1
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Wang Z, Liu C, Wei J, Yuan H, Shi M, Zhang F, Zeng Q, Huang A, Du L, Li Y, Guo Z. Network and Experimental Pharmacology on Mechanism of Yixintai Regulates the TMAO/PKC/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Treating Heart Failure. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1415-1438. [PMID: 38707614 PMCID: PMC11069381 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s448140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to explore the mechanism of action of Yixintai in treating chronic ischemic heart failure by combining bioinformatics and experimental validation. Materials and Methods Five potential drugs for treating heart failure were obtained from Yixintai (YXT) through early mass spectrometry detection. The targets of YXT for treating heart failure were obtained by a search of online databases. Gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted on the common targets using the DAVID database. A rat heart failure model was established by ligating the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery. A small animal color Doppler ultrasound imaging system detected cardiac function indicators. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson's, and electron microscopy were used to observe the pathological morphology of the myocardium in rats with heart failure. The network pharmacology analysis results were validated by ELISA, qPCR, and Western blotting. Results A total of 107 effective targets were obtained by combining compound targets and eliminating duplicate values. PPI analysis showed that inflammation-related proteins (TNF and IL1B) were key targets for treating heart failure, and KEGG enrichment suggested that NF-κB signaling pathway was a key pathway for YXT treatment of heart failure. Animal model validation results indicated the following: YXT can significantly reduce the content of intestinal microbiota metabolites such as trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) and improve heart failure by improving the EF and FS values of heart ultrasound in rats and reducing the levels of serum NT-proBNP, ANP, and BNP to improve heart failure. Together, YXT can inhibit cardiac muscle hypertrophy and fibrosis in rats and improve myocardial ultrastructure and serum IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. These effects are achieved by inhibiting the expressions of NF-κB and PKC. Conclusion YXT regulates the TMAO/PKC/NF-κB signaling pathway in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Wang
- First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan Universities of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengxin Liu
- First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan Universities of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Wei
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan Universities of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Yuan
- First Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan Universities of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Shi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan Universities of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan Universities of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan Universities of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aisi Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan Universities of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixin Du
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya Li
- School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities of Intelligent Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Preventive Treatment of Chronic Diseases of Hunan Universities of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Xia YT, Zhang YQ, Chen L, Min L, Huang D, Zhang Y, Li C, Li ZH. Suppression of migration and invasion by taraxerol in the triple-negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 via the ERK/Slug axis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291693. [PMID: 37751436 PMCID: PMC10522031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the triterpene extracts of Taraxacum, a traditional Chinese plant, taraxerol (TRX) exhibits antitumor activity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of TRX on the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells, analyzed the molecular mechanism through network pharmacology and molecular docking, and finally verified it by in vitro experiments. The results showed that TRX could inhibit the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, while MAPK3 was the most promising target and could stably combine with TRX. In addition, the relative protein expression levels were detected by Western blot, and we observed that TRX could inhibit the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells via the ERK/Slug axis. Moreover, an ERK activator (tert-butylhydroquinone, tBHQ) partially reversed the suppressive effect of TRX on MDA-MB-231 cells. In conclusion, TRX inhibited the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells via the ERK/Slug axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-ting Xia
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases in Jiangxi Province, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu-qin Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases in Jiangxi Province, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases in Jiangxi Province, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liangliang Min
- Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases in Jiangxi Province, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Da Huang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases in Jiangxi Province, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yulu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases in Jiangxi Province, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases in Jiangxi Province, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhi-hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases in Jiangxi Province, Third Hospital of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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3
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Xie L, Zhang XJ, Wang Y, Shi YF, Wang PP, Zagal D, Li CH. A new anti-neuroinflammation labdane diterpenoid from Salvia tricuspis. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37610159 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2248541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
One new labdane diterpenoid, tricuspion A (1), as well as five known triterpenoids (2-6) were isolated from Salvia tricuspis Franch (family Labiatae). The structure of tricuspion A was identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with previously reported data. Compounds 1-6 were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the NO production in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia cells, and 1 exhibited potent inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 14.92 ± 0.51 μM. Compound 1 might exert anti-neuroinflammatory activity through inhibiting the excessive production of NO and down-regulating the protein expression of iNOS and COX-2. As such, labdane diterpenoid (tricuspion A) could provide promising anti-neuroinflammatory lead compound for further structural modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xie
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Technical Center of Kunming Customs, Kunming, China
| | - Ye-Fan Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Pan-Pan Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Daniel Zagal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Pharmacognosy Institute, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chun-Huan Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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4
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Aodah AH, Devi S, Alkholifi FK, Yusufoglu HS, Foudah AI, Alam A. Effects of Taraxerol on Oxidative and Inflammatory Mediators in Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiotoxicity in an Animal Model. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104089. [PMID: 37241830 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) continues to be an important issue in healthcare systems worldwide, leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite ongoing efforts towards the development of preventive measures and treatments, addressing the challenges posed by MI remains difficult both in developed and developing countries. However, researchers recently investigated the potential cardioprotective effects of taraxerol utilizing an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiotoxicity model among Sprague Dawley rats. Specifically, subcutaneous tissue injections consisting of 5.25 mg/kg or 8.5 mg/kg ISO were administered over two consecutive days as stimuli to induce cardiac injury. To investigate the possibility of preventing damage caused by ISO-induced cardiotoxicity by taraxerol treatment, five groups were formed: a normal control group (1% Tween 80), an ISO control group, an amlodipine group administered 5 mg/kg/day, and various doses of taraxerol. The study results showed that treatment significantly reduced cardiac marker enzymes. Additionally, pretreatment with taraxerol increased myocardial activity in SOD and GPx, leading to significant reductions in serum CK-MB levels along with MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6. Further histopathological analysis supported these observations, as treated animals had less cellular infiltration compared to untreated ones. These multifaceted findings suggest that oral administration of taraxerol could potentially protect hearts from ISO-caused damage by increasing endogenous antioxidant concentrations while decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhussain H Aodah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sushma Devi
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Faisal K Alkholifi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan S Yusufoglu
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Li W, Xu X, Tang Z, Guo Y, Fei D, Yan N, Hu F. Analysis of 14 terpenoids and sterols and variety discrimination of Codonopsis Radix using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200835. [PMID: 36794547 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we confirmed that the 95% ethanol-extracted fraction of Codonopsis Radix, which contains several triterpenoids and sterols, possesses pharmacological activities. However, due to the low content and diverse types of triterpenoids and sterols, their similar structures, lack of ultraviolet absorption, and difficulty in obtaining controls, few studies have so far assessed their contents in Codonopsis Radix. We accordingly constructed an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique for the simultaneous quantitative determination of 14 terpenoids and sterols. Separation was performed on the Waters Acquity UPLC HSS T3 C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) with 0.1% formic acid (A) and 0.1% formic acid in methanol (B) as mobile phase under gradient elution. The determination coefficients for each of the matrix calibration curves were ≥0.9925. The average recovery ranged from 81.25% to 118.05%, with relative standard deviations of <4%. The contents of 14 components in 23 batches were quantified and further analyzed through chemometrics. Linear discriminant analysis can distinguish sample varieties. The quantitative analysis method can accurately determine the contents of 14 components and thereby provide the chemical basis for the quality control of Codonopsis Radix. It also could be a valuable approach for the classification of different Codonopsis Radix varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecular Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- Codonopsis Radix Industrial Technology Engineering Research Center, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecular Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- Codonopsis Radix Industrial Technology Engineering Research Center, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhuoshi Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecular Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yina Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecular Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dongqing Fei
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecular Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Na Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fangdi Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Organic Molecular Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
- Codonopsis Radix Industrial Technology Engineering Research Center, Gansu Province, Lanzhou, P. R. China
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6
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Miranda RDS, Jesus BDSM, Silva Luiz SR, Viana CB, Adão Malafaia CR, Figueiredo FDS, Carvalho TDSC, Silva ML, Londero VS, Costa‐Silva TA, Lago JHG, Martins RCC. Antiinflammatory activity of natural triterpenes—An overview from 2006 to 2021. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1459-1506. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo de Souza Miranda
- Institute of Natural Products Research Walter Mors Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Regina Silva Luiz
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IMPG‐UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Cristina Borges Viana
- Institute of Natural Products Research Walter Mors Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Camila Rodrigues Adão Malafaia
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Biological Assays, Natural Products and Food Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Fabiana de Souza Figueiredo
- Institute of Natural Products Research Walter Mors Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Lopes Silva
- Center of Human and Natural Sciences Federal University of ABC (UFABC) Santo André Brazil
| | - Vinicius Silva Londero
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) Diadema Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberto Carlos Campos Martins
- Institute of Natural Products Research Walter Mors Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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7
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Jiang Z, Sung J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhou H, Wen L. A review on the phytochemistry and pharmacology of the herb Scoparia dulcis L. for the potential treatment of metabolic syndrome. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31235-31259. [PMID: 35496836 PMCID: PMC9041695 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05090g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Scoparia dulcis L. (S. dulcis) plants. So far, approximately 160 compounds have been identified from S. dulcis, among which 115 compounds may be related to the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Extracts of S. dulcis have effects of reducing fasting blood glucose level, increasing the plasma insulin level, and stimulating insulin secretion to treat diabetes. They also produce antihyperlipidemic effects by increasing serum high-density lipoprotein levels, the anti-atherogenic index of plasma, and HMG-CoA reductase activity. The chemical composition of glutinol and glutinone, isolated from S. dulcis, provide potential anti-inflammatory effects. These compounds can also reduce total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol to provide the anti-atherosclerotic effect. S. dulcis exerts anti-arthritic properties through its effect on cytokine levels, significantly reducing IFN-γ and IL-6 levels and elevating IL-10 levels. The extracts carry out hepatoprotective effect by preventing the descent of the antioxidative enzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRd), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Therefore, S. dulcis provides new potential for medicine given its numerous therapeutic properties and can be promoted as a complementary or alternative therapy for patients with chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikang Jiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 Fujian Province China
| | - Jinghui Sung
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 Fujian Province China
| | - Xuyun Wang
- Department of Andrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University Beijing 100010 China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 Fujian Province China
| | - Yaomiao Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 Fujian Province China
| | - Haifeng Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 Fujian Province China
| | - Lei Wen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University Xiamen 361102 Fujian Province China
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8
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Ai Z, Zhou S, Li W, Wang M, Wang L, Hu G, Tao R, Wang X, Shen Y, Xie L, Ba Y, Wu H, Yang Y. "Fei Yan No. 1" as a Combined Treatment for COVID-19: An Efficacy and Potential Mechanistic Study. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:581277. [PMID: 33132913 PMCID: PMC7580177 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.581277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a large global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), representing a major public health issue. In China, combination therapy, including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a treatment for COVID-19 has been used widely. “Fei Yan No. 1” (QFDYG) is a formula recommended by the Hubei Government to treat COVID-19. A retrospective study of 84 COVID-19 patients from Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM and Renmin Hospital of Hanchuan was conducted to explore the clinical efficacy of QFDYG combination therapy. TCMSP and YaTCM databases were used to determine the components of all Chinese herbs in QFDYG. Oral bioavailability (OB) ≥ 30% and drug-like (DL) quality ≥ 0.18 were selected as criteria for screening the active compounds identified within the TCMSP database. The targets of active components in QFDYG were determined using the Swiss TargetPrediction (SIB) and Targetnet databases. The STRING database and the Network Analyzer plugin in Cytoscape were used to obtain protein-protein interaction (PPI) network topology parameters and to identify hub targets. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment was conducted using FunRich version 3.1.3, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment using ClueGO version 2.5.6 software. PPI and compound-pathway (C-T) networks were constructed using Cytoscape 3.6.0. Compared with the control group, combined treatment with QFDYG resulted in a significantly higher rate of patients recovering from symptoms and shorter the time. After 14 days of treatment, QFDYG combined treatment increased the proportion of patients testing negative for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid by RT-PCR. Compared with the control group, promoting focal absorption and inflammation as viewed on CT images. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment indicated that QFDYG principally regulated biological processes, such as inflammation, an immune response, and apoptosis. The present study revealed that QFDYG combination therapy offered particular therapeutic advantages, indicating that the theoretical basis for the treatment of COVID-19 by QFDYG may play an antiviral and immune response regulation through multiple components, targets, and pathways, providing reference for the clinical treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhu Ai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Weinan Li
- Nephrology Department, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Hanchuan, China.,Nephrology Department, Hubei Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengfan Wang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Linqun Wang
- First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Gangming Hu
- TCM Department, Renmin Hospital of Hanchuan, Hanchuan, China
| | - Ran Tao
- Surgical Department, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Wuhan, China.,Surgical Department, Hubei Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Nephrology Department, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Hanchuan, China.,Nephrology Department, Hubei Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinfeng Shen
- First Clinical College, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lihan Xie
- Nephrology Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanming Ba
- Nephrology Department, Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM, Hanchuan, China.,Nephrology Department, Hubei Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Wuhan, China
| | - Hezhen Wu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - YanFang Yang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
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9
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Zhang T, Liu R, Chang M, Jin Q, Zhang H, Wang X. Health benefits of 4,4-dimethyl phytosterols: an exploration beyond 4-desmethyl phytosterols. Food Funct 2020; 11:93-110. [PMID: 31804642 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01205b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
4,4-Dimethyl phytosterols possess two methyl groups at the carbon-4 atom of the aliphatic A-ring. The methyl groups are crucial for the molecular recognition of endogenous and exogenous bioactive compounds. Phytosterols have received worldwide attention owing to their recognized health benefits. However, 4,4-dimethyl phytosterols are less appreciated. Recent research studies revealed that 4,4-dimethyl phytosterols exert numerous beneficial effects on disease prevention, and are particularly involved in the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS). The purpose of this review is to summarize and highlight the currently available information regarding the structures and sources of 4,4-dimethyl phytosterols, and to provide detailed preclinical studies performed to evaluate their potential for treating various diseases. Future research on 4,4-dimethyl phytosterols is warranted to confirm their relationship with the ECS, and to elucidate the mechanism directly toward clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
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10
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Laczko R, Chang A, Watanabe L, Petelo M, Kahaleua K, Bingham JP, Csiszar K. Anti-inflammatory activities of Waltheria indica extracts by modulating expression of IL-1B, TNF-α, TNFRII and NF-κB in human macrophages. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 28:525-540. [PMID: 31686273 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In Hawaiian traditional medicinal practices, the indigenous 'uhaloa, Waltheria indica var. Americana is one of the most recognized plants. Waltheria is also known in various cultures as a medicinal plant for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Results in human subjects and cell and animal models supported anti-inflammatory activity for the Waltheria flavonoid quercetin, and for crude plant extracts, limited animal studies also confirmed anti-inflammatory effects. Yet no systematic studies have examined immune or inflammatory responses affected by these extracts. In order to gain insight into inflammatory cascades modulated by Waltheria extracts, and to uncover the mechanistic bases for the effective use of this medicinal plant as a natural anti-inflammatory agent, we have undertaken analyses of LPS and TNF-α/IF-γ-stimulated human macrophages treated with Waltheria extracts using targeted qRT-PCR and Inflammation Panels to test differential mRNA expression of two hundred immune-related genes, furthermore, ELISA assays and Inflammatory Protein arrays to determine extracts-modulated intracellular and secreted levels of prominent cytokines. Results demonstrate that Waltheria extracts inhibit key inflammatory cytokines and cytokine receptors including protein levels of IL-1B, IL-1ra, IL-8 and IL-6, reduce both mRNA and protein levels of TNF-α and protein levels of its receptor, TNF RII, predicting diminished TNF-α-associated inflammatory signaling that, together with significant reduction of NF-κB mRNA and protein, can effectively diminish activities of multiple pro-inflammatory signaling pathways and mitigate key processes in diseases with inflammatory components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozalia Laczko
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Andrew Chang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Lindsey Watanabe
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Maria Petelo
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Kimberly Kahaleua
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Jon-Paul Bingham
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA
| | - Katalin Csiszar
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA.
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11
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de-Almeida SCX, da-Silva ÂCF, Sousa NRT, Amorim IHF, Leite BG, Neves KRT, Costa JGM, Felipe CFB, de-Barros Viana GS. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of a triterpene-rich fraction from Himatanthus drasticus. Braz J Med Biol Res 2019; 52:e7798. [PMID: 31116311 PMCID: PMC6526755 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20197798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Himatanthus drasticus (Mart.) Plumel belongs to the Apocynaceae family and the latex from its trunk bark (Hd) is known as “janaguba milk”. This latex is widely used in Northeast Brazil, mainly in the Cariri region, for its gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties. The objective of this study was to investigate a triterpene-rich fraction (FJNB) from H. drasticus latex on acute models of nociception and inflammation and to clarify its mechanisms of action. Wistar rats or Swiss mice were subjected to the carrageenan-induced paw edema test or the formalin test, respectively, after the acute oral treatment with FJNB. The inflamed paws from the carrageenan-induced paw edema and formalin tests were processed for histological and immunohistochemical assays, respectively. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and considered significant at P<0.05. FJNB (10 mg/kg) decreased the paw edema by 25% at the 3rd h after the carrageenan injection. Indomethacin, used as reference, inhibited the paw edema by 59% at the same time-point. In the formalin test, FJNB inhibited the 1st phase by 27, 49, and 52% and the 2nd phase by 37, 50, and 67%, at the doses of 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, FJNB significantly inhibited the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. The histone deacetylase (HDAC) expression and the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa (NF-kB) were also inhibited at the same doses. In conclusion, the FJNB inhibitory actions on iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, HDAC, and NF-kB could be involved with the drug anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C X de-Almeida
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato, CE, Brasil
| | - Â C F da-Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brasil
| | - N R T Sousa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brasil
| | - I H F Amorim
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brasil
| | - B G Leite
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina Estácio de Juazeiro do Norte, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brasil
| | - K R T Neves
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
| | - J G M Costa
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato, CE, Brasil
| | - C F B Felipe
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - G S de-Barros Viana
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato, CE, Brasil.,Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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12
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Zhang SD, Wang P, Zhang J, Wang W, Yao LP, Gu CB, Efferth T, Fu YJ. 2'O-galloylhyperin attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury via up-regulation antioxidation and inhibition of inflammatory responses in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 304:20-27. [PMID: 30849337 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
2'O-galloylhyperin, an active flavonol glycoside compound with remarkable anti-immune activity, was isolated from Pyrola [P. incarnata Fisch.]. However, the evidence of anti-inflammatory activity in pulmonary diseases was still not convincing. The aim of the present study was (1) to investigate the effect of 2'O-galloylhyperin on LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice, and (2) to identify the mechanisms of attenuation of inflammatory responses. The results demonstrated that 2'O-galloylhyperin significantly reduced LPS-induced inflammation damage in a dose-dependent manner. After LPS challenge, treatment with 2'O-galloylhyperin reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and also improved LPS-induced lung histopathology changes. 2'O-galloylhyperin also increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD and GSH-Px to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. Furthermore, 2'O-galloylhyperin inhibited translocation of nuclear factor (NF-κB) activation and suppressed phosphorylation of MAPK signaling pathway consisting of p38, ERK, JNK. In addition, 2'O-galloylhyperin enhanced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression to block LPS-induced inflammation via activating nuclear factor-crythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2). Moreover, 2'O-galloylhyperin induced adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. 2'O-galloylhyperin attenuated LPS-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, presumably related to up-regulation of the AMPK and Nrf2 signaling pathways. Furthermore, 2'O-galloylhyperin is a potential protective antioxidant to protect lung tissues from the acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Li-Ping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Cheng-Bo Gu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yu-Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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13
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Kim HN, Park GH, Park SB, Kim JD, Eo HJ, Son HJ, Song JH, Jeong JB. Sageretia thea Inhibits Inflammation through Suppression of NF-κB and MAPK and Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathways in RAW264.7 Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:385-403. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sageretia thea (S. thea) commonly known as Chinese sweet plum or Chinese bird plum has been used for treating hepatitis and fevers in Korea and China. S. thea has been reported to exert anti-oxidant, anticancer and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity. However, there is little study on the anti-inflammatory activity of S. thea. Thus, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of extracts of leaves (ST-L) and branches (ST-B) from Sageretia thea in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. ST-L and ST-B significantly inhibited the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, iNOS, COX-2, IL-1[Formula: see text] and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. ST-L and ST-B blocked LPS-induced degradation of I[Formula: see text]B-[Formula: see text] and nuclear accumulation of p65, which resulted in the inhibition of NF-[Formula: see text]B activation in RAW264.7 cells. ST-L and ST-B also attenuated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, ST-L and ST-B increased HO-1 expression in RAW264.7 cells, and the inhibition of HO-1 by ZnPP reduced the inhibitory effect of ST-L and ST-B against LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells. Inhibition of p38 activation and ROS elimination attenuated HO-1 expression by ST-L and ST-B, and ROS elimination inhibited p38 activation induced by ST-L and ST-B. ST-L and ST-B dramatically induced nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, but this was significantly reversed by the inhibition of p38 activation and ROS elimination. Collectively, our results suggest that ST-L and ST-B exerts potential anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing NF-[Formula: see text]B and MAPK signaling activation, and activating HO-1 expression through the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 via ROS-dependent p38 activation. These findings suggest that ST-L and ST-B may have great potential for the development of anti-inflammatory drug to treat acute and chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Na Kim
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Yongju 36040, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hun Park
- Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Bin Park
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Yongju 36040, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Dong Kim
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Yongju 36040, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Eo
- Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Son
- Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Song
- Agricultural Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Boo Jeong
- Department of Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institute of Forest Science, Yongju 36040, Republic of Korea
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yongju 36040, Republic of Korea
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14
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Nogueira AO, Oliveira YIS, Adjafre BL, de Moraes MEA, Aragão GF. Pharmacological effects of the isomeric mixture of alpha and beta amyrin from Protium heptaphyllum: a literature review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2018; 33:4-12. [PMID: 30003594 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Protium heptaphyllum Aubl. belongs to the Burseraceae family. It is commonly called 'almecegueira' and is known to produce an amorphous resin which has constituents such as α- and β-amyrin, taraxastan-3-oxo-20-ol and sitostenonein. The α- and β-amyrin from P. heptaphyllum have pharmacological activities in several systems, such as central and peripheral nervous system, gastrointestinal tract and immunological system. In this study, our objective was to review pharmacological activities and to gather more information on the mixture of α- and β-amyrin obtained from P. heptaphyllum to guide future preclinical and clinical studies using this compound. This review consisted of searches performed using scientific databases such as PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, SciFinder and Science Direct. Some uses of α- and β-amyrin have been partially confirmed by previous studies demonstrating analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antidepressive, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, antipancreatitic, anticholytic, antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. It is noteworthy that there are no α- and β-amirin toxicity tests described in the literature as recommended in the international guidelines, and such tests are one of the research stages to proceed in clinical and preclinical trials if this compound was to be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaurilio O Nogueira
- Drug Discovery and Developmente Center, Federal University of Ceara, St. Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1000, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Brazil, 60430-275.,Higher Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Itaperi, Fortaleza, Brazil, 60741-000
| | - Yasmin Ingrid S Oliveira
- Drug Discovery and Developmente Center, Federal University of Ceara, St. Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1000, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Brazil, 60430-275
| | - Beatriz L Adjafre
- Higher Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Itaperi, Fortaleza, Brazil, 60741-000
| | - Maria E Amaral de Moraes
- Drug Discovery and Developmente Center, Federal University of Ceara, St. Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1000, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Brazil, 60430-275
| | - Gislei F Aragão
- Drug Discovery and Developmente Center, Federal University of Ceara, St. Coronel Nunes de Melo, 1000, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Brazil, 60430-275.,Medicine Course, State University of Ceara, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Itaperi, Fortaleza, Brazil, 60741-000
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15
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Bhattacharjee N, Dua TK, Khanra R, Joardar S, Nandy A, Saha A, De Feo V, Dewanjee S. Protocatechuic Acid, a Phenolic from Sansevieria roxburghiana Leaves, Suppresses Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via Stimulating Glucose Metabolism, Ameliorating Oxidative Stress, and Inhibiting Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:251. [PMID: 28533752 PMCID: PMC5420572 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent hyperglycemia, impairment of redox status and establishment of inflammatory pathophysiology integrally play important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). Present study examined the therapeutic potential of protocatechuic acid isolated from the Sansevieria roxburghiana rhizomes against DC employing rodent model of type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D was induced by high fat diet + a low-single dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, i.p.). T2D rats exhibited significantly (p < 0.01) high fasting blood glucose level. Alteration in serum lipid profile (p < 0.01) and increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.01) and creatine kinase (p < 0.01) in the sera of T2D rats revealed the occurrence of hyperlipidemia and diabetic pathophysiology. A significantly (p < 0.01) high levels of serum C-reactive protein and pro-inflammatory mediators revealed the establishment of inflammatory occurrence in T2D rats. Besides, significantly high levels of troponins in the sera revealed the establishment of cardiac dysfunctions in T2D rats. However, protocatechuic acid (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment could significantly reverse the changes in serum biochemical parameters related to cardiac dysfunctions. Molecular mechanism studies demonstrated impairment of signaling cascade, IRS1/PI3K/Akt/AMPK/p 38/GLUT4, in glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle of T2D rats. Significant (p < 0.01) activation of polyol pathway, enhanced production of AGEs, oxidative stress and up-regulation of inflammatory signaling cascades (PKC/NF-κB/PARP) were observed in the myocardial tissue of T2D rats. However, protocatechuic acid (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment could significantly (p < 0.05–0.01) stimulate glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, regulated glycemic and lipid status, reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and restored the myocardial physiology in T2D rats near to normalcy. Histological assessments were also in agreement with the above findings. In silico molecular docking study again supported the interactions of protocatechuic acid with different signaling molecules, PI3K, IRS, Akt, AMPK PKC, NF-κB and PARP, involved in glucose utilization and inflammatory pathophysiology. In silico ADME study predicted that protocatechuic acid would support the drug-likeness character. Combining all, results would suggest a possibility of protocatechuic acid to be a new therapeutic agent for DC in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloy Bhattacharjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur UniversityKolkata, India
| | - Tarun K Dua
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur UniversityKolkata, India
| | - Ritu Khanra
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur UniversityKolkata, India
| | - Swarnalata Joardar
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur UniversityKolkata, India
| | - Ashis Nandy
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of CalcuttaKolkata, India
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of CalcuttaKolkata, India
| | | | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur UniversityKolkata, India
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