Synthesis and evaluation of anticancer activity of BOC26P, an ortho-aryl chalcone sodium phosphate as water-soluble prodrugs in vitro and in vivo

Phosphate Prodrugs: An Approach to Improve the Bioavailability of Clinically Approved Drugs

The phosphate prodrug approach has emerged as a viable option for increasing the bioavailability of a drug candidate with low hydrophilicity and poor cell membrane permeability. When a phosphoric acid moiety is attached to the parent drug, it results in a several-fold elevation in aqueous solubility which helps to achieve desired bioavailability of the pharmaceutically active parental molecule. The neutral phosphate prodrugs have rapid diffusion ability through the plasma membrane as compared to their charged counterpart. The presence of phosphate mono ester breaking alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme throughout the whole human body, is the main consideration behind the development of phosphate prodrug strategy. The popularity of this phosphate prodrug strategy is increasing nowadays due to the fulfillment of different desired pharmacokinetic characteristics required to get pharmaceutical and therapeutic responses without showing any serious adverse drug reactions (ADR). This review article mainly focuses on various phosphate prodrugs synthesized within the last decade to get an improved pharmacological response of the parent moiety along with various preclinical and clinical challenges associated with this approach. Emphasis is also given to the chemical mechanism to release the parent moiety from the prodrug.

Polycaprolactone/epoxide-functionalized silica composite microparticles for long-term controlled release of trans-chalcone

In this study, controlled release of trans-chalcone was achieved by using a polycaprolactone-based hybrid system as the drug carrier material. Encapsulation efficiency was obtained in the range of 70–75% for various formulations and in vitro release studies, conducted at 37 °C and pH 7.4, revealed slow profile reaching 60% cumulative release. As interpreted from kinetic modelling, drug release was controlled mainly by Fickian diffusion; polymer erosion did not contribute to the TC release. Difference in drug loading efficiencies of the hybrid and neat PCL microparticles was observed such that PCL microparticles had lower loading efficiency than the hybrid microparticles whereas the release profiles were similar. pH of the release medium had affected release profiles; acidic medium enhanced drug release. Characterization of the microparticles were realized by FT-IR, TGA, DSC, SEM and WCA which revealed key properties such as molecular dispersion state and hydrophilicity. With the results obtained, we concluded that our hybrid system has a significant potential for long term release of trans-chalcone.

Chalcone: A Promising Bioactive Scaffold in Medicinal Chemistry

Chalcones are a class of privileged scaffolds with high medicinal significance due to the presence of an α,β-unsaturated ketone functionality. Numerous functional modifications of chalcones have been reported, along with their pharmacological behavior. The present review aims to summarize the structures from natural sources, synthesis methods, biological characteristics against infectious and non-infectious diseases, and uses of chalcones over the past decade, and their structure–activity relationship studies are detailed in depth. This critical review provides guidelines for the future design and synthesis of various chalcones. In addition, this could be highly supportive for medicinal chemists to develop more promising candidates for various infectious and non-infectious diseases.

Evaluating Pharmacokinetic and Distribution Characteristics for A New Antitumor Activity Ortho-aryl Chalcone Compound of OC26 in Rats by LC-MS/MS Method

Introduction:

OC26, an ortho-aryl chalcone compound, shows excellent antitumor activity in vitro and vivo. However, the pharmacokinetic characteristics of OC26 have not been comprehensively reported. It is essential to investigate the correlation of pharmacological response.

Objective:

To further explore OC26, this study aims to develop an ultra-performance liquid chromatography- tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC-MS/MS) method to reveal the pharmacokinetics and distribution characteristics in rats of OC26.

Methods:

An UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to detect OC26 in plasma and various tissues. The protein precipitation method was applied to process the biological samples. After intravenous injection 12.5mg/kg of OC26 in rats, plasma and tissue samples were collected from rats and the method was applied to investigate pharmacokinetic and distribution characteristics of OC26.

Results:

Calibration curve samples of OC26 concentration range from 20 to 2000 ng/mL with the goodness of fit (r2> 0.99). The precisions for the method were within 12.3%, while the accuracies for the method were within ±11% (bias). The matrix effect had no influence on the accuracy and precision of the method. After intravenous injection 12.5mg/kg of OC26 in rats, OC26 was rapidly eliminated (t1/2=31.39±7.87min, MRT0→∞=15.03±2.55min) from rat plasma and widely distributed (Vd=4.83±0.96L/kg) in tissues. The highest concentration of OC26 was detected in the brain in which peak content (~8962.78ng/g at 15min) was over 5-fold higher than that of in other tissues, which prompted new potential targets in the brain. Besides, lung and heart also detected quite a high level of OC26. Benefited from quick elimination in the collected tissues and plasma, long-term accumulation was not observed as chronic toxicity might be less.

Conclusions:

This UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to detect OC26 and provide a theoretical basis for the further study of OC26.