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Xiao W, Lee LY, Loscalzo J. Metabolic Responses to Redox Stress in Vascular Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 38985660 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Redox stress underlies numerous vascular disease mechanisms. Metabolic adaptability is essential for vascular cells to preserve energy and redox homeostasis. Recent Advances: Single-cell technologies and multiomic studies demonstrate significant metabolic heterogeneity among vascular cells in health and disease. Increasing evidence shows that reductive or oxidative stress can induce metabolic reprogramming of vascular cells. A recent example is intracellular L-2-hydroxyglutarate accumulation in response to hypoxic reductive stress, which attenuates the glucose flux through glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in pulmonary vascular cells and provides protection against further reductive stress. Critical Issues: Regulation of cellular redox homeostasis is highly compartmentalized and complex. Vascular cells rely on multiple metabolic pathways, but the precise connectivity among these pathways and their regulatory mechanisms is only partially defined. There is also a critical need to understand better the cross-regulatory mechanisms between the redox system and metabolic pathways as perturbations in either systems or their cross talk can be detrimental. Future Directions: Future studies are needed to define further how multiple metabolic pathways are wired in vascular cells individually and as a network of closely intertwined processes given that a perturbation in one metabolic compartment often affects others. There also needs to be a comprehensive understanding of how different types of redox perturbations are sensed by and regulate different cellular metabolic pathways with specific attention to subcellular compartmentalization. Lastly, integration of dynamic changes occurring in multiple metabolic pathways and their cross talk with the redox system is an important goal in this multiomics era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusheng Xiao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Laurel Y Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Huang X, Guo J, Ning A, Zhang N, Sun Y. BAG3 promotes proliferation and migration of arterial smooth muscle cells by regulating STAT3 phosphorylation in diabetic vascular remodeling. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:140. [PMID: 38664681 PMCID: PMC11046803 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic vascular remodeling is the most important pathological basis of diabetic cardiovascular complications. The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) caused by elevated blood glucose promotes the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), leading to arterial wall thickening and ultimately vascular remodeling. Therefore, the excessive proliferation and migration of VSMCs is considered as an important therapeutic target for vascular remodeling in diabetes mellitus. However, due to the lack of breakthrough in experiments, there is currently no effective treatment for the excessive proliferation and migration of VSMCs in diabetic patients. Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3) protein is a multifunctional protein highly expressed in skeletal muscle and myocardium. Previous research has confirmed that BAG3 can not only regulate cell survival and apoptosis, but also affect cell proliferation and migration. Since the excessive proliferation and migration of VSMCs is an important pathogenesis of vascular remodeling in diabetes, the role of BAG3 in the excessive proliferation and migration of VSMCs and its molecular mechanism deserve further investigation. METHODS In this study, BAG3 gene was manipulated in smooth muscle to acquire SM22αCre; BAG3FL/FL mice and streptozotocin (STZ) was used to simulate diabetes. Expression of proteins and aortic thickness of mice were detected by immunofluorescence, ultrasound and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Using human aorta smooth muscle cell line (HASMC), cell viability was measured by CCK-8 and proliferation was measured by colony formation experiment. Migration was detected by transwell, scratch experiments and Phalloidin staining. Western Blot was used to detect protein expression and Co-Immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was used to detect protein interaction. RESULTS In diabetic vascular remodeling, AGEs could promote the interaction between BAG3 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), leading to the enhanced interaction between STAT3 and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and reduced interaction between STAT3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), resulting in accumulated p-STAT3(705) and reduced p-STAT3(727). Subsequently, the expression of matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2) is upregulated, thus promoting the migration of VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS BAG3 upregulates the expression of MMP2 by increasing p-STAT3(705) and decreasing p-STAT3(727) levels, thereby promoting vascular remodeling in diabetes. This provides a new orientation for the prevention and treatment of diabetic vascular remodeling.
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MESH Headings
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Movement
- Vascular Remodeling
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Animals
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Phosphorylation
- Signal Transduction
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Diabetic Angiopathies/metabolism
- Diabetic Angiopathies/pathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/etiology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/genetics
- Male
- Cells, Cultured
- Mice, Knockout
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Huang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiayan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Anqi Ning
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Naijin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.
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3
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Xiao Y, Li X, Wang L, Hu M, Liu Y. Proanthocyanidin A2 attenuates the activation of hepatic stellate cells by activating the PPAR-γ signalling pathway. Autoimmunity 2023; 56:2250101. [PMID: 37615088 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2023.2250101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is the pathological process of chronic liver diseases induced by hepatic stellate cells. Proanthocyanidin A2 (PA2) has multiple pharmacological activities. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of PA2 on hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation in liver fibrosis. LX-2 cells were treated with TGF-β1 to establish a fibrosis cell model. Cell viability was evaluated using cell counting kit-8. The levels of fibrosis-related factors (collagen I, fibronectin, and α-SMA) were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunofluorescence assay. The molecular mechanisms of PA2 were evaluated by RNA-seq, bioinformatic analysis, and western blot. The results showed that PA2 suppressed cell viability, and downregulated fibrosis-related factors induced by TGF-β1, suggesting PA2 suppressed the activation of HSCs. PA2 treatment-induced differentially expressed mRNAs are predicted to be associated with the PPAR-γ pathway. PA2 reversed the downregulation of PPAR-γ and the upregulation of phosphorylated (p)-Smad2 and Smad3. A rescue experiment illustrated that the inactivation of the PPAR-γ pathway reversed the effects of PA2 on cell viability and HSC activation. In conclusion, PA2 inhibited TGF-β1-induced activation of HSCs by activating the PPAR-γ/Smad pathway. The findings suggested that PA2 may be an effective treatment for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacong Xiao
- Guangdong Lingnan Institute of Technology, Qingyuan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Guangdong Lingnan Institute of Technology, Qingyuan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Guangdong Lingnan Institute of Technology, Qingyuan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Mingyue Hu
- Guangdong Lingnan Institute of Technology, Qingyuan, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Youlin Liu
- Guangdong Lingnan Institute of Technology, Qingyuan, Guangdong, P.R. China
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Wang H, Xiao Y, Fang Z, Zhang Y, Yang L, Zhao C, Meng Z, Liu Y, Li C, Han Q, Feng Z. Fabrication and performance evaluation of PLCL-hCOLIII small-diameter vascular grafts crosslinked with procyanidins. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126293. [PMID: 37591423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease has become one of the main causes of death. It is the common goal of researchers worldwide to develop small-diameter vascular grafts to meet clinical needs. Collagen is a valuable biomaterial that has been used in the preparation of vascular grafts and has shown good results. Recombinant humanized collagen (RHC) has the advantages of clear chemical structure, batch stability, no virus hazard and low immunogenicity compared with animal-derived collagen, which can be developed as vascular materials. In this study, Poly (l-lactide- ε-caprolactone) with l-lactide/ε-caprolactone (PLCL) and type III recombinant humanized collagen (hCOLIII) were selected as raw materials to prepare vascular grafts, which were prepared by the same-nozzle electrospinning apparatus. Meanwhile, procyanidin (PC), a plant polyphenol, was used to cross-link the vascular grafts. The physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of the fabricated vascular grafts were investigated by comparing with glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinked vascular grafts and pure PLCL grafts. Finally, the performance of PC cross-linked PLCL-hCOLIII vascular grafts were evaluated by rabbit carotid artery transplantation model. The results indicate that the artificial vascular grafts have good cell compatibility, blood compatibility, and anti-calcification performance, and can remain unobstructed after 30 days carotid artery transplantation in rabbits. The grafts also showed inhibitory effects on the proliferation of SMCs and intimal hyperplasia, demonstrating its excellent performance as small diameter vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Yonghao Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhiping Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuanguo Zhang
- Department of Thyroid-Breast-Vascular Surgery, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274300, China
| | - Liu Yang
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Chenyu Zhao
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Zhu Meng
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Yu Liu
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China; Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Chongchong Li
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Qianqian Han
- National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102629, China.
| | - Zengguo Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Pi X, Liu J, Peng Z, Liang S, Cheng J, Sun Y. Comparison of proanthocyanidins A2 and B2 on IgE-reactivity and epitopes in Gly m 6 using multispectral, LC/MS-MS and molecular docking. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126026. [PMID: 37506791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This study comparatively analyzed the changes in IgE-reactivity and epitopes in proanthocyanidins A2- (PA-Gly m 6) and B2-Gly m 6 (PB-Gly m 6) conjugates prepared by alkali treatment at 80 °C for 20 min. Similar to the western blot, ELISA also showed a higher reduced IgE-reactivity in PA-Gly m 6 (70.12 %) than PB-Gly m 6 (63.17 %). SDS-PAGE demonstrated that proanthocyanidins A2 caused more formation of >180 kDa polymers than proanthocyanidins B2. Multispectral analyses revealed that PA-Gly m 6 exhibited more structural alteration (e.g., a decrease of α-helical content and ANS fluorescence intensity) to unfold protein structure than proanthocyanidins B2, improving the accessibility to modify Gly m 6 for shielding or destroying conformational epitopes. LC/MS-MS revealed that PA-Gly m 6 conjugates had a lower abundance of allergens, peptides and linear epitopes than PB-Gly m 6 conjugates. Molecular docking showed that proanthocyanidins A2 and B2 reacted with Gln-317 and Asn-94 of epitopes, respectively. Overall, proanthocyanidins A2 is more effective than proanthocyanidins B2 to decrease the IgE-reactivity of Gly m 6 due to more shielding or destruction of conformational epitopes and lower content allergens and linear epitopes, which was attributed to more protein-crosslinks formation and structural changes in PA-Gly m 6 conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Pi
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Jiafei Liu
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Zeyu Peng
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Shuxia Liang
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China; Jiangsu DAISY FSMP Co., Ltd, Nantong, Jiangsu 226133, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
| | - Yuxue Sun
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
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Tang XE, Cheng YQ, Tang CK. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 as the therapeutic target of atherosclerotic diseases: past, present and future. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1219690. [PMID: 37670950 PMCID: PMC10475599 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1219690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 2(PTPN2), an important member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family, can regulate various signaling pathways and biological processes by dephosphorylating receptor protein tyrosine kinases. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that PTPN2 is involved in the occurrence and development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Recently, it has been reported that PTPN2 exerts an anti-atherosclerotic effect by regulating vascular endothelial injury, monocyte proliferation and migration, macrophage polarization, T cell polarization, autophagy, pyroptosis, and insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize the latest findings on the role of PTPN2 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis to provide a rationale for better future research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Er Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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7
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Cao Z, Liu Y, Wang Y, Leng P. Research progress on the role of PDGF/PDGFR in type 2 diabetes. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114983. [PMID: 37290188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are basic proteins stored in the α granules of platelets. PDGFs and their receptors (PDGFRs) are widely expressed in platelets, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, platelets, pericytes, smooth muscle cells and tumor cells. The activation of PDGFR plays a number of critical roles in physiological functions and diseases, including normal embryonic development, cellular differentiation, and responses to tissue damage. In recent years, emerging experimental evidence has shown that activation of the PDGF/PDGFR pathway is involved in the development of diabetes and its complications, such as atherosclerosis, diabetic foot ulcers, diabetic nephropathy, and retinopathy. Research on targeting PDGF/PDGFR as a treatment has also made great progress. In this mini-review, we summarized the role of PDGF in diabetes, as well as the research progress on targeted diabetes therapy, which provides a new strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanqi Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yijie Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yini Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Ping Leng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Zhao Y, Xie Y, Li X, Song J, Guo M, Xian D, Zhong J. The protective effect of proanthocyanidins on the psoriasis-like cell models via PI3K/AKT and HO-1. Redox Rep 2022; 27:200-211. [PMID: 36178125 PMCID: PMC9542435 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2022.2123841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are important contributors to psoriasis pathogenesis. Proanthocyanidins (PCs) have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. Previously, we discovered that PCs alleviated psoriasis-like mice symptoms, likely via mitigating inflammation and OS damage. Objective To elucidate the protective mechanism underlying PCs against the damage of TNF-ɑ-induced psoriasis-like cell models. Methods Psoriasis-like cell models were established with 7.5 ng/mL TNF-ɑ and then subjected to different-concentrations PCs treatment. Finally, inflammatory and oxidative parameters were determined. Besides, LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) and ZnPP (HO-1 inhibitor) were employed to investigate the roles of PI3K/AKT and HO-1 in PCs against psoriasis-like cell models. Results After TNF-α treatment, cells organized tightly and proliferated greatly (P<0.01); HO-1 expression dropped obviously, along with the increased OS/inflammatory indicators and the decreased antioxidants (P<0.05); consequently, psoriasis-like cell models were well established. In the presence of PCs, nevertheless, the proliferation rate and number of psoriasis-like cells evidently decreased (P<0.01), accompanied with enhanced HO-1 and antioxidants, and lowered OS/inflammatory indicators as well as phosphorylated JAK2/STAT3/PI3/AKT (P<0.01). Similar changes appeared after LY294002 pretreatment, regardless of PCs or not. But after ZnPP pretreatment with or without PCs, the opposite occurred. Conclusion The study reveals that PCs can suppress psoriasis-like cell proliferation and reduce inflammatory/OS damage through PI3K/AKT inhibition and HO-1 activation, thus promising a candidate for PCs in treating psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmeng Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Xie
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglu Guo
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehai Xian
- Department of Anatomy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiao Zhong
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
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Fan W, Zong H, Zhao T, Deng J, Yang H. Bioactivities and mechanisms of dietary proanthocyanidins on blood pressure lowering: A critical review of in vivo and clinical studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3522-3538. [PMID: 36226711 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2132375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins, widespread in natural plant sources, are bioactive substances that exhibit broad benefits to human health. Of note, proanthocyanidins have been reported to lower blood pressure and prevent hypertension, but a critical review of this is lacking. In this review, information on the basic structures and absorption of dietary proanthocyanidins as well as their bioactivities and related mechanisms on the lowering of blood pressure derived via in vivo and clinical studies are summarized. Clinical studies have shown that proanthocyanidins have a pronounced blood pressure-lowering effect, effectively preventing hypertension and reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The potential mechanisms, which are herein reviewed in detail, involve the improvement of vascular function, reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation, and modulation of lipid metabolism. Taken together, this work provides information for a better understanding of the antihypertensive effects of proanthocyanidins, which may promote their use to reduce the risk of developing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Fan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Houru Zong
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haixia Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Azhar AS, Abdel-Naim AB, Ashour OM. 2-Methoxyestradiol inhibits carotid artery intimal hyperplasia induced by balloon injury via inhibiting JAK/STAT axis in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:59524-59533. [PMID: 35384535 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is a common complication of vascular interventional procedures that leads to narrowing of the vessel lumen. 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME), an estrogen metabolite, has numerous pharmacological actions, including vasoprotective and antiproliferative activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of 2ME, prepared as a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), to inhibit IH induced by balloon injury (BI) in the rat carotid artery. The prepared 2ME SNEDDS had a particle size of 119 ± 2.3 nm and a zeta potential of -7.1 ± 1.4 mV. Animals were divided into 5 groups, namely control, sham, BI, BI + 2ME (100 μg/kg), and BI + 2ME (250 μg/kg). The obtained data indicated that 2ME significantly inhibited IH as indicated by the histological and morphometric assessment of the intima, media and lumen areas. This was associated with enhanced expression of Bax and inhibited expression of Bcl2 mRNA. Furthermore, 2ME exhibited significant antioxidant properties as evidenced by prevention of malondialdehyde accumulation as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymatic exhaustion. In addition, 2ME showed significant anti-inflammatory actions as it significantly inhibited vascular content of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and nuclear factor-κB. The observed vasoprotective activities of 2ME were accompanied by inhibition of Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) protein expression. In conclusion, this study revealed that 2ME ameliorates balloon injury-induced IH in rats via suppressing JAK/STAT axis. This may help to develop new strategies to combat IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S Azhar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Cardiac Center of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf B Abdel-Naim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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An Emerging Role of Proanthocyanidins on Psoriasis: Evidence from a Psoriasis-Like Mouse Model. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5800586. [PMID: 35720176 PMCID: PMC9200549 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5800586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Psoriasis is an immune-mediated, chronic inflammatory disease, and genetic, immune, oxidative stress (OS), and environmental factors are all thought to contribute to its occurrence. Proanthocyanidins (PCs) are natural flavonoids consisting of catechins and epicatechins which have anti-inflammatory and anti-OS activities. PCs have been widely used to treat various diseases, but reports regarding psoriasis are rare. Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanisms of action of PCs in a psoriasis-like mouse model. Methods Thirty male BALB/c hairless mice were assigned to six groups (n = 5): normal, model, low-dose PCs, medium-dose PCs, high-dose PCs, and control groups. The final five groups were dorsally exposed to 5% imiquimod (IMQ) cream once a day for 6 consecutive days, while the normal group received no intervention. Following the first day of IMQ application, mice in the PC-treated group were dosed with different amounts of PCs daily by oral gavage for six days, whereas mice in the control group received normal saline in the same way. One week later, skin lesions were evaluated by the severity of scoring system based on psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), and pathological alterations were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Indicators of inflammation or OS, such as interleukin- (IL-) 17, IL-23, phosphorylated-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p-PI3K), phosphorylated-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), were determined by ELISA, RT-PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. Results IMQ administration induced the formation of large dark red plaques with thickly layered scales on the dorsal skin of mice; nevertheless, the lesions were substantially alleviated by PC administration. Histopathological alterations were observed in both model and control groups with epidermal hyperkeratosis, granulosa layer thinning, acanthosis, downward extension of rete ridges, dermal papillae expansion, capillary hyperplasia, and infiltration by inflammatory cells around blood vessels. These pathological changes, however, were restored by a range of doses of PCs, high-dose PCs in particular. Different doses of PCs significantly lowered the spleen index, levels of inflammatory or oxidative proteins (IL-17, IL-23, MDA, ROS, p-PI3K, and p-STAT3), and the mRNA expression of Il-17, Il-23, Vegf, and iNos. Protein and mRNA levels of anti-OS and anti-inflammatory biomarkers, including SOD, CAT, GSH, and HO-1, greatly increased after PC treatment, especially at the highest dose. Conclusions Our findings reveal that PCs ameliorate psoriasis-like symptoms, suppressing the inflammatory response and mitigating OS damage in an IMQ-induced psoriasis-like mouse model. These effects are probably related to the inactivation of STAT3 and PI3K and activation of HO-1 signaling.
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RAGE Regulating Vascular Remodeling in Diabetes by Regulating Mitochondrial Dynamics with JAK2/STAT3 Pathway. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:2685648. [PMID: 35498181 PMCID: PMC9054424 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2685648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this research, we will explore the role and modulation of mitochondrial dynamics in diabetes vascular remodeling. Only a few cell types express the pattern recognition receptor, also known as the AGE receptor (RAGE). However, it is triggered in almost all of the cells that have been investigated thus far by events that are known to cause inflammation. Here, Type 2 diabetes was studied in both cellular and animal models. Elevated Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), phosphorylated JAK2 (p-JAK2), phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3), transient receptor potential ion channels (TRPM), and phosphorylated dynamin-related protein 1 (p-DRP1) were observed in the context of diabetes. In addition, we found that inhibition of RAGE was followed by a remarkable decrease in the expression of the above proteins. It has also been demonstrated by western blotting and immunofluorescence results in vivo and in vitro. Suppressing STAT3 and DRP1 phosphorylation produced effects similar to those of RAGE inhibition on the proliferation, cell cycle, migration, invasion, and expression of TRPM in VSMCs and vascular tissues obtained from diabetic animals. These findings indicate that RAGE regulates vascular remodeling via mitochondrial dynamics through modulating the JAK2/STAT3 axis in diabetes. The findings could be crucial in gaining a better understanding of diabetes-related vascular remodeling. It also contributes to a better cytopathological understanding of diabetic vascular disease and provides a theoretical foundation for novel targets that aid in the prevention and treatment of diabetes-related cardiovascular problems.
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Abstract
Tannins are an interesting class of polyphenols, characterized, in almost all cases, by a different degree of polymerization, which, inevitably, markedly influences their bioavailability, as well as biochemical and pharmacological activities. They have been used for the process of tanning to transform hides into leather, from which their name derives. For several time, they have not been accurately evaluated, but now researchers have started to unravel their potential, highlighting anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities, as well as their involvement in cardiovascular, neuroprotective and in general metabolic diseases prevention. The mechanisms underlying their activity are often complex, but the main targets of their action (such as key enzymes modulation, activation of metabolic pathways and changes in the metabolic fluxes) are highlighted in this review, without losing sight of their toxicity. This aspect still needs further and better-designed study to be thoroughly understood and allow a more conscious use of tannins for human health.
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Zhang H, Zhang B, Chen C, Chen J. Circular RNA circLIFR regulates the proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of human vascular smooth muscle cells via the miR-1299/KDR axis. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:253-263. [PMID: 34705228 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a critical role in the development of intracranial aneurysm (IA). Here, we explored the detailed role and mechanism of circular RNA (circRNA) LIF receptor subunit alpha (circLIFR, circ_0072309) in human umbilical artery smooth muscle cells (HUASMCs). CircLIFR, microRNA (miR)-1299 and kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) expression levels were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot assays. Cell proliferation was assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-Ethynyl-2'-Deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. Cell migration was gauged by wound-healing and transwell assays. Cell invasion and apoptosis were detected by transwell assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Direct relationship between miR-1299 and circLIFR or KDR was verified by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. CircLIFR and KDR were down-regulated and miR-1299 was up-regulated in the artery wall tissues and ASMCs of IA patients. Enforced expression of circLIFR enhanced HUASMC proliferation, migration, invasion, and impeded apoptosis. Mechanistically, circLIFR directly targeted miR-1299, and miR-1299 was a downstream mediator of circLIFR in regulating the proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of HUASMCs. KDR was identified as a direct and functional target of miR-1299 in HUASMCs. Furthermore, circLIFR was a post-transcriptional regulator of KDR expression through miR-1299. Our findings suggest that circLIFR, an underexpressed circRNA in IA, can regulate the proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of HUASMCs depending on the miR-1299/KDR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Tongling Vocational and Technical College, No. 2689, Cuihu 4th Road, Tongguanshan District, Tongling City, 244000, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Stroke Center, Tongling People's Hospital, Tongling, Anhui, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Tongling People's Hospital, Tongling, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Stroke Center, Tongling People's Hospital, Tongling, Anhui, China
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15
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Yu J, Li W, Zhao L, Qiao Y, Yu J, Huang Q, Yang Y, Xiao X, Guo D. Quyu Shengxin capsule (QSC) inhibits Ang-II-induced abnormal proliferation of VSMCs by down-regulating TGF-β, VEGF, mTOR and JAK-STAT pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114112. [PMID: 33905820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Quyu Shengxin capsule (QSC) is an herbal compound commonly used to treat blood stasis syndrome in China, and blood stasis syndrome is considered to be the root of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the potential molecular mechanism of QSC is still unknown. AIM OF STUDY To study the therapeutic effect of QSC on the abnormal proliferation of VSMCs induced by Ang-II, and to explore its possible mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Qualitative analysis and quality control of QSC through UPLC-MS/MS and UPLC. The rat thoracic aorta vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were cultured in vitro, and then stimulated with Angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang-II) (10-7 mol/L) for 24 h to establish a cardiovascular cell model. The cells were then treated with different concentrations of QSC drug-containing serum or normal goat serum. MTT assay was used to detect the viability of VSMCs and abnormal cell proliferation. In order to analyze the possible signal transduction pathways, the content of various factors in the supernatant of VSMCs was screened and determined by means of the Luminex liquid suspension chip detection platform, and the phosphoprotein profile in VSMCs was screened by Phospho Explorer antibody array. RESULTS Compared with the model group, serum cell viability and inflammatory factor levels with QSC were significantly decreased (P < 0.001). In addition, the expression levels of TGF-β, VEGF, mTOR and JAK-STAT in the QSC-containing serum treatment group were significantly lower than those in the model group. QSC may regulate the pathological process of CVD by reducing the levels of inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and protecting VSMCs from the abnormal proliferation induced by Ang-II. CONCLUSION QSC inhibits Ang-II-induced abnormal proliferation of VSMCs, which is related to the down-regulation of TGF-β, VEGF, mTOR and JAK-STAT pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.
| | - Lintao Zhao
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yuan Qiao
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jiabao Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yajie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xin Xiao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Dong Guo
- Shaanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, PR China.
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Wang T, Xie L, Bi H, Li Y, Li Y, Zhao J. Urantide alleviates the symptoms of atherosclerotic rats in vivo and in vitro models through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 902:174037. [PMID: 33891969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of human death, and its occurrence and development are related to the urotensin II (UII) and UII receptor (UT) system and the biological function of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). During atherosclerosis, impaired biological function VSMCs may promote atherosclerotic plaque formation. The Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway is an important mediator of signal transduction; however, the role of this signaling pathway in atherosclerosis and VSMCs remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of urantide on the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in atherosclerosis. We examined the effect of urantide on the UII/UT system and the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in a high fat diet induced atherosclerosis rat model and studied the effect and mechanism of urantide on the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs. We found that the UII/UT system and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway were highly activated in the thoracic aorta in atherosclerotic rats and in ox-LDL- and UII-induced VSMCs. After urantide treatment, the pathological changes in atherosclerotic rats were effectively improved, and the activities of the UII/UT system and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway were inhibited. Moreover, urantide effectively inhibited proliferation and migration and reversed the phenotypic transformation of VSMCs. These results demonstrated that urantide may control the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway by antagonizing the UII/UT system, thereby maintaining the biological function of VSMCs and potentially preventing and curing atherosclerosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/chemically induced
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Janus Kinase 2/genetics
- Janus Kinase 2/metabolism
- Lipoproteins, LDL/toxicity
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Peptide Fragments/therapeutic use
- Primary Cell Culture
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/drug effects
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Urotensins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Urotensins/metabolism
- Urotensins/pharmacology
- Urotensins/therapeutic use
- Urotensins/toxicity
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Lide Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Hongdong Bi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei, 067000, China.
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17
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The Role of JAK/STAT Molecular Pathway in Vascular Remodeling Associated with Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094980. [PMID: 34067108 PMCID: PMC8124199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension is defined as a group of diseases characterized by a progressive increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), which leads to right ventricular failure and premature death. There are multiple clinical manifestations that can be grouped into five different types. Pulmonary artery remodeling is a common feature in pulmonary hypertension (PH) characterized by endothelial dysfunction and smooth muscle pulmonary artery cell proliferation. The current treatments for PH are limited to vasodilatory agents that do not stop the progression of the disease. Therefore, there is a need for new agents that inhibit pulmonary artery remodeling targeting the main genetic, molecular, and cellular processes involved in PH. Chronic inflammation contributes to pulmonary artery remodeling and PH, among other vascular disorders, and many inflammatory mediators signal through the JAK/STAT pathway. Recent evidence indicates that the JAK/STAT pathway is overactivated in the pulmonary arteries of patients with PH of different types. In addition, different profibrotic cytokines such as IL-6, IL-13, and IL-11 and growth factors such as PDGF, VEGF, and TGFβ1 are activators of the JAK/STAT pathway and inducers of pulmonary remodeling, thus participating in the development of PH. The understanding of the participation and modulation of the JAK/STAT pathway in PH could be an attractive strategy for developing future treatments. There have been no studies to date focused on the JAK/STAT pathway and PH. In this review, we focus on the analysis of the expression and distribution of different JAK/STAT isoforms in the pulmonary arteries of patients with different types of PH. Furthermore, molecular canonical and noncanonical JAK/STAT pathway transactivation will be discussed in the context of vascular remodeling and PH. The consequences of JAK/STAT activation for endothelial cells and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells’ proliferation, migration, senescence, and transformation into mesenchymal/myofibroblast cells will be described and discussed, together with different promising drugs targeting the JAK/STAT pathway in vitro and in vivo.
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18
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MiR-377-3p inhibits atherosclerosis-associated vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via targeting neuropilin2. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:223827. [PMID: 32373927 PMCID: PMC7295640 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration are vital to atherosclerosis (AS) development and plaque rupture. MicroRNA-377-3p (miR-377-3p) has been reported to inhibit AS in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/−) mice. Herein, the mechanism underlying the effect of miR-377-3p on alleviating AS is explored. In vivo experiments, ApoE−/− mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) to induce AS and treated with miR-377-3p agomir or negative control agomir (agomir-NC) on week 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 after HFD feeding. MiR-377-3p was found to restore HFD-induced AS lesions and expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, α-smooth muscle actin (α-actin) and calponin. In in vitro experiments, human VSMCs were tranfected with miR-377-3p agomir or agomir-NC, followed by treatment with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). MiR-377-3p was observed to significantly inhibit ox-LDL-induced VSMC proliferation characterized by inhibited cell viability, expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1 and cyclin E and cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase accompanied with less 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU)-positive cells. Furthermore, MiR-377-3p significantly inhibited ox-LDL-induced VSMC migration characterized by inhibited wound closure and decreased relative VSMC migration. Besides, neuropilin2 (NRP2) was verified as a target of miR-377-3p. MiR-377-3p was observed to inhibit NRP2 expressions in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, miR-377-3p significantly inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions in human VSMCs. Additionally, miR-377-3p-induced inhibition of VSMC proliferation and migration could be attenuated by NRP2 overexpression. These results indicated that miR-377-3p inhibited VSMC proliferation and migration via targeting NRP2. The present study provides an underlying mechanism for miR-377-3p-based AS therapy.
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19
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Yerabolu D, Weiss A, Kojonazarov B, Boehm M, Schlueter BC, Ruppert C, Günther A, Jonigk D, Grimminger F, Ghofrani HA, Seeger W, Weissmann N, Schermuly RT. Targeting Jak-Stat Signaling in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:100-114. [PMID: 33052714 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0431oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), progressive structural remodeling accounts for the pulmonary vasculopathy including the obliteration of the lung vasculature that causes an increase in vascular resistance and mean blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries ultimately leading to right heart failure-mediated death. Deciphering the molecular details of aberrant signaling of pulmonary vascular cells in PAH is fundamental for the development of new therapeutic strategies. We aimed to identify kinases as new potential drug targets that are dysregulated in PAH by means of a peptide-based kinase activity assay. We performed a tyrosine kinase-dependent phosphorylation assay using 144 selected microarrayed substrate peptides. The differential signature of phosphopeptides was used to predict alterations in tyrosine kinase activities in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) from patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH) compared with healthy control cells. Thereby, we observed an overactivation and an increased expression of Jak2 (Janus kinase 2) in HPASMCs from patients with IPAH as compared with controls. In vitro, IL-6-induced proliferation and migration of HPASMCs from healthy individuals as well as from patients with IPAH were reduced in a dose-dependent manner by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved Jak1 and Jak2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. In vivo, ruxolitinib therapy in two experimental models of pulmonary arterial hypertension dose-dependently attenuated the elevation in pulmonary arterial pressure, partially reduced right ventricular hypertrophy, and almost completely restored cardiac index without signs of adverse events on cardiac function. Therefore, we propose that ruxolitinib may present a novel therapeutic option for patients with PAH by reducing pulmonary vascular remodeling through effectively blocking Jak2-Stat3 (signal transducer of activators of transcription)-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Yerabolu
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Astrid Weiss
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Baktybek Kojonazarov
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mario Boehm
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Beate Christiane Schlueter
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center Giessen Biobank, Part of the German Center for Lung Research Biobank, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center Giessen Biobank, Part of the German Center for Lung Research Biobank, Giessen, Germany.,Agaplesion Lung Clinic Waldhof-Elgershausen, Greifenstein, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hossein-Ardeschir Ghofrani
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health, Giessen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health, Giessen, Germany
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Proanthocyanidins Should Be a Candidate in the Treatment of Cancer, Cardiovascular Diseases and Lipid Metabolic Disorder. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245971. [PMID: 33339407 PMCID: PMC7766935 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional view of using medicines as routine treatment of an intractable disease is being challenged in the face of extensive and growing evidence that flavonoids in foods, especially proanthocyanidins (PAs), can participate in tackling fatal diseases like cancer, cardiovascular and lipid metabolic diseases, both as a precautionary measure or as a dietary treatment. Although medical treatment with medicines will remain necessary in some cases, at least in the short term, PAs’ function as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory drugs, signal pathway regulators remain critical in many diseases. This review article demonstrates the physical and biological properties of PAs, summarizes the health benefits of PAs found by researchers previously, and shows the possibility and importance of being a dietary treatment substance.
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21
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Shen Y, Sun Z, Mao S, Zhang Y, Jiang W, Wang H. IRF-1 contributes to the pathological phenotype of VSMCs during atherogenesis by increasing CCL19 transcription. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 13:933-943. [PMID: 33424012 PMCID: PMC7835033 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly involves the large and middle arteries, but the specific mechanism is not precise. Chemokine ligand 19 (CCL19) has been reported highly expressed in peripheral blood of patients with atherosclerosis, but its role lacks explicit data. By ELISA assay and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis, we found that the CCL19 was significantly up-regulated in AS. Therefore, we tried to clarify whether CCL19 expression was related to the progression of AS. QRT-PCR and western blot demonstrated that overexpression of CCL19 promoted the secretion of inflammatory factors and the deposition of the extracellular matrix, and facilitated the proliferation and migration of VSMCS. Besides, knockdown of CCL19 reduced the inflammation, collagen secretion, proliferation and migration of VSMCS induced by PGDF-BB. The results of database analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase assay showed that interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) activated the expression of CCL19 at the transcriptional level. Importantly, silencing IRF-1 inhibited atherosclerosis in high-fat-fed mice, inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMCS, and down-regulated the expression of CCL19. Summing up, the results demonstrated that IRF-1 contributed to the pathological phenotype of VSMCs during atherogenesis by increasing CCL19 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Shen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Zhanfeng Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Shuran Mao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yingnan Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Weiliang Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
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22
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Zeng YX, Wang S, Wei L, Cui YY, Chen YH. Proanthocyanidins: Components, Pharmacokinetics and Biomedical Properties. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:813-869. [PMID: 32536248 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2050041x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a group of polyphenols enriched in plant and human food. In recent decades, epidemiological studies have upheld the direct relationship between PA consumption and health benefits; therefore, studies on PAs have become a research hotspot. Although the oral bioavailability of PAs is quite low, pharmacokinetics data revealed that some small molecules and colonic microbial metabolites of PAs could be absorbed and exert their health beneficial effects. The pharmacological effects of PAs mainly include anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, and metabolism-regulation behaviors. Moreover, current toxicological studies show that PAs have no observable toxicity to humans. This review summarizes the resources, extraction, structures, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, and toxicology of PAs and discusses the limitations of current studies. Areas for further research are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xi Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Yu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education (Tongji University), Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Heart Health Centre, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.,Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Han Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education (Tongji University), Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Heart Health Centre, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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Hu J, Pi S, Xiong M, Liu Z, Huang X, An R, Zhang T, Yuan B. WD Repeat Domain 1 Deficiency Inhibits Neointima Formation in Mice Carotid Artery by Modulation of Smooth Muscle Cell Migration and Proliferation. Mol Cells 2020; 43:749-762. [PMID: 32868491 PMCID: PMC7468582 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The migration, dedifferentiation, and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are responsible for intimal hyperplasia, but the mechanism of this process has not been elucidated. WD repeat domain 1 (WDR1) promotes actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin-mediated depolymerization of actin filaments (F-actin). The role of WDR1 in neointima formation and progression is still unknown. A model of intimal thickening was constructed by ligating the left common carotid artery in Wdr1 deletion mice, and H&E staining showed that Wdr1 deficiency significantly inhibits neointima formation. We also report that STAT3 promotes the proliferation and migration of VSMCs by directly promoting WDR1 transcription. Mechanistically, we clarified that WDR1 promotes the proliferation and migration of VSMCs and neointima formation is regulated by the activation of the JAK2/STAT3/WDR1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiSheng Hu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 43008, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - ShangJing Pi
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 43008, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - MingRui Xiong
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 43008, China
| | - ZhongYing Liu
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 43008, China
| | - Xia Huang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 43008, China
| | - Ran An
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 43008, China
| | - TongCun Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 43008, China
| | - BaiYin Yuan
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei 43008, China
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Song HT, Cui Y, Zhang LL, Cao G, Li L, Li G, Jia XJ. Ruxolitinib attenuates intimal hyperplasia via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway activation induced by PDGF-BB in vascular smooth muscle cells. Microvasc Res 2020; 132:104060. [PMID: 32818511 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are associated with proliferation and phenotypic switch. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is a major initiating factor for proliferative vascular diseases, such as neointimal lesion formation, restenosis after angioplasty, and atherosclerosis. Ruxolitinib, a potent Janus kinase (JAK) 1 and 2 inhibitor, has been reported to significantly block the proliferation-related signaling pathway of JAK2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) and harbor a broad spectrum of anti-cancer activities, including proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction, and anti-inflammation. However, the role of ruxolitinib in regulating PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation remains to be elucidated. Thus, this study investigates the role of ruxolitinib in regulating PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS In vivo, the medial thickness of the carotid artery was evaluated using a mouse carotid ligation model, ruxolitinib was administered orally to the mice every other day, and the mice were euthanized on day 28 to evaluate the therapeutic effects of ruxolitinib. Cell proliferation markers were measured using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. In vitro, VSMCs were treated with ruxolitinib with or without PDGF-BB at an indicated time and concentration. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, MTS assays and flow cytometry. The JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway involved in the effects of ruxolitinib on VSMCs was detected by western blotting with the specific pathway inhibitor AG490. RESULTS In vivo, ruxolitinib significantly decreased the ratio-of-intima ratio (I/M ratio) by inhibiting the expression of PCNA and cyclinD1 (p <0.05). In vitro, ruxolitinib inhibited PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation compared with the PDGF-BB treatment group (p <0.05). In addition, ruxolitinib inhibited the PDGF-BB-induced activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and decreased the expression of proliferation related-proteins cyclinD1 and PCNA in VSMCs (p <0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ruxolitinib inhibits VSMC proliferation in vivo and in vitro by suppressing the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Therefore, ruxolitinib has a therapeutic potential for proliferative vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Song
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuan Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Academy of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- Department of Endocrine, The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guang Cao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Administrative Office, District Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jizhou, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin-Ju Jia
- Department of Endocrine, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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MiR-135a-5p inhibits vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration by inactivating FOXO1 and JAK2 signaling pathway. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 224:153091. [PMID: 34174548 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.153091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is reportedly demonstrated that miR-135a-5p plays a critical role in cancer cells, macrophages, and endothelia cells. However, little is known concerning the function of miR-135a-5p in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and atherosclerosis (AS). METHODS Human VSMCs and male C57BL/6 mice were used for establishing AS cell models and animal models. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expressions of miR-135a-5p, forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) mRNA, and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) mRNA. CCK-8, BrdU, and Transwell assays were used to detect cell migration and proliferation. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed using flow cytometry. The interactions among miR-135a-5p, FOXO1 and JAK2 were validated employing Western blot, qRT-PCR and Luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS The expression of miR-135a-5p was significantly decreased in serum samples of AS patients, VSMCs treated with ox-LDL and AS mice models. The overexpression of miR-135a-5p induced VSMCs cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibited proliferation and migration. Further experiments confirmed that miR-135a-5p could target and repress FOXO1/CyclinD1 and JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Additionally, the associations among miR-135a-5p, FOXO1/Cyclin D1 and JAK2/STAT3 were validated using animal models. CONCLUSION MiR-135a-5p suppresses VSMCs proliferation and migration induced by ox-LDL via targeting and activating FOXO1/Cyclin D1 and JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathways.
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26
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Poria cocos polysaccharides attenuated ox-LDL-induced inflammation and oxidative stress via ERK activated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and inhibited foam cell formation in VSMCs. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Fatahian A, Haftcheshmeh SM, Azhdari S, Farshchi HK, Nikfar B, Momtazi-Borojeni AA. Promising Anti-atherosclerotic Effect of Berberine: Evidence from In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Studies. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:83-110. [PMID: 32789786 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of plasma cholesterol, impaired vascular wall, and presence of inflammatory macrophages are important atherogenic risk factors contributing to atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression. The interventions modulating these risk factors have been found to protect against atherosclerosis development and to decrease atherosclerosis-related cardiovascular disorders. Nutritional approaches involving supplements followed by improving dietary habits and lifestyle have become growingly attractive and acceptable methods used to control atherosclerosis risk factors, mainly high levels of plasma cholesterol. There are a large number of studies that show berberine, a plant bioactive compound, could ameliorate atherosclerosis-related risk factors. In the present literature review, we put together this studies and provide integrated evidence that exhibits berberine has the potential atheroprotective effect through reducing increased levels of plasma cholesterol, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDL-C) via LDL receptor (LDLR)-dependent and LDL receptor-independent mechanisms, inhibiting migration and inflammatory activity of macrophages, improving the functionality of endothelial cells via anti-oxidant activities, and suppressing proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, berberine can exert inhibitory effects on the atherosclerotic plaque development mainly through LDL-lowering activity and suppressing atherogenic functions of mentioned cells. As the second achievement of this review, among the signaling pathways through which berberine regulates intracellular processes, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has a central and critical role, showing that enhancing activity of AMPK pathway can be considered as a promising therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Fatahian
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Sara Azhdari
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Helaleh Kaboli Farshchi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Nikfar
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- Halal research center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Xiang DN, Feng YF, Wang J, Zhang X, Shen JJ, Zou R, Yuan YZ. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB promotes proliferation and migration of retinal microvascular pericytes by up-regulating the expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor types 4. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:4022-4030. [PMID: 31611940 PMCID: PMC6781788 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived growth factor (SDF)-1α acts as a ligand to C-X-C chemokine receptors 4 (CXCR4) and 7 (CXCR7), which are involved in the formation of choroidal neovascularization. Previous studies have demonstrated crosstalk between the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB/PDGF receptor (PDGFR)-β and SDF-1α/CXCR4 axes during tumor neovascularization by increasing the recruitment of pericytes. However, the effects of interactions between these two signaling pathways in retinal microvascular pericytes remain poorly understood. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were used to measure CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression in PDGF-BB-treated pericytes, whilst Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell migration assays were used to investigate cell viability and migration following PDGF-BB pretreatment on SDF-1α-treated pericytes. Exogenous PDGF-BB enhanced CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression through PDGFR-β in a dose- and time-dependent manners. In addition, PDGF-BB increased cell viability and migration in SDF-1α-treated pericytes, which were inhibited by AMD3100 and niclosamide, inhibitors for CXCR4 and STAT3 respectively. Crosstalk between PDGF-BB/PDGFR-β and SDF-1α/CXCR4/CXCR7 were involved in the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. PDGF-BB treatment enhanced CXCR4, CXCR7 and PDGFR-βexpression, which may be associated with the phosphorylation of STAT3. siRNA-PDGFR-β transfection reduced CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression in pericytes. Therefore, PDGF-BB directly targets PDGFR-β and serves an important role in regulating CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression, ultimately affecting viability and migration in SDF-1α-treated pericytes. Therefore, targeting CXCR4/CXCR7 may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for fundus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ni Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fan Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Yue Y, Lv W, Zhang L, Kang W. MiR-147b influences vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via targeting YY1 and modulating Wnt/β-catenin activities. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:905-913. [PMID: 30060075 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been found to be associated with cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In the present study, we examined the role of miR-147b in the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to determine the expression levels of miR-147b and Yin Yang 1 (YY1) mRNA. CCK-8, transwell migration and wound healing assays were used to determine cell proliferation and migration of VSMCs, respectively. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed the downstream target of miR-147b. The protein level of YY1 was measured by western blot analysis. Platelet-derived growth factor-bb (PDGF-bb) treatment promoted cell proliferation and increased miR-147b expression in VSMCs. Overexpression of miR-147b enhanced cell proliferation and migration of VSMCs, while knock-down of miR-147b suppressed cell proliferation and migration of VSMCs or PDGF-bb-treated VSMCs. Further, bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay showed that YY1 was a downstream target of miR-147b, and miR-147b negatively regulated the mRNA and protein expression of YY1 in VSMCs. Overexpression of YY1 inhibited cell proliferation and migration of VSMCs and attenuated the effects of miR-147b overexpression on cell proliferation and migration. In addition, overexpression of miR-147b increased the Wnt/β-catenin signaling activities in VSMCs. In conclusion, our results suggest that miR-147b plays important roles in the control of cell proliferation and migration of VSMCs possibly via targeting YY1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulun Yue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Baoji Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenyan Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Baoji Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Baoji Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Kang
- Xi'an Tianbo Medical Laboratory, Xi'an, China
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