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Liu Z, Sa G, Zhang Z, Wu Q, Zhou J, Yang X. Regulatory role of primary cilia in oral and maxillofacial development and disease. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102389. [PMID: 38714113 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Primary cilia have versatile functions, such as receiving signals from the extracellular microenvironment, mediating signaling transduction, and transporting ciliary substances, in tissue and organ development and clinical disease pathogenesis. During early development (embryos within 10 weeks) in the oral and maxillofacial region, defects in the structure and function of primary cilia can result in severe craniofacial malformations. For example, mice with mutations in the cilia-related genes Kif3a and IFT88 exhibit midline expansion and cleft lip/palate, which occur due to abnormalities in the fusion of the single frontonasal prominence and maxillary prominences. In the subsequent development of the oral and maxillofacial region, we discussed the regulatory role of primary cilia in the development of the maxilla, mandible, Meckel cartilage, condylar cartilage, lip, tongue, and tooth, among others. Moreover, primary cilia are promising regulators in some oral and maxillofacial diseases, such as tumors and malocclusion. We also summarize the regulatory mechanisms of primary cilia in oral and maxillofacial development and related diseases, including their role in various signaling transduction pathways. For example, aplasia of submandibular glands in the Kif3a mutant mice is associated with a decrease in SHH signaling within the glands. This review summarizes the similarities and specificities of the role of primary cilia in tissue and organ development and disease progression in the oral and maxillofacial region, which is expected to contribute several ideas for the treatment of primary cilia-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Guoliang Sa
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhuoyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Qingwei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xuewen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.
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Chen YQ, Wu MC, Wei MT, Kuo JC, Yu HW, Chiou A. High-viscosity driven modulation of biomechanical properties of human mesenchymal stem cells promotes osteogenic lineage. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101058. [PMID: 38681057 PMCID: PMC11046220 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Biomechanical cues could effectively govern cell gene expression to direct the differentiation of specific stem cell lineage. Recently, the medium viscosity has emerged as a significant mechanical stimulator that regulates the cellular mechanical properties and various physiological functions. However, whether the medium viscosity can regulate the mechanical properties of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to effectively trigger osteogenic differentiation remains uncertain. The mechanism by which cells sense and respond to changes in medium viscosity, and regulate cell mechanical properties to promote osteogenic lineage, remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that hMSCs, cultured in a high-viscosity medium, exhibited larger cell spreading area and higher intracellular tension, correlated with elevated formation of actin stress fibers and focal adhesion maturation. Furthermore, these changes observed in hMSCs were associated with activation of TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid sub-type 4) channels on the cell membrane. This feedback loop among TRPV4 activation, cell spreading and intracellular tension results in calcium influx, which subsequently promotes the nuclear localization of NFATc1 (nuclear factor of activated T cells 1). Concomitantly, the elevated intracellular tension induced nuclear deformation and promoted the nuclear localization of YAP (YES-associated protein). The concurrent activation of NFATc1 and YAP significantly enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) for pre-osteogenic activity. Taken together, these findings provide a more comprehensive view of how viscosity-induced alterations in biomechanical properties of MSCs impact the expression of osteogenesis-related genes, and ultimately promote osteogenic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Quan Chen
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tzo Wei
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jean-Cheng Kuo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Helen Wenshin Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arthur Chiou
- Institute of Biophotonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Tytti K, Sanna K, Carla G, Jonatan P, Kaisa R, Sari T. Mechanosensitive TRPV4 channel guides maturation and organization of the bilayered mammary epithelium. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6774. [PMID: 38514727 PMCID: PMC10957991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57346-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Biophysical cues from the cell microenvironment are detected by mechanosensitive components at the cell surface. Such machineries convert physical information into biochemical signaling cascades within cells, subsequently leading to various cellular responses in a stimulus-dependent manner. At the surface of extracellular environment and cell cytoplasm exist several ion channel families that are activated by mechanical signals to direct intracellular events. One of such channel is formed by transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member, TRPV4 that is known to act as a mechanosensor in wide variaty of tissues and control ion-influx in a spatio-temporal way. Here we report that TRPV4 is prominently expressed in the stem/progenitor cell populations of the mammary epithelium and seems important for the lineage-specific differentiation, consequently affecting mechanical features of the mature mammary epithelium. This was evident by the lack of several markers for mature myoepithelial and luminal epithelial cells in TRPV4-depleted cell lines. Interestingly, TRPV4 expression is controlled in a tension-dependent manner and it also impacts differentation process dependently on the stiffness of the microenvironment. Furthermore, such cells in a 3D compartment were disabled to maintain normal mammosphere structures and displayed abnormal lumen formation, size of the structures and disrupted cellular junctions. Mechanosensitive TRPV4 channel therefore act as critical player in the homeostasis of normal mammary epithelium through sensing the physical environment and guiding accordingly differentiation and structural organization of the bilayered mammary epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kärki Tytti
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Koskimäki Sanna
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Guenther Carla
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pirhonen Jonatan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Rajakylä Kaisa
- School of Social Services and Health Care, Tampere University of Applied Sciences, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tojkander Sari
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
- Tampere Institute for Advanced Study, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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Nile M, Folwaczny M, Wichelhaus A, Baumert U, Janjic Rankovic M. Fluid flow shear stress and tissue remodeling-an orthodontic perspective: evidence synthesis and differential gene expression network analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1256825. [PMID: 37795174 PMCID: PMC10545883 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1256825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to identify and analyze in vitro studies investigating the biological effect of fluid-flow shear stress (FSS) on cells found in the periodontal ligament and bone tissue. Method: We followed the PRISMA guideline for systematic reviews. A PubMed search strategy was developed, studies were selected according to predefined eligibility criteria, and the risk of bias was assessed. Relevant data related to cell source, applied FSS, and locus-specific expression were extracted. Based on this evidence synthesis and, as an original part of this work, analysis of differential gene expression using over-representation and network-analysis was performed. Five relevant publicly available gene expression datasets were analyzed using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Result: A total of 6,974 articles were identified. Titles and abstracts were screened, and 218 articles were selected for full-text assessment. Finally, 120 articles were included in this study. Sample size determination and statistical analysis related to methodological quality and the ethical statement item in reporting quality were most frequently identified as high risk of bias. The analyzed studies mostly used custom-made fluid-flow apparatuses (61.7%). FSS was most frequently applied for 0.5 h, 1 h, or 2 h, whereas FSS magnitudes ranged from 6 to 20 dyn/cm2 depending on cell type and flow profile. Fluid-flow frequencies of 1 Hz in human cells and 1 and 5 Hz in mouse cells were mostly applied. FSS upregulated genes/metabolites responsible for tissue formation (AKT1, alkaline phosphatase, BGLAP, BMP2, Ca2+, COL1A1, CTNNB1, GJA1, MAPK1/MAPK3, PDPN, RUNX2, SPP1, TNFRSF11B, VEGFA, WNT3A) and inflammation (nitric oxide, PGE-2, PGI-2, PTGS1, PTGS2). Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed and analyzed using over-representation analysis and GSEA to identify shared signaling pathways. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first review giving a comprehensive overview and discussion of methodological technical details regarding fluid flow application in 2D cell culture in vitro experimental conditions. Therefore, it is not only providing valuable information about cellular molecular events and their quantitative and qualitative analysis, but also confirming the reproducibility of previously published results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Nile
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Wichelhaus
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Baumert
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mila Janjic Rankovic
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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Wu Y, Xu X, Liu F, Jing Z, Shen D, He P, Chen T, Wu T, Jia H, Mo D, Li Y, Zhang H, Yang S. Three-Dimensional Matrix Stiffness Activates the Piezo1-AMPK-Autophagy Axis to Regulate the Cellular Osteogenic Differentiation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4735-4746. [PMID: 37428711 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness is a key stimulus affecting cellular differentiation, and osteoblasts are also in a three-dimensional (3D) stiff environment during the formation of bone tissues. However, it remains unclear how cells perceive matrix mechanical stiffness stimuli and translate them into intracellular signals to affect differentiation. Here, for the first time, we constructed a 3D culture environment by GelMA hydrogels with different amino substitution degrees and found that Piezo1 expression was significantly stimulated by the stiff matrix with high substitution; meanwhile, the expressions of osteogenic markers OSX, RUNX2, and ALP were also observably improved. Moreover, knockdown of Piezo1 in the stiff matrix revealed significant reduction of the abovementioned osteogenic markers. In addition, in this 3D biomimetic ECM, we also observed that Piezo1 can be activated by the static mechanical conditions of the stiff matrix, leading to the increase of the intracellular calcium content and accompanied with a continuous change in cellular energy levels as ATP was consumed during cellular differentiation. More surprisingly, we found that in the 3D stiff matrix, intracellular calcium as a second messenger promoted the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and unc-51-like autophagy-activated kinase 1 (ULK1) axis and modestly modulated the level of autophagy, bringing it more similar to differentiated osteoblasts, with increased ATP energy metabolism consumption. Our study innovatively clarifies the regulatory role of the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1 in a static mechanical environment on cellular differentiation and verifies the activation of the AMPK-ULK1 axis in the cellular ATP energy metabolism and autophagy level. Collectively, our research develops the understanding of the interaction mechanisms of biomimetic extracellular matrix biomaterials and cells from a novel perspective and provides a theoretical basis for bone regeneration biomaterials design and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Wu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zheng Jing
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Danfeng Shen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ping He
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tianli Wu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hengji Jia
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dingqiang Mo
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuzhou Li
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 400016, China
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Woodbury SM, Swanson WB, Mishina Y. Mechanobiology-informed biomaterial and tissue engineering strategies for influencing skeletal stem and progenitor cell fate. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1220555. [PMID: 37520820 PMCID: PMC10373313 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1220555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal stem and progenitor cells (SSPCs) are the multi-potent, self-renewing cell lineages that form the hematopoietic environment and adventitial structures of the skeletal tissues. Skeletal tissues are responsible for a diverse range of physiological functions because of the extensive differentiation potential of SSPCs. The differentiation fates of SSPCs are shaped by the physical properties of their surrounding microenvironment and the mechanical loading forces exerted on them within the skeletal system. In this context, the present review first highlights important biomolecules involved with the mechanobiology of how SSPCs sense and transduce these physical signals. The review then shifts focus towards how the static and dynamic physical properties of microenvironments direct the biological fates of SSPCs, specifically within biomaterial and tissue engineering systems. Biomaterial constructs possess designable, quantifiable physical properties that enable the growth of cells in controlled physical environments both in-vitro and in-vivo. The utilization of biomaterials in tissue engineering systems provides a valuable platform for controllably directing the fates of SSPCs with physical signals as a tool for mechanobiology investigations and as a template for guiding skeletal tissue regeneration. It is paramount to study this mechanobiology and account for these mechanics-mediated behaviors to develop next-generation tissue engineering therapies that synergistically combine physical and chemical signals to direct cell fate. Ultimately, taking advantage of the evolved mechanobiology of SSPCs with customizable biomaterial constructs presents a powerful method to predictably guide bone and skeletal organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M. Woodbury
- Yuji Mishina Laboratory, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Department of Biologic and Materials Science & Prosthodontics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and Arts, Department of Physics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - W. Benton Swanson
- Yuji Mishina Laboratory, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Department of Biologic and Materials Science & Prosthodontics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Yuji Mishina Laboratory, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Department of Biologic and Materials Science & Prosthodontics, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Zhu C, Ding H, Shi L, Zhang S, Tong X, Huang M, Liu L, Guan X, Zou J, Yuan Y, Chen X. Exercise improved bone health in aging mice: a role of SIRT1 in regulating autophagy and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1156637. [PMID: 37476496 PMCID: PMC10355118 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1156637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study was designed to investigate the effect of running exercise on improving bone health in aging mice and explore the role of the SIRT1 in regulating autophagy and osteogenic differentiation of Bone marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMSCs). Methods Twelve-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were used in this study as the aging model and were assigned to treadmill running exercise for eight weeks. Non-exercise male C57BL/6J mice of the same old were used as aging control and five-month-old mice were used as young controls. BMSCs were isolated from mice and subjected to mechanical stretching stimulation in vitro. Results The results showed that aging mice had lower bone mass, bone mineral density (BMD), and autophagy than young mice, while running exercise improved BMD and bone mass as well as upregulated autophagy in bone cells. Mechanical loading increased osteogenic differentiation and autophagy in BMSCs, and knockdown of SIRT1 in BMSCs demonstrated that SIRT1-regulated autophagy involved the mechanical loading activation of osteogenic differentiation. Conclusion Taken together, this study revealed that exercise improved bone health during aging by activating bone formation, which can be attributed to osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through the activation of SIRT1-mediated autophagy. The mechanisms underlying this effect may involve mechanical loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Zhu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- School of Sports Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haili Ding
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xinchang People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Shihua Zhang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyang Tong
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Huang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifei Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, The People’s Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaotian Guan
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Sports Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Ambattu LA, Yeo LY. Sonomechanobiology: Vibrational stimulation of cells and its therapeutic implications. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:021301. [PMID: 38504927 PMCID: PMC10903386 DOI: 10.1063/5.0127122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
All cells possess an innate ability to respond to a range of mechanical stimuli through their complex internal machinery. This comprises various mechanosensory elements that detect these mechanical cues and diverse cytoskeletal structures that transmit the force to different parts of the cell, where they are transcribed into complex transcriptomic and signaling events that determine their response and fate. In contrast to static (or steady) mechanostimuli primarily involving constant-force loading such as compression, tension, and shear (or forces applied at very low oscillatory frequencies (≤ 1 Hz) that essentially render their effects quasi-static), dynamic mechanostimuli comprising more complex vibrational forms (e.g., time-dependent, i.e., periodic, forcing) at higher frequencies are less well understood in comparison. We review the mechanotransductive processes associated with such acoustic forcing, typically at ultrasonic frequencies (> 20 kHz), and discuss the various applications that arise from the cellular responses that are generated, particularly for regenerative therapeutics, such as exosome biogenesis, stem cell differentiation, and endothelial barrier modulation. Finally, we offer perspectives on the possible existence of a universal mechanism that is common across all forms of acoustically driven mechanostimuli that underscores the central role of the cell membrane as the key effector, and calcium as the dominant second messenger, in the mechanotransduction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizebona August Ambattu
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Leslie Y. Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne VIC 3000, Australia
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Yamada S, Yassin MA, Torelli F, Hansmann J, Green JBA, Schwarz T, Mustafa K. Unique osteogenic profile of bone marrow stem cells stimulated in perfusion bioreactor is Rho-ROCK-mediated contractility dependent. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10509. [PMID: 37206242 PMCID: PMC10189446 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The fate determination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSC) is tightly regulated by mechanical cues, including fluid shear stress. Knowledge of mechanobiology in 2D culture has allowed researchers in bone tissue engineering to develop 3D dynamic culture systems with the potential for clinical translation in which the fate and growth of BMSC are mechanically controlled. However, due to the complexity of 3D dynamic cell culture compared to the 2D counterpart, the mechanisms of cell regulation in the dynamic environment remain relatively undescribed. In the present study, we analyzed the cytoskeletal modulation and osteogenic profiles of BMSC under fluid stimuli in a 3D culture condition using a perfusion bioreactor. BMSC subjected to fluid shear stress (mean 1.56 mPa) showed increased actomyosin contractility, accompanied by the upregulation of mechanoreceptors, focal adhesions, and Rho GTPase-mediated signaling molecules. Osteogenic gene expression profiling revealed that fluid shear stress promoted the expression of osteogenic markers differently from chemically induced osteogenesis. Osteogenic marker mRNA expression, type 1 collagen formation, ALP activity, and mineralization were promoted in the dynamic condition, even in the absence of chemical supplementation. The inhibition of cell contractility under flow by Rhosin chloride, Y27632, MLCK inhibitor peptide-18, or Blebbistatin revealed that actomyosin contractility was required for maintaining the proliferative status and mechanically induced osteogenic differentiation in the dynamic culture. The study highlights the cytoskeletal response and unique osteogenic profile of BMSC in this type of dynamic cell culture, stepping toward the clinical translation of mechanically stimulated BMCS for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuntaro Yamada
- Center of Translational Oral Research (TOR)‐Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BergenNorway
| | - Mohammed A. Yassin
- Center of Translational Oral Research (TOR)‐Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BergenNorway
| | - Francesco Torelli
- Center of Translational Oral Research (TOR)‐Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BergenNorway
| | - Jan Hansmann
- Translational Center Regenerative TherapiesFraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISCWürzburgGermany
- Chair of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Applied Sciences Würzburg‐SchweinfurtSchweinfurtGermany
| | - Jeremy B. A. Green
- Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial SciencesKing's College LondonUK
| | - Thomas Schwarz
- Translational Center Regenerative TherapiesFraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISCWürzburgGermany
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Center of Translational Oral Research (TOR)‐Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of BergenNorway
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10
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Ma Q, Miri Z, Haugen HJ, Moghanian A, Loca D. Significance of mechanical loading in bone fracture healing, bone regeneration, and vascularization. J Tissue Eng 2023; 14:20417314231172573. [PMID: 37251734 PMCID: PMC10214107 DOI: 10.1177/20417314231172573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1892, J.L. Wolff proposed that bone could respond to mechanical and biophysical stimuli as a dynamic organ. This theory presents a unique opportunity for investigations on bone and its potential to aid in tissue repair. Routine activities such as exercise or machinery application can exert mechanical loads on bone. Previous research has demonstrated that mechanical loading can affect the differentiation and development of mesenchymal tissue. However, the extent to which mechanical stimulation can help repair or generate bone tissue and the related mechanisms remain unclear. Four key cell types in bone tissue, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, bone lining cells, and osteocytes, play critical roles in responding to mechanical stimuli, while other cell lineages such as myocytes, platelets, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and chondrocytes also exhibit mechanosensitivity. Mechanical loading can regulate the biological functions of bone tissue through the mechanosensor of bone cells intraosseously, making it a potential target for fracture healing and bone regeneration. This review aims to clarify these issues and explain bone remodeling, structure dynamics, and mechano-transduction processes in response to mechanical loading. Loading of different magnitudes, frequencies, and types, such as dynamic versus static loads, are analyzed to determine the effects of mechanical stimulation on bone tissue structure and cellular function. Finally, the importance of vascularization in nutrient supply for bone healing and regeneration was further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianli Ma
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute
of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, School of
Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, PR China
| | - Zahra Miri
- Department of Materials Engineering,
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Håvard Jostein Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute
of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Amirhossein Moghanian
- Department of Materials Engineering,
Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Dagnjia Loca
- Rudolfs Cimdins Riga Biomaterials
Innovations and Development Centre, Institute of General Chemical Engineering,
Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga,
Latvia
- Baltic Biomaterials Centre of
Excellence, Headquarters at Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
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11
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Zhao Y, Richardson K, Yang R, Bousraou Z, Lee YK, Fasciano S, Wang S. Notch signaling and fluid shear stress in regulating osteogenic differentiation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1007430. [PMID: 36277376 PMCID: PMC9581166 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1007430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common bone and metabolic disease that is characterized by bone density loss and microstructural degeneration. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells with the potential to differentiate into various cell types, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, which have been utilized extensively in the field of bone tissue engineering and cell-based therapy. Although fluid shear stress plays an important role in bone osteogenic differentiation, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this effect remain poorly understood. Here, a locked nucleic acid (LNA)/DNA nanobiosensor was exploited to monitor mRNA gene expression of hMSCs that were exposed to physiologically relevant fluid shear stress to examine the regulatory role of Notch signaling during osteogenic differentiation. First, the effects of fluid shear stress on cell viability, proliferation, morphology, and osteogenic differentiation were investigated and compared. Our results showed shear stress modulates hMSCs morphology and osteogenic differentiation depending on the applied shear and duration. By incorporating this LNA/DNA nanobiosensor and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, we further investigated the role of Notch signaling in regulating osteogenic differentiation. Pharmacological treatment is applied to disrupt Notch signaling to investigate the mechanisms that govern shear stress induced osteogenic differentiation. Our experimental results provide convincing evidence supporting that physiologically relevant shear stress regulates osteogenic differentiation through Notch signaling. Inhibition of Notch signaling mediates the effects of shear stress on osteogenic differentiation, with reduced ALP enzyme activity and decreased Dll4 mRNA expression. In conclusion, our results will add new information concerning osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs under shear stress and the regulatory role of Notch signaling. Further studies may elucidate the mechanisms underlying the mechanosensitive role of Notch signaling in stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, United States
| | - Kiarra Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Zoe Bousraou
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yoo Kyoung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Samantha Fasciano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Shue Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, United States
- *Correspondence: Shue Wang,
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12
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New Insights into TRP Ion Channels in Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147766. [PMID: 35887116 PMCID: PMC9318110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels are cationic permeable proteins located on the plasma membrane. TRPs are cellular sensors for perceiving diverse physical and/or chemical stimuli; thus, serving various critical physiological functions, including chemo-sensation, hearing, homeostasis, mechano-sensation, pain, taste, thermoregulation, vision, and even carcinogenesis. Dysregulated TRPs are found to be linked to many human hereditary diseases. Recent studies indicate that TRP ion channels are not only involved in sensory functions but are also implicated in regulating the biological characteristics of stem cells. In the present review, we summarize the expressions and functions of TRP ion channels in stem cells, including cancer stem cells. It offers an overview of the current understanding of TRP ion channels in stem cells.
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13
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Mechanical regulation of bone remodeling. Bone Res 2022; 10:16. [PMID: 35181672 PMCID: PMC8857305 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a lifelong process that gives rise to a mature, dynamic bone structure via a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts. These opposite processes allow the accommodation of bones to dynamic mechanical forces, altering bone mass in response to changing conditions. Mechanical forces are indispensable for bone homeostasis; skeletal formation, resorption, and adaptation are dependent on mechanical signals, and loss of mechanical stimulation can therefore significantly weaken the bone structure, causing disuse osteoporosis and increasing the risk of fracture. The exact mechanisms by which the body senses and transduces mechanical forces to regulate bone remodeling have long been an active area of study among researchers and clinicians. Such research will lead to a deeper understanding of bone disorders and identify new strategies for skeletal rejuvenation. Here, we will discuss the mechanical properties, mechanosensitive cell populations, and mechanotransducive signaling pathways of the skeletal system.
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14
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Zhang M, Che C, Cheng J, Li P, Yang Y. Ion channels in stem cells and their roles in stem cell biology and vascular diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 166:63-73. [PMID: 35143836 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy may be a promising option for the treatment of vascular diseases. In recent years, significant progress has been made in stem cell research, especially in the mechanism of stem cell activation, homing and differentiation in vascular repair and reconstruction. Current research on stem cells focuses on protein expression and transcriptional networks. Ion channels are considered to be the basis for the generation of bioelectrical signals, which control the proliferation, differentiation and migration of various cell types. Although heterogeneity of multiple ion channels has been found in different types of stem cells, it is unclear whether the heterogeneous expression of ion channels is related to different cell subpopulations and/or different stages of the cell cycle. There is still a long way to go in clinical treatment by using the regulation of stem cell ion channels. In this review, we reviewed the main ion channels found on stem cells, their expression and function in stem cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, and the research status of stem cells' involvement in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chang Che
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China.
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou 646000, China.
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15
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Sun Y, Wan B, Wang R, Zhang B, Luo P, Wang D, Nie JJ, Chen D, Wu X. Mechanical Stimulation on Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Surrounding Microenvironments in Bone Regeneration: Regulations and Applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:808303. [PMID: 35127684 PMCID: PMC8815029 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.808303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of bone defects remains a challenge in the clinic. Artificial bone grafts are the most promising alternative to autologous bone grafting. However, one of the limiting factors of artificial bone grafts is the limited means of regulating stem cell differentiation during bone regeneration. As a weight-bearing organ, bone is in a continuous mechanical environment. External mechanical force, a type of biophysical stimulation, plays an essential role in bone regeneration. It is generally accepted that osteocytes are mechanosensitive cells in bone. However, recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can also respond to mechanical signals. This article reviews the mechanotransduction mechanisms of MSCs, the regulation of mechanical stimulation on microenvironments surrounding MSCs by modulating the immune response, angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and the application of mechanical stimulation of MSCs in bone regeneration. The review provides a deep and extensive understanding of mechanical stimulation mechanisms, and prospects feasible designs of biomaterials for bone regeneration and the potential clinical applications of mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Sun
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ben Wan
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Pathology, Amsterdam UMC and Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU), Amsterdam Movement Science (AMS), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Renxian Wang
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Diaodiao Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Peking University Ninth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Jun Nie
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing-Jun Nie, ; Dafu Chen,
| | - Dafu Chen
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jing-Jun Nie, ; Dafu Chen,
| | - Xinbao Wu
- Laboratory of Bone Tissue Engineering, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
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16
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Primary cilia in hard tissue development and diseases. Front Med 2021; 15:657-678. [PMID: 34515939 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-021-0829-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone and teeth are hard tissues. Hard tissue diseases have a serious effect on human survival and quality of life. Primary cilia are protrusions on the surfaces of cells. As antennas, they are distributed on the membrane surfaces of almost all mammalian cell types and participate in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis. Mutations in cilium-related genes result in a variety of developmental and even lethal diseases. Patients with multiple ciliary gene mutations present overt changes in the skeletal system, suggesting that primary cilia are involved in hard tissue development and reconstruction. Furthermore, primary cilia act as sensors of external stimuli and regulate bone homeostasis. Specifically, substances are trafficked through primary cilia by intraflagellar transport, which affects key signaling pathways during hard tissue development. In this review, we summarize the roles of primary cilia in long bone development and remodeling from two perspectives: primary cilia signaling and sensory mechanisms. In addition, the cilium-related diseases of hard tissue and the manifestations of mutant cilia in the skeleton and teeth are described. We believe that all the findings will help with the intervention and treatment of related hard tissue genetic diseases.
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17
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Tian BR, Lin WF, Zhang Y. Effects of biomechanical forces on the biological behavior of cancer stem cells. J Cancer 2021; 12:5895-5902. [PMID: 34476003 PMCID: PMC8408108 DOI: 10.7150/jca.60893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), dynamic subsets of cancer cells, are responsible for malignant progression. The unique properties of CSCs, including self-renewal, differentiation, and malignancy, closely depend on the tumor microenvironment. Mechanical components in the microenvironment, including matrix stiffness, fluid shear stress, compression and tension stress, affect the fate of CSCs and further influence the cancer process. This paper reviews recent studies of mechanical components and CSCs, and further discusses the intrinsic correlation among them. Regulatory mechanisms of mechanical microenvironment, which act on CSCs, have great potential for clinical application and provide different perspectives to drugs and treatment design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ren Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fan Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Gene Function and Regulation, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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18
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Zhang TM, Yang K, Liang SX, Tian YY, Xu ZY, Liu H, Yan YB. Microarray Analysis of Differential Gene Expression Between Traumatic Temporomandibular Joint Fibrous and Bony Ankylosis in a Sheep Model. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e932545. [PMID: 34400603 PMCID: PMC8379999 DOI: 10.12659/msm.932545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The type of traumatic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis depends on the degree of severity of TMJ trauma. Here, we performed comprehensive differential molecular profiling between TMJ fibrous and bony ankylosis. Material/Methods Six sheep were used and a bilateral different degree of TMJ trauma was performed to induce fibrous ankylosis in one side and bony ankylosis in the other side. The ankylosed calluses were harvested at days 14 and 28 postoperatively and analyzed by Affymetrix OviGene-1_0-ST microarrays. DAVID was used to perform the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis for the different expression genes (DEGs). The DEGs were also typed into protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks to get the interaction data. Ten DEGs, including 7 hub genes from PPI analysis, were confirmed by real-time PCR. Results We found 90 and 323 DEGs at least 2-fold at days 14 and 28, respectively. At day 14, bony ankylosis showed upregulated DEGs, such as TLR8, SYK, NFKBIA, PTPRC, CD86, ITGAM, and ITGAL, indicating a stronger immune and inflammatory response and cell adhesion, while genes associated with anti-adhesion (PRG4) and inhibition of osteoblast differentiation (SFRP1) had higher expression in fibrous ankylosis. At day 28, bony ankylosis showed increased biological process related to new bone formation, while fibrous ankylosis was characterized by a prolonged immune and inflammatory reaction. Conclusions This study provides a differential gene expression profile between TMJ fibrous and bony ankylosis. Further study of these key genes may provide new ideas for future treatment of TMJ bony ankylosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Oromaxillofacial - Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Kun Yang
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Su-Xia Liang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yuan-Yuan Tian
- Department of Oromaxillofacial - Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Zhao-Yuan Xu
- Department of Oromaxillofacial - Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Oromaxillofacial - Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Ying-Bin Yan
- Department of Oromaxillofacial - Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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19
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Arora S, Srinivasan A, Leung CM, Toh YC. Bio-mimicking Shear Stress Environments for Enhancing Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 15:414-427. [PMID: 32268869 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x15666200408113630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells, with the ability to differentiate into mesodermal (e.g., adipocyte, chondrocyte, hematopoietic, myocyte, osteoblast), ectodermal (e.g., epithelial, neural) and endodermal (e.g., hepatocyte, islet cell) lineages based on the type of induction cues provided. As compared to embryonic stem cells, MSCs hold a multitude of advantages from a clinical translation perspective, including ease of isolation, low immunogenicity and limited ethical concerns. Therefore, MSCs are a promising stem cell source for different regenerative medicine applications. The in vitro differentiation of MSCs into different lineages relies on effective mimicking of the in vivo milieu, including both biochemical and mechanical stimuli. As compared to other biophysical cues, such as substrate stiffness and topography, the role of fluid shear stress (SS) in regulating MSC differentiation has been investigated to a lesser extent although the role of interstitial fluid and vascular flow in regulating the normal physiology of bone, muscle and cardiovascular tissues is well-known. This review aims to summarise the current state-of-the-art regarding the role of SS in the differentiation of MSCs into osteogenic, cardiovascular, chondrogenic, adipogenic and neurogenic lineages. We will also highlight and discuss the potential of employing SS to augment the differentiation of MSCs to other lineages, where SS is known to play a role physiologically but has not yet been successfully harnessed for in vitro differentiation, including liver, kidney and corneal tissue lineage cells. The incorporation of SS, in combination with biochemical and biophysical cues during MSC differentiation, may provide a promising avenue to improve the functionality of the differentiated cells by more closely mimicking the in vivo milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seep Arora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, 117583, Singapore
| | - Akshaya Srinivasan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, 117583, Singapore
| | - Chak Ming Leung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, 117583, Singapore
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20
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Manokawinchoke J, Pavasant P, Limjeerajarus CN, Limjeerajarus N, Osathanon T, Egusa H. Mechanical loading and the control of stem cell behavior. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 125:105092. [PMID: 33652301 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mechanical stimulation regulates many cell responses. The present study describes the effects of different in vitro mechanical stimulation approaches on stem cell behavior. DESIGN The narrative review approach was performed. The articles published in English language that addressed the effects of mechanical force on stem cells were searched on Pubmed and Scopus database. The effects of extrinsic mechanical force on stem cell response was reviewed and discussed. RESULTS Cells sense mechanical stimuli by the function of mechanoreceptors and further transduce force stimulation into intracellular signaling. Cell responses to mechanical stimuli depend on several factors including type, magnitude, and duration. Further, similar mechanical stimuli exhibit distinct cell responses based on numerous factors including cell type and differentiation stage. Various mechanical applications modulate stemness maintenance and cell differentiation toward specific lineages. CONCLUSIONS Mechanical force application modulates stemness maintenance and differentiation. Modification of force regimens could be utilized to precisely control appropriate stem cell behavior toward specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Chalida Nakalekha Limjeerajarus
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Nuttapol Limjeerajarus
- Research Center for Advanced Energy Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology, Bangkok, 10250, Thailand.
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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21
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Henao JC, Grismaldo A, Barreto A, Rodríguez-Pardo VM, Mejía-Cruz CC, Leal-Garcia E, Pérez-Núñez R, Rojas P, Latorre R, Carvacho I, Torres YP. TRPM8 Channel Promotes the Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:592946. [PMID: 33614639 PMCID: PMC7890257 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.592946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various families of ion channels have been characterized in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including some members of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels family. TRP channels are involved in critical cellular processes as differentiation and cell proliferation. Here, we analyzed the expression of TRPM8 channel in human bone marrow MSCs (hBM-MSCs), and its relation with osteogenic differentiation. Patch-clamp recordings showed that hBM-MSCs expressed outwardly rectifying currents which were increased by exposure to 500 μM menthol and were partially inhibited by 10 μM of BCTC, a TRPM8 channels antagonist. Additionally, we have found the expression of TRPM8 by RT-PCR and western blot. We also explored the TRPM8 localization in hBM-MSCs by immunofluorescence using confocal microscopy. Remarkably, hBM-MSCs treatment with 100 μM of menthol or 10 μM of icilin, TRPM8 agonists, increases osteogenic differentiation. Conversely, 20 μM of BCTC, induced a decrease of osteogenic differentiation. These results suggest that TRPM8 channels are functionally active in hBM-MSCs and have a role in cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Henao
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Grismaldo
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alfonso Barreto
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Viviana M Rodríguez-Pardo
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Claudia Camila Mejía-Cruz
- Grupo de Inmunobiología y Biología Celular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Efrain Leal-Garcia
- Departamento de Ortopedia y Traumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Patricio Rojas
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ramón Latorre
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ingrid Carvacho
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Yolima P Torres
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Li SS, Gao S, Chen Y, Bao H, Li ZT, Yao QP, Liu JT, Wang Y, Qi YX. Platelet-derived microvesicles induce calcium oscillations and promote VSMC migration via TRPV4. Theranostics 2021; 11:2410-2423. [PMID: 33500733 PMCID: PMC7797689 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Abnormal migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the media to the interior is a critical process during the intimal restenosis caused by vascular injury. Here, we determined the role of platelet-derived microvesicles (PMVs) released by activated platelets in VSMC migration. Methods: A percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon dilatation catheter was used to establish vascular intimal injury. Collagen I was used to activate PMVs, mimicking collagen exposure during intimal injury. To determine the effects of PMVs on VSMC migration in vitro, scratch wound healing assays were performed. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer was used to detect variations of calcium dynamics in VSMCs. Results: Morphological results showed that neointimal hyperplasia was markedly increased after balloon injury of the carotid artery in rats, and the main component was VSMCs. PMVs significantly promoted single cell migration and wound closure in vitro. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer revealed that PMVs induced temporal and dynamic calcium oscillations in the cytoplasms of VSMCs. The influx of extracellular calcium, but not calcium from intracellular stores, was involved in the process described above. The channel antagonist GSK219 and specific siRNA revealed that a membrane calcium channel, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), participated in the calcium oscillations and VSMC migration induced by PMVs. Conclusions: TRPV4 participated in the calcium oscillations and VSMC migration induced by PMVs. PMVs and the related molecules might be novel therapeutic targets for vascular remodeling during vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Li
- Institute of Mechanobiology& Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences &Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Institute of Mechanobiology& Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences &Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute of Mechanobiology& Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences &Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Bao
- Institute of Mechanobiology& Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences &Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Tong Li
- Institute of Mechanobiology& Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences &Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-Ping Yao
- Institute of Mechanobiology& Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences &Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Ting Liu
- Institute of Mechanobiology& Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences &Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingxiao Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Ying-Xin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology& Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences &Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
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Swain SM, Liddle RA. Piezo1 acts upstream of TRPV4 to induce pathological changes in endothelial cells due to shear stress. J Biol Chem 2020; 296:100171. [PMID: 33298523 PMCID: PMC7948745 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ion channels Piezo1 and TRPV4 have both, independently, been implicated in high venous pressure- and fluid shear stress-induced vascular hyperpermeability in endothelial cells. However, the mechanism by which Piezo1 and TRPV4 channels execute the same function is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that Piezo1 regulates TRPV4 channel activation in endothelial cells and that Piezo1-mediated TRPV4 channel opening is a function of the strength and duration of fluid shear stress. We first confirmed that either fluid shear stress or the Piezo1 agonist, Yoda1, led to an elevation in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and that application of the Piezo1 antagonist, GsMTx4, completely blocked this change. We discovered that high and prolonged shear stress caused sustained [Ca2+]i elevation that was blocked by inhibition of TRPV4 channel opening. Moreover, Piezo1 stimulated TRPV4 opening through activation of phospholipase A2. TRPV4-dependent sustained [Ca2+]i elevation was responsible for fluid shear stress-mediated and Piezo1-mediated disruption of adherens junctions and actin remodeling. Blockade of TRPV4 channels with the selective TRPV4 blocker, HC067047, prevented the loss of endothelial cell integrity and actin disruption induced by Yoda1 or shear stress and prevented Piezo1-induced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cell monolayers. These findings demonstrate that Piezo1 activation by fluid shear stress initiates a calcium signal that causes TRPV4 opening, which in turn is responsible for the sustained phase calcium elevation that triggers pathological events in endothelial cells. Thus, deleterious effects of shear stress are initiated by Piezo1 but require TRPV4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip M Swain
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rodger A Liddle
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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24
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Jiao J, Feng G, Wu M, Wang Y, Li R, Liu J. MiR-140-5p promotes osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and post-fracture healing of mice. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:1152-1160. [PMID: 33047358 PMCID: PMC7756898 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MiR-140-5p is high expressed in normal fracture healing, but its specific role and mechanism in tissue-to-bone healing are rarely reported. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of miR-140-5p on tissue-to-bone healing. Clone formation experiment, flow cytometry, Alizarin Red S Staining and Oil Red O Staining were performed to investigate the biological characteristics of mouse embryonic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells C3H10T1/2. MiR-140-5p mimic was transfected into osteogenic medium (OS)-treated C3H10T1/2 cells to investigate the effects of miR-140-5p on osteogenic differentiation. MiR-140-5p transgenic mouse model and the transgenic fracture model were established, and the effects of miR-140-5p on osteogenic differentiation, bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mass of bone tissues were detected by haematoxylin and eosin staining and computed tomography scan. The expressions of osteocalcin, differentiation-related genes (Runx2, ALP, Spp1 and Bglap3) and miR-140-5p were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. C3H10T1/2 cells showed the abilities of forming cloned differentiation of osteogenesis, fat cells, and its phenotypes including CD44, CD90.1 and Sca-1 but excluding CD45 haematopoietic stem cell marker. Overexpression of miR-140-5p promoted the expressions of differentiation-related genes and calcium deposition of OS-treated C3H10T1/2 cells. MiR-140-5p increased the expression of osteocalcin, BMD and bone mass and promoted bone healing of miR-140-5p-transgenic mice with fracture. MiR-140-5p promoted osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and post-fracture healing in mice. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: C3H10T1/2 cells showed the abilities of forming cloned differentiation of osteogenesis, fat cells and its phenotypes including CD44, CD90.1 and Sca-1 but excluding CD45 haematopoietic stem cell marker. Overexpression of miR-140-5p promoted the expressions of differentiation-related genes and calcium deposition of osteogenic medium-treated C3H10T1/2 cells. MiR-140-5p increased the expression of osteocalcin and bone mineral density and bone mass and promoted bone healing of miR-140-5p-transgenic mice with fracture. Our results showed that miR-140-5p promoted osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and post-fracture healing in mice, which may be a therapeutic target for treating fractures and promoting bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guang Feng
- The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Minfei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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25
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Yong KW, Choi JR, Choi JY, Cowie AC. Recent Advances in Mechanically Loaded Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5816. [PMID: 32823645 PMCID: PMC7461207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Large bone defects are a major health concern worldwide. The conventional bone repair techniques (e.g., bone-grafting and Masquelet techniques) have numerous drawbacks, which negatively impact their therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, there is a demand to develop an alternative bone repair approach that can address the existing drawbacks. Bone tissue engineering involving the utilization of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) has recently emerged as a key strategy for the regeneration of damaged bone tissues. However, the use of tissue-engineered bone graft for the clinical treatment of bone defects remains challenging. While the role of mechanical loading in creating a bone graft has been well explored, the effects of mechanical loading factors (e.g., loading types and regime) on clinical outcomes are poorly understood. This review summarizes the effects of mechanical loading on hMSCs for bone tissue engineering applications. First, we discuss the key assays for assessing the quality of tissue-engineered bone grafts, including specific staining, as well as gene and protein expression of osteogenic markers. Recent studies of the impact of mechanical loading on hMSCs, including compression, perfusion, vibration and stretching, along with the potential mechanotransduction signalling pathways, are subsequently reviewed. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and prospects of bone tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kar Wey Yong
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jane Ru Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2054-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Centre for Blood Research, Life Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jean Yu Choi
- Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, Scotland DD1 5EH, UK; (J.Y.C.); (A.C.C.)
| | - Alistair C. Cowie
- Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, Scotland DD1 5EH, UK; (J.Y.C.); (A.C.C.)
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26
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Wyrobnik TA, Ducci A, Micheletti M. Advances in human mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies - Towards an integrated biological and engineering approach. Stem Cell Res 2020; 47:101888. [PMID: 32688331 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances of stem cell-based therapies in clinical trials have raised the need for large-scale manufacturing platforms that can supply clinically relevant doses to meet an increasing demand. Promising results have been reported using stirred-tank bioreactors, where human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (hMSCs) were cultured in suspension on microcarriers (MCs), although the formation of microcarrier-cell-aggregates might still limit mass transfer and determine a heterogeneous distribution of hMSCs. A variety of MCs, bioreactor-impeller configurations, and agitation conditions have been established in an attempt to overcome the trade-off of ensuring good suspension while keeping the stresses to a minimum. While understanding and controlling the fluid flow environment of bioreactors has been initially under-appreciated, it has recently gained in popularity in the mission of providing ideal culture environments across different scales. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how rigorous engineering characterisation studies improved the outcome of biological process development and scale-up efforts. Reconciling these two disciplines is crucial to propose tailored bioprocessing solutions that can provide improved growth environments across a range of scales for the allogeneic cell therapies of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom A Wyrobnik
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrea Ducci
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, UCL, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Martina Micheletti
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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27
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Wu T, Yin F, Wang N, Ma X, Jiang C, Zhou L, Zong Y, Shan H, Xia W, Lin Y, Zhou Z, Yu X. Involvement of mechanosensitive ion channels in the effects of mechanical stretch induces osteogenic differentiation in mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:284-293. [PMID: 32592173 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can be induced to process osteogenic differentiation with appropriate mechanical and/or chemical stimuli. The present study described the successful culture of murine BMSCs under mechanical strain. BMSCs were subjected to 0%, 3%, 8%, 13%, and 18% cyclic tensile strain at 0.5 Hz for 8 hr/day for 3 days. The expression of osteogenic markers and mechanosensitive ion channels was evaluated with real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot. The expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and matrix mineralization were evaluated with histochemical staining. To investigate the effects of mechanosensitive ion channel expression on cyclic tensile strain-induced osteogenic differentiation, the expression of osteogenic markers was evaluated with real-time RT-PCR in the cells without mechanosensitive ion channel expression. This study revealed a significant augment in osteogenic marker in BMSC strained at 8% compared to other treatments; therefore, an 8% strain was used for further investigations. The ALP expression and matrix mineralization were enhanced in osteogenic induced BMSCs subjected to 8% strain after 7 and 14 days, respectively. Under the same conditions, the osteogenic marker and mechanosensitive ion channel expression were significantly promoted. However, the loss function of mechanosensitive ion channels resulted in the inhibition of osteogenic marker expression. This study demonstrated that strain alone can successfully induce osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs and the expression of mechanosensitive ion channels was involved in the process. The current findings suggest that mechanical stretch could function as efficient stimuli to induce the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via the activation of mechanosensitive ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuli Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaolai Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihui Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Xiangshan First People's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Zong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Shan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyang Xia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zubin Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaowei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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29
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Jia X, Su H, Chen X, Huang Y, Zheng Y, Ji P, Gao C, Gong X, Huang Y, Jiang LH, Fan Y. A critical role of the K Ca 3.1 channel in mechanical stretch-induced proliferation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:3739-3744. [PMID: 32065503 PMCID: PMC7131943 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stimulation is an important factor regulating mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) functions such as proliferation. The Ca2+ -activated K+ channel, KCa 3.1, is critically engaged in MSC proliferation but its role in mechanical regulation of MSC proliferation remains unknown. Here, we examined the KCa 3.1 channel expression and its role in rat bone marrow-derived MSC (BMSC) proliferation in response to mechanical stretch. Application of mechanical stretch stimulated BMSC proliferation via promoting cell cycle progression. Such mechanical stimulation up-regulated the KCa 3.1 channel expression and pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the KCa 3.1 channel strongly suppressed stretch-induced increase in cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. These results support that the KCa 3.1 channel plays an important role in transducing mechanical forces to MSC proliferation. Our finding provides new mechanistic insights into how mechanical stimuli regulate MSC proliferation and also a viable bioengineering approach to improve MSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Jia
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hao Su
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yangbi Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufan Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Ji
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Gong
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- School of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, China
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30
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Accelerated osteoblastic differentiation in patient-derived dental pulp stem cells carrying a gain-of-function mutation of TRPV4 associated with metatropic dysplasia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 523:841-846. [PMID: 31954514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Metatropic dysplasia (MD) is a congenital skeletal dysplasia characterized by severe platyspondyly and dumbbell-like long-bone deformities. These skeletal phenotypes are predominantly caused by autosomal dominant gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), which encodes a nonselective Ca2+-permeable cation channel. Previous studies have shown that constitutive TRPV4 channel activation leads to irregular chondrogenic proliferation and differentiation, and thus to the disorganized endochondral ossification seen in MD. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of TRPV4 in osteoblast differentiation and MD pathogenesis. Specifically, the behavior of osteoblasts differentiated from patient-derived dental pulp stem cells carrying a heterozygous single base TRPV4 mutation, c.1855C > T (p.L619F) was compared to that of osteoblasts differentiated from isogenic control cells (in which the mutation was corrected using the CRISPR/Cas9 system). The mutant osteoblasts exhibited enhanced calcification (indicated by intense Alizarin Red S staining), increased intracellular Ca2+ levels, strongly upregulated runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin expression, and increased expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-activated T cell c1 (NFATc1) compared to control cells. These results suggest that the analyzed TRPV4 GOF mutation disrupts osteoblastic differentiation and induces MD-associated disorganized endochondral ossification by increasing Ca2+/NFATc1 pathway activity. Thus, inhibiting the NFATc1 pathway may be a promising potential therapeutic strategy to attenuate skeletal deformities in MD.
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31
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Hou W, Fu H, Liu X, Duan K, Lu X, Lu M, Sun T, Guo T, Weng J. Cation Channel Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 Mediates Topography-Induced Osteoblastic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6520-6529. [PMID: 33417804 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Micro/nanotopographies (MNTs) have been reported to enhance the osseointegration of biomaterials and modulate cell functions, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) may mediate the topographically induced osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) by regulating the NFATc1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. To test this hypothesis, murine BMSCs were cultured on polished titanium (Ti) discs (PT) and Ti discs carrying titania nanotubes (i.e., MNTs) with diameters of ∼30 and ∼100 nm (termed TNT-30 and TNT-100, respectively). It was found that the MNTs (in particular TNT-100) promoted the expression and activation of TRPV4. Inhibition of TRPV4 in BMSCs cultured on TNT-100 reduced the expression of osteoblastic genes and the gene expression and protein levels of NFATc1 and Wnt3a/β-catenin and also decreased nuclear translocation of NFATc1 and β-catenin (all vs uninhibited BMSCs). Conversely, activation of TRPV4 in BMSCs cultured on PT increased the expression of the osteoblastic gene and the gene expression and protein level of NFATc1 and Wnt3a/β-catenin and also enhanced the nuclear translocation of NFATc1 and β-catenin (all vs unactivated BMSCs). These differences suggest that the MNTs promoted TRPV4 expression and activation to enhance intracellular Ca2+, which further increased the nuclear translocation of NFATc1 and stimulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, thus leading to upregulated expression of osteoblastic genes. These results indicate TRPV4 to be a mediator in MNT-induced osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs.
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32
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Saidova AA, Vorobjev IA. Lineage Commitment, Signaling Pathways, and the Cytoskeleton Systems in Mesenchymal Stem Cells. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 26:13-25. [PMID: 31663422 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adult tissues are promising candidates for personalized cell therapy and tissue engineering. Significant progress was achieved in our understanding of the regulation of MSCs proliferation and differentiation by different cues during the past years. Proliferation and differentiation of MSCs are sensitive to the extracellular matrix (ECM) properties, physical cues, and chemical signaling. Sheath stress, matrix stiffness, surface adhesiveness, and micro- and nanotopography define cell shape and dictate lineage commitment of MSCs even in the absence of specific chemical signals. We discuss mechanotransduction as the major route from ECM through the cytoskeleton toward signaling pathways and gene expression. All components of the cytoskeleton from primary cilium and focal adhesions (FAs) to actin, microtubules (MTs), and intermediate filaments (IFs) are involved in the mechanotransduction. Differentiation of MSCs is regulated via the complex network of interrelated signaling pathways, including RhoA/ROCK, Akt/Erk, and YAP/TAZ effectors of Hippo pathway. These pathways could be regulated both by chemical and mechanical stimuli. Attenuation of these pathways in MSCs results in specific changes in FAs and actin cytoskeleton. Besides, differentiation of MSCs affects MTs and IFs. Recent findings highlight the role of intranuclear actin in the regulation of transcription factors in response to mechanical environmental stimuli. Alterations of cytoskeletal components reflect the MSC senescence state and their migratory capacity. In this review, we discuss the relationships between the molecular interactions in signaling pathways and morphological response of cytoskeletal components and reveal the complex interrelations between cytoskeleton systems and signaling pathways during lineage commitment of MSCs. Impact Statement This review describes the complex network of relationships between mechanical and biochemical stimuli in mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their balance which defines the morphological changes of cell shape due to rearrangement of cytoskeletal systems during lineage commitment of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleena A Saidova
- Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Center of Experimental Embryology and Reproductive Biotechnology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan A Vorobjev
- Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Biology, School of Science and Humanities and National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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33
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Xiao F, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Xie M, Guo G. Inhibitory Effect of Sirtuin6 (SIRT6) on Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:8412-8421. [PMID: 31701920 PMCID: PMC6858786 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The imbalance between bone resorption and formation is the basic mechanism underlying osteoporosis in the elderly. Osteogenesis is the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into osteoblasts. Sirtuin6 (SIRT6) regulates various biological functions, including differentiation. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) is a non-selective cation channel that can be activated by physical and chemical stimulation. However, experimental data supporting the role of SIRT6 in osteogenic differentiation (OD) of hMSCs are lacking. MATERIAL AND METHODS Differentiation of hMSCs was induced. The expressions of SIRT6, TRPV1, and CGRP were detected by Q-PCR, Western blot, and ELISA, respectively. SIRT6 was overexpressed in hMSCs by transfection. ALP activity and Alizarin Red staining were utilized to detect the effect of SIRT6 on hMSC OD. Then, capsaicin and capsazepine, the TRPV1 agonist and antagonist, respectively, were administrated to assess the role of TRPV1. RESULTS SIRT6 expression was downregulated during hMSC differentiation. SIRT6 overexpression was accompanied by reduced expression of specific genes and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in osteoblasts. Furthermore, TRPV1 channel was also reduced by SIRT6 overexpression via ubiquitinating TRPV1. Capsaicin was utilized in SIRT6-overexpressed cells. Capsaicin therapy counteracted the effect of SIRT6 overexpression on OD, and markedly decreased OD. CONCLUSIONS The SIRT6-TRPV1-CGRP signal axis is the key to regulating OD in hMSCs, which could be a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis and bone loss-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiao
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Yongfu Liu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Mian Xie
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
| | - Guancheng Guo
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China (mainland)
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Volume expansion and TRPV4 activation regulate stem cell fate in three-dimensional microenvironments. Nat Commun 2019; 10:529. [PMID: 30705265 PMCID: PMC6355972 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cultured in three dimensional matrices, matrix remodeling is associated with enhanced osteogenic differentiation. However, the mechanism linking matrix remodeling in 3D to osteogenesis of MSCs remains unclear. Here, we find that MSCs in viscoelastic hydrogels exhibit volume expansion during cell spreading, and greater volume expansion is associated with enhanced osteogenesis. Restriction of expansion by either hydrogels with slow stress relaxation or increased osmotic pressure diminishes osteogenesis, independent of cell morphology. Conversely, induced expansion by hypoosmotic pressure accelerates osteogenesis. Volume expansion is mediated by activation of TRPV4 ion channels, and reciprocal feedback between TRPV4 activation and volume expansion controls nuclear localization of RUNX2, but not YAP, to promote osteogenesis. This work demonstrates the role of cell volume in regulating cell fate in 3D culture, and identifies TRPV4 as a molecular sensor of matrix viscoelasticity that regulates osteogenic differentiation. For mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), matrix remodeling is associated with enhanced osteogenic differentiation. Here authors find that MSCs in viscoelastic hydrogels exhibit volume expansion during cell spreading, and greater volume expansion is associated with enhanced osteogenesis.
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TRPV4-mediated calcium signaling in mesenchymal stem cells regulates aligned collagen matrix formation and vinculin tension. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:1992-1997. [PMID: 30674675 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811095116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microarchitectural cues drive aligned fibrillar collagen deposition in vivo and in biomaterial scaffolds, but the cell-signaling events that underlie this process are not well understood. Utilizing a multicellular patterning model system that allows for observation of intracellular signaling events during collagen matrix assembly, we investigated the role of calcium (Ca2+) signaling in human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during this process. We observed spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations in MSCs during fibrillar collagen assembly, and hypothesized that the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel, a mechanosensitive Ca2+-permeable channel, may regulate this signaling. Inhibition of TRPV4 nearly abolished Ca2+ signaling at initial stages of collagen matrix assembly, while at later times had reduced but significant effects. Importantly, blocking TRPV4 activity dramatically reduced aligned collagen fibril assembly; conversely, activating TRPV4 accelerated aligned collagen formation. TRPV4-dependent Ca2+ oscillations were found to be independent of pattern shape or subpattern cell location, suggesting this signaling mechanism is necessary for aligned collagen formation but not sufficient in the absence of physical (microarchitectural) cues that force multicellular alignment. As cell-generated mechanical forces are known to be critical to the matrix assembly process, we examined the role of TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ signaling in force generated across the load-bearing focal adhesion protein vinculin within MSCs using an FRET-based tension sensor. Inhibiting TRPV4 decreased tensile force across vinculin, whereas TRPV4 activation caused a dynamic unloading and reloading of vinculin. Together, these findings suggest TRPV4 activity regulates forces at cell-matrix adhesions and is critical to aligned collagen matrix assembly by MSCs.
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de Almeida Fuzeta M, de Matos Branco AD, Fernandes-Platzgummer A, da Silva CL, Cabral JMS. Addressing the Manufacturing Challenges of Cell-Based Therapies. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 171:225-278. [PMID: 31844924 DOI: 10.1007/10_2019_118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exciting developments in the cell therapy field over the last decades have led to an increasing number of clinical trials and the first cell products receiving marketing authorization. In spite of substantial progress in the field, manufacturing of cell-based therapies presents multiple challenges that need to be addressed in order to assure the development of safe, efficacious, and cost-effective cell therapies.The manufacturing process of cell-based therapies generally requires tissue collection, cell isolation, culture and expansion (upstream processing), cell harvest, separation and purification (downstream processing), and, finally, product formulation and storage. Each one of these stages presents significant challenges that have been the focus of study over the years, leading to innovative and groundbreaking technological advances, as discussed throughout this chapter.Delivery of cell-based therapies relies on defining product targets while controlling process variable impact on cellular features. Moreover, commercial viability is a critical issue that has had damaging consequences for some therapies. Implementation of cost-effectiveness measures facilitates healthy process development, potentially being able to influence end product pricing.Although cell-based therapies represent a new level in bioprocessing complexity in every manufacturing stage, they also show unprecedented levels of therapeutic potential, already radically changing the landscape of medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel de Almeida Fuzeta
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André Dargen de Matos Branco
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Fernandes-Platzgummer
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Lobato da Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Li P, Zhang H, Wang D, Tao Y, Zhang L, Zhang W, Wang X. An efficient nonlinear hybridization chain reaction-based sensitive fluorescent assay for in situ estimation of calcium channel protein expression on bone marrow cells. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1041:25-32. [PMID: 30340687 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and highly efficient approach to monitor the expression of proteins on live cells was urgently needed to demonstrate its factor and mechanism and most important for clinical diagnostics and molecular biology. Herein, we developed a simple and highly efficient strategy, nonlinear hybridization chain reaction (nonlinear HCR), for the sensitive determination of proteins on live cells with transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) and RAW264.7 cells as a model. Unlike the normal hybridization chain reaction (HCR) with multiplicative amplification, an exponential amplified fluorescent response could be obtained in theory based on the proposed nonlinear HCR. As a result, the nonlinear HCR generated a significant enhancement about 3 times compared with the normal HCR and 10 times compared with the directly immunofluorescence assay. Based on the proposed nonlinear HCR, the fluorescent signals increased with the concentration of TRPV4 in the range from 10 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL with a detection limit of 2.8 pg/mL, which would be useful for the sensitive detection of proteins in cell lysis or on cell surface. At the same time, the significant improvements via nonlinear HCR were achieved in the fluorescent imaging system compared with traditional immunofluorescence staining and normal HCR, proving the significant value of nonlinear HCR-based amplification strategy. Success in the establishment of the highly efficient nonlinear HCR strategy offered a simple and sensitive approach to demonstrate the concentration of special proteins on cell and other proteins and nucleotide potentially, revealing a simple and efficient technology for research fields of clinical diagnostics and molecular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Maxillofacial &E.N.T Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Maxillofacial &E.N.T Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial &E.N.T Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Yingjie Tao
- Department of Maxillofacial &E.N.T Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Lun Zhang
- Department of Maxillofacial &E.N.T Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Department of Maxillofacial &E.N.T Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300020, PR China.
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial &E.N.T Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, 300020, PR China.
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Bone remodeling induced by mechanical forces is regulated by miRNAs. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180448. [PMID: 29844019 PMCID: PMC6028748 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between mechanical force and alveolar bone remodeling is an important issue in orthodontics because tooth movement is dependent on the response of bone tissue to the mechanical force induced by the appliances used. Mechanical cyclical stretch (MCS), fluid shear stress (FSS), compression, and microgravity play different roles in the cell differentiation and proliferation involved in bone remodeling. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear, particularly the molecular pathways regulated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play essential roles in bone remodeling. Amongst the various ncRNAs, miRNAs act as post-transcriptional regulators that inhibit the expression of their target genes. miRNAs are considered key regulators of many biologic processes including bone remodeling. Here, we review the role of miRNAs in mechanical force-induced bone metabolism.
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Corrigan MA, Johnson GP, Stavenschi E, Riffault M, Labour MN, Hoey DA. TRPV4-mediates oscillatory fluid shear mechanotransduction in mesenchymal stem cells in part via the primary cilium. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3824. [PMID: 29491434 PMCID: PMC5830574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal homeostasis requires the continued replenishment of the bone forming osteoblast from a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) population, a process that has been shown to be mechanically regulated. However, the mechanisms by which a biophysical stimulus can induce a change in biochemical signaling, mechanotransduction, is poorly understood. As a precursor to loading-induced bone formation, deciphering the molecular mechanisms of MSC osteogenesis is a critical step in developing novel anabolic therapies. Therefore, in this study we characterize the expression of the mechanosensitive calcium channel Transient Receptor Potential subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) in MSCs and demonstrate that TRPV4 localizes to areas of high strain, specifically the primary cilium. We demonstrate that TRPV4 is required for MSC mechanotransduction, mediating oscillatory fluid shear induced calcium signaling and early osteogenic gene expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TRPV4 can be activated pharmacologically eliciting a response that mirrors that seen with mechanical stimulation. Lastly, we show that TRPV4 localization to the primary cilium is functionally significant, with MSCs with defective primary cilia exhibiting an inhibited osteogenic response to TRPV4 activation. Collectively, this data demonstrates a novel mechanism of stem cell mechanotransduction, which can be targeted therapeutically, and further highlights the critical role of the primary cilium in MSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele A Corrigan
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Gillian P Johnson
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Elena Stavenschi
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mathieu Riffault
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin & RCSI, Dublin, 2, Ireland
| | - Marie-Noelle Labour
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland
- Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - David A Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland.
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, 2, Ireland.
- Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin & RCSI, Dublin, 2, Ireland.
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