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Yan C, Li C, Jiang M, Xu Y, Zhang S, Hu X, Chen Y, Lu S. Systematic characterization of gene families and functional analysis of PvRAS3 and PvRAS4 involved in rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in Prunella vulgaris. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1374912. [PMID: 38751843 PMCID: PMC11094360 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1374912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Prunella vulgaris is an important material for Chinese medicines with rosmarinic acid (RA) as its index component. Based on the chromosome-level genome assembly we obtained recently, 51 RA biosynthesis-related genes were identified. Sequence feature, gene expression pattern and phylogenetic relationship analyses showed that 17 of them could be involved in RA biosynthesis. In vitro enzymatic assay showed that PvRAS3 catalyzed the condensation of p-coumaroyl-CoA and caffeoyl-CoA with pHPL and DHPL. Its affinity toward p-coumaroyl-CoA was higher than caffeoyl-CoA. PvRAS4 catalyzed the condensation of p-coumaroyl-CoA with pHPL and DHPL. Its affinity toward p-coumaroyl-CoA was lower than PvRAS3. UPLC and LC-MS/MS analyses showed the existence of RA, 4-coumaroyl-3',4'-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, 4-coumaroyl-4'-hydroxyphenyllactic acid and caffeoyl-4'-hydroxyphenyllactic acid in P. vulgaris. Generation and analysis of pvras3 homozygous mutants showed significant decrease of RA, 4-coumaroyl-3',4'-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, 4-coumaroyl-4'-hydroxyphenyllactic acid and caffeoyl-4'-hydroxyphenyllactic acid and significant increase of DHPL and pHPL. It suggests that PvRAS3 is the main enzyme catalyzing the condensation of acyl donors and acceptors during RA biosynthesis. The role of PvRAS4 appears minor. The results provide significant information for quality control of P. vulgaris medicinal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Caili Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Maochang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yayun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sixuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangling Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanfa Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resource, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Azhar MK, Anwar S, Hasan GM, Shamsi A, Islam A, Parvez S, Hassan MI. Comprehensive Insights into Biological Roles of Rosmarinic Acid: Implications in Diabetes, Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:4297. [PMID: 37836581 PMCID: PMC10574478 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are abundantly occurring natural compounds extracted from plant sources. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an abundant phytochemical of Lamiaceae species with various therapeutic implications for human health. In recent years, natural compounds have gained significant attention as adjuvant and complementary therapies to existing medications for various diseases. RA has gained popularity due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and its roles in various life-threatening conditions, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes, etc. The present review aims to offer a comprehensive insight into the multifaceted therapeutic properties of RA, including its potential as an anticancer agent, neuroprotective effects, and antidiabetic potential. Based on the available evidences, RA could be considered a potential dietary component for treating various diseases, including cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Khabeer Azhar
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India;
| | - Saleha Anwar
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 364, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (A.I.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India; (A.I.); (M.I.H.)
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Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Jiang C, Chen Y, Tong F, Yang X, Wang Y, Xia X, Gao H. Rosmarinic Acid-Crosslinked Supramolecular Nanoassembly with Self-Regulated Photodynamic and Anti-Metastasis Properties for Synergistic Photoimmunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300594. [PMID: 36755191 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A primary concern about photodynamic therapy (PDT) is its inability to regulate the generation levels of reactive oxidative species (ROS) based on the complex microenvironment, resulting in the impairment toward normal tissues and immunosuppression. Besides, tumor metastasis also compromises PDT's efficacy and drives mortality. However, it is very challenging to achieve such two goals within one nanosystem. Here, the nanoassembly (CPR) with self-regulated photodynamic and antimetastasis properties comprises three parts: chlorin e6-conjugated β-cyclodextrin (CD-Ce6) acts as the main PDT agent and ferrocene (Fc)-terminated phenylboronic acid-containing conjugates entering into the cavity of CD-Ce6, as well as rosmarinic acid (RA)-boronic acid crosslinked shell. Compared with non-crosslinked counterpart, CPR displays better stability and enhanced tumor accumulation. Under laser irradiation, CPR generates plenty of ROS to damage tumor cells and induce immunogenic cell death. Mildly acidic TME partly cleaves the crosslinkers to dissociate antioxidant RAs from micelles, which together with Fc in CPR scavenge PDT-induced ROS in the TME. By contrast, under acidic lysosomal conditions, Fc catalyzes abundant H2 O2 in tumor cells to produce highly cytotoxic •OH, while RA continuously reduces ferroptosis-generated Fc+ into Fc, both to augment the PDT efficacy in tumor cells. CPR also remarkably hinders the epithelial-mesenchymal transition to prevent the lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Chaoqing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Fan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yazhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, P. R. China
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Malekipour MH, Shirani F, Moradi S, Taherkhani A. Cinnamic acid derivatives as potential matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitors: molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e9. [PMID: 37037467 PMCID: PMC10085732 DOI: 10.5808/gi.22077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a zinc and calcium-dependent proteolytic enzyme involved in extracellular matrix degradation. Overexpression of MMP-9 has been confirmed in several disorders, including cancers, Alzheimer′s disease, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and dental caries. Therefore, MMP-9 inhibition is recommended as a therapeutic strategy for combating various diseases. Cinnamic acid derivatives have shown therapeutic effects in different cancers, Alzheimer′s disease, cardiovascular diseases, and dental caries. A computational drug discovery approach was performed to evaluate the binding affinity of selected cinnamic acid derivatives to the MMP-9 active site. The stability of docked poses for top-ranked compounds was also examined. Twelve herbal cinnamic acid derivatives were tested for possible MMP-9 inhibition using the AutoDock 4.0 tool. The stability of the docked poses for the most potent MMP-9 inhibitors was assessed by molecular dynamics (MD) in 10 nanosecond simulations. Interactions between the best MMP-9 inhibitors in this study and residues incorporated in the MMP-9 active site were studied before and after MD simulations. Cynarin, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid revealed a considerable binding affinity to the MMP-9 catalytic domain (ΔGbinding < -10 kcal/mol). The inhibition constant value for cynarin and chlorogenic acid were calculated at the picomolar scale and assigned as the most potent MMP-9 inhibitor from the cinnamic acid derivatives. The root-mean-square deviations for cynarin and chlorogenic acid were below 2 Å in the 10 ns simulation. Cynarin, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid might be considered drug candidates for MMP-9 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hossein Malekipour
- Dental Students Research Center, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shirani
- Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Shadi Moradi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838678, Iran
- Corresponding author E-mail:
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Teng Y, Huang Y, Danfeng X, Tao X, Fan Y. The Role of Probiotics in Skin Photoaging and Related Mechanisms: A Review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:2455-2464. [PMID: 36420112 PMCID: PMC9677255 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s388954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the primary pathogenetic factor in skin photoaging. It can disrupt cellular homeostasis by damaging DNA, inducing an inflammatory cascade, immunosuppression, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, resulting in a variety of dermatologic conditions. The skin microbiome plays an important role in the homeostasis and maintenance of healthy skin. Emerging evidence has indicated that highly diverse gut microbiome may also have an impact on the skin health, referred to as the gut-skin axis (GSA). Oral and topical probiotics through modulating the skin microbiome and gut-skin microbial interactions could serve as potential management to prevent and treat the skin photoaging by multiple pathways including reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting ECM remodeling, inhibiting the inflammatory cascade reaction, and maintaining immune homeostasis. In this review, the effects of oral and topical probiotics in skin photoaging and related mechanisms are both described systematically and comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Teng
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youming Huang
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Danfeng
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Tao
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibin Fan
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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Zhao J, Xu L, Jin D, Xin Y, Tian L, Wang T, Zhao D, Wang Z, Wang J. Rosmarinic Acid and Related Dietary Supplements: Potential Applications in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101410. [PMID: 36291619 PMCID: PMC9599057 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer constitutes a severe threat to human health and quality of life and is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Natural dietary products have drawn substantial attention in cancer treatment and prevention due to their availability and absence of toxicity. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is known for its excellent antioxidant properties and is safe and effective in preventing and inhibiting tumors. This review summarizes recent publications on culture techniques, extraction processes, and anti-tumor applications of RA-enriched dietary supplements. We discuss techniques to improve RA bioavailability and provide a mechanistic discussion of RA regarding tumor prevention, treatment, and adjuvant therapy. RA exhibits anticancer activity by regulating oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and metastasis. These data suggest that daily use of RA-enriched dietary supplements can contribute to tumor prevention and treatment. RA has the potential for application in anti-tumor drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Zhao
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Liwei Xu
- Department of Respirology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Di Jin
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yu Xin
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Respirology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tan Wang
- Department of Respirology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Respirology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (J.W.)
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Vieira C, Rebocho S, Craveiro R, Paiva A, Duarte ARC. Selective extraction and stabilization of bioactive compounds from rosemary leaves using a biphasic NADES. Front Chem 2022; 10:954835. [PMID: 36034659 PMCID: PMC9412766 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.954835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a natural source of bioactive compounds that have high antioxidant activity. It has been in use as a medicinal herb since ancient times, and it currently is in widespread use due to its inherent pharmacological and therapeutic potential, in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. Natural deep eutectic systems (NADESs) have recently been considered as suitable extraction solvents for bioactive compounds, with high solvent power, low toxicity, biodegradability, and low environmental impact. The present work concerns the extraction of compounds such as rosmarinic acid, carnosol, carnosic acid, and caffeic acid, from rosemary using NADESs. This extraction was carried out using heat and stirring (HS) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). A NADES composed of menthol and lauric acid at a molar ratio of 2:1 (Me:Lau) extracted carnosic acid and carnosol preferentially, showing that this NADES exhibits selectivity for nonpolar compounds. On the other hand, a system of lactic acid and glucose (LA:Glu (5:1)) extracted preferentially rosmaniric acid, which is a more polar compound. Taking advantage of the different polarities of these NADESs, a simultaneous extraction was carried out, where the two NADESs form a biphasic system. The system LA:Glu (5:1)/Men:Lau (2:1) presented the most promising results, reaching 1.00 ± 0.12 mg of rosmarinic acid/g rosemary and 0.26 ± 0.04 mg caffeic acid/g rosemary in the more polar phase and 2.30 ± 0.18 mg of carnosol/g of rosemary and 17.54 ± 1.88 mg carnosic acid/g rosemary in the nonpolar phase. This work reveals that is possible to use two different systems at the same time and extract different compounds in a single-step process under the same conditions. NADESs are also reported to stabilize bioactive compounds, due to their interactions established with NADES components. To determine the stability of the extracts over time, the compounds of interest were quantified by HPLC at different time points. This allows the conclusion that bioactive compounds from rosemary were stable in NADESs for long periods of time; in particular, carnosic acid presented a decrease of only 25% in its antioxidant activity after 3 months, whereas the carnosic acid extracted and kept in the methanol was no longer detected after 15 days. The stabilizing ability of NADESs to extract phenolic/bioactive compounds shows a great promise for future industrial applications.
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p-Coumaric acid, Kaempferol, Astragalin and Tiliroside Influence the Expression of Glycoforms in AGS Gastric Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158602. [PMID: 35955735 PMCID: PMC9369150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal glycosylation of cancer cells is considered a key factor of carcinogenesis related to growth, proliferation, migration and invasion of tumor cells. Many plant-based polyphenolic compounds reveal potential anti-cancer properties effecting cellular signaling systems. Herein, we assessed the effects of phenolic acid, p-coumaric acid and flavonoids such as kaempferol, astragalin or tiliroside on expression of selected cancer-related glycoforms and enzymes involved in their formation in AGS gastric cancer cells. The cells were treated with 80 and 160 µM of the compounds. RT-PCR, Western blotting and ELISA tests were performed to determine the influence of polyphenolics on analyzed factors. All the examined compounds inhibited the expression of MUC1, ST6GalNAcT2 and FUT4 mRNAs. C1GalT1, St3Gal-IV and FUT4 proteins as well as MUC1 domain, Tn and sialyl T antigen detected in cell lysates were also lowered. Both concentrations of kaempferol, astragalin and tiliroside also suppressed ppGalNAcT2 and C1GalT1 mRNAs. MUC1 cytoplasmic domain, sialyl Tn, T antigens in cell lysates and sialyl T in culture medium were inhibited only by kaempferol and tiliroside. Nuclear factor NF-κB mRNA expression decreased after treatment with both concentrations of kaempferol, astragalin and tiliroside. NF-κB protein expression was inhibited by kaempferol and tiliroside. The results indicate the rationality of application of examined polyphenolics as potential preventive agents against gastric cancer development.
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Noor S, Mohammad T, Rub MA, Raza A, Azum N, Yadav DK, Hassan MI, Asiri AM. Biomedical features and therapeutic potential of rosmarinic acid. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:205-228. [PMID: 35391712 PMCID: PMC8989115 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For decades, the use of secondary metabolites of various herbs has been an attractive strategy in combating human diseases. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a bioactive phenolic compound commonly found in plants of Lamiaceae and Boraginaceae families. RA is biosynthesized using amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine via enzyme-catalyzed reactions. However, the chemical synthesis of RA involves an esterification reaction between caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl lactic acid contributing two phenolic rings to the structure of RA. Several studies have ascertained multiple therapeutic benefits of RA in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, inflammatory disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and liver diseases. Many previous scientific papers indicate that RA can be used as an anti-plasmodic, anti-viral and anti-bacterial drug. In addition, due to its high anti-oxidant capacity, this natural polyphenol has recently gained attention for its possible application as a nutraceutical compound in the food industry. Here we provide state-of-the-art, flexible therapeutic potential and biomedical features of RA, its implications and multiple uses. Along with various valuable applications in safeguarding human health, this review further summarizes the therapeutic advantages of RA in various human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the challenges associated with the clinical applicability of RA have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Noor
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Malik Abdul Rub
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naved Azum
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsugu, Incheon, 21924, Korea.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Lešnik S, Bren U. Mechanistic Insights into Biological Activities of Polyphenolic Compounds from Rosemary Obtained by Inverse Molecular Docking. Foods 2021; 11:67. [PMID: 35010191 PMCID: PMC8750736 DOI: 10.3390/foods11010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) represents a medicinal plant known for its various health-promoting properties. Its extracts and essential oils exhibit antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antimicrobial activities. The main compounds responsible for these effects are the diterpenes carnosic acid, carnosol, and rosmanol, as well as the phenolic acid ester rosmarinic acid. However, surprisingly little is known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for the pharmacological activities of rosemary and its compounds. To discern these mechanisms, we performed a large-scale inverse molecular docking study to identify their potential protein targets. Listed compounds were separately docked into predicted binding sites of all non-redundant holo proteins from the Protein Data Bank and those with the top scores were further examined. We focused on proteins directly related to human health, including human and mammalian proteins as well as proteins from pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The observed interactions of rosemary compounds indeed confirm the beforementioned activities, whereas we also identified their potential for anticoagulant and antiparasitic actions. The obtained results were carefully checked against the existing experimental findings from the scientific literature as well as further validated using both redocking procedures and retrospective metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Lešnik
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Urban Bren
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Thermodynamics, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Glagoljaška 8, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia
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Radziejewska I, Supruniuk K, Czarnomysy R, Buzun K, Bielawska A. Anti-Cancer Potential of Afzelin towards AGS Gastric Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:973. [PMID: 34681197 PMCID: PMC8539446 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Afzelin demonstrates anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Our purpose was to assess its influence on apoptosis, Bax, caspases, MUC1, cancer-related carbohydrate antigens, enzymes participating in their formation, and galectin-3 in AGS gastric cancer cells. A total of 60 and 120 μM afzelin was used in all experiments. Flow cytometry was applied to determine apoptotic response. Western blotting and RT PCR were used to detect the expression of mentioned factors. Flavonoid at higher concentration revealed slight apoptotic respond. Bax, caspase-3, -8, -9 increased upon afzelin action. Stimulatory effect of the flavonoid on MUC1 cytoplasmic tail and extracellular domain in cell lysates and on MUC1 gene was revealed. MUC1 release into the culture medium was inhibited by the flavonoid. The 60 μM afzelin dose stimulated GalNAcTL5 protein expression and inhibited C1GalT1. ST6GalNAcT mRNA was inhibited by both flavonoid doses. ST3GalT was inhibited by 120 μM afzelin on protein and mRNA level. Lewisa/b protein was reduced by both afzelin concentrations. FUT3 and FUT4 mRNA was inhibited by 120 μM dose of afzelin. Galectin-3 protein increased in cell lysates and decreased in culture supernatant by 60 and 120 μM flavonoid. Galectin-3 gene expression was stimulated by two used concentrations of afzelin in comparison to control. We conclude that afzelin can be considered as the potential anti-cancer agent, supporting conventional cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Radziejewska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Supruniuk
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Robert Czarnomysy
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Kamila Buzun
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (K.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Kilińskiego 1, 15-089 Białystok, Poland; (K.B.); (A.B.)
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Moon H, Ko M, Park Y, Kim J, Yoon D, Lee E, Lee T, Kim H. Δ 8(14)-Ergostenol Glycoside Derivatives Inhibit the Expression of Inflammatory Mediators and Matrix Metalloproteinase. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154547. [PMID: 34361701 PMCID: PMC8347845 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease accompanied by pathological reactions such as swelling, redness, fever, and pain in various joint areas. The drugs currently available to treat arthritis are associated with diverse side-effects. Therefore, there is a need for safer and more effective treatments to alleviate the inflammation of arthritis with fewer side-effects. In this study, a new sterol, Δ8(14)-ergostenol, was discovered, and its glycosides were synthesized and found to be more efficient in terms of synthesis or anti-inflammatory activity than either spinasterol or 5,6-dihydroergosterol is. Among these synthetic glycosides, galactosyl ergostenol inhibited the expression of inflammatory mediators in TNF-α-stimulated FLS and TNF-α-induced MMPs and collagen type II A1 degradation in human chondrocytes. These results suggest the new galactosyl ergostenol as a treatment candidate for arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Moon
- Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (H.M.); (M.K.); (J.K.); (D.Y.)
| | - Myoungsil Ko
- Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (H.M.); (M.K.); (J.K.); (D.Y.)
| | - Yujin Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medicinal Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.P.); (E.L.)
| | - Jeonguk Kim
- Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (H.M.); (M.K.); (J.K.); (D.Y.)
| | - Dowon Yoon
- Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (H.M.); (M.K.); (J.K.); (D.Y.)
| | - Eunjoohwang Lee
- Graduate School of East-West Medicinal Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (Y.P.); (E.L.)
| | - Taehoon Lee
- Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (H.M.); (M.K.); (J.K.); (D.Y.)
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (H.K.); Tel.: +823-1201-5317 (T.L.); +823-1201-2459 (H.K.)
| | - Hakwon Kim
- Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea; (H.M.); (M.K.); (J.K.); (D.Y.)
- Correspondence: (T.L.); (H.K.); Tel.: +823-1201-5317 (T.L.); +823-1201-2459 (H.K.)
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Supruniuk K, Radziejewska I. MUC1 is an oncoprotein with a significant role in apoptosis (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:68. [PMID: 34278474 PMCID: PMC8360618 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucin 1 (MUC1) is a membrane-bound, highly glycosylated protein that is overexpressed in all stages of malignant transformation. Overexpression of MUC1 together with loss of polarization and hypoglycosylation are associated with resistance to apoptosis, which is the process that results in efficient removal of damaged cells. Inhibition of the apoptotic process is responsible for tumor development, tumor progression and drug resistance. MUC1 is considered as an oncogenic molecule that is involved in various signaling pathways responsible for the regulation of apoptosis. Based on this, the aim of the present study was to discuss the involvement of MUC1 in the divergent mechanisms regulating programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Supruniuk
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, 15‑222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Iwona Radziejewska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, 15‑222 Białystok, Poland
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Radziejewska I, Supruniuk K, Bielawska A. Anti-cancer effect of combined action of anti-MUC1 and rosmarinic acid in AGS gastric cancer cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 902:174119. [PMID: 33930385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MUC1 seems to be promising target in cancer cells due to its abundant and specifically altered expression as well as differential distribution pattern relative to normal tissues. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural, polyphenolic compound with pharmacological activities, including anti-cancer. Herein, we aim to explore the effect of combined action of anti-MUC1 and RA on selected cancer-related factors in AGS gastric cancer cells. Cancer cells were treated with 100, 200 μM rosmarinic acid, 5 μg/ml anti-MUC1 and acid together with antibody. Western blotting, ELISA and RT-PCR were used to assess the expression of MUC1, selected sugar antigens, enzymes participating in protein glycosylation, Gal-3, p53, pro- and anti-apoptotic factors, and caspases-3,-8,-9 in cancer cells. MUC1 mRNA was significantly suppressed by combined action of anti-MUC1 and RA. Such treatment markedly inhibited expression of cancer-related Tn, T, sialyl Tn, sialyl T, and fucosylated sugar antigens as well as mRNA expression of enzymes participating in their formation: ppGalNAcT2, C1GalT1, ST6GalNAcT2, ST3GalT1 and FUT4. C1GalT1 was suppressed also on protein level. Gal-3, factor likely participating in metastasis, was significantly suppressed on mRNA level by RA administrated with anti-MUC1. Pro-apoptotic Bax protein and Bad mRNA were significantly induced, and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 mRNA expression was inhibited by such treatment. Combined action of mAb and RA markedly increased caspase-9 mRNA expression. Results of the study indicate that combined action of anti-MUC1 and RA is more effective than monotherapy in relation to examined cancer related factors. Such treatment can be considered as new, promising strategy in gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Radziejewska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Supruniuk
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222, Białystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Kilińskiego 1, 15-089, Białystok, Poland
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Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Suggest the Mechanism for Biological Activity of Rosmarinic Acid. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5190808. [PMID: 33936238 PMCID: PMC8055417 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5190808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RosA) is a natural phenolic acid compound, which is mainly extracted from Labiatae and Arnebia. At present, there is no systematic analysis of its mechanism. Therefore, we used the method of network pharmacology to analyze the mechanism of RosA. In our study, PubChem database was used to search for the chemical formula and the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number of RosA. Then, the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) was used to evaluate the pharmacodynamics of RosA, and the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) was used to identify the potential target genes of RosA. In addition, the Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of target genes were carried out by using the web-based gene set analysis toolkit (WebGestalt). At the same time, we uploaded the targets to the STRING database to obtain the protein interaction network. Then, we carried out a molecular docking about targets and RosA. Finally, we used Cytoscape to establish a visual protein-protein interaction network and drug-target-pathway network and analyze these networks. Our data showed that RosA has good biological activity and drug utilization. There are 55 target genes that have been identified. Then, the bioinformatics analysis and network analysis found that these target genes are closely related to inflammatory response, tumor occurrence and development, and other biological processes. These results demonstrated that RosA can act on a variety of proteins and pathways to form a systematic pharmacological network, which has good value in drug development and utilization.
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In Vitro Cultured Melissa officinalis Cells as Effective Ingredient to Protect Skin against Oxidative Stress, Blue Light, and Infrared Irradiations Damages. COSMETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is being increasingly exposed to artificial blue light due to the extensive use of electronic devices, which can induce cell oxidative stress, causing signs of early photo aging. The Melissa officinalis phytocomplex is a new standardized cosmetic ingredient obtained by an in vitro plant cell culture with a high content of rosmarinic acid. In this study, we examine the activity of the Melissa officinalis phytocomplex to protect skin against blue light and infrared damages, evaluating the ROS (Radical Oxygen Species) level in keratinocyte cell line from human skin (HaCaT) and Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), elastin, and MMP1 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 1) immunostaining in living human skin explants ex vivo. This phytocomplex demonstrates antioxidant activity by reducing ROS production and thus the oxidant damage of the skin caused by UV and blue light exposure. In addition, it inhibits blue light-induced Nrf2 transcriptional activity, IR-induced elastin alteration, and IR-induced MMP-1 release. This Melissa officinalis phytocomplex is a new innovative active ingredient for cosmetic products that is able to protect skin against light and screen exposure damages and oxidative stress.
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Chou ST, Ho BY, Tai YT, Huang CJ, Chao WW. Bidirect effects from cisplatin combine with rosmarinic acid (RA) or hot water extracts of Glechoma hederacea (HWG) on renal cancer cells. Chin Med 2020; 15:77. [PMID: 32760434 PMCID: PMC7391823 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cisplatin (CDDP) is a chemotherapeutic drug which also causes adverse side effects. Glechoma hederacea is a traditional Chinese herb belonging to the Labiatae family and has many biological activities. Our previous study indicated that rosmarinic acid (RA) was the most abundant phytochemical in G. hederacea. However, the antioxidant or anti-inflammatory effects of the combined treatment of G. hederacea, RA and CDDP on human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) 786-O cells have not been clearly demonstrated. We aimed to investigate the bioefficacy of hot water extracts of G. hederacea (HWG) and RA in inhibiting RCC 786-O cell activity and its synergism with CDDP against metastatic renal cancer cell. Methods Bioactivities of the combination treatment of HWG, RA, HWG/CDDP and RA/CDDP were assessed using the MTT assay and transwell migration, and the crude extract/compound efficacy was evaluated using wound healing migration assays, flow cytometry and western blotting. Results Our study indicates that CDDP inhibits 786-O cell proliferation and migration and HWG and RA protect against these effects. On the other hand, HWG and RA demonstrate a low cytotoxic effect in human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line -2 (HK-2 cells). Cell cycle analysis found that HWG/CDDP and RA/CDDP combined treatment exerted cytotoxicity by inducing G2/M arrest and apoptosis. RA in combined with CDDP significantly inhibiting the expression of p-FAK (Tyr 925) in RCC 786-O cells in vitro. Conclusion We propose that the inhibition of RA on RCC 786-O cell invasion and migration may partly occur through the downregulation of FAK phosphorylation. The HWG/CDDP and RA/CDDP combined treatments may be effective strategies for intervention of RCC 786-O cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Tze Chou
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, 433 Taiwan
| | - Bing-Ying Ho
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 116 Taiwan.,Department of General Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 116 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 116 Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 116 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wan Chao
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Kainan University, No.1 Kainan Road, Luzhu Dist, Taoyuan City, 33857 Taiwan, ROC
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Matwiejczuk N, Galicka A, Zaręba I, Brzóska MM. The Protective Effect of Rosmarinic Acid Against Unfavorable Influence of Methylparaben and Propylparaben on Collagen in Human Skin Fibroblasts. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1282. [PMID: 32369933 PMCID: PMC7281983 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parabens, which are widely used in food, medicines and cosmetics, have a harmful effect on human health. People are most exposed to parabens transdermally by using cosmetic products containing these preservatives. The purpose of this study was to estimate the influence of parabens (methylparaben-MP and propylparaben-PP) on the metabolism of collagen in the human skin fibroblasts and above all, to assess whether rosmarinic acid (RA-50, 100, or 150 M) can protect these cells from the adverse effects of parabens (0.001% MP and 0.0003% PP, 0.003% MP and 0.001% PP, and 0.01% MP and 0.003% PP). The possible mechanisms of RA action were estimated as well. Parabens decreased the expression of collagen type I and III at mRNA and protein levels, while RA (depending on the concentration) provided partial or total protection against these changes. The effective protection against the adverse effects of parabens on cell viability and proliferation was also provided by RA. The beneficial impact of RA on collagen and the fibroblasts resulted from an independent action of this compound and its interaction with parabens. This study allows us to conclude that this polyphenolic compound may protect from unfavorable health outcomes caused by lifetime human exposure to parabens contained in cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Matwiejczuk
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2A street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Galicka
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2A street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ilona Zaręba
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2D street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata M. Brzóska
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Bialystok, Adama Mickiewicza 2C street, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland;
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Ma Z, Yang J, Yang Y, Wang X, Chen G, Shi A, Lu Y, Jia S, Kang X, Lu L. Rosmarinic acid exerts an anticancer effect on osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting DJ-1 via regulation of the PTEN-PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 68:153186. [PMID: 32088353 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor. This disease has exhibited a progressively lower survival rate over the past several decades, which has resulted in it becoming a main cause of death in humans. Rosmarinic acid (RA), a water-soluble polyphenolic phytochemical, exerts powerful anticancer effects against multiple types of cancer; however, its potential effects on osteosarcoma remain unknown. Hence, the present study investigated the efficacy of RA against osteosarcoma and aimed to clarify the mechanisms underlying this process. METHODS The effects of RA on cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, migration, invasion, and signaling molecules were analyzed by CCK-8 assay, flowcytometric analysis, wound healing assay, Transwell assay, proteomic analysis, and use of shRNAs. RESULTS RA exerted anti-proliferation and pro-apoptotic effects on U2OS and MG63 osteosarcoma cells. Apoptosis was induced via extrinsic and intrinsic pathways by increasing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, triggering the intracellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and upregulating the cleavage rates of caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3. Additionally, RA suppressed the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 (MMP-2 and -9), which are associated with a weakening of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, proteomic analyses identified DJ-1 as a potential target for RA. Several studies have indicated an oncogenic role for DJ-1 using knockdowns via the lentiviral-mediated transfection of shRNA, which caused the conspicuous suppression of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as the arrest of cell cycle progression. At the molecular level, the expression levels of DJ-1, p-PI3K, and p-Akt were reduced, whereas the protein levels of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) were increased. CONCLUSION In conjunction with the high levels of DJ-1 expression in osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines, the present results suggested that RA exhibited anticancer effects in osteosarcoma cells by inhibiting DJ-1 via regulation of the PTEN-PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, DJ-1 might be a biological target for RA in osteosarcoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanjun Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xuexi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Guohu Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ancheng Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yubao Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Shouning Jia
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai 810000, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
| | - Li Lu
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China; Institute of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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Sahiner M, Blake DA, Fullerton ML, Suner SS, Sunol AK, Sahiner N. Enhancement of biocompatibility and carbohydrate absorption control potential of rosmarinic acid through crosslinking into microparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:836-843. [PMID: 31284004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA), a bioflavonoid and antioxidant that exists in plants of the Lamiaceae family, was crosslinked into particles as poly(Rosmarinic Acid) (p(RA)) via an emulsion crosslinking method. The particles were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance 13C NMR spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The zeta potential values of p(RA) particles were determined at different pHs; the isoelectric point was estimated as pH 1.2. The release of monomeric RA from the particles at 37.5 °C was found to be similar at different pHs, 1.0, 7.4, and 11.0. The effects of p(RA) on hemolysis and coagulation were found to be minimal. The antioxidant activity of p(RA) particles and RA monomer were almost indistinguishable suggesting that p(RA) particles may be used as an antioxidant. On a per weight basis, p(RA) particles were ~66% less cytotoxic to mammalian cells that RA monomer, as assessed using COS-1 cells. In addition, p(RA) was an 8.6-fold stronger inhibitor of α-glycosidase than RA; the IC50s of the monomer and particles were 0.121 and 0.014 mg/mL, respectively. The strong inhibitory effect of p(RA) on α-glycosidase, coupled with its reduced cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity, provide new opportunities for the use of p(RA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Sahiner
- Fashion Design, Canakkale Applied Science, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Diane A Blake
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70448, USA.
| | - Mitchell L Fullerton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70448, USA; Bioinnovation PhD Program, 605 Lindy Boggs Bldg, New Orleans, LA 70118, United States of America
| | - Selin S Suner
- Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Turkey; Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Aydin K Sunol
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Nurettin Sahiner
- Nanoscience and Technology Research and Application Center (NANORAC), Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Chemistry, Turkey; Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Terzioglu Campus, 17100, Canakkale, Turkey; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 21, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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21
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Han Y, Ma L, Zhao L, Feng W, Zheng X. Rosmarinic inhibits cell proliferation, invasion and migration via up-regulating miR-506 and suppressing MMP2/16 expression in pancreatic cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 115:108878. [PMID: 31060006 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, therapeutic strategies for the treatment of pancreatic cancer are still limited. Therefore, it is urgent for us to develop novel effective therapies for pancreatic cancer. In this study, we explored the effects of rosmarinic acid on pancreatic progression and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. Rosmarinic acid significantly suppressed cell viability, cell growth, cell invasion and migration as well as epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of pancreatic cancer cells, and induced cell apoptosis in pancreatic cells. In addition, rosmarinic acid significantly up-regulated the expression of miR-506 in pancreatic cancer cells, and knockdown of miR-506 attenuated the suppressive effects of rosmarinic acid on cell growth, cell invasion and migration and EMT, and prevented the enhanced effects of rosmarinic acid on cell apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. Mechanistically, the luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-506 targeted the 3' untranslated region of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/16, and miR-506 overexpression and rosmarinic acid treatment suppressed the expression of MMP2/16 in pancreatic cancer cells. Overexpression of MMP2/16 attenuated the inhibitory effects of rosmarinic acid on pancreatic cell invasion and migration. In vivo studies showed that rosmarinic acid dose-dependently suppressed tumor growth of pancreatic cancer cells, and increased the expression of miR-506, while suppressed the expression of MMP2/16 and Ki-67 in dissected tumor tissues from xenograft nude mice. Collectively, our results for the first time revealed the anti-tumor effects of rosmarinic acid in pancreatic cancer, and the anti-tumor effects of rosmarinic acid were via regulating the miR-506/MMP2/16 axis in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguang Han
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Ligang Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Le Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Weisheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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de Oliveira JR, Camargo SEA, de Oliveira LD. Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) as therapeutic and prophylactic agent. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:5. [PMID: 30621719 PMCID: PMC6325740 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) is a medicinal plant native to the Mediterranean region and cultivated around the world. Besides the therapeutic purpose, it is commonly used as a condiment and food preservative. R. officinalis L. is constituted by bioactive molecules, the phytocompounds, responsible for implement several pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, antitumor and protective, inhibitory and attenuating activities. Thus, in vivo and in vitro studies were presented in this Review, approaching the therapeutic and prophylactic effects of R. officinalis L. on some physiological disorders caused by biochemical, chemical or biological agents. In this way, methodology, mechanisms, results, and conclusions were described. The main objective of this study was showing that plant products could be equivalent to the available medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas Rafael de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777 - Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Luciane Dias de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biociências e Diagnóstico Bucal, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777 - Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP, CEP 12245-000, Brazil
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