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Lu R, Fang Y, Wu W, Zeng X, Liu T, Qian Y, Xie Y, Zhou Y, Gu L. Hemodiafiltration with endogenous reinfusion for uremic toxin removal in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis: a pilot study. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2338929. [PMID: 38632963 PMCID: PMC11028005 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2338929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To delineate the efficacy and safety profile of hemodiafiltration with endogenous reinfusion (HFR) for uremic toxin removal in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). METHODS Patients who have been on MHD for a period of at least 3 months were enrolled. Each subject underwent one HFR and one hemodiafiltration (HDF) treatment. Blood samples were collected before and after a single HFR or HDF treatment to test uremic toxin levels and to calculate clearance rate. The primary efficacy endpoint was to compare uremic toxin levels of indoxyl sulfate (IS), λ-free light chains (λFLC), and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) before and after HFR treatment. Secondary efficacy endpoints was to compare the levels of urea, interleukin-6 (IL-6), P-cresol, chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40), leptin (LEP), hippuric acid (HPA), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) before and after HFR treatment. The study also undertook a comparative analysis of uremic toxin clearance between a single HFR and HDF treatment. Meanwhile, the lever of serum albumin and branched-chain amino acids before and after a single HFR or HDF treatment were compared. In terms of safety, the study was meticulous in recording vital signs and the incidence of adverse events throughout its duration. RESULTS The study enrolled 20 patients. After a single HFR treatment, levels of IS, λFLC, β2-MG, IL-6, P-cresol, YKL-40, LEP, HPA, TMAO, ADMA, TNF-α, and FGF23 significantly decreased (p < 0.001 for all). The clearance rates of λFLC, β2-MG, IL-6, LEP, and TNF-α were significantly higher in HFR compared to HDF (p values: 0.036, 0.042, 0.041, 0.019, and 0.036, respectively). Compared with pre-HFR and post-HFR treatment, levels of serum albumin, valine, and isoleucine showed no significant difference (p > 0.05), while post-HDF, levels of serum albumin significantly decreased (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION HFR treatment effectively eliminates uremic toxins from the bloodstream of patients undergoing MHD, especially protein-bound toxins and large middle-molecule toxins. Additionally, it retains essential physiological compounds like albumin and branched-chain amino acids, underscoring its commendable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhua Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangshu Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Qian
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leyi Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Souza APDE, Carvalho LOT, Pedroso AP, Moraes ADES, Cipullo MAT, Dâmaso AR, Telles MM, Oyama LM, Tashima AK, Caranti DA, Ribeiro EB. An interdisciplinary therapy for lifestyle change is effective in improving psychological and inflammatory parameters in women with grade I obesity. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20230365. [PMID: 37909611 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320230365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and depression, disorders associated with inflammation, have high incidences in women. Understanding the derangements present in the initial phase of obesity may point to factors that could help avoiding disease aggravation. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of a 6-months interdisciplinary therapy for weight loss in women with grade I obesity. Before and after the therapy, 37 middle-aged women donated blood and responded to questionnaires for depression and anxiety symptoms. Inflammatory parameters were evaluated in serum and a preliminary screening of the plasma proteome was performed. The therapy decreased anthropometric, psychological scores, and serum levels of inflammatory parameters. Depression and anxiety scores correlated positively with some inflammatory parameters. The proteomic analysis showed changes in proteins related to cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory response. Interdisciplinary therapy improves anthropometric and inflammatory statuses and ameliorating psychological symptoms. The decrease of MCP-1 levels after interdisciplinary therapy has not been reported so far, at the best of our knowledge. The present demonstration of positive associations of inflammatory markers and psychological scores indicate that these mediators may be useful to monitor psychological status in obesity. The present proteome data, although preliminary, pointed to plasma alterations indicative of improvement of inflammation after interdisciplinary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana P DE Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia, Rua Botucatu, 862, 2° andar, Vila Clementino, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lorenza Oliveira T Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia, Rua Botucatu, 862, 2° andar, Vila Clementino, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda Paula Pedroso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia, Rua Botucatu, 862, 2° andar, Vila Clementino, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Amanda DE Santos Moraes
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Departamento de Biociências, Grupo de Estudo de Obesidade (GEO), Av. Dr. Epitácio Pessoa, 741, 11045-301 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Alberto Taddeo Cipullo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Departamento de Biociências, Grupo de Estudo de Obesidade (GEO), Av. Dr. Epitácio Pessoa, 741, 11045-301 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Raimunda Dâmaso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia, Rua Botucatu, 862, 2° andar, Vila Clementino, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mônica M Telles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia, Rua Botucatu, 862, 2° andar, Vila Clementino, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lila M Oyama
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia, Rua Botucatu, 862, 2° andar, Vila Clementino, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre K Tashima
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica, Rua Botucatu, 862, Vila Clementino, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle A Caranti
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Departamento de Biociências, Grupo de Estudo de Obesidade (GEO), Av. Dr. Epitácio Pessoa, 741, 11045-301 Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliane B Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Departamento de Fisiologia, Rua Botucatu, 862, 2° andar, Vila Clementino, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Moore AR, Brown K, Chapman C, Broeckling C. Mass spectrometric-based assessment of the serum kappa to lambda immunoglobulin light chain ratio (κ:λ) in dogs with immunoglobulin secretory diseases. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:460-468. [PMID: 37154287 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The ratio of κ light chains to λ light chains (κ:λ) in serum is used as a biomarker of immunoglobulin secreting neoplasia in humans but has not been evaluated in dogs. A mass-spectrometry based method for determining the canine serum κ:λ was developed and used to evaluate samples from control dogs, dogs with an infectious aetiology, dogs with secretory plasma cell tumours (sPCT) and dogs with non-secretory B cell neoplasia. A human-targeted immunoturbidometric κ:λ assay and immunofixation using antisera targeting human κ light chain or λ light chain was also performed on all samples. Using whole serum samples, the MS-based κ:λ method identified 5 sPCT as κ-predominant (mean κ:λ = 3.307) and 5 sPCT as λ-predominant (mean κ:λ = 0.023) and documented differences between these groups and all other groups (p < 0.05 for all). The infectious aetiology group had a lower mean κ:λ ratio (mean κ:λ = 0.069) than control samples (mean κ:λ = 0.103, p = 0.035). Similar results were obtained when samples were enriched for proteins between 10 and 50 kDa using size exclusion chromatography, except for the statistical difference between the control and infectious aetiology group. All λ-predominant cases had only anti-human λ light chain labelling by immunofixation. Three κ-predominant cases had only anti-human κ-light chain labelling and the remaining two cases did not label with either antisera by immunofixation. The immunoturbidometric method had high analytical CV% (λ light chain CV = 13%, κ light chain CV = 50%), was unable to measure light chains in 20.5% of samples and did not distinguish groups. The data suggests that the human-targeted immunoturbidometric method would not be diagnostically useful and that the MS-derived serum κ:λ may be a useful biomarker of canine immunoglobulin secretory neoplasia which may have the ability to distinguish neoplasia from infectious causes of immunoglobulin secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Russell Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kitty Brown
- Analytical Resources Core-Bioanalysis and Omics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Cecelia Chapman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Corey Broeckling
- Analytical Resources Core-Bioanalysis and Omics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Buthasane P, Roytrakul S, Phaonakrop N, Tunsagool P, Buthasane W, Am-in N, Suriyaphol G. Metaproteomic Analysis of Gut Resistome in the Cecal Microbiota of Fattening Pigs Raised without Antibiotics. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0222323. [PMID: 37439677 PMCID: PMC10433946 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02223-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Improper use of antibiotics in swine could reduce commensal bacteria and possibly increase pathogen infections via the gut resistome. This study aimed to compare the metaproteomic profiles of the gut resistome and related metabolism in the cecal microbiota of fattening pigs raised under antibiotic-free (ABF) conditions with those of ordinary industrial pigs (controls [CTRL]). The top three relatively abundant microbes in both groups were Escherichia coli, Ruminococcus, and Lactobacillus, followed by Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium. E. coli, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroides were found to be increased in the CTRL group, whereas Ruminococcus and Clostridium were greater in the ABF group. The highest abundances of antibiotic resistance proteins (log2 expression levels [ELs] of >10) were found to be for tetracycline resistance (Tetr) and aminoglycoside resistance (AMGr) proteins found in Bacteroides, with a significant increase in the CTRL group. High Tetr (ELs of 5.32) was found in Ruminococcus in the CTRL group, although pigs in both groups had never received tetracycline, possibly reflecting the influence of environments in farms. In E. coli, AMGr and β-lactamase family proteins were observed in both groups (ELs of 3 to 6), whereas multidrug resistance protein MdtL was significantly expressed in the CTRL group (ELs of around 3). In the ABF group, CRISPR-associated endonucleases Cas1 and Cas9, which function to defend against viruses, were markedly observed in Ruminococcus and Lactobacillus, respectively, with ELs of 8.6 and 4.15, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that CRISPR-associated endonucleases were markedly observed in the ABF group, whereas higher levels of Tetr, AMGr, and multidrug resistance protein MdtL was markedly observed in dominant bacterial species in the CTRL group. IMPORTANCE In order to control and reduce antibiotic use in animals, the Department of Livestock Development, Thailand, has launched a campaign for antibiotic-free livestock production. The present study has shown for the first time that CRISPR-associated endonucleases Cas1 and Cas9, which function to defend against viruses, were markedly observed in Ruminococcus and Lactobacillus, respectively, in ceca of pigs raised without antibiotics (ABF). The highest abundances of antibiotic resistance proteins were for tetracycline (Tetr) and aminoglycoside resistance (AMGr) proteins found in Bacteroides, with a significant increase in the controls. In E. coli, the microbe with the highest relative abundance, AMGr and β-lactamase family proteins were observed in both groups, whereas multidrug resistance protein MdtL was significantly expressed in the controls. Pigs in both ABF and control groups had never received tetracycline, possibly reflecting the influence of farm environments. We suggest that pigs raised without antibiotics may have more beneficial microorganisms for the gut than pigs raised with antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamornya Buthasane
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Tunsagool
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wannapol Buthasane
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nutthee Am-in
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gunnaporn Suriyaphol
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Myllynen C, Sarkkinen J, Atula S, Tienari P, Kekäläinen E, Laakso SM. A skewed ratio of free light chains is more common in patients with late-onset than early-onset myasthenia gravis. Immunol Lett 2023; 260:S0165-2478(23)00113-X. [PMID: 37414259 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoantibody-mediated neuromuscular disease with an unpredictable clinical course. Serum free light chains (FLCs) have risen as a promising biomarker for MG, but their role in different subtypes of MG and in predicting disease progression is still uncharted. We investigated plasma from 58 generalized MG patients during post-thymectomy follow-up to determine κ and λ FLC and κ/λ ratio. In a subcohort of 30 patients, we examined the expression of 92 proteins associated with immuno-oncology using Olink. We further studied the ability of FLCs or proteomic markers to differentiate disease severity. Patients with late-onset MG (LOMG) displayed significantly higher mean κ/λ ratio than patients with early-onset MG (P=0.004). Inducible T-cell co-stimulator ligand (ICOSLG), matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and arginase 1 (ARG1) were differentially expressed in MG patients compared to healthy controls. There were no significant associations between clinical outcomes and FLCs or the assayed proteins. In conclusion, an elevated κ/λ ratio suggests long-lasting aberrant clonal plasma cell function in LOMG. Immuno-oncology-related proteomic analysis showed alterations in immunoregulatory pathways. Our findings pinpoint the FLC ratio as a biomarker for LOMG and call for further investigation of the immunoregulatory pathways in MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Myllynen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Joona Sarkkinen
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Atula
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pentti Tienari
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eliisa Kekäläinen
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; HUS Diagnostic Center, HUSLAB Clinical Microbiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini M Laakso
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Neurology, Neurocenter, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Arneth B, Kraus J. The Use of Kappa Free Light Chains to Diagnose Multiple Sclerosis. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58111512. [PMID: 36363469 PMCID: PMC9698214 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The positive implications of using free light chains in diagnosing multiple sclerosis have increasingly gained considerable interest in medical research and the scientific community. It is often presumed that free light chains, particularly kappa and lambda free light chains, are of practical use and are associated with a higher probability of obtaining positive results compared to oligoclonal bands. The primary purpose of the current paper was to conduct a systematic review to assess the up-to-date methods for diagnosing multiple sclerosis using kappa and lambda free light chains. Method: An organized literature search was performed across four electronic sources, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase, and MEDLINE. The sources analyzed in this systematic review and meta-analysis comprise randomized clinical trials, prospective cohort studies, retrospective studies, controlled clinical trials, and systematic reviews. Results: The review contains 116 reports that includes 1204 participants. The final selection includes a vast array of preexisting literature concerning the study topic: 35 randomized clinical trials, 21 prospective cohort studies, 19 retrospective studies, 22 controlled clinical trials, and 13 systematic reviews. Discussion: The incorporated literature sources provided integral insights into the benefits of free light chain diagnostics for multiple sclerosis. It was also evident that the use of free light chains in the diagnosis of clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and multiple sclerosis is relatively fast and inexpensive in comparison to other conventional state-of-the-art diagnostic methods, e.g., using oligoclonal bands (OCBs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Borros Arneth
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Justus Liebig University, Feulgenstr. 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Jörg Kraus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University and Salzburger Landeskliniken, Strubergasse 21, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40629 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Sorvor E, Owiredu WKBA, Okyere P, Annani-Akollor ME, Donkor S, Bannor R, Sorvor FB, Ephraim RK. Assessment of Serum Free Light Chains as a Marker of Diabetic Nephropathy; A Cross-Sectional Study in the Kumasi Metropolis. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2022; 3:881202. [PMID: 36992723 PMCID: PMC10012065 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2022.881202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AimsAlthough traditional tests such as serum urea, creatinine, and microalbuminuria have been widely employed in the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy, their sensitivity and accuracy are limited because kidney damage precedes the excretion of these biomarkers. This study investigated the role of serum free light chains in the disease manifestation of diabetic nephropathy.Materials and MethodsUsing a cross-sectional design we recruited 107 diabetes mellitus out-patients who visited the Diabetes and Renal Disease Clinics at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Manhyia District Hospital, and Suntreso Government Hospital all in Ghana from November 2019 to February 2020. Five (5) mls of blood was collected from each participant and analyzed for fasting blood glucose (FBG) urea, creatinine, immunoglobulin free light chains. Urine samples were obtained and analyzed for albumin. Anthropometric characteristics were also measured. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, Tukey HSD post hoc, and Kruskal Wallis test. Chi-squared test was used to examine if there are significant associations with the indicators of interest. In addition, Spearman’s correlation was used to test for associations between appropriate variables. Receiver operating characteristic analysis (ROC) was also performed to assess the diagnostic performance of free light chains.ResultsThe mean age of studied participants was 58.2 years (SD: ± 11.1), 63.2% were females and most of the participants were married (63.0%). The mean FBG of the studied participants was 8.0mmol/L (SD: ± 5.86), and the average duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) was 11.88 years (SD: ± 7.96). The median serum Kappa, Lambda, and Kappa: Lambda ratios for the studied participants were 18.51 (15.63-24.18), 12.19(10.84-14.48), and 1.50(1.23-1.86) respectively. A positive correlation was observed between albuminuria and; Kappa (rs=0.132; p=0.209), and Lambda (rs=0.076; p=0.469). However, a negative correlation was observed between albuminuria and K: L ratio (rs=-0.006; p=0.956).ConclusionsThe current study observed an increasing trend in the levels of free light chains and degree of diabetic nephropathy, although not statistically significant. The exploration of serum free light chains as a better marker of diabetic nephropathy showed very promising results but further studies are required to elucidate its predictive value as a diagnostic tool for diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Sorvor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Suntreso Government Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - William K. B. A. Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Perditer Okyere
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Max Efui Annani-Akollor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Sampson Donkor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Richard Bannor
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States
- UConn Center for mHealth and Social Media, Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, United States
| | | | - Richard K.D. Ephraim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- *Correspondence: Richard K.D. Ephraim,
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Korucu B, Yeter H, Gonen S, Derici MK, Ronco C, Derici U. Impact of medium cut-off membranes on S100A12 and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products. Semin Dial 2022; 36:193-200. [PMID: 35686486 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Of the most remarkable molecules associated with atherosclerosis and the cardiovascular outcome are S100A12 (10,379.5 Da) and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE-42,803 Da) in the hemodialysis (HD) population. We designed a study investigating the effects of the medium cut-off (MCO) dialyzers focusing on S100A12 and sRAGE in HD patients compared with low-flux and high-flux dialyzers. METHODS This single-site, prospective, observational study comprises age and sex-matched HD groups (low-flux, high-flux, and MCO). Blood samples were drawn at baseline (predialysis and postdialysis) and the sixth month (predialysis). RESULTS Groups had similar demographic features and laboratory parameters. Baseline S100A12 levels of the groups were similar [34.3 (±66.5), 30.9 (±42.7), and 40.6 (±29.6); p = 0.13]. Compared to their baseline, the sixth-month S100A12 levels were constant in low-flux and high-flux group and significantly lower in MCO group (p = 0.16, p = 0.33, and p = 0.004). Baseline sRAGE levels of the groups were similar at baseline [2.8 (±0.8), 2.7 (±0.6), and 2.6 (±0.7); p = 0.65], and the sixth-month [2.9 (±0.5), 2.4 (±0.7), and 2.4 (±0.8); p = 0.24]. sRAGE levels remained constant in all groups [p = 0.84, p = 0.13, and p = 0.39]. S100A12/sRAGE ratio at baseline and sixth month was constant in low-flux [22.3 (±63.7) and 18.1 (±24.8); p = 0.17] and high-flux groups [11.9 (±15.3) and 13.1 (±5.8); p = 0.26], the ratio decreased significantly in MCO group [16.5 (±11.6) to 7.8 (±5.5); p = 0.03]. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that prolonged use of MCO dialyzers is associated with better S100A12 and sRAGE levels. Long-term studies with larger samples are needed to understand the effects of a better S100A12-sRAGE profile provided by MCO dialyzers on HD patients' cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berfu Korucu
- Department of Nephrology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Yeter
- Department of Nephrology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevim Gonen
- HLA Tissue Typing Laboratory, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kursat Derici
- Department of Pharmacology, Kirikkale University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Claudio Ronco
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Kidney Transplant, International Renal Research Institute, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Ulver Derici
- Department of Nephrology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Wang Q, Jiang D, Ye Q, Zhou W, Ma J, Wang C, Geng Z, Chu M, Zheng J, Chen H, Huang J, Dai H, Zhang Y, She ZL, Fu N, Qiu X. A widely expressed free immunoglobulin κ chain with a unique Vκ4-1/Jκ3 pattern promotes colon cancer invasion and metastasis by activating the integrin β1/FAK pathway. Cancer Lett 2022; 540:215720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Proteomic Alterations in Follicular Fluid of Human Small Antral Follicles Collected from Polycystic Ovaries—A Pilot Study. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030391. [PMID: 35330141 PMCID: PMC8954146 DOI: 10.3390/life12030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovaries (PCO) contain antral follicles that arrest growing around 3–11 mm in diameter, perturbing the dominant follicle’s selection and the subsequent ovulatory process. Proteomic alterations of PCO follicular fluid (FF) (i.e., microenvironment in which the oocyte develops until ovulation) have been studied from large follicles in connection with oocyte pickup during ovarian stimulation. The present study aimed to detect proteomic alterations in FF from unstimulated human small antral follicles (hSAF) obtained from PCO. After performing deep-sequencing label-free proteomics on 10 PCO and 10 non-PCO FF samples from unstimulated hSAF (4.6–9.8 mm), 1436 proteins were identified, of which 115 were dysregulated in PCO FF samples. Pathways and processes related to the immune system, inflammation, and oxidative stress appeared to be upregulated in PCO, while extracellular matrix receptors interactions, the collagens-containing extracellular matrix, and the regulation of signaling were downregulated. The secreted proteins SFRP1, THBS4, and C1QC significantly decreased their expression in PCO FF, and this downregulation was suggested to affect future oocyte competence. In conclusion, our study revealed, for the first time, evidence of proteomic alterations occurring in the FF of PCO hSAF that may be related to the dysfunction of follicular growth and subsequent oocyte competence.
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11
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Cerro-Pardo I, Lindholt JS, Núñez E, Roldan-Montero R, Ortega-Villanueva L, Vegas-Dominguez C, Gomez-Guerrero C, Michel JB, Blanco-Colio LM, Vázquez J, Martín-Ventura JL. Combined Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains Are Novel Predictors of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2022; 63:751-758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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12
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Ojha VA, Bahl V, Ramachandra SC, Prashant A. Putrescence to Quintessence: An Atypical Presentation of Multiple Osteoporotic Spinal Fractures Masquerading as Multiple Myeloma. Cureus 2021; 13:e20788. [PMID: 35141056 PMCID: PMC8796275 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A 64-year-old male patient presented with multiple osteoporotic spinal fractures of unknown origin. He was provisionally diagnosed with multiple myeloma based on biochemical and radiological findings. The patient presented in a very frail condition with a questionable outcome but showed a remarkable recovery from being frail to relatively fit. His baseline characteristics including magnetic resonance imaging of the dorsolumbar spine, beta 2 microglobulins, and C-reactive protein improved. The diagnosis was later changed to multiple spinal osteoporotic fractures. In this case report, we highlight that, although it is a good practice to have a single working diagnosis, when the diagnosis is challenging, a holistic approach should be followed to prevent medical and diagnostic miscalculations.
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13
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Napodano C, Gulli F, Rapaccini GL, Marino M, Basile U. Cryoglobulins: Identification, classification, and novel biomarkers of mysterious proteins. Adv Clin Chem 2021; 104:299-340. [PMID: 34462057 PMCID: PMC7604189 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cryoglobulins consist of serum immunoglobulins that precipitate below 37°C and resolubilize upon warming. The clinical triad of cryoglobulinemia usually includes purpura, weakness, and arthralgia. Cryoglobulinemic syndrome, clinically defined as a systemic vasculitis, is associated with chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and autoimmune disorders and can evolve into B-cell malignancies. While the current literature about HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia is not very limited, little is known about the immunologic and serologic profiles of affected patients. Therefore, comprehension of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying cryoprecipitation could be very helpful. Due to the persistence of viral antigenic stimulation, biomarkers to use after the worsening progression of HCV infection to lymphoproliferative and/or autoimmune diseases are widely needed. Laboratory methods used to detect and characterize low concentrations of cryoprecipitates and immunotyping patterns could improve patient management. The most critical factor affecting cryoglobulin testing is that the pre-analytical phase is not fully completed at 37°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Napodano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, UOC Gastroenterologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" I.R.C.C.S., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gulli
- Laboratorio di Patologia Clinica, Ospedale Madre Giuseppina Vannini, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Ludovico Rapaccini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, UOC Gastroenterologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" I.R.C.C.S., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariapaola Marino
- Dipartimento Di Medicina E Chirurgia Traslazionale, Istituto di Patologia Generale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" I.R.C.C.S., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Basile
- Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" I.R.C.C.S., Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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14
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Chen B, Wang W, Xu W, Ying L, Zhou C, Zheng M. Serum free light chain is associated with histological activity and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107881. [PMID: 34246060 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antiviral immune response is the main cause of hepatocyte damage and inflammatory necrosis. The serum free light chain, reflecting the immune function of B-cells, is strongly associated with inflammation and disease activity. We aimed to investigate the association of serum free light chain with the progression of chronic hepatitis B. METHODS A total of 208 eligible chronic hepatitis B patients who had undergone a liver biopsy were studied. Serum free light chains of all patients were measured by turbidimetry using an immunoassay. Liver histology was assessed according to the METAVIR scoring system (which grades the stage of fibrosis on a five-point scale, F0 = no fibrosis to F4 = cirrhosis, and histological activity on a four-point scale, A0 = no activity to A3 = severe activity). The association of serum free light chains with histological activity and fibrosis progression was evaluated. RESULTS The concentration of serum free light chains in CHB patients increased gradually with histological activity and fibrosis progression. The intensity of histological activity was significantly correlated with the serum free kappa chain (r = 0.658, P < 0.001) and the serum free lambda chain (0.675, P < 0.001). The stages of fibrosis were correlated with the serum free kappa chain (r = 0.683, P < 0.001) and serum free lambda chain (0.664, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex and other synergic factors, the serum free kappa chain remained a potential risk factor, but the serum free lambda chain was no longer associated with liver cirrhosis. Similar to FIB-4 and RPR, the serum free kappa chain exhibited excellent performance in the prediction of liver cirrhosis. The AUCs of serum free Kappa chain, FIB-4 and RPR were 0.873, 0.880 and 0.895, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the AAR and APRI (0.718 and 0.746). CONCLUSION Our work revealed that serum free light chains were associated with histological activity and cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B, which could play a crucial role in the immunopathogenesis of HBV-associated cirrhosis. In addition, free kappa light chain could be a useful predictor of liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baode Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Ninghai City, Zhejiang Province 315600, China
| | - Weiyi Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Lixiong Ying
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310003, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310003, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310003, China.
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15
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Novel Biomarkers in Heart Failure: New Insight in Pathophysiology and Clinical Perspective. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132771. [PMID: 34202603 PMCID: PMC8268524 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome with a huge social burden in terms of cost, morbidity, and mortality. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) appears to be the gold standard in supporting the daily clinical management of patients with HF. Novel biomarkers may supplement BNP to improve the understanding of this complex disease process and, possibly, to personalize care for the different phenotypes, in order to ameliorate prognosis. In this review, we will examine some of the most promising novel biomarkers in HF. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the genesis and progression of HF and, therefore, several candidate molecules have been investigated in recent years for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy monitoring. Noncoding RNAs are attractive as biomarkers and their potential clinical applications may be feasible in the era of personalized medicine. Given the complex pathophysiology of HF, it is reasonable to expect that the future of biomarkers lies in the application of precision medicine, through wider testing panels and “omics” technologies, to further improve HF care delivery.
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16
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Wilf-Yarkoni A, Alkalay Y, Brenner T, Karni A. High κ free light chain is a potential biomarker for double seronegative and ocular myasthenia gravis. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2020; 7:7/5/e831. [PMID: 32665296 PMCID: PMC7371374 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the hypothesis that free light chain (FLC) sera levels could serve as a biomarker for myasthenia gravis (MG), especially for the subgroups of seronegative MG and ocular MG. METHODS Sera from 73 patients with MG (20 seronegative for antiacetylcholine receptor [AChR] and anti-muscle-specific kinase and 53 positive for anti-AChR, which were clinically divided into 24 patients with ocular type, 45 with generalized type, and 4 with unequivocal clinical manifestation) and 49 healthy controls were studied for κ FLC and λ FLC levels with the Freelite human FLC kits. RESULTS The κ but not the λ levels of FLC were significantly increased in the patients with MG, including those with double seronegative MG and ocular MG, compared with the healthy controls. The specificity for double seronegative MG and ocular MG were both 98.0% when κ FLC was ≥25.0 mg/L. Increased κ FLC levels were not affected by the patient's sex, age at MG onset, the presence of thymic pathology, or different treatments. CONCLUSIONS Elevated serum κ FLC may serve as a biomarker for MG in suspected patients who are double seronegative and in those with only ocular manifestations when serology is inconclusive. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class III evidence that high κ FLC levels distinguished patients with MG, including those who were double seronegative, from healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Wilf-Yarkoni
- From the Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit of the Neurology Division (A.W.-Y., A.K.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Clinical Immunology Laboratory (Y.A.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (T.B.), Department of Neurology, the Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (A.K.), Tel Aviv University; and Sagol School of Neuroscience (A.K.), Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yifat Alkalay
- From the Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit of the Neurology Division (A.W.-Y., A.K.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Clinical Immunology Laboratory (Y.A.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (T.B.), Department of Neurology, the Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (A.K.), Tel Aviv University; and Sagol School of Neuroscience (A.K.), Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Talma Brenner
- From the Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit of the Neurology Division (A.W.-Y., A.K.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Clinical Immunology Laboratory (Y.A.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (T.B.), Department of Neurology, the Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (A.K.), Tel Aviv University; and Sagol School of Neuroscience (A.K.), Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Arnon Karni
- From the Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Unit of the Neurology Division (A.W.-Y., A.K.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Clinical Immunology Laboratory (Y.A.), Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center; Laboratory of Neuroimmunology (T.B.), Department of Neurology, the Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem; Sackler Faculty of Medicine (A.K.), Tel Aviv University; and Sagol School of Neuroscience (A.K.), Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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17
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Esparvarinha M, Nickho H, Aghebati-Maleki L, Abdolalizadeh J, Nasiri H, Valedkarimi Z, Majidi J. Development and characterization of polyclonal antibody against human kappa light chain in rabbit. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2019; 10:207-211. [PMID: 31737229 PMCID: PMC6828161 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2018.81414.2077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polyclonal antibodies against kappa light chain are used to diagnose diseases producing free light chain. The kappa and lambda light chains are products of immunoglobulin synthesis and released into the circulation in minor amounts such as serum, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and synovial fluid in normal condition. The purpose of this study was the production and purification of polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) against human kappa light chains. In this study, early human IgG was purified by ion-exchange chromatography, reduced with Dithiothreitol and heavy and light chains were separated with size-exclusion chromatography. Afterward, affinity chromatography with protein L Sepharose at pH 2.00 was displayed to be a dominant condition for the separation and purification of the kappa light chain of immunoglobulins from human serum. Eventually, the rabbit was immunized by human kappa light chains. The rabbit IgG was purified and labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was planned to determine the titer of HRP conjugated rabbit IgG against the human kappa light chain. The optimum titer of anti-kappa IgG was 1:16000. At the result, purified polyclonal anti-kappa is useful tool in biomedical and biochemical researches and diagnostic kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Esparvarinha
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Nickho
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jalal Abdolalizadeh
- Immunology Laboratory, Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Nasiri
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Valedkarimi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Majidi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Mancini A, Brunetti A, Bruno C, Vergani E, Pocino K, Napodano C, Gulli F, Santini SA, Basile U. Plasmatic free light chains in polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2019; 35:710-713. [PMID: 30835572 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2019.1581759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as systemic disease, is accompanied by different indexes of inflammation. Free light chains of immunoglobulins (FLCs), produced by plasmacells, are released in slight excess for the immune requests, with still poorly defined physiological role but surely they represent a marker of inflammation. In order to evaluate their levels and correlate them with hyperandrogenism, we have studied a group of PCOS patients, age range 18-37 yrs, mean ± SEM body mass index (BMI) 24.1 ± 0.9 kg/m2), compared with age- and BMI-matched controls, with assay of k and λ FLCs, by turbidimetric method, and their ratio in blood plasma. PCOs exhibited higher levels vs. controls: (mean ± SEM λ: 10.0 ± 0.85 mg/L vs. 8.41 ± 0.45 mg/L; k: 12.45 ± 0.72 mg/L vs. 6.41 ± 0.34 mg/L; k/λ: 1.31 ± 0.07 vs. 0.78 ± 0.04). A significant direct correlation was observed between λ-FLCs and testosterone levels, no correlation was indeed found with HOMA-IR index. These data confirm high levels of FLCs in PCOS, suggesting systemic inflammatory state and a possible role in the pathophysiology of such complex syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mancini
- a Operative Unit of Endocrinology , Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Alessandro Brunetti
- a Operative Unit of Endocrinology , Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Carmine Bruno
- a Operative Unit of Endocrinology , Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Edoardo Vergani
- a Operative Unit of Endocrinology , Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Krizia Pocino
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Cecilia Napodano
- b Department of Internal Medicine , Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Stefano Angelo Santini
- d Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry , Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
| | - Umberto Basile
- e Area di Medicina di Laboratorio , Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore , Rome , Italy
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Nazimek K, Askenase PW, Bryniarski K. Antibody Light Chains Dictate the Specificity of Contact Hypersensitivity Effector Cell Suppression Mediated by Exosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092656. [PMID: 30205452 PMCID: PMC6163184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody light chains (LCs), formerly considered a waste product of immunoglobulin synthesis, are currently recognized as important players in the activation of the immune response. However, very little is known about the possible immune regulatory functions of LCs. Recently, we reported that hapten-specific LCs coat miRNA-150-carrying exosomes produced by CD8+ suppressor T cells downregulating the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) reaction in an antigen-specific manner, in mice tolerized by intravenous administration of a high dose of hapten-coupled syngeneic erythrocytes. Thus, the current studies aimed at investigating the role of hapten-specific LCs in antigen-specific, exosome-mediated suppression of CHS effector cells. Suppressor T cell-derived exosomes from tolerized B-cell-deficient µMT-/-, NKT-cell-deficient Jα18-/-, and immunoglobulin-deficient JH-/- mice were nonsuppressive, unless supplemented with LCs of specificity strictly respective to the hapten used for sensitization and CHS elicitation in mice. Thus, these observations demonstrate that B1-cell-derived LCs, coating exosomes in vivo and in vitro, actually ensure the specificity of CHS suppression. Our research findings substantially expand current understanding of the newly discovered, suppressor T cell-dependent tolerance mechanism by uncovering the function of antigen-specific LCs in exosome-mediated, cell⁻cell communication. This express great translational potential in designing nanocarriers for specific targeting of desired cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Nazimek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland.
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Philip W Askenase
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland.
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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20
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Basile U, Bruno C, Napodano C, Vergani E, Pocino K, Brunetti A, Gulli F, Santini SA, Mancini A. Plasmatic free light chains as inflammatory marker in insulin resistance: comparison of metabolic syndrome with adult growth hormone deficiency. Biofactors 2018; 44:480-484. [PMID: 30175865 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Biological functions of immunoglobulin-free light chains (FLCs), other than in chronic inflammatory diseases, are still poorly defined; the field of insulin resistance (IR) has not been investigated, despite the strict relationships with oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. Therefore, we evaluated FLCs levels and their relationships with metabolic parameters in adult growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), both characterized by IR. One hundred subjects were enrolled: group A, patients with GHD [n =31, 24-69 years, mean ± SEM body mass index (BMI) 26.8 ± 1.5 kg/m2 ]; group B, patients with MetS (n = 29, 21-70 years, BMI 31.9 ± 1.3); group C, controls (N = 40, 21-62 years, BMI 21.6 ± 1.1). Groups were matched by age range and, for patients, by BMI. Morning blood sample was collected for metabolic parameters and FLCs, assessed by turbidimetric assay. GHD patients show levels of FLCs significantly higher than MetS and controls (mean ± SEM κ 37.21 ± 6.97, 15.27 ± 0.86, 12.34 ± 0.85 mg/l; λ 19.44 ± 2.61, 11.78 ± 0.72 and 11.67 ± 0.77 mg/l; κ/λ ratio 1.77 ± 0.13, 1.38 ± 0.09; and 1.10 ± 0.06, respectively); only κ were higher in MetS versus controls. Therefore, the ratio showed progressive declining values in GHD versus MetS versus controls. Our data show increased FLCs levels in GHD and MetS, with the highest values in the former. Both conditions show OS, but with different molecular patterns. FLCs may contribute to chronic inflammation, leading to OS, and cardiovascular complications of GHD. Prognostic and therapeutic implications require further investigation. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(5):480-484, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Basile
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Bruno
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Napodano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vergani
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Krizia Pocino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Brunetti
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Angelo Santini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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21
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Shabgah AG, Navashenaq JG, Shabgah OG, Mohammadi H, Sahebkar A. Interleukin-22 in human inflammatory diseases and viral infections. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:1209-1218. [PMID: 29037907 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL22) is one of the members of IL10 family. Elevated levels of this cytokine can be seen in diseases caused by T lymphocytes, such as Psoriasis, Rheumatoid arthritis, interstitial lung diseases. IL22 is produced by different cells in both innate and acquired immunities. Different types of T cells are able to produce IL22, but the major IL22-producing T-cell is the TCD4. TH22 cell is a new line of TCD4 cells, which differentiated from naive T cells in the presence of TNFα and IL6; 50% of peripheral blood IL22 is produced by these cells. IL22 has important functions in host defense at mucosal surfaces as well as in tissue repair. In this review, we assess the current understanding of this cytokine and focus on the possible roles of IL-22 in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Gowhari Shabgah
- Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Blood Borne Infections Research Center, AcademicCenter for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan Branch,Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq
- Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Gohari Shabgah
- Parasitology Department, Medical sciencesfaculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- ImmunologyResearch Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- BiotechnologyResearch Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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