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Gao CX, Tang CH, Wu TJ, Hu Y, Peng YL, Liu ML, Liu QW, Chen HF, Yang ZH, Zheng X. Anticancer activity of oleanolic acid and its derivatives modified at A-ring and C-28 position. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022:1-14. [PMID: 36151896 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2120863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a five-ring triterpenoid compound, which is widely present in plants. Due to a wide range of pharmacological activities, oleanolic acid has attracted more and more attention. However, oleanolic acid is insoluble in water and has low bioavailability, which limits its clinical application. In this review, we focus on summarizing the anti-cancer activity and mechanism of the A ring or C-28 carboxyl modified derivatives of OA since 2015, to determine the strength of its anti-cancer effectiveness and evaluate whether it could be used as a clinical anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Xi Gao
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Cai-Hong Tang
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ting-Juan Wu
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ya-Ling Peng
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Mei-Ling Liu
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Qian-Wen Liu
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Hong-Fei Chen
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Ze-Hua Yang
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Group of Lead Compound, Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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Synthesis of oleanolic acid hydrazide-hydrazone hybrid derivatives and investigation of their cytotoxic effects on A549 human lung cancer cells. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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LIU Y, YAN DM, DENG LL, ZHU YJ, BIAN CY, LV HR. Role of oleanolic acid in relieving psoriasis and its underlying mechanism of action. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.90721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan LIU
- Chengdu Second People’s Hospital, China
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Gunathilaka TL, Dilrangi KH, Ranasinghe P, Samarakoon KW, Peiris LDC. Mechanistic Insight into Apoptotic Induction in Human Rhabdomyosarcoma and Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells by Chnoospora minima: A Sri Lankan Brown Seaweed. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1154. [PMID: 34832937 PMCID: PMC8622854 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study determined the cytotoxic and apoptotic potential of the polyphenol-rich methanol extract of Chnoospora minima (C. minima) and its fractions against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cells. MTT and neutral red assays were used to determine cytotoxicity. The clonogenic assay evaluated the antineoplastic activity, while the apoptotic activity was determined by cellular morphological changes, caspase 3/7 activity, and DNA fragmentation. Morphological alterations in apoptosis were observed by an inverted phase-contrast microscope and Hoechst 33342 staining methods. The total phenolic, flavonoids, alkaloids, and antioxidant activity in the hexane and chloroform fractions were determined, based on their cytotoxic activity. The hexane fraction of C. minima effectively reduced the cell growth that is concentration-dependent in human RMS and MCF-7 cell lines. It also exhibited low cytotoxicity on Vero cells. The characteristic cellular and nuclear apoptotic morphological features were observed. A noticeable caspase 3/7 activation and the fragmented DNA were detected only in the hexane fraction treated RMS cells, whereas MCF-7 cells showed low caspase 3/7 activation due to a lack of caspase 3 and no evidence of having a typical ladder pattern of apoptosis. Further analysis revealed that the hexane fraction-treated RMS cells upregulated the p53 gene twofold (2.72) compared to the p21 (0.77) gene, whereas in the MCF-7 cells, a 2.21-fold upregulation of p53 was observed compared to the p21 (0.64) gene. The hexane fraction exhibited moderate total phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids content, and antioxidant activity. According to the different antioxidant mechanisms, hexane and chloroform fractions showed the highest antioxidant activities by FRAP and ORAC assays, respectively. GC-MS analysis of hexane fraction revealed the presence of methyl tetradecanoate (38.314%) as the most abundant compound. The study's findings highlighted that the non-polar compounds present in the hexane fraction of C. minima suppressed cell proliferation and induced apoptosis-mediated cell death in RMS and MCF-7 cells, mainly via the activation of the p53 gene. Hence, the isolation of compounds is warranted. However, more studies are required to understand the mechanistic insights of these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilina Lakmini Gunathilaka
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; (T.L.G.); (K.H.D.)
| | - Kulathungage Hiranthi Dilrangi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka; (T.L.G.); (K.H.D.)
| | | | - Kalpa W. Samarakoon
- Institute for Combinatorial Advanced Research and Education (KDU-CARE), General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Ratmalana 10390, Sri Lanka
| | - L. Dinithi C. Peiris
- Department of Zoology/Genetics & Molecular Biology Unit (Center for Biotechnology), Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
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Gupta N. A Review on Recent Developments in the Anticancer Potential of Oleanolic acid and its analogs (2017-2020). Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:600-616. [PMID: 35135459 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210810153627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid class of natural product known to possess a broad range of biological activities, specifically, anticancer. Considering the anticancer potential of OA, a large number of analogs have been prepared by several researchers through modifications at C-3, C-12 and C-28 -COOH to develop the potent anticancer agents with improved cytotoxicity and pharmaceutical properties. Some of the synthesized derivatives have been assessed in clinical trials also. This review summarizes the most recent synthetic and biological efforts in the development of oleanolic acid and its analogs during the period 2017-2020. Reports published during this period revealed that both OA and its analogs possess a remarkable potential for the development of effective anticancer agents along with several others such as anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-microbial and anti-diabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MM College of Pharmacy, M. M. University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana. India
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Abdelmageed N, Twafik WAA, Seddek AL, Morad SARF. Vinpocetine-based therapy is an attractive strategy against oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro by targeting Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:550-561. [PMID: 34121971 PMCID: PMC8192879 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-3463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vinpocetine (Vin), a synthetic-derivative of Vincamine, monoterpenoid indole alkaloid, has been reported to have various medicinal benefits. The purpose of our study was to investigate the pivotal role of “nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2” (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant protection of Vin against H2O2 and paracetamol (APAP)-induced liver toxicity. For this purpose, a normal human hepatic cell line (L02 cells) was incubated with cytotoxic concentrations of H2O2 or APAP in the presence or absence of Vin. To evaluate the responses, MTS Cell Viability assay, immunoblotting, biochemical assays, and molecular docking approach were used. Viability analysis showed that treatment of L02 cells with Vin prevented the cytotoxicity induced by H2O2 and APAP. It was evidenced by the fact that Vin dumped H2O2- and APAP-cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The immunoblotting analysis shows that Vin increased Nrf2 expression along with the expression of target protein, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) level. Interestingly, we found that Vin could protect the protein expression-level of Nrf2, which indicated the prospective interaction between Vin and Keap1 protein. Additionally, molecular docking-study revealed that Vin competed with Nrf2 for Keap1-binding site, with hydrogen and stearic interactions. Collectively, Vin effectively protects against H2O2 and APAP-induced cytotoxicity via executing Nrf2-mediated restoration of antioxidative/oxidative balance. Meanwhile, Vin interrupts protein-protein interaction between Nrf2 and Keap1, which might also contribute to decrease Nrf2 degradation and stabilize protein expression. Thus, Vin-based adjuvant therapy may represent a smart drug regimen to mitigate drug-induced oxidative stress and liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Abdelmageed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Wael Ahmed-Anwar Twafik
- Department of Biochemistry, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Qena branch, Qena, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Latif Seddek
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
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NLRP6-associated host microbiota composition impacts in the intestinal barrier to systemic dissemination of Brucella abortus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009171. [PMID: 33617596 PMCID: PMC7932538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella abortus is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for a worldwide zoonotic infection—Brucellosis, which has been associated with high morbidity rate in humans and severe economic losses in infected livestock. The natural route of infection is through oral and nasal mucosa but the invasion process through host gut mucosa is yet to be understood. Studies have examined the role of NLRP6 (NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing-6 protein) in gut homeostasis and defense against pathogens. Here, we investigated the impact of gut microbiota and NLRP6 in a murine model of Ba oral infection. Nlrp6-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were infected by oral gavage with Ba and tissues samples were collected at different time points. Our results suggest that Ba oral infection leads to significant alterations in gut microbiota. Moreover, Nlrp6-/- mice were more resistant to infection, with decreased CFU in the liver and reduction in gut permeability when compared to the control group. Fecal microbiota transplantation from WT and Nlrp6-/- into germ-free mice reflected the gut permeability phenotype from the donors. Additionally, depletion of gut microbiota by broad-spectrum-antibiotic treatment prevented Ba replication in WT while favoring bacterial growth in Nlrp6-/-. Finally, we observed higher eosinophils in the gut and leukocytes in the blood of infected Nlrp6-/- compared to WT-infected mice, which might be associated to the Nlrp6-/- resistance phenotype. Altogether, these results indicated that gut microbiota composition is the major factor involved in the initial stages of pathogen host replication and partially also by the resistance phenotype observed in Nlrp6 -/- mice regulating host inflammation against Ba infection. Brucella abortus (Ba) is an intracellular bacterium that causes zoonotic and clinical problems worldwide. Although the common route of infection is through oral and nasal, the mechanisms toward the gastrointestinal mucosa response is still unexplored. It is well known that microbiota promotes and maintains host intestinal homeostasis during bacterial infections. However, mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affects the Ba infection have not yet been demonstrated. Here, we provide significant insights into the relationship between gut microbiota and B. abortus oral infection and demonstrate the gut microbiota contribution to the gut permeability and dissemination of Ba. Furthermore, we investigated the participation of the gut microbiota from Nlrp6 deficient mice, on the gut permeability and Ba infection. Substantial experiments performed, mostly in vivo, showed that gut microbiota alterations promote gut barrier disruption, as indicated by increased gut permeability after Ba oral infection. Thus, our work highlights the role of gut mucosal environment through gut microbiota and Nlrp6 molecule involved in host innate immune responses to Ba infection.
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Khan F, Pandey P, Upadhyay TK, Jafri A, Jha NK, Mishra R, Singh V. Anti-Cancerous Effect of Rutin Against HPV-C33A Cervical Cancer Cells via G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptotic Induction. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2021; 20:409-418. [PMID: 31385777 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190806122257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nowadays, the potential therapeutic role of various bioflavonoids including Curcumin, Luteolin and Resveratrol has currently been well-documented in a vast range of fatal complications including synaptic failure and cancers. These bioflavonoids are widely being implemented for the treatment of various cancers as they possess anti-cancerous, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Moreover, they are also used as a better alternative to conventional therapies since; these are non-toxic to cells and having no or least side effects. Notably, the pertinent therapeutic role of Rutin in cervical cancer is still unsettled however, its anti-cancerous role has already been reported in other cancers including prostate and colon cancer. Rutin (Vitamin P or Rutoside) is a polyphenolics flavonoid exhibiting multi-beneficial roles against several carcinomas. OBJECTIVE Despite the evidence for its several biological activities, the anticancer effects of Rutin on human cervical cancer (C33A) cells remain to be explored. In this study, the anticancer potential of Rutin was investigated by employing the key biomarkers such as nuclear condensation reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). RESULTS Our findings showed that Rutin treatment reduced the cell viability, induced significant increase in ROS production and nuclear condensation in dose-dependent manner. Moreover, Rutin provoked apoptosis by inducing decrease in MMP and activation of caspase-3. Cell cycle analysis further confirmed the efficacy of Rutin by showing cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. CONCLUSION Thus, our study is envisaged to open up interests for elucidating Rutin as an anticancerous agent against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Tarun K Upadhyay
- Department of Applied Science and Agriculture Research, Suresh GyanVihar University, Jaipur, India
| | - Asif Jafri
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Niraj K Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Rashmi Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Vineeta Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
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Garg R, Allen KJH, Dawicki W, Geoghegan EM, Ludwig DL, Dadachova E. 225Ac-labeled CD33-targeting antibody reverses resistance to Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax in acute myeloid leukemia models. Cancer Med 2020; 10:1128-1140. [PMID: 33347715 PMCID: PMC7897952 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite the availability of new drugs, many patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) do not achieve remission and outcomes remain poor. Venetoclax is a promising new therapy approved for use in combination with a hypomethylating agent or with low‐dose cytarabine for the treatment of newly diagnosed older AML patients or those ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. 225Actinium‐lintuzumab (225Ac‐lintuzumab) is a clinical stage radioimmunotherapy targeting CD33 that has shown evidence of single‐agent activity in relapsed/refractory AML. Increased expression of MCL‐1 is a mediator of resistance to venetoclax in cancer. Experimental design Here we investigated the potential for 225Ac‐lintuzumab‐directed DNA damage to suppress MCL‐1 levels as a possible mechanism of reversing resistance to venetoclax in two preclinical in vivo models of AML. Results We demonstrated that 225Ac‐lintuzumab in combination with venetoclax induced a synergistic increase in tumor cell killing compared to treatment with either drug alone in venetoclax‐resistant AML cell lines through both an induction of double‐stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) and depletion of MCL‐1 protein levels. Further, this combination led to significant tumor growth control and prolonged survival benefit in venetoclax‐resistant in vivo AML models. Conclusions There results suggest that the combination of 225Ac‐lintuzumab with venetoclax is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of patients with venetoclax‐resistant AML. Clinical trial of this combination therapy (NCT03867682) is currently ongoing.
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Hoenke S, Serbian I, Deigner HP, Csuk R. Mitocanic Di- and Triterpenoid Rhodamine B Conjugates. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225443. [PMID: 33233650 PMCID: PMC7699795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of the “correct” triterpenoid, the “correct” spacer and rhodamine B (RhoB) seems to be decisive for the ability of the conjugate to accumulate in mitochondria. So far, several triterpenoid rhodamine B conjugates have been prepared and screened for their cytotoxic activity. To obtain cytotoxic compounds with EC50 values in a low nano-molar range combined with good tumor/non-tumor selectivity, the Rho B unit has to be attached via an amine spacer to the terpenoid skeleton. To avoid spirolactamization, secondary amines have to be used. First results indicate that a homopiperazinyl spacer is superior to a piperazinyl spacer. Hybrids derived from maslinic acid or tormentic acid are superior to those from oleanolic, ursolic, glycyrrhetinic or euscaphic acid. Thus, a tormentic acid-derived RhoB conjugate 32, holding a homopiperazinyl spacer can be regarded, at present, as the most promising candidate for further biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hoenke
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Street 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany; (S.H.); (I.S.)
| | - Immo Serbian
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Street 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany; (S.H.); (I.S.)
| | - Hans-Peter Deigner
- Medical and Life Science Faculty, Institute of Precision Medicine, Furtwangen University, Jakob–Kienzle–Street 17, D-78054 Villigen–Schwenningen, Germany;
| | - René Csuk
- Organic Chemistry, Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes Street 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany; (S.H.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-5525660
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Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Behaviors of Prostate Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1269624. [PMID: 33062666 PMCID: PMC7538255 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1269624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), known as a heterogenous disease, has a high incidence and mortality rate around the world and seriously threatens public health. As an inevitable by-product of cellular metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) exhibit beneficial effects by regulating signaling cascades and homeostasis. More and more evidence highlights that PCa is closely associated with age, and high levels of ROS are driven through activation of several signaling pathways with age, which facilitate the initiation, development, and progression of PCa. Nevertheless, excessive amounts of ROS result in harmful effects, such as genotoxicity and cell death. On the other hand, PCa cells adaptively upregulate antioxidant genes to detoxify from ROS, suggesting that a subtle balance of intracellular ROS levels is required for cancer cell functions. The current review discusses the generation and biological roles of ROS in PCa and provides new strategies based on the regulation of ROS for the treatment of PCa.
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A Diamine-PEGylated Oleanolic Acid Derivative Induced Efficient Apoptosis through a Death Receptor and Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway in HepG2 Human Hepatoma Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101375. [PMID: 32998255 PMCID: PMC7601263 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. Our recent studies have shown that the diamine-(PEG)ylated oleanolic acid (OADP) has strong anti-tumor effects in HCCs. In this study, we evaluated the anti-tumor mechanisms of OADP in the HepG2 HCC cell line. The cytotoxicity results showed that HepG2 cell viability was markedly reduced, with a very low 50% of cell growth inhibitory concentration (IC50, 0.14 µg/mL). We then investigated the anti-tumor mechanisms of OADP in HepG2 cells. The flow-cytometry analysis was used to evaluate cell apoptosis, indicating that 74–95% of cells were apoptotic. OADP caused cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Western blot analysis was performed to assess the expression levels of key proteins associated with the underlying molecular mechanism. The results showed the clear upregulation of caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3, Bak, p21, and p53, accompanied by the downregulation of Bcl-2. Similar results were obtained by the cotreatment with OADP and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125. Agents such as OADP, which are capable of activating extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, may represent potential HCC cancer therapies.
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Fan R, Wang H, Zhang L, Ma T, Tian Y, Li H. Nanocrystallized Oleanolic Acid Better Inhibits Proliferation, Migration and Invasion in Intracranial Glioma via Caspase-3 Pathway. J Cancer 2020; 11:1949-1958. [PMID: 32194806 PMCID: PMC7052863 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma associates with high malignancy and poor prognosis for traditional treatment. Oleanolic acid (OA) has been confirmed to have an inhibitory effect on different kinds of tumors, while accompanying with low efficiency because of its large molecular mass and low solubility. Nanoliposome is an appropriate drug delivery system that can compensate for the limitations of traditional insoluble drugs, involving improvement of their solubility, stability and lipophilicity. In the present study, we comprised of OA covered with nanoliposomes, named OAnano, to observe antitumor effects on U87 glioma cells. The results showed that OAnano raised the solubility and oil-water partition coefficient. OAnano suppressed proliferation of U87 glioma cells, and also had an anticancer effect on U87 glioma cells, which was found to be higher than that of OA. Moreover, treatment with OAnano induced apoptosis and degraded migration ability by caspase-3 pathway. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that OA covered with nanoliposomes led to enhanced anticancer effects by suppressing proliferation, migration and invasion abilities. The findings may provide a reliable reference for development of new anti-cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruicheng Fan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Battalion 3, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Heng Wang
- Battalion 4, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liyuan Zhang
- Battalion 4, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanping Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Pinto DCGA, Rahmouni N, Beghidja N, Silva AMS. Scabiosa Genus: A Rich Source of Bioactive Metabolites. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 5:E110. [PMID: 30304864 PMCID: PMC6313729 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The genus Scabiosa (family Caprifoliaceae) is considered large (618 scientific plant names of species) although only 62 have accepted Latin binominal names. The majority of the Scabiosa species are widely distributed in the Mediterranean region and some Scabiosa species are used in traditional medicine systems. For instance, Scabiosa columbaria L. is used traditionally against diphtheria while S. comosa Fisch. Ex Roem. and Schult. is used in Mongolian and Tibetan traditional medical settings to treat liver diseases. The richness of Scabiosa species in secondary metabolites such as iridoids, flavonoids and pentacyclic triterpenoids may contribute to its use in folk medicine. Details on the most recent and relevant pharmacological in vivo studies on the bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from Scabiosa species will be summarized and thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C G A Pinto
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Naima Rahmouni
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Unité de Recherche et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyse Physico-Chimiques et Biologiques, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algérie.
| | - Noureddine Beghidja
- Unité de Recherche et Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles, Molécules Bioactives et Analyse Physico-Chimiques et Biologiques, Université des Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algérie.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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15
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Wang S, Du LB, Jin L, Wang Z, Peng J, Liao N, Zhao YY, Zhang JL, Pauluhn J, Hai CX, Wang X, Li WL. Nano-oleanolic acid alleviates metabolic dysfunctions in rats with high fat and fructose diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1181-1187. [PMID: 30372819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes and related metabolic disorders are among the top prevalent metabolism-related diseases with increasing threat to human health throughout the world. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural triterpenoid and an aglycone of many saponins possessing anti-diabetic, antioxidant, hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory activities. A nano-formulation of OA was recently developed to evaluate the efficiency of nano-OA in the treatment of insulin-resistance and metabolic disorders in high fat and fructose (HFF) diet-fed rats. This study further identified that nano-OA could reduce the increase of body weights, serum insulin, insulin sensitivity index, serum triglycerides, and cholesterol in HFF-fed rats. In consistence, nano-OA was able to attenuate HFF diet-induced lipid accumulation in the liver and improve the structural integrity of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in liver and pancreas in animals fed with HFF diet. In addition, nan-OA can efficaciously mitigate the increase of levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in blood samples. The beneficial effects of nano-OA was further evidenced to be superior to OA formulated in arabic gum and rosiglitazone treatment. Together, this study provides the evidence that nano-OA can effectively improve HFF diet-induced metabolic dysfunctions in rats by improving its bioavailability and pharmacodynamic properties and thus nano-OA may be a potentially efficient agent to treat obesity-related diabetes and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li-Bo Du
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Nai Liao
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie-Ling Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Juergen Pauluhn
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China; Bayer Pharma AG, Department of Toxicology, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Chun-Xu Hai
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Wen-Li Li
- Department of Toxicology, Shaanxi Key Lab of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, School of Public Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
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16
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Ediriweera MK, Tennekoon KH, Samarakoon SR. In vitro assays and techniques utilized in anticancer drug discovery. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:38-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meran Keshawa Ediriweera
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; University of Colombo; Colombo 03 Sri Lanka
| | - Kamani Hemamala Tennekoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; University of Colombo; Colombo 03 Sri Lanka
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17
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Tao R, Gao M, Liu F, Guo X, Fan A, Ding D, Kong D, Wang Z, Zhao Y. Alleviating the Liver Toxicity of Chemotherapy via pH-Responsive Hepatoprotective Prodrug Micelles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:21836-21846. [PMID: 29897226 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarriers have been extensively utilized to enhance the anti-tumor performance of chemotherapy, but it is very challenging to eliminate the associated hepatotoxicity. This was due to the significant liver accumulation of cytotoxic drug-loaded nanocarriers as a consequence of systemic biodistribution. To address this, we report a novel type of nanocarrier that was made of hepatoprotective compound (oleanolic acid/OA) with a model drug (methotrexate/MTX) being physically encapsulated. OA was covalently connected with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) via a hydrazone linker, generating amphiphilic mPEG-OA prodrug conjugate that could self-assemble into pH-responsive micelles (ca. 100 nm), wherein the MTX loading was ca. 5.1% (w/w). The micelles were stable at pH 7.4 with a critical micelle concentration of 10.5 μM. At the acidic endosome/lysosome microenvironment, the breakdown of hydrazone induced the micelle collapse and fast release of payloads (OA and MTX). OA also showed adjunctive anti-tumor effect with a low potency, which was proved in 4T1 cells. In the mouse 4T1 breasttumor model, MTX-loaded mPEG-OA micelles demonstrated superior capability regarding in vivo tumorgrowth inhibition because of the passive tumor targeting of nanocarriers. Unsurprisingly, MTX induced significant liver toxicity, which was evidenced by the increased liver mass and increased levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase in serum as well as in liver homogenate. MTX-induced hepatotoxicity was also accompanied with augmented oxidative stress, for example, the increase of the malondialdehyde level and the reduction of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase concentration in the liver. As expected, mPEG-OA micelles significantly reduced the liver toxicity induced by MTX because of the hepatoprotective action of OA, which was supported by the reversal of all the above biomarkers and qualitative histological analysis of liver tissue. This work offers an efficient approach for reducing the liver toxicity associated with chemotherapy, which can be applied to various antitumor drugs and hepatoprotective materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Min Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Fang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Xuliang Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Aiping Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | | | | | - Zheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Yanjun Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , China
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