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Chen Y, Li H, Cai Y, Wang K, Wang Y. Anti-hyperuricemia bioactive peptides: a review on obtaining, activity, and mechanism of action. Food Funct 2024; 15:5714-5736. [PMID: 38752330 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00760c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia, a disorder of uric acid metabolism, serves as a significant risk factor for conditions such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and various metabolic syndromes. The main contributors to hyperuricemia include overproduction of uric acid in the liver or impaired excretion in the kidneys. Despite traditional clinical drugs being employed for its treatment, significant health concerns persist. Recently, there has been growing interest in utilizing protein peptides sourced from diverse food origins to mitigate hyperuricemia. This article provides a comprehensive review of bioactive peptides with anti-hyperuricemia properties derived from animals, plants, and their products. We specifically outline the methods for preparing these peptides from food proteins and elucidate their efficacy and mechanisms in combating hyperuricemia, supported by in vitro and in vivo evidence. Uric acid-lowering peptides offer promising prospects due to their safer profile, enhanced efficacy, and improved bioavailability. Therefore, this review underscores significant advancements and contributions in identifying peptides capable of metabolizing purine and/or uric acid, thereby alleviating hyperuricemia. Moreover, it offers a theoretical foundation for the development of functional foods incorporating uric acid-lowering peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Modern Fermentation Engineering and Future Foods, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Rizhao Huawei Institute of Comprehensive Health Industries, Shandong Keepfit Biotech. Co. Ltd., Rizhao, 276800, China
| | - Yousheng Wang
- Institute of Modern Fermentation Engineering and Future Foods, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Li M, Zhong A, Tang Y, Yu J, Wu M, Selvam KKM, Sun D. Effect of sacubitril/valsartan on lipid metabolism in patients with chronic kidney disease combined with chronic heart failure: a retrospective study. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:63. [PMID: 38419057 PMCID: PMC10900560 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Dyslipidemia is significantly more common in those with concurrent chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic heart failure (CHF). Sacubitril/valsartan has showcased its influence on both cardiac and renal functions, extending its influence to the modulation of lipid metabolism pathways. This study aimed to examine how sacubitril/valsartan affects lipid metabolism within the context of CKD and CHF. METHODS This study adopted a retrospective design, focusing on a single center and involving participants who were subjected to treatment with sacubitril/valsartan and valsartan. The investigation assessed the treatment duration, with a particular emphasis on recording blood lipid indicators, including triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A (ApoA), and apolipoprotein B (ApoB). Furthermore, cardiac and renal functions, blood pressure, potassium levels, and other factors influencing the blood lipids were analyzed in both groups at identical time points. RESULTS After 16 weeks of observation, the sacubitril/valsartan group exhibited lower TG levels compared to the valsartan group. Noteworthy was the fact that individuals undergoing sacubitril/valsartan treatment experienced an average reduction of 0.84 mmol/L in TG levels, in stark contrast to the valsartan group, which registered a decline of 0.27 mmol/L (P < 0.001). The sacubitril/valsartan group exhibited elevated levels of HDL-C and ApoA in comparison to the valsartan group (PHDL-C = 0.023, PApoA = 0.030). While TC, LDL-C, and ApoB decreased compared to baseline, the differences between groups were not statistical significance. Regarding cardiac indicators, there was an observed enhancement in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) within the sacubitril/valsartan group when compared to the baseline, and it was noticeably higher than that of the valsartan group. Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis revealed that medication, body mass index(BMI), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) had a direct influencing effect on TG levels. CONCLUSION Sacubitril/valsartan demonstrated improvements in lipid metabolism and cardiac indicators in patients with CKD and CHF. Specifically, it presented promising benefits in reducing TG levels. In addition, both BMI and HbA1c emerged as influential factors contributing to alterations in TG levels, independent of the administration of sacubitril/valsartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzhi Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ao Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinnuo Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengmeng Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Karthick Kumaran Munisamy Selvam
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diagnostic, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China.
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Nikolic M, Jeremic N, Lazarevic N, Stojanovic A, Milojevic Samanovic A, Novakovic J, Zivkovic V, Nikolic M, Nedeljkovic N, Mitrovic S, Jakovljevic V. Sacubitril/valsartan promotes white adipose tissue browning in rats with metabolic syndrome through activation of mTORC1. Biofactors 2024. [PMID: 38284316 DOI: 10.1002/biof.2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In addition to their usual use in the treatment of cardiovascular disease, weak evidence is available for the potential of combined use of neprilysin inhibitor (sacubitril) and AT1 receptor antagonist (valsartan) to promote browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) in rats with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study involved 32 male Wistar albino rats divided into four groups: CTRL-healthy control rats; ENT-healthy rats treated with sacubitril/valsartan; MS-rats with MetS; MS + ENT-rats with MetS treated with sacubitril/valsartan. After finishing the experimental protocol, different WAT depots were isolated for further analysis of molecular pathways. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies were used for in silico assessment of the binding affinity of sacubitril and valsartan towards subunits of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Sacubitril/valsartan treatment markedly diminished morphological changes in adipose tissue, resulting in smaller lipid size and multilocular lipid droplet structure in WAT. We showed significantly higher protein expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and mTORC1 in WAT of MS + ENT rats, correlating with increased relative gene expression of browning-related markers in tissue of rats treated with sacubitril/valsartan compared with MS group of rats. In silico analysis showed that sacubitrilat and valsartan exhibited the highest binding affinity against mTOR and mLST8, forming stable complexes with these mTORC1 subunits. The observed results confirmed strong potential of combined sacubitril/valsartan treatment to increase browning markers expression in different WAT depots in MetS condition and to form permanent complexes with mTOR and mLST8 subunits over the time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Nikolic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nevena Jeremic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Nevena Lazarevic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Stojanovic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Andjela Milojevic Samanovic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Novakovic
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Milos Nikolic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nikola Nedeljkovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Slobodanka Mitrovic
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Jakovljevic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Center of Excellence for Redox Balance Research in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Human Pathology, 1st Moscow State Medical, University IM Sechenov, Moscow, Russia
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Sánchez-Aguilar M, Ibarra-Lara L, Cano-Martínez A, Soria-Castro E, Castrejón-Téllez V, Pavón N, Osorio-Yáñez C, Díaz-Díaz E, Rubio-Ruíz ME. PPAR Alpha Activation by Clofibrate Alleviates Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Metabolic Syndrome Rats by Decreasing Cardiac Inflammation and Remodeling and by Regulating the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Compensatory Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065321. [PMID: 36982395 PMCID: PMC10049157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of factors that increase the risk of developing diabetes, stroke, and heart failure. The pathophysiology of injury by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is highly complex and the inflammatory condition plays an important role by increasing matrix remodeling and cardiac apoptosis. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are cardiac hormones with numerous beneficial effects mainly mediated by a cell surface receptor named atrial natriuretic peptide receptor (ANPr). Although NPs are powerful clinical markers of cardiac failure, their role in I/R is still controversial. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonists exert cardiovascular therapeutic actions; however, their effect on the NPs’ signaling pathway has not been extensively studied. Our study provides important insight into the regulation of both ANP and ANPr in the hearts of MetS rats and their association with the inflammatory conditions caused by damage from I/R. Moreover, we show that pre-treatment with clofibrate was able to decrease the inflammatory response that, in turn, decreases myocardial fibrosis, the expression of metalloprotease 2 and apoptosis. Treatment with clofibrate is also associated with a decrease in ANP and ANPr expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sánchez-Aguilar
- Department of Pharmacology, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.S.-A.); (L.I.-L.); (N.P.)
| | - Luz Ibarra-Lara
- Department of Pharmacology, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.S.-A.); (L.I.-L.); (N.P.)
| | - Agustina Cano-Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (V.C.-T.)
| | - Elizabeth Soria-Castro
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Vicente Castrejón-Téllez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (V.C.-T.)
| | - Natalia Pavón
- Department of Pharmacology, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.S.-A.); (L.I.-L.); (N.P.)
| | - Citlalli Osorio-Yáñez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Cardiovascular y Transplante Renal, Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INCICH, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Eulises Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y de la Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14000, Mexico;
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruíz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (V.C.-T.)
- Correspondence:
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Natriuretic Peptides—New Targets for Neurocontrol of Blood Pressure via Baroreflex Afferent Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113619. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Natriuretic peptides (NPs) induce vasodilation, natriuresis, and diuresis, counteract the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and autonomic nervous system, and are key regulators of cardiovascular volume and pressure homeostasis. Baroreflex afferent pathway is an important reflex loop in the neuroregulation of blood pressure (BP), including nodose ganglion (NG) and nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). Dysfunction of baroreflex would lead to various hypertensions. Here, we carried out functional experiments to explore the effects of NPs on baroreflex afferent function. Under physiological and hypertensive condition (high-fructose drinking-induced hypertension, HFD), BP was reduced by NPs through NG microinjection and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was enhanced via acute intravenous NPs injection. These anti-hypertensive effects were more obvious in female rats with the higher expression of NPs and its receptor A/B (NPRA/NPRB) and lower expression of its receptor C (NPRC). However, these effects were not as obvious as those in HFD rats compared with the same gender control group, which is likely to be explained by the abnormal expression of NPs and NPRs in the hypertensive condition. Our data provide additional evidence showing that NPs play a crucial role in neurocontrol of BP regulation via baroreflex afferent function and may be potential targets for clinical management of metabolic-related hypertension.
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Pleiotropic Roles of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide in Anti-Inflammation and Anti-Cancer Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163981. [PMID: 36010974 PMCID: PMC9406604 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The relationship between inflammation and carcinogenesis, as well as the response to anti-tumor therapy, is intimate. Atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs) play a pivotal role in the homeostatic control of blood pressure, electrolytes, and water balance. In addition, ANPs exert immune-modulatory effects in the tissue microenvironment, thus exhibiting a fascinating ability to prevent inflammation-related tumorigenesis and cancer recurrence. In cancers, ANPs show anti-proliferative effects through several molecular pathways. Furthermore, ANPs attenuate the side effects of cancer therapy. Therefore, ANPs have potential therapeutic value in tumors. Here, we summarized the roles of ANPs in diverse aspects of the immune system and the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer effects of ANPs, contributing to the development of ANP-based anti-cancer agents. Abstract The atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a cardiovascular hormone, plays a pivotal role in the homeostatic control of blood pressure, electrolytes, and water balance and is approved to treat congestive heart failure. In addition, there is a growing realization that ANPs might be related to immune response and tumor growth. The anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects of ANPs in the tissue microenvironment are mediated through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms, which further suppress tumorigenesis. In cancers, ANPs show anti-proliferative effects through several molecular pathways. Furthermore, ANPs attenuate the side effects of cancer therapy. Therefore, ANPs act on several hallmarks of cancer, such as inflammation, angiogenesis, sustained tumor growth, and metastasis. In this review, we summarized the contributions of ANPs in diverse aspects of the immune system and the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer effects of ANPs.
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Peng H, Fan Y, Li J, Zheng X, Zhong C, Zhu Z, He Y, Zhang M, Zhang Y. DNA Methylation of the Natriuretic Peptide System Genes and Ischemic Stroke: Gene-Based and Gene Set Analyses. Neurol Genet 2022; 8:e679. [PMID: 35620136 PMCID: PMC9128040 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives The natriuretic peptide (NP) system has been considered an important regulator for ischemic stroke (IS) with a limited clinical implication. A better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is urgent. Here, we aimed to examine the role of DNA methylation of NP system genes in IS. Methods DNA methylation at promoter regions of 4 core NP system genes, e.g., CORIN, FURIN, NPPA, and NPPB, was measured by targeted bisulfite sequencing in 853 patients with IS and 918 controls. We first examined the association between DNA methylation at each single CpG and IS, followed by gene-based and gene set analyses to examine the joint associations of DNA methylation at multiple CpGs in a gene or all 4 genes as a pathway with IS. Results After control of covariates and multiple testing, DNA methylation at 19 of the 36 assayed CpGs was individually associated with IS at q < 0.05. Higher average methylation levels at the targeted regions of CORIN (odds ratio [OR] = 0.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56–0.73), FURIN (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.69–0.88), and NPPA (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.69–0.88) were associated with a lower odds of IS (all q < 0.05). The truncated product method revealed the same gene-based associations (all q < 0.05) and found that DNA methylation at all 4 NP system genes together was jointly associated with IS (p = 0.0001). Discussion DNA methylation at NP system genes was downregulated in patients with IS. Our results may unravel a molecular mechanism underlying the regulating effect of the NP system on IS and highlight the relevance of testing the joint effect of multiple CpGs in the epigenetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology (H.P., J.L., X.Z., C.Z., Z.Z., Y.H., M.Z., Y.Z.), School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (H.P.); and Medical College of Soochow University (Y.F.), Suzhou, China
| | - Yiming Fan
- Department of Epidemiology (H.P., J.L., X.Z., C.Z., Z.Z., Y.H., M.Z., Y.Z.), School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (H.P.); and Medical College of Soochow University (Y.F.), Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Epidemiology (H.P., J.L., X.Z., C.Z., Z.Z., Y.H., M.Z., Y.Z.), School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (H.P.); and Medical College of Soochow University (Y.F.), Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology (H.P., J.L., X.Z., C.Z., Z.Z., Y.H., M.Z., Y.Z.), School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (H.P.); and Medical College of Soochow University (Y.F.), Suzhou, China
| | - Chongke Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology (H.P., J.L., X.Z., C.Z., Z.Z., Y.H., M.Z., Y.Z.), School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (H.P.); and Medical College of Soochow University (Y.F.), Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengbao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology (H.P., J.L., X.Z., C.Z., Z.Z., Y.H., M.Z., Y.Z.), School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (H.P.); and Medical College of Soochow University (Y.F.), Suzhou, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Epidemiology (H.P., J.L., X.Z., C.Z., Z.Z., Y.H., M.Z., Y.Z.), School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (H.P.); and Medical College of Soochow University (Y.F.), Suzhou, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology (H.P., J.L., X.Z., C.Z., Z.Z., Y.H., M.Z., Y.Z.), School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (H.P.); and Medical College of Soochow University (Y.F.), Suzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology (H.P., J.L., X.Z., C.Z., Z.Z., Y.H., M.Z., Y.Z.), School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases (H.P.); and Medical College of Soochow University (Y.F.), Suzhou, China
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Molecular Mechanism of Induction of Bone Growth by the C-Type Natriuretic Peptide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115916. [PMID: 35682595 PMCID: PMC9180634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal development process in the body occurs through sequential cellular and molecular processes called endochondral ossification. Endochondral ossification occurs in the growth plate where chondrocytes differentiate from resting, proliferative, hypertrophic to calcified zones. Natriuretic peptides (NPTs) are peptide hormones with multiple functions, including regulation of blood pressure, water-mineral balance, and many metabolic processes. NPTs secreted from the heart activate different tissues and organs, working in a paracrine or autocrine manner. One of the natriuretic peptides, C-type natriuretic peptide-, induces bone growth through several mechanisms. This review will summarize the knowledge, including the newest discoveries, of the mechanism of CNP activation in bone growth.
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Malachias MVB, Wijkman MO, Bertoluci MC. NT-proBNP as a predictor of death and cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:64. [PMID: 35501909 PMCID: PMC9063067 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00837-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Existing risk prediction scores based on clinical and laboratory variables have been considered inaccurate in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Circulating concentrations of natriuretic peptides have been used to aid in the diagnosis and to predict outcomes in heart failure. However, there is a growing body of evidence for the use of natriuretic peptides measurements, mainly N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), as a tool in risk stratification for individuals with T2DM. Studies have demonstrated the ability of NT-proBNP to improve outcomes prediction when incorporated into multivariate models. More recently, evidence has emerged of the discriminatory power of NT-proBNP, demonstrating, as a single variable, a similar and even superior ability to multivariate risk models for the prediction of death and cardiovascular events in individuals with T2DM. Natriuretic peptides are synthesized and released from the myocardium as a counter-regulatory response to increased cardiac wall stress, sympathetic tone, and vasoconstriction, acting on various systems and affecting different biological processes. In this article, we present a review of the accumulated knowledge about these biomarkers, underscoring the strength of the evidence of their predictive ability for fatal and non-fatal outcomes. It is likely that, by influencing the functioning of many organs, these biomarkers integrate information from different systems. Although not yet recommended by guidelines, measurement of natriuretic peptides, and particularly NT-proBNP, should be strongly considered in the risk stratification of individuals with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinicius Bolivar Malachias
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais, Fundação Educacional Lucas Machado, Alameda Ezequiel Dias, 275, Centro, Belo Horizonte, MG 30130-110 Brazil
| | - Magnus Olof Wijkman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Marcello Casaccia Bertoluci
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
- Endocrinology Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
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Kravchychyn ACP, Campos RMDS, Ferreira YAM, Vicente SEDCF, Corgosinho FC, Oyama LM, Boldarine VT, Tock L, Thivel D, Dâmaso AR. O Papel dos Níveis Séricos de ANP na Perda de Peso, Risco Cardiometabólico e Composição Corporal de Adolescentes com Obesidade Submetidos a Terapia Interdisciplinar. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 118:33-40. [PMID: 35195206 PMCID: PMC8959045 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20200735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Pharmacokinetics and Exposure-Response of Vosoritide in Children with Achondroplasia. Clin Pharmacokinet 2021; 61:263-280. [PMID: 34431071 PMCID: PMC8813707 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-021-01059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Vosoritide, an analog of C-type natriuretic peptide, has been developed for the treatment of children with achondroplasia. The pharmacokinetics of vosoritide and relationships between plasma exposure and efficacy, biomarkers, and safety endpoints were evaluated in a phase II, open-label, dose-escalation study (N = 35 patients aged 5-14 years who received daily subcutaneous injections for 24 months) and a phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (N = 60 patients aged 5-18 years randomized to receive daily subcutaneous injections for 52 weeks). METHODS Pharmacokinetic parameters for both studies were obtained from non-compartmental analysis. Potential correlations between vosoritide exposure and changes in annualized growth velocity, collagen type X marker (CXM; a biomarker of endochondral ossification), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP; a biomarker of pharmacological activity), heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were then evaluated. RESULTS The exposure-response relationships for changes in both annualized growth velocity and the CXM biomarker saturated at 15 μg/kg, while systemic pharmacological activity, as measured by urinary cGMP, was near maximal or saturated at exposures obtained at the highest dose studied (i.e. 30 μg/kg). This suggested that the additional bioactivity was likely in tissues not related to endochondral bone formation. In the phase III study, following subcutaneous administration at the recommended dose of 15 μg/kg to patients with achondroplasia aged 5-18 years, vosoritide was rapidly absorbed with a median time to maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) of 15 minutes, and cleared with a mean half-life of 27.9 minutes after 52 weeks of treatment. Vosoritide exposure (Cmax and area under the concentration-time curve [AUC]) was consistent across visits. No evidence of accumulation with once-daily dosing was observed. Total anti-vosoritide antibody (TAb) responses were detected in the serum of 25 of 60 (42%) treated patients in the phase III study, with no apparent impact of TAb development noted on annualized growth velocity or vosoritide exposure. Across the exposure range obtained with 15 µg/kg in the phase III study, no meaningful correlations between vosoritide plasma exposure and changes in annualized growth velocity or CXM, or changes from predose heart rate, and systolic or diastolic blood pressures were observed. CONCLUSIONS The results support the recommended dose of vosoritide 15 µg/kg for once-daily subcutaneous administration in patients with achondroplasia aged ≥ 5 years whose epiphyses are not closed. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02055157, NCT03197766, and NCT01603095.
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da Silva MS, Lazo M, Daya NR, Tang O, Schaan BD, Ballantyne CM, Ndumele C, Selvin E. Six-year changes in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and changes in weight and risk of obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1215-1222. [PMID: 34159759 PMCID: PMC8231730 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to study the prospective association between N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and changes in weight and obesity risk in a community-based population. METHODS Data from 9,681 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study were analyzed at two time points 6 years apart. Among people without obesity at baseline, multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between baseline levels of NT-proBNP and incident obesity. A multivariable linear regression model was used to examine the association between changes in NT-proBNP (visit 2 serum and visit 4 plasma samples) and changes in weight. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity increased from 28% to 35% in the 6-year follow-up period. Compared with individuals in the highest NT-proBNP quartile, those in the lowest were more likely to have obesity at baseline (odds ratio 1.25; 95% CI: 1.08-1.45) and, among people who did not have obesity at baseline, were more likely to develop obesity at follow-up (odds ratio 1.35; 95% CI: 1.07-1.69). Changes in NT-proBNP were inversely associated with weight change. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective study, lower levels of NT-proBNP were associated with higher risk of obesity, and changes in NT-proBNP were inversely associated with changes in weight. This suggests that natriuretic peptides or their pathways may be potential targets in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Sbaraini da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natalie R. Daya
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olive Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Beatriz D. Schaan
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Christie M. Ballantyne
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, and Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chiadi Ndumele
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Grześk G, Nowaczyk A. Current Modulation of Guanylate Cyclase Pathway Activity-Mechanism and Clinical Implications. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113418. [PMID: 34200064 PMCID: PMC8200204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For years, guanylate cyclase seemed to be homogenic and tissue nonspecific enzyme; however, in the last few years, in light of preclinical and clinical trials, it became an interesting target for pharmacological intervention. There are several possible options leading to an increase in cyclic guanosine monophosphate concentrations. The first one is related to the uses of analogues of natriuretic peptides. The second is related to increasing levels of natriuretic peptides by the inhibition of degradation. The third leads to an increase in cyclic guanosine monophosphate concentration by the inhibition of its degradation by the inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 5. The last option involves increasing the concentration of cyclic guanosine monophosphate by the additional direct activation of soluble guanylate cyclase. Treatment based on the modulation of guanylate cyclase function is one of the most promising technologies in pharmacology. Pharmacological intervention is stable, effective and safe. Especially interesting is the role of stimulators and activators of soluble guanylate cyclase, which are able to increase the enzymatic activity to generate cyclic guanosine monophosphate independently of nitric oxide. Moreover, most of these agents are effective in chronic treatment in heart failure patients and pulmonary hypertension, and have potential to be a first line option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Grześk
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 75 Ujejskiego St., 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Alicja Nowaczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 2 dr. A. Jurasza St., 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-52-585-3904
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Natriuretic peptide receptor-C releases and activates guanine nucleotide-exchange factor H1 in a ligand-dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 552:9-16. [PMID: 33740666 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although natriuretic peptide receptor-C (NPR-C) is involved in the clearance of natriuretic peptides from plasma, it also possesses other physiological functions, such as inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity through Gαi. However, the physiological roles and intracellular signaling pathways of NPR-C have yet been not fully elucidated. In this study, we identified a RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide-exchange factor, GEF-H1, as a novel binding protein of NPR-C. We demonstrated that endogenous NPR-C interacted with GEF-H1 in HeLa cells, and that the interaction between NPR-C and GEF-H1 was dependent on a 37-amino acid cytoplasmic region of NPR-C. In contrast, another natriuretic peptide receptor, NPR-A, which includes the kinase homology and guanylyl cyclase domains in the intracellular region, did not interact with GEF-H1. We also revealed that the ligands of NPR-C (i.e., ANP, CNP, and osteocrin) caused dissociation of GEF-H1 from NPR-C. Furthermore, osteocrin treatment induced phosphorylation of GEF-H1 at Ser-886, enhanced the interaction of GEF-H1 with 14-3-3, and increased the amount of activated GEF-H1. These findings strongly supported that NPR-C may be involved in diverse physiological roles by regulating GEF-H1 signaling.
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Dong Y, Zou Z, Wang H, Dong B, Hu P, Ma Y, Song Y, Ma J. National School-Based Health Lifestyles Intervention in Chinese Children and Adolescents on Obesity and Hypertension. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:615283. [PMID: 34123956 PMCID: PMC8192970 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.615283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the national school-based intervention on both obesity and high blood pressure in Chinese children and adolescents aged 6-18 years. Methods: The national school-based cluster non-randomized controlled trial was done in seven provinces from September 2013 to February 2014. A total of 23,175 children and adolescents in the control group and 25,702 in the intervention group were included in this trial with a mean follow-up of 6.7 ± 0.9 months. Mixed-effects regression models were used to evaluate the effect of the interventions on body weight and blood pressure (BP). Results: A significant upward in the body mass index (BMI) levels but downward in systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), BMI Z-scores, SBP Z-scores, and DBP Z-scores were witnessed in the intervention group compared to those in the control group (<0.001). Subgroup analyses presented significant intervention effects in children aged 6-12 years for BMI, SBP, DBP, and their standardized values Z-scores, but no effective results were found in adolescents aged 13-18 years. Stratification analyses based on the dynamic weight changes presented non-differential HBP, SHBP, and DHBP prevalence gaps between the control and intervention groups. Children aged 6-12 years with higher BMI percentiles at baseline presented obvious declines in SBP and DBP standardized values Z-scores. Conclusion: A mean 6-month multi-centered school-based comprehensive obesity intervention in China yields a small to null effect on obesity and hypertension with increasing age; the early age before 12 years may be the key period for interventions, and the younger, the better. Precise and high-intensity interventions targeting the population at different stages of childhood and adolescence are urgently needed to be developed. Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT02343588.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Dong
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zou
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Peijin Hu
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghua Ma
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Song
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Guo Q, Zhang Q, He Y, Shi J, Li H, Peng H. Gender difference of association between plasma N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide and metabolic syndrome. Hormones (Athens) 2020; 19:541-548. [PMID: 32617886 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-020-00222-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The natriuretic peptides (NPs) system, and mainly atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), plays a key role in human metabolism and cardiometabolic disorders. Due to differences in NP levels and in prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) between men and women, we aimed to explore the gender difference of association between N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (NT-proANP) and MetS in a general population in China. METHODS Participants' weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, plasma NT-proANP, and other traditional biomarkers were measured. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the association between plasma NT-proANP and MetS, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for men and women, respectively. RESULTS Among 2203 participants, 1361 (61.78%) were women, 687(30.77%) participants had MetS, and the average age was 53 years. Women had a higher level of NT-proANP than men. However, adjusted logistic regression demonstrated that men in the upper quartile group of NT-proANP had 0.60 (95% CI 0.39-0.92) times the risk of having MetS, while women in the upper quartile group had 1.10 (95% CI 0.77-1.56) times the risk of having MetS compared to the lower quartile group. Furthermore, with the increase of the level of NT-proANP, the ORs showed a declining trend in men (P = 0.017), but it was not statistically significant among women (P = 0.700). CONCLUSIONS There are gender differences in the relationship between NT-proANP and MetS, while an inverse association between plasma NT-proANP and MetS in men suggests that higher levels of NT-proANP may be a protective factor for MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlan Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Gusu District, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jijun Shi
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Rubattu S, Stanzione R, Cotugno M, Bianchi F, Marchitti S, Forte M. Epigenetic control of natriuretic peptides: implications for health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:5121-5130. [PMID: 32556416 PMCID: PMC11105024 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The natriuretic peptides (NPs) family, including a class of hormones and their receptors, is largely known for its beneficial effects within the cardiovascular system to preserve regular functions and health. The concentration level of each component of the family is of crucial importance to guarantee a proper control of both systemic and local cardiovascular functions. A fine equilibrium between gene expression, protein secretion and clearance is needed to achieve the final optimal level of NPs. To this aim, the regulation of gene expression and translation plays a key role. In this regard, we know the existence of fine regulatory mechanisms, the so-called epigenetic mechanisms, which target many genes at either the promoter or the 3'UTR region to inhibit or activate their expression. The gene encoding ANP (NPPA) is regulated by histone modifications, DNA methylation, distinct microRNAs and a natural antisense transcript (NPPA-AS1) with consequent implications for both health and disease conditions. Notably, ANP modulates microRNAs on its own. Histone modifications of BNP gene (NPPB) are associated with several cardiomyopathies. The proBNP processing is regulated by miR30-GALNT1/2 axis. Among other components of the NPs family, CORIN, NPRA, NPRC and NEP may undergo epigenetic regulation. A better understanding of the epigenetic control of the NPs family will allow to gain more insights on the pathological basis of common cardiovascular diseases and to identify novel therapeutic targets. The present review article aims to discuss the major achievements obtained so far with studies on the epigenetic modulation of the NPs family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Speranza Rubattu
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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18
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miR-146a regulates insulin sensitivity via NPR3. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:2987-3003. [PMID: 33206203 PMCID: PMC8004521 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic diseases has been linked to the inflammation of white adipose tissue (WAT), but the molecular interconnections are still not fully understood. MiR-146a controls inflammatory processes by suppressing pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to characterize the role of miR-146a in obesity and insulin resistance. MiR-146a-/- mice were subjected to a high-fat diet followed by metabolic tests and WAT transcriptomics. Gain- and loss-of-function studies were performed using human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) adipocytes. Compared to controls, miR-146a-/- mice gained significantly more body weight on a high-fat diet with increased fat mass and adipocyte hypertrophy. This was accompanied by exacerbated liver steatosis, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. Likewise, adipocytes transfected with an inhibitor of miR-146a displayed a decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, while transfecting miR-146a mimics caused the opposite effect. Natriuretic peptide receptor 3 (NPR3) was identified as a direct target gene of miR-146a in adipocytes and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of NPR3 increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and enhanced de novo lipogenesis. In summary, miR-146a regulates systemic and adipocyte insulin sensitivity via downregulation of NPR3.
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Qiao ZP, Zheng KI, Zhu PW, Gao F, Ma HL, Li G, Li YY, Targher G, Byrne CD, Zheng MH. Lower levels of plasma NT-proBNP are associated with higher prevalence of NASH in patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:1820-1825. [PMID: 32636124 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Emerging evidence suggests that plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels are decreased in patients with imaging-defined nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but no data are currently available on the association between plasma NT-proBNP levels and the histological severity of NAFLD. METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled 351 (73.5% men) consecutive adult patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD without a prior history of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Plasma NT-proBNP levels were measured using a commercially available immunochemical system (VITROS® 5600, Johnson, New Jersey). Fifty-three percent of these subjects had nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). After stratification of patients by plasma NT-proBNP tertiles; compared to those in the 1st tertile (NT-proBNP ≤16 pg/ml), the odds ratio for NASH was 0.52 (95% CI 0.29-0.95) in patients in the 2nd tertile (NT-proBNP of 17-33 pg/ml) and 0.49 (95% CI 0.26-0.93) in those in the 3rd tertile (NT-proBNP ≥34 pg/ml) of plasma NT-proBNP levels, even after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-estimated insulin resistance, pre-existing diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. CONCLUSION In subjects with biopsy-proven NAFLD without known CVD, this cross-sectional study shows for the first time, that lower plasma NT-proBNP levels are strongly associated with a higher prevalence of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Pei Qiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University & Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kenneth I Zheng
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pei-Wu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hong-Lei Ma
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yang-Yang Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Ming-Hua Zheng
- NAFLD Research Center, Department of Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Institute of Hepatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for The Development of Chronic Liver Disease in Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.
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Mazza A, Townsend DM, Torin G, Schiavon L, Camerotto A, Rigatelli G, Cuppini S, Minuz P, Rubello D. The role of sacubitril/valsartan in the treatment of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in hypertensive patients with comorbidities: From clinical trials to real-world settings. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110596. [PMID: 34321170 PMCID: PMC8963534 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sacubitril/valsartan, the first agent to be approved in a new class of drugs called angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNIs), has been shown to reduce cardiovascular mortality and morbidity compared to enalapril in outpatient subjects with chronic heart failure (HF) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, there is little real-world evidence about the efficacy of ARNIs in elderly hypertensive patients with HFrEF and comorbidities. Methods: In this prospective open-label study, 108 subjects, 54 of them (mean age 78.6 ± 8.2 years, 75.0 % male), with HFrEF (29.8 ± 4.3 %) and New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-III symptoms were assigned to receive ARNIs twice daily, according to the recommended dosage of 24/26, 49/51, 97/103 mg. Patients were gender- and age-matched with a control arm of patients with HFrEF receiving the optimal standard therapy for HF. The clinic blood pressure (BP), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), uric acid (UA), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and NYHA class were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 12 months. During the follow-up, the clinical outcomes, including mortality and re-hospitalization for HF, were collected. Results: NYHA class significantly improved in the ARNI arm compared to the control (24.9 vs. 6.4 %, shifting from class III to II, and 55.4 vs. 25.2 %, from class II to I, p < 0.05 for all). A significant improvement in LVEF and eGFR levels was found in the ARNI arm compared to controls (42.4 vs. 34.2 %, 73.8 vs. 61.2 mL/min, respectively; p < 0.001 for all). NT-proBNP, clinic systolic and diastolic BP, blood glucose, HbA1c and UA values were reduced in both treatment arms, but they were lower in the ARNI arm compared controls (3107 vs. 4552 pg/mL, 112.2 vs. 120.4 and 68.8 vs. 75.6 mmHg, 108.4 vs. 112.6 mg/dL, 5.4 vs. 5.9 % and 5.9 vs. 6.4 mg/dL, respectively, p < 0.05). Mortality and re-hospitalization for HF was lower in the ARNI arm than controls (20.1 vs. 33.6 % and 27.7 vs. 46.3 % respectively; p < 0.05 for all). Gender differences were not found in either arm. No patients refused to continue the study, and no side effects to the ARNI treatment were observed. Conclusions: In elderly patients with HFrEF and comorbidities, ARNI treatment seems effective and safe. The improvement in LVEF and cardiac remodeling, BP, eGFR, serum glucose, UA and HbA1c could be the mechanisms by which ARNIs play their beneficial role on clinical outcomes. However, these results need to be confirmed in studies involving a greater number of subjects, and with a longer follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mazza
- ESH Excellence Hypertension Centre, Internal Medicine Unit, S. Maria della Misericordia General Hospital, AULSS 5 Polesana, Rovigo, Italy.
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Gioia Torin
- ESH Excellence Hypertension Centre, Internal Medicine Unit, S. Maria della Misericordia General Hospital, AULSS 5 Polesana, Rovigo, Italy; Unit of Internal Medicine, S. Maria della Misericordia General Hospital, AULSS 5 Polesana, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Laura Schiavon
- ESH Excellence Hypertension Centre, Internal Medicine Unit, S. Maria della Misericordia General Hospital, AULSS 5 Polesana, Rovigo, Italy; Unit of Internal Medicine, S. Maria della Misericordia General Hospital, AULSS 5 Polesana, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Camerotto
- Department of Diagnosis and Care, Clinical Laboratory, S. Maria della Misericordia General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Rigatelli
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Division of Cardiology, S. Maria della Misericordia General Hospital, AULSS 5 Polesana, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Stefano Cuppini
- Unit of Internal Medicine, S. Maria della Misericordia General Hospital, AULSS 5 Polesana, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Pietro Minuz
- Unit of Internal Medicine C, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Domenico Rubello
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy.
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Dasgupta K, Chung JU, Asam K, Jeong J. Molecular patterning of the embryonic cranial mesenchyme revealed by genome-wide transcriptional profiling. Dev Biol 2019; 455:434-448. [PMID: 31351040 PMCID: PMC6842427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the head of an embryo, a layer of mesenchyme surrounds the brain underneath the surface ectoderm. This cranial mesenchyme gives rise to the meninges, the calvaria (top part of the skull), and the dermis of the scalp. Abnormal development of these structures, especially the meninges and the calvaria, is linked to significant congenital defects in humans. It has been known that different areas of the cranial mesenchyme have different fates. For example, the calvarial bone develops from the cranial mesenchyme on the baso-lateral side of the head just above the eye (supraorbital mesenchyme, SOM), but not from the mesenchyme apical to SOM (early migrating mesenchyme, EMM). However, the molecular basis of this difference is not fully understood. To answer this question, we compared the transcriptomes of EMM and SOM using high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq). This experiment identified a large number of genes that were differentially expressed in EMM and SOM, and gene ontology analyses found very different terms enriched in each region. We verified the expression of about 40 genes in the head by RNA in situ hybridization, and the expression patterns were annotated to make a map of molecular markers for 6 subdivisions of the cranial mesenchyme. Our data also provided insights into potential novel regulators of cranial mesenchyme development, including several axon guidance pathways, lectin complement pathway, cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway, and ZIC family transcription factors. Together, information in this paper will serve as a unique resource to guide future research on cranial mesenchyme development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnakali Dasgupta
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Jong Uk Chung
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Kesava Asam
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Juhee Jeong
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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22
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Johansen M, Schou M, Rasmussen J, Rossignol P, Holm M, Chabanova E, Dela F, Faber J, Kistorp C. Low N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2019; 45:429-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Hardy-Rando E, Fernandez-Patron C. Emerging pathways of communication between the heart and non-cardiac organs. J Biomed Res 2019; 33:145-155. [PMID: 29970623 PMCID: PMC6551427 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.32.20170137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The breakthrough discovery of cardiac natriuretic peptides provided the first direct demonstration of the connection between the heart and the kidneys for the maintenance of sodium and volume homeostasis in health and disease. Yet, little is still known about how the heart and other organs cross-talk. Here, we review three physiological mechanisms of communication linking the heart to other organs through: i) cardiac natriuretic peptides, ii) the microRNA-208a/mediator complex subunit-13 axis and iii) the matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)/C-C motif chemokine ligand-7/cardiac secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) axis – a pathway which likely applies to the many cytokines, which are cleaved and regulated by MMP-2. We also suggest experimental strategies to answer still open questions on the latter pathway. In short, we review evidence showing how the cardiac secretome influences the metabolic and inflammatory status of non-cardiac organs as well as the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Hardy-Rando
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Study Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Foods, University of Havana, Havana PO Box 430, Cuba
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Patron
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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24
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Rengasamy KRR, Khan H, Ahmad I, Lobine D, Mahomoodally F, Suroowan S, Hassan STS, Xu S, Patel S, Daglia M, Nabavi SM, Pandian SK. Bioactive peptides and proteins as alternative antiplatelet drugs. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:2153-2171. [PMID: 31006878 DOI: 10.1002/med.21579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antiplatelet drugs reduce the risks associated with atherothrombotic events and show various applications in diverse cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarctions. Efficacy of the current antiplatelet medicines including aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel and ticagrelor, and the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists, are limited due to their increased risks of bleeding, and antiplatelet drug resistance. Hence, it is important to develop new effective antiplatelet drugs, with fewer side-effects. The vast repertoire of natural peptides can be explored towards this goal. Proteins and peptides derived from snake venoms and plants represent exciting candidates for the development of novel and potent antiplatelet agents. Consequently, this review discusses multiple peptides that have displayed antiplatelet aggregation activity in preclinical drug development stages. This review also describes the antiplatelet mechanisms of the peptides, emphasizing the signaling pathways intervened by them. Also, the hurdles encountered during the development of peptides into antiplatelet drugs have been listed. Finally, hitherto unexplored peptides with the potential to prevent platelet aggregation are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Imad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Devina Lobine
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Shanoo Suroowan
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Sherif T S Hassan
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, Pavia University, Pavia, Italy
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Chrysant SG. Pathophysiology and treatment of obesity‐related hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2019; 21:555-559. [DOI: 10.1111/jch.13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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26
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Bautista-Expósito S, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Dueñas M, Silván JM, Frias J, Peñas E. Combination of pH-controlled fermentation in mild acidic conditions and enzymatic hydrolysis by Savinase to improve metabolic health-promoting properties of lentil. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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27
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Zhou LY, Zeng H, Wang S, Chen JX. Regulatory Role of Endothelial PHD2 in the Hepatic Steatosis. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 48:1003-1011. [PMID: 30036883 PMCID: PMC6350253 DOI: 10.1159/000491968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Liver disease is a leading cause of high mortality and morbidity worldwide. The aim of the present study is to investigate the regulatory role of prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD2)-hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) axis on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to explore the potential mechanisms by which endothelial (EC)-specific PHD2 deficiency regulates hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Methods: In the endothelial-specific PHD2 knockout (PHD2ECKO) mouse fed with normal diet or high fat diet (HFD), liver lipid accumulation and fibrosis were measured by Oil Red O and Masson trichrome staining. The fat and body weight (FW/BW) ratio and glucose tolerance were measured. The expression of HIF-2α, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were analyzed by western blot analysis. Results: The steatosis and fibrosis were significantly increased in the PHD2ECKO mice. FW/BW ratio was significantly increased in the PHD2ECKO mice. Moreover, knockout of endothelial PHD2 resulted in an impairment of glucose tolerance in mice. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of HIF-2α in liver tissues was not significantly increased. Interestingly, the expression of ANP was decreased, and Ang-2 and TGF-β levels were significantly increased in the liver of PHD2ECKO mice. The FW/BW ratio was also significantly increased in the PHD2ECKO mice fed with HFD for 16 weeks. Feeding HFD resulted in a significant increase in hepatic steatosis in the control PHD2f/f mice, but did not further enhance hepatic steatosis in the PHD2ECKO mice. Conclusions: We concluded that the endothelial PHD2 plays a critical role in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, which may be involved in the regulation of ANP and Ang-2/TGF-β signaling pathway, but not the HIF-2α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.,Department of Reproduction, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.,Key laboratory of cerebral cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, School of Medicine, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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Abstract
Natriuretic peptides are structurally related, functionally diverse hormones. Circulating atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are delivered predominantly by the heart. Two C-type natriuretic peptides (CNPs) are paracrine messengers, notably in bone, brain, and vessels. Natriuretic peptides act by binding to the extracellular domains of three receptors, NPR-A, NPR-B, and NPR-C of which the first two are guanylate cyclases. NPR-C is coupled to inhibitory proteins. Atrial wall stress is the major regulator of ANP secretion; however, atrial pressure changes plasma ANP only modestly and transiently, and the relation between plasma ANP and atrial wall tension (or extracellular volume or sodium intake) is weak. Absence and overexpression of ANP-related genes are associated with modest blood pressure changes. ANP augments vascular permeability and reduces vascular contractility, renin and aldosterone secretion, sympathetic nerve activity, and renal tubular sodium transport. Within the physiological range of plasma ANP, the responses to step-up changes are unimpressive; in man, the systemic physiological effects include diminution of renin secretion, aldosterone secretion, and cardiac preload. For BNP, the available evidence does not show that cardiac release to the blood is related to sodium homeostasis or body fluid control. CNPs are not circulating hormones, but primarily paracrine messengers important to ossification, nervous system development, and endothelial function. Normally, natriuretic peptides are not powerful natriuretic/diuretic hormones; common conclusions are not consistently supported by hard data. ANP may provide fine-tuning of reno-cardiovascular relationships, but seems, together with BNP, primarily involved in the regulation of cardiac performance and remodeling. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1211-1249, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bie
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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29
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Ahued-Ortega JA, León-García PE, Hernández-Pérez E. Correlation of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide levels with metabolic risk markers. Med Clin (Barc) 2018; 151:481-486. [PMID: 29678316 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Natriuretic peptide type B (BNP) is a marker of myocardium injury. This peptide has been associated with metabolic risk markers, although controversy exists in this regard. The aim of the present study was to determine the correlation of plasma BNP levels with metabolic risk parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective, observational study that included 152 patients, who were classified according to their clinical diagnosis as patients with metabolic syndrome. Plasma BNP levels and clinical metabolic parameters were assessed by using Spearmańs rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS A significant inverse association with weight (r=-.408; p<.0001) and BMI (r=-.443; p<.001) was obtained. While a positive significant association with systolic pressure (r=.324; p<.001) was observed. A significant decrease was found in BNP levels and components of metabolic syndrome. (p<.05). CONCLUSION Based on the results from this study, we can conclude that BNP determination could be an adequate metabolic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Armando Ahued-Ortega
- Secretaría de Salud Pública del Distrito Federal, Servicios de Salud Pública del Distrito Federal, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Plácido Enrique León-García
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Elizabeth Hernández-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México.
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30
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Zhu SY, Jiang N, Yang J, Tu J, Zhou Y, Xiao X, Dong Y. Silybum marianum oil attenuates hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress in high fat diet-fed mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:191-197. [PMID: 29428667 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of Silybum marianum oil (SMO) on hepatic steatosis and oxidative stress were investigated during the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. The results showed that body weight, fat mass, and serum biochemical parameters such as triglyceride, free fatty acid, glucose and insulin were reduced by SMO treatment. Meanwhile, SMO decreased the histological injury of liver and the levels of hepatic triglyceride, cholesterol and free fatty acid in HFD-fed mice. SMO administration elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and reduced the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay showed that SMO significantly decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in HFD mice. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and liver X receptor α (LXRα) were lower, but peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was higher in mice treated with SMO compared with the HFD group. The results indicated that SMO could play a certain protective role against HFD-induced NAFLD, and the protective effects might be associated with attenuating lipid accumulation, oxidative stress and inflammation, improving lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yun Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Jiangsu Hengshun Group Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang 212000, China.
| | - Ning Jiang
- Institute of Vegetables, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jie Tu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ying Dong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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31
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Wu YS, Zhu B, Luo AL, Yang L, Yang C. The Role of Cardiokines in Heart Diseases: Beneficial or Detrimental? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8207058. [PMID: 29744364 PMCID: PMC5878913 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8207058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, imposing a major disease burden worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new therapeutic targets. Recently, the concept that the heart acts as a secretory organ has attracted increasing attention. Proteins secreted by the heart are called cardiokines, and they play a critical physiological role in maintaining heart homeostasis or responding to myocardial damage and thereby influence the development of heart diseases. Given the critical role of cardiokines in heart disease, they might represent a promising therapeutic target. This review will focus on several cardiokines and discuss their roles in the pathogenesis of heart diseases and as potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Shun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Ai-Lin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Curran CS, Bolig T, Torabi-Parizi P. Mechanisms and Targeted Therapies for Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 197:708-727. [PMID: 29087211 PMCID: PMC5855068 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201705-1043so] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a complex gram-negative facultative anaerobe replete with a variety of arsenals to activate, modify, and destroy host defense mechanisms. The microbe is a common cause of nosocomial infections and an antibiotic-resistant priority pathogen. In the lung, P. aeruginosa disrupts upper and lower airway homeostasis by damaging the epithelium and evading innate and adaptive immune responses. The biology of these interactions is essential to understand P. aeruginosa pathogenesis. P. aeruginosa interacts directly with host cells via flagella, pili, lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and the type III secretion system localized in the outer membrane. P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing molecules regulate the release of soluble factors that enhance the spread of infection. These characteristics of P. aeruginosa differentially affect lung epithelial, innate, and adaptive immune cells involved in the production of mediators and the recruitment of additional immune cell subsets. Pathogen interactions with individual host cells and in the context of host acute lung infection are discussed to reveal pathways that may be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen S Curran
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thomas Bolig
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Parizad Torabi-Parizi
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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34
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Mezzasoma L, Peirce MJ, Minelli A, Bellezza I. Natriuretic Peptides: The Case of Prostate Cancer. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101680. [PMID: 28994721 PMCID: PMC6151559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac natriuretic peptides have long been known to act as main players in the homeostatic control of blood pressure, salt and water balance. However, in the last few decades, new properties have been ascribed to these hormones. A systematic review of English articles using MEDLINE Search terms included prostate cancer, inflammation, cardiac hormones, atrial natriuretic peptide, and brain natriuretic peptide. Most recent publications were selected. Natriuretic peptides are strongly connected to the immune system, whose two branches, innate and adaptive, are finely tuned and organized to kill invaders and repair injured tissues. These peptides control the immune response and act as anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory agents. In addition, in cancers, natriuretic peptides have anti-proliferative effects by molecular mechanisms based on the inhibition/regulation of several pathways promoting cell proliferation and survival. Nowadays, it is accepted that chronic inflammation is a crucial player in prostate cancer development and progression. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the link between prostate cancer and inflammation and the potential use of natriuretic peptides as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Mezzasoma
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Matthew J Peirce
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Alba Minelli
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università di Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
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35
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Wu LH, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Meng LY, Wang YC, Sheng CJ. Effects of gene knockdown of CNP on ventricular remodeling after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through NPRB/Cgmp signaling pathway in rats. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:1804-1818. [PMID: 28796407 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore effects of CNP on ventricular remodeling following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury through the NPRB/cGMP signaling pathway. Rat cardiomyocytes were assigned into: control, I/R, I/R + CNP, and I/R + 8-Br-cGMP groups. ELISA, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting were used to detect cGMP content and expression, respectively. After model establishment of I/R rats, normal control, CNP-/- control, I/R, and CNP-/- groups were set. Indexes of heart were detected using echocardiography and hemodynamics. ELISA was used to measure serum CNP, cGMP, LDH, cTn I, CK-MB, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels. Myocardial infarct was identified by TTC staining, and apoptosis conditions by TUNEL staining. QRT-PCR and Western blotting were adopted to detect expressions of CNP, NPRB, cGMP, and apoptosis-related genes. Compared with control group, cGMP contents and expression in the I/R, I/R + CNP and I/R + 8-Br-cGMP groups were decreased. Levels of LVEDV, LVESV, LVDS, LVDD, IVSD, LVM, LVEDP, and LVSP were higher in the I/R, CNP-/- control, and CNP-/- groups than normal control group while LVEF, SV, CO, and ±dp/dtmax were lower. Compared with the normal control group, LDH, cTn I, CK-MB, TNF-α, and IL-6 were higher in the I/R, CNP-/- control and CNP-/- groups; pathological changes and myocardial infarction were observed in the I/R, CNP-/- control, and CNP-/- groups; expressions of apoptosis-related genes in those groups were higher; while CNP, NPRB, cGMP, and Bcl-2 expressions were decreased. We came to the conclusion that gene knockdown of CNP blocks the NPRB/cGMP signaling pathway, thereby aggravating myocardial I/R injury and causing ventricular remodeling in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-He Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Dongying City People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Shen Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Lu-Yu Meng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Yan-Chi Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Cun-Jian Sheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
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