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Arab HH, Eid AH, Alsufyani SE, Ashour AM, Alnefaie AM, Alsharif NM, Alshehri AM, Almalawi AA, Alsowat AA, Abd El Aal HA, Hassan ESG, Elesawy WH, Elhemiely AA. Activation of AMPK/mTOR-Driven Autophagy and Suppression of the HMGB1/TLR4 Pathway with Pentoxifylline Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:681. [PMID: 38931349 PMCID: PMC11206793 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite being an effective chemotherapeutic agent, the clinical use of doxorubicin (DOX) is limited by several organ toxicities including hepatic injury. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine derivative with marked anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic features. It is unknown, however, whether PTX can mitigate DOX-evoked hepatotoxicity. This study aims to explore the potential hepatoprotective impact of PTX in DOX-induced hepatic injury and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA were used to examine liver tissues. The current findings revealed that PTX administration to DOX-intoxicated rats mitigated the pathological manifestations of hepatic injury, reduced microscopical damage scores, and improved serum ALT and AST markers, revealing restored hepatic cellular integrity. These favorable effects were attributed to PTX's ability to mitigate inflammation by reducing hepatic IL-1β and TNF-α levels and suppressing the pro-inflammatory HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB axis. Moreover, PTX curtailed the hepatic apoptotic abnormalities by suppressing caspase 3 activity and lowering the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. In tandem, PTX improved the defective autophagy events by lowering hepatic SQSTM-1/p62 accumulation and enhancing the AMPK/mTOR pathway, favoring autophagy and hepatic cell preservation. Together, for the first time, our findings demonstrate the ameliorative effect of PTX against DOX-evoked hepatotoxicity by dampening the hepatic HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pro-inflammatory axis and augmenting hepatic AMPK/mTOR-driven autophagy. Thus, PTX could be utilized as an adjunct agent with DOX regimens to mitigate DOX-induced hepatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany H. Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H. Eid
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)—Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
| | - Shuruq E. Alsufyani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, P.O. Box 13578, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Nasser M. Alsharif
- College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Hayat A. Abd El Aal
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)—Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
| | - Eman S. G. Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)—Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
| | - Wessam H. Elesawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12568, Egypt
| | - Alzahraa A. Elhemiely
- Department of Pharmacology, Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA)—Formerly NODCAR, Giza 12654, Egypt
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Mohamed DI, Abo Nahas HH, Elshaer AM, El-Waseef DAEDA, El-Kharashi OA, Mohamed SMY, Sabry YG, Almaimani RA, Almasmoum HA, Altamimi AS, Ibrahim IAA, Alshawwa SZ, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Saied EM. Unveiling the interplay between NSAID-induced dysbiosis and autoimmune liver disease in children: insights into the hidden gateway to autism spectrum disorders. Evidence from ex vivo, in vivo, and clinical studies. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1268126. [PMID: 38026692 PMCID: PMC10644687 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1268126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) represent a diverse group of neuropsychiatric conditions, and recent evidence has suggested a connection between ASD and microbial dysbiosis. Immune and gastrointestinal dysfunction are associated with dysbiosis, and there are indications that modulating the microbiota could improve ASD-related behaviors. Additionally, recent findings highlighted the significant impact of microbiota on the development of autoimmune liver diseases, and the occurrence of autoimmune liver disease in children with ASD is noteworthy. In the present study, we conducted both an in vivo study and a clinical study to explore the relationship between indomethacin-induced dysbiosis, autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and the development of ASD. Our results revealed that indomethacin administration induced intestinal dysbiosis and bacterial translocation, confirmed by microbiological analysis showing positive bacterial translocation in blood cultures. Furthermore, indomethacin administration led to disturbed intestinal permeability, evidenced by the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasomes pathway and elevation of downstream biomarkers (TLR4, IL18, caspase 1). The histological analysis supported these findings, showing widened intestinal tight junctions, decreased mucosal thickness, inflammatory cell infiltrates, and collagen deposition. Additionally, the disturbance of intestinal permeability was associated with immune activation in liver tissue and the development of AIH, as indicated by altered liver function, elevated ASMA and ANA in serum, and histological markers of autoimmune hepatitis. These results indicate that NSAID-induced intestinal dysbiosis and AIH are robust triggers for ASD existence. These findings were further confirmed by conducting a clinical study that involved children with ASD, autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), and a history of NSAID intake. Children exposed to NSAIDs in early life and complicated by dysbiosis and AIH exhibited elevated serum levels of NLRP3, IL18, liver enzymes, ASMA, ANA, JAK1, and IL6. Further, the correlation analysis demonstrated a positive relationship between the measured parameters and the severity of ASD. Our findings suggest a potential link between NSAIDs, dysbiosis-induced AIH, and the development of ASD. The identified markers hold promise as indicators for early diagnosis and prognosis of ASD. This research highlights the importance of maintaining healthy gut microbiota and supports the necessity for further investigation into the role of dysbiosis and AIH in the etiology of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa I. Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa M. Elshaer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Omnyah A. El-Kharashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soha M. Y. Mohamed
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmine Gamal Sabry
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riyad A. Almaimani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain A. Almasmoum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Z. Alshawwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Advanced Nanofabrication Imaging and Characterization Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Core Labs, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essa M. Saied
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Institute for Chemistry, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Liu L, Liang Z, Ma S, Li L, Liu X. Radioprotective countermeasures for radiation injury (Review). Mol Med Rep 2023; 27:66. [PMID: 36799170 PMCID: PMC9926870 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of physiological and pathological changes occur after radiotherapy and accidental exposure to ionizing radiation (IR). These changes cause serious damage to human tissues and can lead to death. Radioprotective countermeasures are radioprotective agents that prevent and reduce IR injury or have therapeutic effects. Based on a good understanding of radiobiology, a number of protective agents have achieved positive results in early clinical trials. The present review grouped known radioprotective agents according to biochemical categories and potential clinical use, and reviewed radiation countermeasures, i.e., radioprotectors, radiation mitigators and radiotherapeutic agents, with an emphasis on their current status and research progress. The aim of the present review is to facilitate the selection and application of suitable radioprotectors for clinicians and researchers, to prevent or reduce IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianchang Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130021, P.R. China,School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Department of Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Liang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, P.R. China
| | - Shumei Ma
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,South Zhejiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Lan Li
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,South Zhejiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Lan Li, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, 1 North Zhongxin Road, Chashan, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, Jilin, Changchun 130021, P.R. China,School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,South Zhejiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China,Professor Xiaodong Liu, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Radiobiology, School of Public Health of Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Xu D, Zhao W, Feng Y, Wen X, Liu H, Ping J. Pentoxifylline attenuates nonalcoholic fatty liver by inhibiting hepatic macrophage polarization to the M1 phenotype. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 106:154368. [PMID: 35994850 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), recognized as one of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases, is increasingly prevalent worldwide. Pentoxifylline, a derivative of theobromine extracted from Theobroma cacao and tea, has been studied for effects on blood viscosity, tissue oxygenation and inflammation. However, its effects on hepatic lipid accumulation and the potential mechanisms remain unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of pentoxifylline on high-fat diet-induced NAFL and to explore the corresponding molecular mechanisms. METHODS NAFL mice were injected with or without 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg pentoxifylline for 2 weeks. Hepatic steatosis was observed by haematoxylin-eosin staining and Oil Red O staining, the levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride were detected by biochemical kits, and insulin resistance was evaluated by glucose and insulin tolerance tests. In addition, we measured the frequencies of macrophage and its polarization subsets in the liver using flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The expressions of proteins associated with macrophage polarization signaling pathways were assessed by Western blotting and flow cytometry histograms. Molecular docking and cellular thermal shift assay were conducted to identify and verify the target protein of pentoxifylline in macrophage. RESULTS Pentoxifylline significantly alleviated hepatic lipid accumulation, reduced blood lipid levels and improved insulin resistance. Strikingly, the excessive M1 macrophages in NAFL development was abolished by pentoxifylline. And pentoxifylline was further evidenced it failed to reduce hepatocyte lipid accumulation in the absence of macrophages in vitro. Mechanistically, pentoxifylline competed with LPS for binding to toll-like receptor 4, dramatically inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Pentoxifylline attenuated NAFL by inhibiting hepatic macrophage M1 polarization, indicating that pentoxifylline could be a therapeutic candidate for NAFL. This study first observed that M1 macrophages were increased in NAFL mice and then revealed the molecule targeted by pentoxifylline. In addition, we provided evidence that macrophage targeting may be an emerging strategy for NAFL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, , China
| | - Wenhao Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, , China
| | - Yiting Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, , China
| | - Xiao Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, , China
| | - Hanxiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, , China
| | - Jie Ping
- Department of Pharmacology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, 185 East Lake Road, Wuhan, 430071, , China.
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Wang S, Xu J, Wang C, Li J, Wang Q, Kuang H, Yang B, Chen R, Luo Z. Paeoniae radix alba polysaccharides obtained via optimized extraction treat experimental autoimmune hepatitis effectively. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:1554-1564. [PMID: 32735927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The extraction process of Paeoniae radix alba polysaccharides (PRAP) was optimized as the liquid-solid ratio of 10.65 mL/g, the extraction time of 2.10 h, and the 2 extraction repetitions through a response surface methodology. The chemical profiles of the obtained PRAP were characterized by measuring the contents of total carbohydrates, total phenolics, uronic acid and protein, and by analyzing the FT-IR spectrum and monosaccharide composition. To determine the therapeutic effects of PRAP on experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH), we established an EAH mice model. After treated with PRAP, liver and spleen injuries were reduced, and hepatocyte regeneration and liver function were improved. Further study of the mechanism by which PRAP treats EAH showed that PRAP significantly inhibited oxidative stress in the livers of EAH model mice. More importantly, PRAP inhibited immune inflammatory reactions in EAH model mice, including the hepatic infiltration of inflammatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as overexpression of inflammatory cytokines IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10, via inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Wang
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiazhi Xu
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Changfu Wang
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jianchun Li
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Road, XiangFang District, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bingyou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, No. 24 Heping Road, XiangFang District, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Rongying Chen
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhongwen Luo
- College of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 280 Outside Loop East Road of Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Guo WL, Pan YY, Li L, Li TT, Liu B, Lv XC. Ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum ameliorates lipid metabolic disorders and modulates the gut microbiota composition in high-fat diet fed rats. Food Funct 2018; 9:3419-3431. [PMID: 29877551 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00836a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (GL95) on hyperlipidaemia and gut microbiota, and its regulation mechanism in Wistar rats fed on a high-fat diet (HFD). UPLC-QTOF MS indicated that GL95 was enriched with triterpenoids, especially ganoderic acids. The results of the animal experiment showed that oral administration of GL95 markedly alleviated the dyslipidemia through decreasing the levels of serum total triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and inhibiting hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis. Furthermore, GL95 supplementation altered the composition of gut microbiota, in particular modulating the relative abundance of functionally relevant enterotypes compared with the HFD group. The Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that Alistipes, Defluviitalea, Peptococcaceae and Alloprevotella were negatively correlated with serum and hepatic lipid profiles. Meanwhile, the GL95 treatment regulated the mRNA expression levels of the genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism. The findings above illustrate that Ganoderma triterpenoids have the potential to ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders, in part through modulating specific gut microbiota and regulating the genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism, suggesting Ganoderma triterpenoids as a potential novel functional food for the treatment or prevention of hyperlipidaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ling Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China.
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