO-CRC. DESIGN We performed metagenomic and metabolomic analyses, identified multiomics markers and constructed CRC classifiers for the discovery cohort with 130 late-onset CRC (LO-CRC), 114 EO-CRC subjects and age-matched healthy controls (97 LO-Control and 100 EO-Control). An independent cohort of 38 LO-CRC, 24 EO-CRC, 22 LO-Controls and 24 EO-Controls was analysed to validate the results. RESULTS Compared with controls, reduced alpha-diversity was apparent in both, LO-CRC and EO-CRC subjects. Although common variations existed, integrative analyses identified distinct microbiome-metabolome associations in LO-CRC and EO-CRC. Fusobacterium nucleatum enrichment and short-chain fatty acid depletion, including reduced microbial GABA biosynthesis and a shift in acetate/acetaldehyde metabolism towards acetyl-CoA production characterises LO-CRC. In comparison, multiomics signatures of EO-CRC tended to be associated with enriched Flavonifractor plauti and increased tryptophan, bile acid and choline metabolism. Notably, elevated red meat intake-related species, choline metabolites and KEGG orthology (KO) pldB and cbh gene axis may be potential tumour stimulators in EO-CRC. The predictive model based on metagenomic, metabolomic and KO gene markers achieved a powerful classification performance for distinguishing EO-CRC from controls. CONCLUSION Our large-sample multiomics data suggest that altered microbiome-metabolome interplay helps explain the pathogenesis of EO-CRC and LO-CRC. The potential of microbiome-derived biomarkers as promising non-invasive tools could be used for the accurate detection and distinction of individuals with EO-CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Kong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Liang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Liu
- Guangdong Hongyuan Pukang Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Guangdong, China
| | - Lutao Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong province, China
| | - Yongzhi Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqiang Liu
- Department of Endoscopy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Debing Shi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanlei Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Teperikidis E, Boulmpou A, Charalampidis P, Tsavousoglou C, Giannakoulas G, Papadopoulos CE, Vassilikos V. 5-Fluorouracil, capecitabine and vasospasm: a scoping review of pathogenesis, management options and future research considerations. Acta Cardiol 2022; 77:1-13. [PMID: 33683181 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2021.1873548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent that can cause cardiotoxicity manifesting, among others, as chest pain. Capecitabine is an oral prodrug of 5-FU, with reported preferential activation in malignant cells that may also cause cardiotoxic reactions. Standard treatment of 5-FU and capecitabine induced chest pain with vasodilators is mostly effective, but there are several cases of patients unresponsive to these agents. METHODS We performed a PubMed search on 31st May 2020. We used a three keyword search strategy using Boolean search operators. More specifically, we included fluorouracil or 5-FU or capecitabine and chest pain or angina and mechanism or treatment or management. We included primary reports of clinical and non-clinical data, as well as systematic reviews. Narrative reviews, expert opinions, letters to the editor and other forms of non-primary literature were excluded. RESULTS Our search yielded a total of 1595 reports. Of these, 1460 were narrative reviews or irrelevant to the topic and were excluded. A total of 135 reports were used for our review. We used 81 reports for data extraction, which included 13 clinical trials, 4 retrospective reports, 61 case reports, and 3 systematic reviews. CONCLUSION We report the incidence and predisposing factors, the value of available diagnostic procedures, and standard medical and invasive treatments. We also speculate on the potential benefit of arginine as a promising option both in prevention as well as treatment of 5-FU-induced chest pain. Finally, gaps of evidence are identified and proposals are made in terms of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios Teperikidis
- Third Department of Cardiology, Ιppokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Aristi Boulmpou
- Third Department of Cardiology, Ιppokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Charalampidis
- Third Department of Cardiology, Ιppokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- St Luke’s Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Chalil Tsavousoglou
- Third Department of Cardiology, Ιppokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Giannakoulas
- First Department of Cardiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christodoulos E. Papadopoulos
- Third Department of Cardiology, Ιppokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilios Vassilikos
- Third Department of Cardiology, Ιppokratio General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Meskers CJW, Franczak M, Smolenski RT, Giovannetti E, Peters GJ. Are we still on the right path(way)?: the altered expression of the pentose phosphate pathway in solid tumors and the potential of its inhibition in combination therapy. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2022; 18:61-83. [PMID: 35238253 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2022.2049234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) branches from glycolysis and is crucial for cell growth, since it provides necessary compounds for anabolic reactions, nucleotide synthesis, and detoxification of reactive-oxygen-species (ROS). Overexpression of PPP enzymes has been reported in multiple cancer types and linked to therapy resistance, making their inhibition interesting targets for anti-cancer therapies. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the extent of PPP upregulation across different cancer types, and the non-metabolic functions that PPP-enzymes might contribute to cancer initiation and maintenance. The effects of PPP-inhibition and their combinations with chemotherapeutics are summarized. We searched the databases provided by the University of Amsterdam to characterize the altered expression of the PPP across different cancer types, and to identify the effects of PPP-inhibition. EXPERT OPINION It can be concluded that there are synergistic and additive effects of PPP-inhibition and various classes of chemotherapeutics. These effects may be attributed to the increased susceptibility to ROS. However, the toxicity, low efficacy, and off-target effects of PPP-inhibitors make application in clinical practice challenging. Novel inhibitors are currently being developed, which could make PPP-inhibition a potential therapeutic strategy in the future, especially in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics and the inhibition of other metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J W Meskers
- Amsterdam University College, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam location VUMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marika Franczak
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Laboratory Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam location VUMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start Up Unit, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Laboratory Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam location VUMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
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13
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Alsalhi A, Ayon NJ, Coulibaly F, Alshamrani M, Al-Nafisah A, Youan BBC. Enhancing Etoposide Aqueous Solubility and Anticancer Activity with L-Arginine. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2021; 19:508-525. [PMID: 34757813 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2021.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is hypothesized that L-arginine (ARG) can improve etoposide (VP-16) water solubility while preserving its anticancer activity. Factorial design is used to identify conditions for optimum drug aqueous solubility after freeze-drying. The physicochemical properties of the optimized formulation is further analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Drug stability in formulation is analyzed using mass spectrometry based fragmentation analysis. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and cell viability assay on Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cell line are performed to assess the drug cellular uptake and the anticancer activity, respectively. At the VP-16: ARG ratio of 4:10 (w/w), the drug apparent solubility increased significantly (∼65-folds) with a 3.5-fold improvement in the drug dissolution rate. The interaction between VP-16 and ARG transforms the drug from crystalline to amorphous solid state. VP-16-ARG complex in lower native drug concentration range (50-300 μM) has lower anticancer activity compared with native VP-16, due to reduced intracellular transport of the more hydrophilic complex as indicated by the cell viability assay and confirmed by cell uptake study. However, at higher drug concentrations (500 μM) the complex's higher anticancer activity is ascribed to the synergistic effect between ARG and VP-16. These data suggest that an optimal ARG concentration can have positive effects with potential benefits for chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alsalhi
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas city, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Navid J Ayon
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas city, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Fohona Coulibaly
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas city, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Meshal Alshamrani
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas city, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Abrar Al-Nafisah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Bi-Botti C Youan
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas city, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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14
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Du T, Han J. Arginine Metabolism and Its Potential in Treatment of Colorectal Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658861. [PMID: 34095122 PMCID: PMC8172978 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the leading cause of death from cancer globally. The current treatment protocol still heavily relies on early detection and surgery. The molecular mechanisms underlying development of colorectal cancer are clinically important and determine the prognosis and treatment response. The arginine metabolism pathway is hyperactive in colorectal cancer and several molecules involved in the pathway are potential targets for chemoprevention and targeted colorectal cancer therapy. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), argininosuccinate synthetase and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) are the main enzymes for arginine metabolism. Limiting arginine-rich meat consumption and inhibiting ODC activity largely reduces polyamine synthesis and the incidence of colorectal cancer. Arginine transporter CAT-1 and Human member 14 of the solute carrier family 6 (SLC6A14) are overexpressed in colorectal cancer cells and contributes to intracellular arginine levels. Human member 9 of the solute carrier family 38 (SLC38A9) serves as a component of the lysosomal arginine-sensing machinery. Pharmaceutical inhibition of single enzyme or arginine transporter is hard to meet requirement of restoring of abnormal arginine metabolic network. Apart from application in early screening for colorectal cancer, microRNA-based therapeutic strategy that simultaneously manipulating multiple targets involved in arginine metabolism brings promising future in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Pudong, China
| | - Junyi Han
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Pudong, China
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15
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Dai W, Feng J, Hu X, Chen Y, Gu Q, Gong W, Feng T, Wu J. SLC7A7 is a prognostic biomarker correlated with immune infiltrates in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:106. [PMID: 33632211 PMCID: PMC7905560 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SLC7A7 (solute carrier family 7, amino acid transporter light chain, y + L system, member 7) is a critical gene in the regulation of cationic amino acid transport. However, the relationships between SLC7A7 and prognosis and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in different cancers remain unclear. Methods SLC7A7 expression was analyzed using the Oncomine database and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) site. The enrichment of the GO (Gene Oncology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways was conducted by DAVID. We evaluated the influence of SLC7A7 on clinical prognosis using the PrognoScan database. The functional state of SLC7A7 in various types of cancers was analyzed by CancerSEA. The relationships between SLC7A7 and cancer immune infiltrates was investigated by TIMER. Furthermore, correlations between SLC7A7 expression and gene marker sets of immune infiltrates were analyzed by TIMER and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA). The expression of SLC7A7 was verified by GEO database and immunohistochemistry. Results A lung cancer cohort study (GSE31210) showed that high SLC7A7 expression was associated with poor overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). In addition, SLC7A7 had a significant impact on the prognosis of diverse cancers. SLC7A7 expression was positively correlated with infiltrating levels of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, macrophages, neutrophils and dendritic cells (DCs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SLC7A7 expression was also strongly correlated with various immune marker sets in NSCLC. Conclusions These results indicated a role for SLC7A7 in infiltration of CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), neutrophils and DCs in multiple cancers, and regulation of T cell exhaustion and Tregs in NSCLC. These findings suggest that SLC7A7 could be served as a biomarker for prognosis and immune infiltration in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wumin Dai
- Research center, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianguo Feng
- Research center, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongyi Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangang Gong
- Research center, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310022, Zhejiang, China
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16
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Jahani M, Dokaneheifard S, Mansouri K. Hypoxia: A key feature of COVID-19 launching activation of HIF-1 and cytokine storm. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2020; 17:33. [PMID: 33139969 PMCID: PMC7594974 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-020-00263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19, disease caused by the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, appeared in the end of 2019 and was rapidly spread in most countries. This respiratory virus has different symptoms from moderate to severe, and results in lung pneumonia following acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and patient’s death in severe cases. ARDS is a severe form of acute lung injury that is caused by high inflammatory response of the innate immunity cells. Hypoxia is the common feature in the inflammatory sites with having various impacts on this condition by induction of some factors such as hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). HIF-1α regulates some important cellular processes including cell proliferation, metabolism and angiogenesis. Furthermore, this factor is activated during the immune responses and plays important roles in the inflammation site by inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines production through immune cells. So, in this study the possible effect of the HIF-1α on the COVID-19 pathogenesis with emphasizes on its role on innate immunity response has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Jahani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sadat Dokaneheifard
- Department of Human Genetics, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33136 USA
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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17
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Yusheng S, Chenjun M, Yingying H, Tiantian W, Liefeng Z. Multifunctional nanoparticles of paclitaxel and cyclodextrin-polypeptide conjugates with in vitro anticancer activity. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:1071-1080. [PMID: 32589088 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1787441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the cyclodextrin polypeptide (R8-CMβCD) was successfully synthesized by the conjugation of a cell-penetrating peptide (R8) with carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CMβCD) via the carbon diamine reaction. Then, paclitaxel-loaded nanoparticles (PTX@R8-CMβCD NPs) was prepared. Results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that PTX@R8-CMβCD NPs were spherical with smooth surfaces and an average diameter about 144 nm. The amount of PTX released from NPs was less than 20% at pH7.4, but it increased significantly to 80% in the weakly acidic cytoplasm of tumors (pH5.0). Furthermore, PTX@R8-CMβCD NPs promoted the cellular uptake of PTX. Further studies on the mechanism showed that cellular uptake of PTX@R8-CMβCD NPs could rely on multiple pathways. In addition, the NPs had the ability to inhibit P-gp efflux pumps. Cytotoxicity tests showed that the NPs had no side effects. Taken together, PTX@R8-CMβCD NPs is an effective anticancer drug delivery system, and the material (R8-CMβCD) may be a promising anti-cancer drug carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Yusheng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ma Chenjun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yingying
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Tiantian
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhang Liefeng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Jahani M, Shahlaei M, Norooznezhad F, Miraghaee SS, Hosseinzadeh L, Moasefi N, Khodarahmi R, Farokhi A, Mahnam A, Mansouri K. TSGA10 Over Expression Decreases Metastasic and Metabolic Activity by Inhibiting HIF-1 in Breast Cancer Cells. Arch Med Res 2020; 51:41-53. [PMID: 32086108 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS HIF-1 is an important factor that play critical roles in metabolic and metastasis activity of cancer cells. HIF-1 activity can have regulated by TSGA10. Although decreased metastatic activity of cancer cells through TSGA10 inhibitory effect on HIF-1 have already been demonstrated, changes in cancer metabolism and its impact on metastasis in breast cancer is still not determined. So, we aimed to investigate TSGA10 overexpression effect on breast cancer metabolism as well as metastasis. METHODS TSGA10 vector was designed and stable transfected into MCF-7 cells. The efficiency of transfection was assessed by Real-time PCR and western blot. After HIF-1 induction at high and low glucose conditions, cell proliferation, cell cycle profile, metabolic and metastasis activity of cells were assessed. Furthermore, biomarker expressions of ER, PR, HER2, Ki67 and E-cadherin in cancer cells were measured. RESULTS Our results showed decrease of cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. Reduce expression of GLUT1, lactate production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) below their basal level indicated decreased metabolic activity. Furthermore, metastatic activity reduction was shown by decrease expression of different involve genes in metastasis, protelytic activity of MMOLP-2/9, carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX activity and increase of wound closure. Moreover, except for E-cadherin, expression of ER, PR, HER2 and Ki67 was declined in cells. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that TSGA10 overexpression could decrease the metastatic and metabolic activity of cancer cells through its inhibitory effect on HIF-1 activity. Therefore, TSGA10 could be considered in the research for therapeutic candidates in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Jahani
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Norooznezhad
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sayyed Shahram Miraghaee
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Leila Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Narges Moasefi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Farokhi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Azadeh Mahnam
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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19
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Yang HC, Wu YH, Yen WC, Liu HY, Hwang TL, Stern A, Chiu DTY. The Redox Role of G6PD in Cell Growth, Cell Death, and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091055. [PMID: 31500396 PMCID: PMC6770671 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of reducing equivalent NADPH via glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is critical for the maintenance of redox homeostasis and reductive biosynthesis in cells. NADPH also plays key roles in cellular processes mediated by redox signaling. Insufficient G6PD activity predisposes cells to growth retardation and demise. Severely lacking G6PD impairs embryonic development and delays organismal growth. Altered G6PD activity is associated with pathophysiology, such as autophagy, insulin resistance, infection, inflammation, as well as diabetes and hypertension. Aberrant activation of G6PD leads to enhanced cell proliferation and adaptation in many types of cancers. The present review aims to update the existing knowledge concerning G6PD and emphasizes how G6PD modulates redox signaling and affects cell survival and demise, particularly in diseases such as cancer. Exploiting G6PD as a potential drug target against cancer is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chen Yen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Ya Liu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Arnold Stern
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Daniel Tsun-Yee Chiu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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20
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Bala A, Panditharadyula SS. Role of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF-2) Mediated Antioxidant Response on the Synergistic Antitumor Effect of L-Arginine and 5-Fluro Uracil (5FU) in Breast Adenocarcinoma. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1643-1652. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190705205155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast adenocarcinoma (BAC) in glandular tissue cells have excessive metastasis and invasion capability.
The major challenges for the chemotherapy used for the management of BAC include chemoresistance and
auto-immunosuppression in BAC. The 5-fluro uracil (5-FU) based therapy promotes the immune activation in
BAC by targeting the regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). The beneficial effect of
the combination of L-Arginine with 5-FU strives to be established in different pre-clinical and clinical conditions
and explored in the scientific literature. L-Arginine induces NO production and potentiates the anticancer effect
of 5-FU. NO-mediated signaling is regulated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF-2) mediated
antioxidant response. NRF-2 mediated antioxidant mechanism always suppresses the formation of superoxide
(O2
-) as well as other reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus the utilization of NO by O2
- will be minimum in this
combination therapy. The regulatory role of NRF-2 in regulation to Antioxidant Response Element (ARE) mediated
cytoprotective gene expression in BAC remains unexplored. The present review summarizes the role of
NRF-2 mediated antioxidant response on the synergistic antitumor effect of L-Arginine and 5-FU in BAC. This
review brought new insight into the management of BAC and in the same context, a hypothesis is raised on the
use of reduced glutathione (GSH) or N-Acetyl Cysteine as it may be an added adjuvant in the combination of 5-
FU and L-Arginine for management of BAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asis Bala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, EPIP, Industrial Area, Vaishali 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Shravani Sripathi Panditharadyula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hajipur, EPIP, Industrial Area, Vaishali 844102, Bihar, India
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21
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Yan C, Liang N, Li Q, Yan P, Sun S. Biotin and arginine modified hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin nanoparticles as novel drug delivery systems for paclitaxel. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 216:129-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Yun CW, Han YS, Lee SH. PGC-1α Controls Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Drug-Resistant Colorectal Cancer Cells by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071707. [PMID: 30959809 PMCID: PMC6480203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-cancer drug resistance is a serious issue for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Although recent studies have shown the mechanism by which CRC cells become drug resistant, novel strategies for overcoming this drug resistance have not yet been developed. To address this problem, we characterized 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-resistant CRC cells after treatment with 5FU, and focused on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) in these cells. In 5FU-resistant CRC cells, the 5FU did not considerably decrease the mitochondrial biogenesis or mitochondrial complex I and IV activities, and only partially decreased the antioxidant enzymatic activity, oxygen consumption ratio, and cell survival. The expression of PGC-1α was remarkably increased in the 5FU-resistant CRC cells compared with the 5FU-sensitive CRC cells. The 5FU-resistant CRC cells displayed enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and antioxidant enzyme activities against 5FU-induced reactive oxygen species, because of the increased expression of PGC-1α. PGC-1α inhibited 5FU-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the 5FU-resistant CRC cells, resulting in the suppression of apoptosis. These findings reveal that PGC-1α plays an important role in drug resistance in 5FU-resistant CRC cells. Moreover, PGC-1α could serve as a novel target in patients with 5FU-resistant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Won Yun
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 336-745, Korea.
| | - Yong-Seok Han
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 336-745, Korea.
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 336-745, Korea.
- Departments of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 330-930, Korea.
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Ghanbari Movahed Z, Rastegari-Pouyani M, Mohammadi MH, Mansouri K. Cancer cells change their glucose metabolism to overcome increased ROS: One step from cancer cell to cancer stem cell? Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108690. [PMID: 30798124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can adapt to low energy sources in the face of ATP depletion as well as to their high levels of ROS by altering their metabolism and energy production networks which might also have a role in determining cell fate and developing drug resistance. Cancer cells are generally characterized by increased glycolysis. This is while; cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit an enhanced pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) metabolism. Based on the current literature, we suggest that cancer cells when encountering ROS, first increase the glycolysis rate and then following the continuation of oxidative stress, the metabolic balance is skewed from glycolysis to PPP. Therefore, we hypothesize in this review that in cancer cells this metabolic deviation during persistent oxidative stress might be a sign of cancer cells' shift towards CSCs, an issue that might be pivotal in more effective targeting of cancer cells and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghanbari Movahed
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rastegari-Pouyani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- HSCT research center, Laboratory Hematology and blood Banking Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Jahani M, Azadbakht M, Rasouli H, Yarani R, Rezazadeh D, Salari N, Mansouri K. L-arginine/5-fluorouracil combination treatment approaches cells selectively: Rescuing endothelial cells while killing MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 123:399-411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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25
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Jahani M, Noroznezhad F, Mansouri K. Arginine: Challenges and opportunities of this two-faced molecule in cancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:594-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.02.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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5-Fluorouracil-induced mitochondrial oxidative cytotoxicity and apoptosis are increased in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by TRPV1 channel activation but not Hypericum perforatum treatment. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 439:189-198. [PMID: 28795251 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a widely used chemotherapy agent for breast cancer, although drug resistance is a critical issue regarding the use of this agent in the disease. Calcium signaling is a well-known main cause of proliferation and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Although previous studies have implicated TRPV1 inhibitor, anticancer, and apoptotic roles of Hypericum perforatum (HPer) in several cells, the synergistic inhibition effects of HPer and 5-FU in cancer and the stimulation of ongoing apoptosis have not yet been clarified in MCF-7 cells. Therefore, we investigated the apoptotic and antioxidant properties of 5-FU with/without HPer through activation of TRPV1 in MCF-7 cells. The MCF-7 cells were divided into four groups: the control group, the HPer-treated group (0.3 mM), the 5-FU-treated group (25 μM), and the 5-FU+HPer-treated group. The intracellular free calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i) increased with 5-FU treatments, but they decreased with the HPer and HPer+5-FU treatments. The [Ca2+]i is further decreased in the four groups by TRPV1 channel antagonist (capsazepine and 0.01 mM) treatments. However, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and apoptosis levels, and the PARP1, caspase 3, and caspase 9 expression levels were increased by 5-FU treatment, although the values were decreased by the HPer and 5-FU+HPer treatments. Cell viability level was also decreased by 5-FU treatment. In conclusion, antitumor and apoptosis effects of 5-FU are up-regulated by activation of TRPV1 channels, but its action was down-regulated by HPer treatment. It seems that HPer cannot be used for increasing the antitumor effect of 5-FU through modulation of the TRPV1.
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The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Chemoresistance: To Survive, Keep Your Enemies Closer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071586. [PMID: 28754000 PMCID: PMC5536073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer and it continues to be a challenge in cancer treatment. Chemoresistance is influenced by genetic and epigenetic alterations which affect drug uptake, metabolism and export of drugs at the cellular levels. While most research has focused on tumor cell autonomous mechanisms of chemoresistance, the tumor microenvironment has emerged as a key player in the development of chemoresistance and in malignant progression, thereby influencing the development of novel therapies in clinical oncology. It is not surprising that the study of the tumor microenvironment is now considered to be as important as the study of tumor cells. Recent advances in technological and analytical methods, especially ‘omics’ technologies, has made it possible to identify specific targets in tumor cells and within the tumor microenvironment to eradicate cancer. Tumors need constant support from previously ‘unsupportive’ microenvironments. Novel therapeutic strategies that inhibit such microenvironmental support to tumor cells would reduce chemoresistance and tumor relapse. Such strategies can target stromal cells, proteins released by stromal cells and non-cellular components such as the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the tumor microenvironment. Novel in vitro tumor biology models that recapitulate the in vivo tumor microenvironment such as multicellular tumor spheroids, biomimetic scaffolds and tumor organoids are being developed and are increasing our understanding of cancer cell-microenvironment interactions. This review offers an analysis of recent developments on the role of the tumor microenvironment in the development of chemoresistance and the strategies to overcome microenvironment-mediated chemoresistance. We propose a systematic analysis of the relationship between tumor cells and their respective tumor microenvironments and our data show that, to survive, cancer cells interact closely with tumor microenvironment components such as mesenchymal stem cells and the extracellular matrix.
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