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Luo L, Lin J, Chen S, Ni J, Peng H, Shen F, Huang Z. Rosmarinic acid alleviates toosendanin-induced liver injury through restoration of autophagic flux and lysosomal function by activating JAK2/STAT3/CTSC pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118196. [PMID: 38631488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rosmarinic acid (RA), a natural polyphenol abundant in numerous herbal remedies, has been attracting growing interest owing to its exceptional ability to protect the liver. Toosendanin (TSN), a prominent bioactive compound derived from Melia toosendan Siebold & Zucc., boasts diverse pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, TSN possesses remarkable hepatotoxicity. Intriguingly, the potential of RA to counteract TSN-induced liver damage and its probable mechanisms remain unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY This study is aimed at exploring whether RA can alleviate TSN-induced liver injury and the potential mechanisms involved autophagy. MATERIALS AND METHODS CCK-8 and LDH leakage rate assay were used to evaluate cytotoxicity. Balb/c mice were intraperitoneally administered TSN (20 mg/kg) for 24 h after pretreatment with RA (0, 40, 80 mg/kg) by gavage for 5 days. The autophagic proteins P62 and LC3B expressions were detected using western blot and immunohistochemistry. RFP-GFP-LC3B and transmission electron microscopy were applied to observe the accumulation levels of autophagosomes and autolysosomes. LysoTracker Red and DQ-BSA staining were used to evaluate the lysosomal acidity and degradation ability respectively. Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were employed to measure the expressions of JAK2/STAT3/CTSC pathway proteins. Dual-luciferase reporter gene was used to measure the transcriptional activity of CTSC and RT-PCR was used to detect its mRNA level. H&E staining and serum biochemical assay were employed to determine the degree of damage to the liver. RESULTS TSN-induced damage to hepatocytes and livers was significantly alleviated by RA. RA markedly diminished the autophagic flux blockade and lysosomal dysfunction caused by TSN. Mechanically, RA alleviated TSN-induced down-regulation of CTSC by activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. CONCLUSION RA could protect against TSN-induced liver injury by activating the JAK2/STAT3/CTSC pathway-mediated autophagy and lysosomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinxian Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Sixin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiajie Ni
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hongjie Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Feihai Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhiying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Liao X, Xin J, Yu Z, Yan W, Li C, Cao L, Zhang H, Wang W. Unlocking the antiviral potential of rosmarinic acid against chikungunya virus via IL-17 signaling pathway. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1396279. [PMID: 38800832 PMCID: PMC11127627 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1396279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Chikungunya virus is an Alphavirus that belongs to the Togaviridae family and is primarily transmitted by mosquitoes. It causes acute infection characterized by fever, headache, and arthralgia. Some patients also experience persistent chronic osteoarthritis-like symptoms. Dedicated antiviral treatments are currently unavailable for CHIKV. This study aims to explore the potential anti-CHIKV effect of rosmarinic acid using network pharmacology. Methods This study employed network pharmacology to predict and verify the molecular targets and pathways associated with ROSA in the context of CHIKV. The analysis outcomes were further validated using molecular docking and in vitro experiments. Results The analysis of CHIKV targets using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and MCODE identified IL-17 as an important pathogenic pathway in CHIKV infection. Among the 30 targets of ROSA against CHIKV, nearly half were found to be involved in the IL-17 signaling pathway. This suggests that ROSA may help the host in resisting CHIKV invasion by modulating this pathway. Molecular docking validation results showed that ROSA can stably bind to 10 core targets out of the 30 identified targets. In an in vitro CHIKV infection model developed using 293T cells, treatment with 60 μM ROSA significantly improved the survival rate of infected cells, inhibited 50% CHIKV proliferation after CHIKV infection, and reduced the expression of TNF-α in the IL-17 signaling pathway. Conclusion This study provides the first confirmation of the efficacy of ROSA in suppressing CHIKV infection through the IL-17 signaling pathway. The findings warrant further investigation to facilitate the development of ROSA as a potential treatment for CHIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfei Liao
- Wenzhou Polytechnic, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jialiang Xin
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziping Yu
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiming Yan
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenghui Li
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Liang Cao
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - He Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Imraish A, Zihlif M, Abu Thiab T, Al-Awaida W, Al-Ameer HJ, Abu-Irmaileh B, Al-Hunaiti A. Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Rosmarinic Acid Trimetallic (Cu 0.5Zn 0.5Fe 2O 4) Nanoparticles. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301739. [PMID: 38243670 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Newly, green metallic-nanoparticles (NPs) have received scientists' interest due to their wide variable medicinal applications owned to their economical synthesis and biologically compatible nature. In this study, we used rosmarinic acid (RosA) to prepare Cu0.5Zn0.5FeO4 NPs and later encapsulated them using PEG polymer. Characterization of NPs was done using the XRD method and SEM imaging. Further, we explored the encapsulated NPs for anti-inflammatory properties by downregulating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines mRNA in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. Besides, employing DPPH, NO and ABTS radical scavenging assays to examine the antioxidant activity of the synthesized Cu0.5Zn0.5FeO4 NPs. Cu0.5Zn0.5FeO4 NPs revealed moderate antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH and nitric oxide. We demonstrated that the NPs showed high potential anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner, in LPS-induced Raw 264.7 cells. To our best knowledge, this is the first report where RosA was found to be a suitable phyto source for the green synthesis of Cu0.5Zn0.5FeO4 NPs and their in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Taken together, our findings suggest that the RosA is a green resource for the eco-friendly synthesis of Cu0.5Zn0.5FeO4/PEG NPs, which further can be employed as a novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Imraish
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Tuqa Abu Thiab
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Wajdy Al-Awaida
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, American University of Madaba, P.O. Box: 99, Madaba, 17110, Jordan
| | - Hamzeh J Al-Ameer
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University (AAU), Amman, 19328, Jordan
| | - Basha'er Abu-Irmaileh
- Hamdi Mango Centre for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Afnan Al-Hunaiti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Street, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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Boo YC. Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms of Rosmarinic Acid and the Extracts of Lamiaceae Plants for the Treatment of Fibrosis of Various Organs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:146. [PMID: 38397744 PMCID: PMC10886237 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, which causes structural hardening and functional degeneration in various organs, is characterized by the excessive production and accumulation of connective tissue containing collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), etc. In traditional medicine, extracts of medicinal plants or herbal prescriptions have been used to treat various fibrotic diseases. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the antifibrotic effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) and plant extracts that contain RA, as observed in various experimental models. RA, as well as the extracts of Glechoma hederacea, Melissa officinalis, Elsholtzia ciliata, Lycopus lucidus, Ocimum basilicum, Prunella vulgaris, Salvia rosmarinus (Rosmarinus officinalis), Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Perilla frutescens, have been shown to attenuate fibrosis of the liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, and abdomen in experimental animal models. Their antifibrotic effects were associated with the attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, cell activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and fibrogenic gene expression. RA treatment activated peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) while suppressing the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and Wnt signaling pathways. Interestingly, most plants that are reported to contain RA and exhibit antifibrotic activity belong to the family Lamiaceae. This suggests that RA is an active ingredient for the antifibrotic effect of Lamiaceae plants and that these plants are a useful source of RA. In conclusion, accumulating scientific evidence supports the effectiveness of RA and Lamiaceae plant extracts in alleviating fibrosis and maintaining the structural architecture and normal functions of various organs under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chool Boo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Zareei S, Pourmand S, Eskandarzadeh M, Massahi S. In silico anti-alzheimer study of phytochemicals from Lamiaceae family through GSK3-β inhibition. Sci Rep 2024; 14:834. [PMID: 38191548 PMCID: PMC10774376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK3-β) is a serine-threonine protease expressed in the brain, and its hyperactivity is considered the underlying cause of Alzheimer's disease. This enzyme requires an ATP molecule in its N-terminal lobe to phosphorylate its substrates, with the most important substrate being the Tau protein. This study focuses on the inhibitory mechanism of four naturally occurring compounds-apigenin, luteolin, rosmarinic acid, and salvianolic acid-from the Laminaceae family against GSK3-β. The orientation of the ligands within the ATP-binding pocket of GSK3-β and their binding energy were determined through molecular docking. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations was conducted to study the conformational changes induced by the ligands in the protein structure. The results showed that apigenin and salvianolic acid achieved deeper parts of the cavity compared to luteolin and rosmarinic acid and formed stable complexes with the enzyme. In the rosmarinic acid complex, the enzyme exhibited the most exposed conformation. On the other hand, luteolin binding caused a small closure of the opening, suggesting a potentially ATP-competitive role. Our results suggest these compounds as lead candidates for the design of GSK3-β inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zareei
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Pourmand
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, PO Box: 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Eskandarzadeh
- Research Committee of Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Science, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Massahi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, P.O. Box 69315516, Ilam, Iran.
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Martins RX, Carvalho M, Maia ME, Flor B, Souza T, Rocha TL, Félix LM, Farias D. 2,4-D Herbicide-Induced Hepatotoxicity: Unveiling Disrupted Liver Functions and Associated Biomarkers. TOXICS 2024; 12:35. [PMID: 38250991 PMCID: PMC10818579 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a widely used herbicide worldwide and is frequently found in water samples. This knowledge has prompted studies on its effects on non-target organisms, revealing significant alterations to liver structure and function. In this review, we evaluated the literature on the hepatotoxicity of 2,4-D, focusing on morphological damages, toxicity biomarkers and affected liver functions. Searches were conducted on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus and 83 articles were selected after curation. Among these studies, 72% used in vivo models and 30% used in vitro models. Additionally, 48% used the active ingredient, and 35% used commercial formulations in exposure experiments. The most affected biomarkers were related to a decrease in antioxidant capacity through alterations in the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and the levels of malondialdehyde. Changes in energy metabolism, lipids, liver function, and xenobiotic metabolism were also identified. Furthermore, studies about the effects of 2,4-D in mixtures with other pesticides were found, as well as hepatoprotection trials. The reviewed data indicate the essential role of reduction in antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress in 2,4-D-induced hepatotoxicity. However, the mechanism of action of the herbicide is still not fully understood and further research in this area is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Xavier Martins
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Building 907, Campus Pici, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60455-970, Brazil; (R.X.M.); (M.E.M.)
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58050-085, Brazil; (M.C.); (B.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Matheus Carvalho
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58050-085, Brazil; (M.C.); (B.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Maria Eduarda Maia
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Building 907, Campus Pici, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60455-970, Brazil; (R.X.M.); (M.E.M.)
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58050-085, Brazil; (M.C.); (B.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Bruno Flor
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58050-085, Brazil; (M.C.); (B.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Terezinha Souza
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58050-085, Brazil; (M.C.); (B.F.); (T.S.)
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia 74055-110, Brazil;
| | - Luís M. Félix
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Davi Farias
- Post-Graduation Program in Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Building 907, Campus Pici, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60455-970, Brazil; (R.X.M.); (M.E.M.)
- Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Novel Technologies, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58050-085, Brazil; (M.C.); (B.F.); (T.S.)
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Das S, Sultana KW, Mondal M, Chandra I, Ndhlala AR. Unveiling the Dual Nature of Heavy Metals: Stressors and Promoters of Phenolic Compound Biosynthesis in Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench In Vitro. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:98. [PMID: 38202406 PMCID: PMC10780674 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The global industrial revolution has led to a substantial rise in heavy metal levels in the environment, posing a serious threat to nature. Plants synthesize phenolic compounds under stressful conditions, which serve as protective agents against oxidative stress. Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench is an herbaceous plant of the Lamiaceae family. Some species within this family are recognized for their capacity to remediate sites contaminated with heavy metals. In this study, the effects of mercury (II) chloride and lead (II) nitrate on the in vitro propagation of B. polystachyon were investigated. Shoot tips from in vitro plantlets were cultured in Murashige and Skoog's (MS) media with heavy metals ranging from 1 to 200 µM to induce abiotic stress and enhance the accumulation of phenolic compounds. After three weeks, MS medium with 1 µM of lead (II) supported the highest shoot multiplication, and the maximum number of roots per explant was found in 100 µM of lead (II), whereas a higher concentration of heavy metals inhibited shoot multiplication and root development. The plantlets were hardened in a greenhouse with a 96% field survival rate. Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) was used to detect heavy metal contents in plant biomass. At both 200 µM and 50 µM concentrations, the greatest accumulation of mercury (II) was observed in the roots (16.94 ± 0.44 µg/g) and shoots (17.71 ± 0.66 µg/g), respectively. Similarly, lead (II) showed the highest accumulation in roots (17.10 ± 0.54 µg/g) and shoots (7.78 ± 0.26 µg/g) at 200 µM and 50 µM exposures, respectively. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) identified and quantified various phenolic compounds in B. polystachyon leaves, including gallic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, rosmarinic acid, and trans-cinnamic acid. These compounds were found in different forms, such as free, esterified, and glycosylated. Mercury (II)-exposed plants exhibited elevated levels of vanillic acid (1959.1 ± 3.66 µg/g DW), ellagic acid (213.55 ± 2.11 µg/g DW), and rosmarinic acid (187.72 ± 1.22 µg/g DW). Conversely, lead (II)-exposed plants accumulated higher levels of caffeic acid (42.53±0.61 µg/g DW) and p-coumaric acid (8.04 ± 0.31 µg/g DW). Trans-cinnamic acid was the predominant phenolic compound in control plants, with a concentration of 207.74 ± 1.45 µg/g DW. These results suggest that sublethal doses of heavy metals can act as abiotic elicitors, enhancing the production of phenolic compounds in B. polystachyon. The present work has the potential to open up new commercial opportunities in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Das
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (K.W.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Kaniz Wahida Sultana
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (K.W.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Moupriya Mondal
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (K.W.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Indrani Chandra
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (K.W.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Ashwell R. Ndhlala
- Department of Plant Production, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, Green Biotechnologies Research Centre of Excellence, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
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Choi M, Yoon J, Yang SH, Kim JK, Park SU. Production of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Hairy Root Cultures of Salvia plebeia. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3840. [PMID: 38005737 PMCID: PMC10675400 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Salvia plebeia (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant containing diverse bioactive constituents that have biological properties. In this study, we determined the optimal conditions (media and auxin) for the hairy root culture of S. plebeia for the growth and accumulation of phenolic compounds and evaluated its antioxidant activities. Rosmarinic acid and five phenylpropanoids were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography. The hairy roots grown in 1/2 SH medium with 1 mg/L NAA had a high level of rosmarinic acid content. Hairy roots cultured in 1 mg/L NAA had the highest total content of five phenylpropanoids. Compared to wild-type roots grown in the field, hairy roots (NAA 1) expressed similar levels of rosmarinic acid but significantly enhanced phenylpropanoid accumulation. Furthermore, the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content of hairy roots (NAA 1) were 2.22 and 1.73 times higher than those of wild-type roots. In the results of DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power assays, the hairy roots (NAA 1) showed higher free radical scavenging effects and reduction potential than the wild-type roots. These results suggest that S. plebeia hairy roots cultured under optimal conditions, which exhibit enhanced phenolic compound accumulation and antioxidant activity, can potentially be used as sources of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsol Choi
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jiwon Yoon
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hwi Yang
- Division of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Salem BAA, ElKaliny HH, El-Hafez AAAA, Sarhan NI. Comparative Histological Study of Therapeutic Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells versus Mesenchymal Stem Cells Co-Cultured with Liver Tissue on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Adult Male Albino Rats. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2023; 11:225-236. [PMID: 38213650 PMCID: PMC10779448 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_62_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Liver diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects, so they can be used in the treatment of liver diseases. MSCs co-cultured with diseased liver tissue improve the homing capacity, survival rate, and paracrine effects of the MSCs, as well as the ability to enhance liver function. Aims This work aimed to study the therapeutic effect of MSCs versus MSCs co-cultured with liver tissue on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in adult male albino rats. Settings and Design Twenty adult male albino rats were divided into four equal groups; Group I (control group), Group II received CCl4 intraperitoneally (i.p.), Group III received CCl4 i.p. and then injected with MSCs intravenously (i.v.), and Group IV received CCl4 i.p. and then injected with co-cultured MSCs i.v. Materials and Methods Finally, liver specimens were processed for light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). Statistical analysis was carried out to assess histological scoring, area percentage of collagen fibers, number of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells, and biochemical analysis of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Statistical Analysis Used Statistical analysis of (histological scoring, area % of collagen fibers, and biochemical analysis) was done by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test using graphpad software (SanDiego, CA, USA). The means ± standard deviations were used for statistical analysis. Results LM of Group II revealed loss of hepatic architecture and diffuse fibrosis with dilated congested blood vessels, bile ductular proliferation, and cellular infiltrations. Vacuolated cytoplasm with or without pyknotic nuclei was observed in addition to micro- and macro-steatosis. EM demonstrated disfigured hepatocytes with abnormal organelles surrounding atypical nucleus. Group III showed restoration of the normal liver architecture with greater extent in Group IV. Statistical analysis confirmed the microscopic findings. Conclusions Co-cultured MSCs with diseased liver tissue augmented the therapeutic effects of MSCs in treating hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in adult male albino rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bothina Abo-Alazm Salem
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Heba Hassan ElKaliny
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Naglaa Ibrahim Sarhan
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Lu B, Li C, Jing L, Zhuang F, Xiang H, Chen Y, Huang B. Rosmarinic acid nanomedicine for rheumatoid arthritis therapy: Targeted RONS scavenging and macrophage repolarization. J Control Release 2023; 362:631-646. [PMID: 37708976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The infiltration of inflammatory cells, especially macrophages, integrated with the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and the release of inflammatory cytokines play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Synergistic combination of RONS scavenging and macrophage repolarization from pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype towards anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, provides a promising strategy for efficient RA treatment. Herein, this study reported a unique self-assembly strategy to construct distinct rosmarinic acid nanoparticles (RNPs) for efficient RA treatment using the naturally occurring polyphenol-based compound, rosmarinic acid (RosA). The designed RNPs exhibited favorable capability in scavenging RONS and pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages. Attributing to the widened vascular endothelial-cell gap at inflammation sites, RNPs could target and accumulate at the inflammatory joints of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats for guaranteeing therapeutic effect. In vivo investigation demonstrated that RNPs alleviated the symptoms of RA, including joint swelling, synovial hyperplasia, cartilage degradation, and bone erosion in CIA rats. Additionally, the designed RNPs promoted macrophage polarization from M1 phenotype towards M2 phenotype, resulting in the suppressed progression of RA. Therefore, this research represents the representative paradigm for RA therapy using antioxidative nanomedicine deriving from the natural polyphenol-based compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Lu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Institute of Medical Ultrasound and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Cuixian Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Institute of Medical Ultrasound and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Luxia Jing
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Institute of Medical Ultrasound and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Fan Zhuang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Institute of Medical Ultrasound and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Huijing Xiang
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Beijian Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Institute of Medical Ultrasound and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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11
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Farag FSAA, Anwar HM, Aboushousha T, Mohammed HS, Ismail LDM. Ameliorative Effects of Thunbergia erecta L. Leaves Against the Initiation of Hepatocarcinogenesis Induced by Diethylnitrosamine in the Rat Model. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5881-5902. [PMID: 36708488 PMCID: PMC10511368 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Thunbergia erecta L. contains cytotoxic and liver-protective compounds. Thunbergia erecta L. leaves were macerated in 70% aqueous ethanol, then fractionated with ethyl acetate (9.3 g) and butanol (12.7 g), and attenuated Den-induced liver cancer in a Wistar rat experimental model. Ethyl acetate and butanol fractions were chromatographed using column chromatography and solid-phase extraction (SPE); Vicenin-II (1), kaempferol (2), biochanin A, sissotrin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (3), gentianose (4), acacetin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (5), apigenin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (6), and rosmarinic acid (7) were extracted, and their structures were determined using NMR spectroscopy and ESI-mass spectrometry. Sixty rats were divided into six groups (ten each): control group, Den group, doxorubicin/Den-treated group, butanol fraction/Den-treated group, and isolated acacetin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside/Den-treated group. The liver enzymes and proinflammatory biomarkers were used to estimate the liver function. In addition, liver tissues were collected for analysis of oxidative stress markers, gene expression, and histopathology. There is a significant increase in the levels of liver enzymes, AFP, and TNF-ἁ. This was conveyed by a significant increase of IL-1 and caspase-3, elevation of MDA and reduction of GSH, and suppression of Bcl2 and elevation of Bax expression. All parameters in butanol, ethyl acetate fractions, and isolated acacetin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (major constituents) of T. erecta L. were significantly improved to values close to those of the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Sayed Abdel-Aal Farag
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt.
| | - Hend Mohamed Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control & Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek Aboushousha
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile, Warrak El-Hadar, P.O. 30 Imbaba, Giza, 12411, Egypt
| | - Hala Sh Mohammed
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
| | - Lotfi Diab Mousa Ismail
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
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12
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Rong J, Fu F, Han C, Wu Y, Xia Q, Du D. Tectorigenin: A Review of Its Sources, Pharmacology, Toxicity, and Pharmacokinetics. Molecules 2023; 28:5904. [PMID: 37570873 PMCID: PMC10421414 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tectorigenin is a well-known natural flavonoid aglycone and an active component that exists in numerous plants. Growing evidence suggests that tectorigenin has multiple pharmacological effects, such as anticancer, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective. These pharmacological properties provide the basis for the treatment of many kinds of illnesses, including several types of cancer, diabetes, hepatic fibrosis, osteoarthritis, Alzheimer's disease, etc. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive summary and review of the sources, extraction and synthesis, pharmacological effects, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and delivery strategy aspects of tectorigenin. Tectorigenin may exert certain cytotoxicity, which is related to the administration time and concentration. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that the main metabolic pathways in rats for tectorigenin are glucuronidation, sulfation, demethylation and methoxylation, but that it exhibits poor bioavailability. From our perspective, further research on tectorigenin should cover: exploring the pharmacological targets and mechanisms of action; finding an appropriate concentration to balance pharmacological effects and toxicity; attempting diversified delivery strategies to improve the bioavailability; and structural modification to obtain tectorigenin derivatives with higher pharmacological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Rong
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.R.); (C.H.)
| | - Fei Fu
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (F.F.); (Y.W.)
| | - Chenxia Han
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.R.); (C.H.)
| | - Yaling Wu
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (F.F.); (Y.W.)
| | - Qing Xia
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.R.); (C.H.)
| | - Dan Du
- West China Centre of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.R.); (C.H.)
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (F.F.); (Y.W.)
- Proteomics-Metabolomics Platform, Research Core Facility, West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Centre, Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Mufti A, Feriani A, Ouchari W, Mandour YM, Tlili N, Ibrahim MA, Mahmoud MF, Sobeh M. Leonotis ocymifolia (Burm.f.) Iwarsson aerial parts aqueous extract mitigates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity via attenuation of inflammation, and DNA damage. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1221486. [PMID: 37593171 PMCID: PMC10428015 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1221486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we explored the protective effect of Leonotis ocymifolia (Burm.f.) Iwarsson aerial parts extract (LO) against cisplatin (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats and profiled their phytocontents. A total of 31 compounds belonging to organic and phenolic acids and their glycosides as well as flavonoids and their O- and C-glycosides were identified through LC-MS/MS. The DPPH and FRAP assays revealed that the extract had powerful antioxidant properties. The in vivo results demonstrated that administering LO extract for 30 days (40 and 80 mg/kg b. w.) significantly improved the altered renal injury markers via reducing creatinine (high dose only) and uric acid levels compared to the Cp-group. The deleterious action of cisplatin on renal oxidative stress markers (GSH, MDA, SOD, and CAT) were also mitigated by LO-pretreatment. The reduction of the inflammatory marker (IL-6), and inhibition of DNA fragmentation, highlighted the prophylactic action of LO in kidney tissue. Molecular docking followed by a 100 ns molecular dynamic simulation analyses revealed that, amongst the 31 identified compounds in LO, chlorogenic and caffeoylmalic acids had the most stable binding to IL-6. The nephroprotective effects were further confirmed by histopathological observations, which showed improvement in ultrastructural changes induced by cisplatin. The observed findings reinforce the conclusion that L. ocymifolia extract exerts nephroprotective properties, which could be related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Further studies are required to determine the therapeutic doses and the proper administration time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afoua Mufti
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Anouar Feriani
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Biomonitoring of the Environment and Oasis Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Wafae Ouchari
- AgroBioSciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Yasmine M. Mandour
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nizar Tlili
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de L’Environnement, Université de Carthage, Carthage, Tunisia
| | | | - Mona F. Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences Program, College for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Science, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
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14
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Atanasova A, Petrova A, Teneva D, Ognyanov M, Georgiev Y, Nenov N, Denev P. Subcritical Water Extraction of Rosmarinic Acid from Lemon Balm ( Melissa officinalis L.) and Its Effect on Plant Cell Wall Constituents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040888. [PMID: 37107263 PMCID: PMC10135751 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA), an ester of caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid, is a potent radical scavenger, a chelator of prooxidant ions, and an inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. RA-containing extracts are widely used natural antioxidants in food products, and many herbal preparations and food supplements, containing RA, are marketed with claims of beneficial health effects. The current study investigated the effectiveness of subcritical water extraction (SWE) for the recovery of RA from lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), as a "green" alternative to conventional hydro-alcoholic extraction. Different durations (10 min and 20 min) and extraction temperatures (100 °C and 150 °C) were applied. Subcritical water applied at a temperature of 100 °C was equally efficient as 50% ethanol in extracting RA. However, the further elevation of temperature to 150 °C decreased RA content by up to 20% due to thermal degradation. The content of RA in dried extracts was between 2.36% and 5.55% and the higher temperature of SWE increased extract yield by up to 41%. The higher extraction yield resulted from the degradation of plant material by subcritical water as evidenced by the increased extraction and degradation of proteins, pectin, and cellulose. These results reveal that SWE is an efficient technology for the extraction of RA and other antioxidants from lemon balm at reduced extraction time and without the use of toxic organic solvents. Furthermore, by modification of SWE conditions, dry extracts with different purity and content of RA are obtained. These extracts could be used in the food industry as food antioxidants, or in the development of food supplements and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Atanasova
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Ani Petrova
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Desislava Teneva
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Manol Ognyanov
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Yordan Georgiev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, Prof. Dr. Assen Zlatarov University, 1 Prof. Yakim Yakimov Blvd., 8010 Burgas, Bulgaria
| | - Nenko Nenov
- InnoSolv Ltd., 4 Skayler Str., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Petko Denev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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15
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Farag MR, Zizzadoro C, Alagawany M, Abou-Zeid SM, Mawed SA, El Kholy MS, Di Cerbo A, Azzam MM, Mahdy EAA, Khedr MHE, Elhady WM. In ovo protective effects of chicoric and rosmarinic acids against Thiacloprid-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and growth retardation on newly hatched chicks. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102487. [PMID: 36739798 PMCID: PMC9932119 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiacloprid (TH) is a neonicotinoid insecticide employed in agriculture to protect fruits and vegetables against different insects. It showed different deleterious effects on the general health of non-target organisms including birds and animals, however, its developmental toxicity has yet to be fully elucidated. Chicoric (CA) and rosmarinic (RA) acids are polyphenolic compounds with a wide range of beneficial biological activities. In this study, the possible protective effects of CA and RA were investigated in chick embryos exposed in ovo to TH (1µg/egg) with or without CA (100 µg/egg) or RA (100 µg/egg) co-exposure. TH reduced the hatchling body weight, body weight/egg weight, and relative weight of bursa of Fabricius in the one-day-old hatchlings. Examination of the 7-day-old chicks revealed a decline in feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and plasma levels of T3, T4, and growth hormone. Serum ALT, AST activities, and total cholesterol levels showed significant elevations. Hepatic MDA was increased with a reduction in SOD activity and GSH level and downregulation of the liver SOD and GST gene expression pattern. Serum IgG and IgM levels were reduced, and various histopathological alterations were noticed in the liver. Co-administration of CA or RA with TH mitigated the toxic effects on hatchlings. When both CA and RA are combined, they present a synergistic protective effect. CA and RA can be used as protective agents against TH toxicity as they improve growth performance and have hepatoprotective and immunostimulant effects in newly hatched chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada R Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Claudia Zizzadoro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Shimaa M Abou-Zeid
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 6012201, Egypt
| | - Suzan Attia Mawed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S El Kholy
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024, Matelica, Italy
| | - Mahmoud M Azzam
- Department of Animal Production College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A A Mahdy
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
| | - Mariam H E Khedr
- Veterinary Public Health Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511, Egypt
| | - Walaa M Elhady
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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16
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Rosmarinic acid alone or in combination with Lactobacillus rhamnosus ameliorated ammonia stress in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: growth, immunity, antioxidant defense and liver functions. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2023-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RS) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR) were added singularly or in combination to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets to test their efficacy in the protection against ammonia stress. Fish (31.4±0.6 g) were randomly allocated to six groups in three replicates, as follows: T1: basic food as control, T2: LR with a concentration of 1.5 × 108 CFU/g, T3: LR with a concentration of 3 × 108 CFU/g, T4: 1 g RS/kg, T5: 3 g RS/kg, and T6: 1.5 × 108 CFU/g LR + 1 g RS/kg and T7: 3 × 108 CFU/g LR + 3 g RS/kg. After 60 days feeding, fish exposed to 0ammonia stress. After the feeding period, the supplemented fish had the highest final body weight (FW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR), and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) as compared with the control group (P<0.05). Amylase, protease and lipase activities were noticed markedly higher in fish supplemented with 1.5 × 108 CFU/g LR + 1 g RS/kg and 1.5 × 108 CFU/g LR diets compared to the control (P<0.05). Generally, fish in supplemented diets, particularly T2 and T6 groups, had the highest lysozyme, alternative complement activity (ACH50), total Ig, nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), complement component 3 (C3), complement component 4 (C4), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx). On the other hand, T2 and T6 groups had the lowest malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose, and cortisol concentrations as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme levels when were compared with the control (P<0.05). After ammonia stress, fish in the supplemented groups, particularly T2 and T6, generally showed significantly higher values of lysozyme, ACH50, total Ig, NBT, MPO, C3, C4, SOD, CAT, GPx and lower levels of MDA, glucose, cortisol, ALT, ALP, LDH when compared with the control (P<0.05). In conclusion, a combined administration of RS and L. rhamnosus effectively improved growth performance and health status as well as enhanced the resistance of rainbow trout against ammonia toxicity.
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Park JE, Ahn CH, Lee HJ, Sim DY, Park SY, Kim B, Shim BS, Lee DY, Kim SH. Antioxidant-Based Preventive Effect of Phytochemicals on Anticancer Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Antioxid Redox Signal 2023; 38:1101-1121. [PMID: 36242510 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) or hepatotoxicity has been a hot issue to overcome on the safety and physiological function of the liver, since it is known to have biochemical, cellular, immunological, and molecular alterations in the liver mainly induced by alcohol, chemicals, drugs, heavy metals, and genetic factors. Recently efficient therapeutic and preventive strategies by some phytochemicals are of interest, targeting oxidative stress-mediated hepatotoxicity alone or in combination with anticancer drugs. Recent Advances: To assess DILI, the variety of in vitro and in vivo animal models has been developed mainly by using carbon tetrachloride, d-galactosamine, acetaminophen, and lipopolysaccharide. Also, the mechanisms on hepatotoxicity by several drugs and herbs have been explored in detail. Recent studies reveal that antioxidants including vitamins and some phytochemicals were reported to prevent against DILI. Critical Issues: Antioxidant therapy with some phytochemicals is noteworthy, since oxidative stress is critically involved in DILI via production of chemically reactive oxygen species or metabolites, impairment of mitochondrial respiratory chain, and induction of redox cycling. Future Directions: For efficient antioxidant therapy, DILI susceptibility, Human Leukocyte Antigen genetic factors, biomarkers, and pathogenesis implicated in hepatotoxicity should be further explored in association with oxidative stress-mediated signaling, while more randomized preclinical and clinical trials are required with optimal safe doses of drugs and/or phytochemicals alone or in combination for efficient clinical practice along with the development of advanced DILI diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eon Park
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Laboratory, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Hoon Ahn
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Laboratory, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Laboratory, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Yong Sim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Laboratory, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Park
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Laboratory, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Laboratory, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bum Sang Shim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Laboratory, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Cancer Molecular Target Herbal Research Laboratory, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Syarifah AN, Suryadi H, Hayun H, Simamora A, Mun’im A. Detoxification of comfrey ( Symphytum officinale L.) extract using natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) and evaluation of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1012716. [PMID: 36937831 PMCID: PMC10020234 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1012716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Comfrey (Symphytum officinale L.) contains rosmarinic acid which has different pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the medicinal use of comfrey is limited by the hepatotoxic effect of lycopsamine in comfrey, which overshadows the health benefits of rosmarinic acid. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have a wide range of extraction properties, that provides a new approach to the detoxification of comfrey. In the present study, betaine-based and choline chloride-based NADES were screened for selective extraction of rosmarinic acid over lycopsamine. Ultrasonication was used in conjunction with NADES extraction. The chemical profile of the NADES extracts on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatotoxic activities were investigated using some chemical reagents. Betaine-urea (1:2 molar ratio, 50% water) obtained the highest content of rosmarinic acid and a low level of lycopsamine (1.934 and 0.018 mg/g, respectively). Betaine-urea was also shown to be more effective to extract rosmarinic acid compared to methanol-UAE under the same conditions, which gave lower rosmarinic acid and higher lycopsamine levels (0.007 and 0.031 mg/g, respectively). Betaine-urea extracts showed higher antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as compared with other NADES extracts, however, had lower hepatotoxic profile. This study recommends the use of betaine-urea to detroxify comfrey to open wider opportunities for the development of comfrey for medicinal use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andiri Niza Syarifah
- Graduate Program, Universitas Indonesia, Faculty of Pharmacy, Depok, Indonesia
- Department of Biology Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Herman Suryadi
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Hayun Hayun
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, Medicinal and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Adelina Simamora
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Krida Wacana Christian University, Jakarta, Indonesia
- National Metabolomic Collaborative Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Mun’im
- National Metabolomic Collaborative Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Abdul Mun’im,
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Kakanezhadi A, Rezaei M, Raisi A, Dezfoulian O, Davoodi F, Ahmadvand H. Rosmarinic acid prevents post-operative abdominal adhesions in a rat model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18593. [PMID: 36329196 PMCID: PMC9633689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22000-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effects of rosmarinic acid which involved the mechanisms to decrease the postoperative peritoneal adhesion formation in rats. Various incisions and removing a 1 × 1 cm piece of peritoneum was used to induce the peritoneal adhesions. Experimental groups were as follows: 1-Sham group. 2-Control group: Peritoneal adhesions were induced and no treatments were performed. 3-Treatment groups: Following inducing peritoneal adhesions, animals received rosmarinic acid with 50 and 70 mg/kg dosage, respectively. Macroscopic examination of adhesions indicated that adhesion bands were reduced in both treatment groups compared to the control group. Moreover, the adhesion score was decreased in both treatment groups on day 14. Inflammation and fibroblast proliferation were both reduced in the treatment groups on day 14. TGF-β1, TNF-α, and VEGF were all evaluated by western blot and immunohistochemistry on days 3 and 14. Treatment groups reduced inflammatory cytokines on days 3 and 14. The treatment group with a 70 mg/kg dosage decreased TGF-β1 and TNF-α levels more than the other treatment group. The administration of rosmarinic acid significantly reduced MDA and increased CAT levels. In conclusion, the rosmarinic acid was effective to reduce the adhesion bands, inflammatory cytokines, angiogenesis, and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kakanezhadi
- grid.411406.60000 0004 1757 0173Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Rezaei
- grid.411406.60000 0004 1757 0173Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abbas Raisi
- grid.411406.60000 0004 1757 0173Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Omid Dezfoulian
- grid.411406.60000 0004 1757 0173Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Farshid Davoodi
- grid.412763.50000 0004 0442 8645Department of Surgery and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hassan Ahmadvand
- grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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20
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Xie S, Yang Y, Luo Z, Li X, Liu J, Zhang B, Li W. Role of non-cardiomyocytes in anticancer drug-induced cardiotoxicity: A systematic review. iScience 2022; 25:105283. [PMID: 36300001 PMCID: PMC9589207 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity induced by anticancer drugs interferes with the continuation of optimal treatment, inducing life-threatening risks or leading to long-term morbidity. The heart is a complex pluricellular organ comprised of cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes. Although the study of these cell populations has been often focusing on cardiomyocytes, the contributions of non-cardiomyocytes to development and disease are increasingly being appreciated as both dynamic and essential. This review summarized the role of non-cardiomyocytes in anticancer drug-induced cardiotoxicity, including the mechanism of direct damage to resident non-cardiomyocytes, cardiomyocytes injury caused by paracrine modality, myocardial inflammation induced by transient cell populations and the protective agents that focused on non-cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suifen Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yuanying Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ziheng Luo
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiangyun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Bikui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Wenqun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Corresponding author
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21
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Verma H, Shivavedi N, Tej GNVC, Kumar M, Nayak PK. Prophylactic administration of rosmarinic acid ameliorates depression-associated cardiac abnormalities in Wistar rats: Evidence of serotonergic, oxidative, and inflammatory pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23160. [PMID: 35838106 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders and associated cardiac comorbidities have increased the risk of mortality worldwide. Researchers reported that depression increases the possibility of future cardiac abnormalities by approximately 30%. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop therapeutic interventions to treat depression and associated cardiac abnormalities. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prophylactic effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) against chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced depression associated cardiac abnormalities in Wistar rats. The CUS paradigm, which comprised several stressors, was employed for 40 days to induce depressive-like behavior and associated cardiac abnormalities in rats. Along with CUS, RA at a dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg was administered orally to two groups of animals for 40 days. Behavioral tests (forced swim test and sucrose consumption test) and molecular biomarkers (corticosterone and serotonin) were performed. Electrocardiography was performed before CUS (Day 0), Day 20, and Day 40 to study electrocardiogram parameters. Furthermore, changes in body weight, organ weight, tissue lipid peroxidation, glutathione, catalase, cTn-I, MMP-2, and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) were estimated. Our results showed that RA treatment caused a reduction in immobility period, adrenal hyperplasia, corticosterone level, tissue lipid peroxidation, cTn-I, MMP-2, proinflammatory cytokines, and QRS complex duration, while an increase in sucrose consumption, brain serotonin level, T-wave width, glutathione, and catalase activity as compared with the CUS-control group. The results of our study proved that RA administration ameliorates CUS-induced depression-associated cardiac abnormalities in rats via serotonergic, oxidative, and inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Shivavedi
- Shri Ram Group Of Institutions, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Gullanki N V C Tej
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prasanta K Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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22
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Hassanein EHM, Mohamed WR, Ahmed OS, Abdel-Daim MM, Sayed AM. The role of inflammation in cadmium nephrotoxicity: NF-κB comes into view. Life Sci 2022; 308:120971. [PMID: 36130617 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kidney diseases are major health problem and understanding the underlined mechanisms that lead to kidney diseases are critical research points with a marked potential impact on health. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs naturally and can be found in contaminated food. Kidneys are the most susceptible organ to heavy metal intoxication as it is the main route of waste excretion. The harmful effects of Cd were previously well proved. Cd induces inflammatory responses, oxidative injury, mitochondrial dysfunction and disturbs Ca2+ homeostasis. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a cellular transcription factor that regulates inflammation and controls the expression of many inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, great therapeutic benefits can be attained from NF-κB inhibition. In this review we focused on certain compounds including cytochalasin D, mangiferin, N-acetylcysteine, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, roflumilast, rosmarinic acid, sildenafil, sinapic acid, telmisartan and wogonin and certain plants as Astragalus Polysaccharide, Ginkgo Biloba and Thymus serrulatus that potently inhibit NF-κB and effectively counteracted Cd-associated renal intoxication. In conclusion, the proposed NF-κB involvement in Cd-renal intoxication clarified the underlined inflammation associated with Cd-nephropathy and the beneficial effects of NF-κB inhibitors that make them the potential to substantially optimize treatment protocols for Cd-renal intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Osama S Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt.
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Protective Effect of Natural Medicinal Plants on Cardiomyocyte Injury in Heart Failure: Targeting the Dysregulation of Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Mitophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3617086. [PMID: 36132224 PMCID: PMC9484955 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3617086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure occurs because of various cardiovascular pathologies, such as coronary artery disease or cardiorenal syndrome, eventually reaching end-stage disease. Various factors contribute to cardiac structural or functional changes that result in systolic or diastolic dysfunction. Several studies have confirmed that the key factor in heart failure progression is myocardial cell death, and mitophagy is the major mechanism regulating myocardial cell death in heart failure. The clinical mechanisms of heart failure are well understood in practice. However, the essential role of mitophagic regulation in heart failure has only recently received widespread attention. Receptor-mediated mitophagy is involved in various mitochondrial processes like oxidative stress injury, energy metabolism disorders, and calcium homeostasis, which are also the main causes of heart failure. Understanding of the diverse regulatory mechanisms in mitophagy and the complexity of its pathophysiology in heart failure remains incomplete. Related studies have found that various natural medicinal plants and active ingredients, such as flavonoids and saponins, can regulate mitophagy to a certain extent, improve myocardial function, and protect myocardial cells. This review comprehensively covers the relevant mechanisms of different types of mitophagy in regulating heart failure pathology and controlling mitochondrial adaptability to stress injury. Further, it explores the relationship between mitophagy and cardiac ejection dysfunction. Natural medicinal plant-targeted regulation strategies and scientific evidence on mitophagy were provided to elucidate current and potential strategies to apply mitophagy-targeted therapy for heart failure.
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24
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Dahchour A. Anxiolytic and antidepressive potentials of rosmarinic acid: A review with a focus on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106421. [PMID: 36096427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders that have emerged as global health concerns. Anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs, such as benzodiazepines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and tricyclics, are the first line used in treating anxiety and depression. Although these drugs lack efficacy and have a delayed response time and numerous side effects, their widespread abuse and market continue to grow. Over time, traditional practices using natural and phytochemicals as alternative therapies to chemical drugs have emerged to treat many pathological conditions, including anxiety and depression. Recent preclinical studies have demonstrated that the phenolic compound, rosmarinic acid, is effective against several neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. In addition, rosmarinic acid showed various pharmacological effects, such as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, lung protective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, the potentialities of the use of rosmarinic acid in the treatment of nervous system-related disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are less or not yet reviewed. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to present several preclinical and clinical studies, when available, from different databases investigating the effects of rosmarinic acid on anxiety and depression. These studies showed that rosmarinic acid produces advantageous effects on anxiety and depression through its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review will examine and discuss the possibility that the anxiolytic and anti-depressive effects of rosmarinic acid could be associated with its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Dahchour
- Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco.
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25
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Watafua M, Ejiofor JI, Musa A, Ahmad MH. Acacia sieberiana (Fabaceae) attenuates paracetamol and Bile Duct Ligation-Induced hepatotoxicity via modulation of biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:959661. [PMID: 36059962 PMCID: PMC9437914 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.959661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The plant Acacia sieberiana (Fabaceae) is traditionally used to manage hepatitis. This research work aims to investigate the hepatoprotective effectiveness of root bark extract of Acacia sieberiana (ASE) against paracetamol (PCM) and bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced hepatotoxicity. The phytochemical and median lethal dose (LD50) investigations were conducted. The rats were pre-treated with the ASE (250, 750, and 1,500 mg/kg) once daily via oral route for 7 consecutive days. On the 8th day, liver injury was initiated by PCM administration (2 g/kg). Similarly, in the BDL-induced liver injury, the animals were administered ASE (125, 250, and 380 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days. After 24 h, blood samples and hepatic tissues were obtained for biochemical and histopathological investigations. Results: Phytocomponents determination revealed glycosides, triterpenes, glycosides, saponins, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids. The oral and intraperitoneal LD50 values of the ASE were >5,000 and 1,300 mg/kg, respectively. The ASE efficiently (p < 0.05) decreased the alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels and elevated the albumin and total protein (TP) levels. The direct bilirubin effectively (p < 0.05) decreased at 750 mg/kg. Besides, the extract efficiently elevated the glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in relation to the PCM hepatotoxic group. Also, the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was reduced by the ASE. Meanwhile, in the BDL-induced liver injury, the ASE remarkably (p < 0.05) declined the AST, ALP, bilirubin,and MDA. Besides, there was effective (p < 0.05) elevation in SOD, GPx and CAT in the ASE-treated groups. The morphology of liver tissue was preserved at 125 and 250 mg/kg ASE groups from BDL-induced necrosis and vascular congestion. Conclusion: The study shows that the ASE has hepatoprotective actions against liver damage by possible modulation of biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Watafua
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, NG, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, KD, Nigeria
| | - Jane I. Ejiofor
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, KD, Nigeria
| | - Aminu Musa
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, KD, Nigeria
| | - Mubarak Hussaini Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, KD, Nigeria
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26
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Topal M, Gulcin İ. Evaluation of the in vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic and anticholinergic properties of rosmarinic acid from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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27
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Wu S, Luo H, Zhong Z, Ai Y, Zhao Y, Liang Q, Wang Y. Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Quality Control of Xiasangju: A Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:930813. [PMID: 35814215 PMCID: PMC9259862 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.930813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a traditional Chinese herbal formula, Xiasangju (XSJ) is widely used in China for antipyresis and influenza treatment. However, XSJ still fails to have a comprehensive summary of the research progress in the last decade. This review summarizes the advanced research on the extraction process, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, and quality control of XSJ. Current research mainly focuses on quality control and the pharmacological effects of single herbs and active ingredients, but many pharmacological mechanisms of the formula are unclear. The development of active ingredients reflects the active characteristics of triterpenes, phenolic acids and flavonoids, but the hepatotoxicity of Prunella vulgaris L. has not been taken into account. XSJ has extensive historical practical experiences, while systematic clinical trials remain lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to study the active ingredients and define the mechanisms of XSJ to develop multiple applications, and further studies on the dose range between its hepatoprotective activity and hepatotoxicity are necessary to improve the safety of the clinical application. In this review, the current problems are discussed to facilitate the reference basis for the subsequent research on the development of XSJ and future application directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wu
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Hua Luo
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yongjian Ai
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghua Zhao, ; Qionglin Liang, ; Yitao Wang,
| | - Qionglin Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghua Zhao, ; Qionglin Liang, ; Yitao Wang,
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macau Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Yonghua Zhao, ; Qionglin Liang, ; Yitao Wang,
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28
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Berdowska I, Zieliński B, Matusiewicz M, Fecka I. Modulatory Impact of Lamiaceae Metabolites on Apoptosis of Human Leukemia Cells. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:867709. [PMID: 35784715 PMCID: PMC9240652 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.867709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamiaceae species are rich sources of biologically active compounds which have been applied in medicine since ancient times. Especially their antineoplastic properties have been thoroughly studied with respect to their putative application in chemoprevention and adjuvant therapy of cancer. However, the most known biological effects of Lamiaceae have been ascribed to their essential oil fractions, whereas their (poly)phenolic metabolites being also abundant in these plants, are much less recognized, nevertheless contributing to their beneficial properties, such as anti-cancer actions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of dried aqueous extracts from common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) (ExTv), wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) (ExTs), sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) (ExOm), and peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.) (ExMp), as well as (poly)phenolic compounds: caffeic acid (CA), rosmarinic acid (RA), lithospermic acid (LA), luteolin-7-O-β-glucuronide (Lgr), luteolin-7-O-rutinoside (Lr), eriodictyol-7-O-rutinoside (Er), and arbutin (Ab), on unstimulated Jurkat cells, in comparison with their effect on staurosporine-stimulated Jurkat cells. Jurkat T cells were incubated with different concentrations of ExTv, ExTs, ExOm, ExMp, Lgr, LA, Er, Lr, RA, CA, or Ab. Subsequently, staurosporine was added to half of the samples and flow cytometry combined with fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis was conducted, which allowed for the selection of early and late apoptotic cells. Both ExTs and ExOm stimulated apoptosis of Jurkat cells and enhanced the proapoptotic effect of staurosporine. Conversely, ExTv and ExMp demonstrated no clear effect on apoptosis. CA and RA raised the staurosporine-induced apoptotic effect. The impact of Er and Lgr on Jurkat cells showed fluctuations depending on the compound concentration. Neither Er nor Ab altered staurosporine-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells, whereas Lgr seemed to weaken the proapoptotic action of staurosporine. The most evident observation in this study was the pro-apoptotic action of ExTs and ExOm observed both in staurosporine-unstimulated and stimulated Jurkat cells. Additionally, an enhancement of staurosporine-induced apoptosis by caffeic and rosmarinic acids was reported. Therefore, it might be concluded that these are the mixtures of biologically active polyphenols which often exert more pronounced beneficial effects than purified molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Berdowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
- *Correspondence: Izabela Berdowska, ; Małgorzata Matusiewicz,
| | - Bogdan Zieliński
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Matusiewicz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
- *Correspondence: Izabela Berdowska, ; Małgorzata Matusiewicz,
| | - Izabela Fecka
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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29
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Guan H, Luo W, Bao B, Cao Y, Cheng F, Yu S, Fan Q, Zhang L, Wu Q, Shan M. A Comprehensive Review of Rosmarinic Acid: From Phytochemistry to Pharmacology and Its New Insight. Molecules 2022; 27:3292. [PMID: 35630768 PMCID: PMC9143754 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenolic acids are the widely occurring natural products in almost each herbal plant, among which rosmarinic acid (RA, C18H16O8) is well-known, and is present in over 160 species belonging to many families, especially the Lamiaceae. Aside from this herbal ingredient, dozens of its natural derivatives have also been isolated and characterized from many natural plants. In recent years, with the increasing focus on the natural products as alternative treatments, a large number of pharmacological studies have been carried out to demonstrate the various biological activities of RA such as anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, anti-virus, anti-tumor, neuroprotection, hepatoprotection, etc. In addition, investigations concerning its biosynthesis, extraction, analysis, clinical applications, and pharmacokinetics have also been performed. Although many achievements have been made in various research aspects, there still exist some problems or issues to be answered, especially its toxicity and bioavailability. Thus, we hope that in the case of natural products, the present review can not only provide a comprehensive understanding on RA covering its miscellaneous research fields, but also highlight some of the present issues and future perspectives worth investigating later, in order to help us utilize this polyphenolic acid more efficiently, widely, and safely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaquan Guan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.G.); (W.L.); (Q.F.)
| | - Wenbin Luo
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.G.); (W.L.); (Q.F.)
| | - Beihua Bao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yudan Cao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fangfang Cheng
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sheng Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiaoling Fan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (H.G.); (W.L.); (Q.F.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qinan Wu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mingqiu Shan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; (B.B.); (Y.C.); (F.C.); (S.Y.); (L.Z.); (Q.W.)
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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Cai G, Lin F, Wu D, Lin C, Chen H, Wei Y, Weng H, Chen Z, Wu M, Huang E, Ye Z, Ye Q. Rosmarinic Acid Inhibits Mitochondrial Damage by Alleviating Unfolded Protein Response. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:859978. [PMID: 35652041 PMCID: PMC9149082 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.859978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that perform important roles in cell biologies such as ATP synthesis, metabolic regulation, immunomodulatory, and apoptosis. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is connected with mitochondrial neuronal damage related to mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR). Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a naturally occurring hydroxylated polyphenolic chemical found in the Boraginaceae and the Labiatae subfamily Nepetoideae. This study looked into RA’s protective effect against mitochondrial loss in the substantia nigra (SN) caused by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), the underlying mechanism associated with the mtUPR. Pretreatment with RA reduced motor impairments and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in the SN of a mouse model injected with MPTP. Pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells from cell viability loss, morphological damage, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, RA pre-injection suppressed MPTP-induced mtUPR, lowered the expression of HSPA9, HSPE1, CLPP, LONP1, and SIRT 4, and protected the MPTP-mice and SH-SY5Y cells from mitochondrial failure. These findings imply that RA can prevent Parkinson’s disease by preventing mitochondrial damage in dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease via alleviating mitochondrial unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoen Cai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fabin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dihang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenxin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huiyun Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yicong Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huidan Weng
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiting Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minxia Wu
- Public Technology Service Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - En Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zucheng Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zucheng Ye, ; Qinyong Ye,
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zucheng Ye, ; Qinyong Ye,
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Faramayuda F, Mariani TS, Elfahmi, Sukrasno. Influence of elicitation and precursors on major secondary metabolite production in cultures of purple Orthosiphon aristatus Blume Miq. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Shen T, Gong D, Wang J, Sun G. Multi wavelengths fusion profiling for quality evaluation of Donglingcao tablets combined with electrochemical oscillation fingerprints and antioxidant activity analysis. ELECTROANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202200031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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33
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Guo S, Tan Y, Huang Z, Li Y, Liu W, Fan X, Zhang J, Stalin A, Fu C, Wu Z, Wang P, Zhou W, Liu X, Wu C, Jia S, Zhang J, Duan X, Wu J. Revealing Calcium Signaling Pathway as Novel Mechanism of Danhong Injection for Treating Acute Myocardial Infarction by Systems Pharmacology and Experiment Validation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:839936. [PMID: 35281886 PMCID: PMC8905633 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.839936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Danhong injection (DHI) is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation commonly used in the clinical treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this study, the active components of DHI and its mechanism in the treatment of AMI were investigated. Methods: The chemical components of DHI were detected by the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-linear trap quadrupole-orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS), and the targets and pathways of DHI in the treatment of AMI were analyzed by systems pharmacology, which was verified by molecular docking and animal experiments. Results: A total of 12 active components of DHI were obtained, and 158 common targets of component and disease were identified by systems pharmacology. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis results showed that DHI is closely related to the calcium signaling pathway in the treatment of AMI. Molecular docking showed that the key target protein has good binding affinity to related compounds. The experimental results showed that compared with the model group, LVAWs, EF, and FS significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the DHI group. The percentage of myocardial infarction significantly (p < 0.01) decreased, both in the ventricular and total cardiac regions, and the pathological damage of myocardial tissue also decreased. In addition, the expression of the protein CaMK II decreased (p < 0.01) and the expression of SERCA significantly increased (p < 0.01). Conclusion: This study revealed that ferulic acid, caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid could inhibit AMI by regulating PLB, CaMK II, SERCA, etc. And mechanistically, calcium signaling pathway was critically involved. Combination of systems pharmacology prediction with experimental validation may provide a scientific basis for in-depth clinical investigation of the material basis of DHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Tan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yikui Li
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyu Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotian Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Antony Stalin
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Changgeng Fu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhishan Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Penglong Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinkui Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Duan
- Beijing Zest Bridge Medical Technology Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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da Silva GB, Yamauchi MA, Zanini D, Bagatini MD. Novel possibility for cutaneous melanoma treatment by means of rosmarinic acid action on purinergic signaling. Purinergic Signal 2022; 18:61-81. [PMID: 34741236 PMCID: PMC8570242 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cases have increased significantly in Brazil and worldwide, with cutaneous melanoma (CM) being responsible for nearly 57,000 deaths in the world. Thus, this review article aims at exploring and proposed hypotheses with respect to the possibility that RA can be a promising and alternative compound to be used as an adjuvant in melanoma treatment, acting on purinergic signaling. The scarcity of articles evidencing the action of this compound in this signaling pathway requires further studies. Considering diverse evidence found in the literature, we hypothesize that RA can be an effective candidate for the treatment of CM acting as a modulating molecule of purinergic cellular pathway through P2X7 blocking, mitigating the Warburg effect, and as antagonic molecule of the P2Y12 receptor, reducing the formation of adhesive molecules that prevent adherence in tumor cells. In this way, our proposals for CM treatment based on targeting purinergic signaling permeate the integral practice, going from intracell to extracell. Undoubtedly, much is still to be discovered and elucidated about this promising compound, this paper being an interesting work baseline to support more research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilnei Bruno da Silva
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Milena Ayumi Yamauchi
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Daniela Zanini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Margarete Dulce Bagatini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil.
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Unraveling the beneficial effects of herbal Lebanese mixture “Za’atar”. History, studies, and properties of a potential healthy food ingredient. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Li Q, Tao X, Zhang Y. Rosmarinic acid alleviates diabetic osteoporosis by suppressing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in rats. Physiol Int 2022; 109:46-57. [PMID: 35230263 DOI: 10.1556/2060.2022.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disorder characterized by bone loss in diabetic patients, which causes an enormous social burden due to the unsatisfactory outcome of current therapeutic strategy. METHODS Based on the importance of inflammasome activation in diabetic osteoporosis, we evaluated the protective effect of an antioxidant, rosmarinic acid (RA) in diabetic osteoporosis. Bone marrow-derived monocytes isolated from rats were treated with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony stimulating factor to differentiate into mature osteoclasts (OCs). Next OCs were stimulated with RA under high glucose condition to evaluate bone resorption. Next, streptozotocin (STZ)-injected rats were orally treated with 50 mg kg-1 RA to analyze its effect on diabetic osteoporosis. RESULTS RA inhibited high glucose-stimulated inflammation and inflammasome activation in OCs. Bone resorption was also reduced after RA treatment as shown by the resorption pits assay. Moreover, RA significantly reduced bone resorption, alleviated bone weight loss and increased bone mineral density by inhibiting the activation of NACHT-LRR-PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in STZ-induced diabetic rats, leading to the improvement of diabetic osteoporosis. CONCLUSION RA effectively ameliorates diabetic osteoporosis in STZ-induced rats by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in OCs, which suggests that RA might serve as a potential candidate drug for treating diabetic osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Second People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230041, Anhui,China
| | - Xueshun Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230041, Anhui,China
| | - Yubing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Hefei, 230041, Anhui,China
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37
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Chupradit S, Bokov D, Zamanian MY, Heidari M, Hakimizadeh E. Hepatoprotective and therapeutic effects of resveratrol: A focus on anti-inflammatory and anti- oxidative activities. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 36:468-485. [PMID: 34935193 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Being the most essential organ in the body, the liver performs critical functions. Hepatic disorders, such as alcoholic liver disease, hepatic steatosis, liver fibrosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic failure, have an impact on the biochemical and physiological functions of the body. The main representative of the flavonoid subgroup of flavones, Resveratrol (RES), exhibits suitable pharmacological activities for treating various liver diseases, such as fatty hepatitis, liver steatosis, liver cancer and liver fibrosis. According to various studies, grapes and red wine are good sources of RES. RES has various health properties; it is anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative and hepatoprotective against several hepatic diseases and hepatoxicity. Therefore, we performed a thorough research and created a summary of the distinct targets of RES in various stages of liver diseases. We concluded that RES inhibited liver inflammation essentially by causing a significant decrease in the expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6. It also inhibits the transcription factor nuclear NF-κB that brings about the inflammatory cascade. RES also inhibits the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to induce apoptosis. Additionally, it reduces oxidative stress in hepatic tissue by markedly reducing MDA and NO contents, and significantly increasing the levels of CAT, SOD and reduced GSH, in addition to AST and ALT, against toxic chemicals like CC14, As2O3 and TTA. Due to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties, RES reduces liver injury markers. RES is safe natural antioxidant that provides pharmacological rectification of the hepatoxicity of toxic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supat Chupradit
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Dmitry Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mohammad Yassin Zamanian
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,School of Nahavand Paramedical, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Heidari
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Hakimizadeh
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Lemon Balm and Corn Silk Extracts Mitigate High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10122015. [PMID: 34943118 PMCID: PMC8698494 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10122015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lemon balm and corn silk are valuable medicinal herbs, which exhibit variety of beneficial effects for human health. The present study explored the anti-obesity effects of a mixture of lemon balm and corn silk extracts (M-LB/CS) by comparison with the effects of single herbal extracts in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. HFD supplementation for 84 days increased the body weight, the fat mass density, the mean diameter of adipocytes, and the thickness of fat pads. However, oral administration of M-LB/CS significantly alleviated the HFD-mediated weight gain and adipocyte hypertrophy without affecting food consumption. Of the various combination ratios of M-LB/CS tested, the magnitude of the decreases in weight gain and adipocyte hypertrophy by administration of 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, and 4:1 (w/w) M-LB/CS was more potent than that by single herbal extracts alone. In addition, M-LB/CS reduced the HFD-mediated increases in serum cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein, prevented the reduction in serum high-density lipoprotein, and facilitated fecal excretion of cholesterol and triglyceride. Moreover, M-LB/CS mitigated the abnormal changes in specific mRNAs associated with lipogenesis and lipolysis in the adipose tissue. Furthermore, M-LB/CS reduced lipid peroxidation by inhibiting the HFD-mediated reduction in glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Therefore, M-LB/CS is a promising herbal mixture for preventing obesity.
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Mahmoud MA, Okda TM, Omran GA, Abd-Alhaseeb MM. Rosmarinic acid suppresses inflammation, angiogenesis, and improves paclitaxel induced apoptosis in a breast cancer model via NF3 κB-p53-caspase-3 pathways modulation. J Appl Biomed 2021; 19:202-209. [PMID: 34907739 DOI: 10.32725/jab.2021.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid is a natural polyphenolic compound that is found in different plant species and used for different medicinal purposes. This study aimed to investigate the chemo-preventive effect of rosmarinic acid and evaluate its antitumor efficacy alone or in combination with Paclitaxel in breast cancer mice model. Ehrlich induced mice mammary solid tumor model was used in the study. Mice were treated with oral rosmarinic acid and intraperitoneal Paclitaxel. Inflammation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis were checked. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), quantitative real time PCR, and immunohistochemical methods were performed. Rosmarinic acid used prior to tumor induction suppressed NF-κB, TNF-α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) serum levels, and VEGF receptors. It also triggered apoptosis by restoring the levels of P53, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3. Furthermore, in Ehrlich solid tumor mice, rosmarinic acid, and/or Paclitaxel significantly suppressed tumor growth with an increase in apoptotic markers P53 and Caspase-3 levels, and suppressed the Bcl2/Bax ratio. Rosmarinic acid exerted chemo-preventive and therapeutic potential alone or in combination with Paclitaxel. Moreover, rosmarinic acid targets numerous signaling pathways associated with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Mahmoud
- Damanhour University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Behira, Egypt
| | - Tark M Okda
- Damanhour University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Behira, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Omran
- Damanhour University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Behira, Egypt
| | - Mohammad M Abd-Alhaseeb
- Damanhour University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Behira, Egypt
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40
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Chamkhi I, Benali T, Aanniz T, El Menyiy N, Guaouguaou FE, El Omari N, El-Shazly M, Zengin G, Bouyahya A. Plant-microbial interaction: The mechanism and the application of microbial elicitor induced secondary metabolites biosynthesis in medicinal plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:269-295. [PMID: 34391201 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants and microbes interact with each other via different chemical signaling pathways. At the risophere level, the microbes can secrete molecules, called elicitors, which act on their receptors located in plant cells. The so-called elicitor molecules as well as their actions differ according to the mcirobes and induce different bilogical responses in plants such as the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Microbial compounds induced phenotype changes in plants are known as elicitors and signaling pathways which integrate elicitor's signals in plants are called elicitation. In this review, the impact of microbial elicitors on the synthesis and the secretion of secondary metabolites in plants was highlighted. Moreover, biological properties of these bioactive compounds were also highlighted and discussed. Indeed, several bacteria, fungi, and viruses release elicitors which bind to plant cell receptors and mediate signaling pathways involved in secondary metabolites synthesis. Different phytochemical classes such as terpenoids, phenolic acids and flavonoids were synthesized and/or increased in medicinal plants via the action of microbial elicitors. Moreover, these compounds compounds exhibit numerous biological activities and can therefore be explored in drugs discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Chamkhi
- Centre GEOPAC, Laboratoire de Geobiodiversite et Patrimoine Naturel, Université Mohammed V de, Institut Scientifique Rabat, Maroc; University Mohammed VI Polytechnic, Agrobiosciences Program, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir, Morocco.
| | - Taoufiq Benali
- Environment and Health Team, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Safi, Morocco
| | - Tarik Aanniz
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory (MedBiotech), Rabat Medical & Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 6203 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Naoual El Menyiy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Fatima-Ezzahrae Guaouguaou
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology, and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Morocco.
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Heidari F, Komeili-Movahhed T, Hamidizad Z, Moslehi A. The protective effects of rosmarinic acid on ethanol-induced gastritis in male rats: antioxidant defense enhancement. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 16:305-314. [PMID: 34221064 PMCID: PMC8216161 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.314829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Gastritis is one of the most current gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. Alcohol consumption is one of the major factors, which provides gastritis. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is found in many plants and has powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the protective effect of RA was evaluated on the histopathological indices, antioxidant ability, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) secretion in male rats. Experimental approach: Forty-two animals were divided into control, ethanol-induced gastritis, and RA groups, 6 each. The protective groups included RA administration before gastritis induction at 50 mg (R-G50), 100 mg (R-G100), 150 mg (R-G150), and 200 mg (R-G200) doses. Gastritis was induced by gavage of 1 mL pure ethanol in fasted animals. After 1 h of gastritis induction, the rats were sacrificed and stomach tissue was removed. Findings/Results: Histological evaluation revealed that RA significantly attenuated gastric ulcers, leucocyte infiltration, and hyperemia. It also increased mucosal layer thickness and restored gastric glands. Furthermore, RA decreased malondialdehyde level, increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione in the stomach tissue, and raised gastric PGE2 level. Conclusion and implications: Our study demonstrated that rosmarinic acid has a notable effect on gastritis protection that could be due to increased antioxidant defense and PGE2 secretion, eventually maintenance of mucosal barrier integrity and gastric glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Heidari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, I.R. Iran
| | | | - Zeinab Hamidizad
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Moslehi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, I.R. Iran
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Vergara-Martínez VM, Estrada-Soto SE, Valencia-Díaz S, Garcia-Sosa K, Peña-Rodríguez LM, Arellano-García JDJ, Perea-Arango I. Methyl jasmonate enhances ursolic, oleanolic and rosmarinic acid production and sucrose induced biomass accumulation, in hairy roots of Lepechinia caulescens. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11279. [PMID: 33986996 PMCID: PMC8086586 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ursolic (UA), oleanolic (OA) and rosmarinic (RA) acids are bioactive metabolites found in Lepechinia caulescens that have generated interest for their health benefits, which include antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimutagenic, gastroprotective, antidiabetic, antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory properties, among others. To date, very few attempts have been made to evaluate the potential for simultaneous production of these bioactive compounds, using a biotechnological approach. Hairy root cultures offer a biotechnology approach that can be used to study the factors affecting the biosynthesis and the production of UA, OA and RA. In the current study, we established hairy root cultures of L. caulescens and evaluated the effect of sucrose on biomass accumulation, and the effect of different concentrations and times of exposure of methyl jasmonate (MeJA), on the accumulation of UA, OA and RA. Methods Leaves from plants of L. caulescens were inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain ATCC 15834. PCR of rolB gene confirmed the transgenic nature of hairy roots. Hairy roots were subcultured in semisolid MSB5 medium, supplemented with 15, 30, 45 or 60 g/L sucrose and after 4 weeks, dry weight was determined. The accumulation of UA, OA and RA of wild plants and hairy roots were determined by HPLC. Finally, the hairy roots were treated with 0, 100, 200 and 300 µM of MeJA and the content of bioactive compounds was analyzed, after 24, 48 and 72 h. Results High frequency transformation (75%) was achieved, using leaf explants from axenic seedlings, infected with A. rhizogenes. The hairy roots showed an enhanced linear biomass accumulation, in response to the increase in sucrose concentration. The hairy root cultures in MSB5 medium, supplemented with 45 g/L sucrose, were capable to synthesizing UA (0.29 ± 0.00 mg/g DW), OA (0.57 ± 0.00 mg/g DW) and RA (41.66 ± 0.31 mg/g DW), about two, seven and three times more, respectively, than in roots from wild plants. Elicitation time and concentration of MeJA resulted in significant enhancement in the production of UA, OA and RA, with treatments elicited for 24 h, with a concentration of 300 µM of MeJA, exhibiting greatest accumulation. Conclusion This is the first report on development of hairy root cultures of L. caulescens. Future studies should aim towards further improving triterpenes and polyphenolic compound production in hairy roots of L. caulescens, for use in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Vergara-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Samuel E Estrada-Soto
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Susana Valencia-Díaz
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Karlina Garcia-Sosa
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Luis Manuel Peña-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | | | - Irene Perea-Arango
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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Mladenova T, Stoyanov P, Denev P, Dimitrova S, Katsarova M, Teneva D, Todorov K, Bivolarska A. Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of the Balkan Endemic Micromeria frivaldszkyana (Degen) Velen. (Lamiaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10040710. [PMID: 33916903 PMCID: PMC8067600 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The current study investigates the content of sugars, organic acids, phenolic acids and flavonoids, as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Balkan-endemic Micromeria frivaldszkyana. Glucose was the most abundant sugar in the plant (2.77%), followed by fructose (1.18%) and galactose (0.82%). Eight organic acids were detected with quinic acid being in the highest content-556.3 mg/100 g DW. From the individual phenolic acids, rosmarinic acid was found in the most significant amounts (2040.1 ± 1.97 mg/100 g) and hesperidin was the major representative of flavonoids with content 131.2 ± 5.6 mg/100 g DW. The antioxidant activity of the plant was studied by six methods: 2,2'-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-286.4 ± 10.43 mM TE/g, 2,2'azinobis (3)-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS)-358.4 ± 10.4 mM TE/g, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)-388.0 ± 32.4 mM TE/g, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC)-905.6 ± 19.2 mM TE/g, Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC)-3250.5 ± 208.1 µmol TE/g and Hydroxyl Radical Averting Capacity (HORAC)-306.1 ± 23.5 µmol GAE/g. In vitro antimicrobial activity against nine microorganism was evaluated but the extract displayed antimicrobial activity only against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111 with inhibition zone diameter 9 mm and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 10 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Mladenova
- Department of Botany and Methods of Biology Teaching, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Assen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.M.); (P.S.); (K.T.)
| | - Plamen Stoyanov
- Department of Botany and Methods of Biology Teaching, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Assen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.M.); (P.S.); (K.T.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Boulevard, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Petko Denev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Boulevard, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (P.D.); (D.T.)
| | - Stela Dimitrova
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Boulevard, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Mariana Katsarova
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Boulevard, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (S.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Desislava Teneva
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Boulevard, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (P.D.); (D.T.)
| | - Krasimir Todorov
- Department of Botany and Methods of Biology Teaching, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, 24 Tzar Assen Street, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (T.M.); (P.S.); (K.T.)
| | - Anelia Bivolarska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Boulevard, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Hitl M, Kladar N, Gavarić N, Božin B. Rosmarinic Acid-Human Pharmacokinetics and Health Benefits. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:273-282. [PMID: 33285594 DOI: 10.1055/a-1301-8648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid is a phenolic compound commonly found in the Lamiaceae (Labiateae) plant species. It is considered responsible for a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities of plants containing this compound. The aim of the current review is to present the fate of rosmarinic acid inside the human body, explained through pharmacokinetic steps and to briefly present the health benefits of RA. Pharmacokinetics was at first studied in animal models, but several studies were conducted in humans as well. This compound can be applied topically, pulmonary, intranasally, and via intravenous infusion. However, peroral application is the main route of entry into the human body. Presumably, it is mainly metabolized by the gut microflora, providing simple, more easily absorbed phenolic units. Inside the body, the rosmarinic acid molecule undergoes structural changes, as well as conjugation reactions. Renal excretion represents the main path of elimination. Previously conducted studies reported no serious adverse effects of herbal remedies containing RA, as well as their positive effects on human health. In addition to in vitro studies, clinical investigations suggested its benefits in dermatological, allergic, and osteoarthritic disorders, as well as for improving cognitive performance and in metabolic syndrome treatment. Future studies should investigate the kinetics during long-term application in patients who would have potential benefits from RA usage. Pharmaceutical formulations designed to prevent the fast metabolism of RA and allow its penetration into other compartments of the human body are also interesting topics for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Hitl
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Kladar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Neda Gavarić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Biljana Božin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Serrano CA, Villena GK, Rodríguez EF. Phytochemical profile and rosmarinic acid purification from two Peruvian Lepechinia Willd. species (Salviinae, Mentheae, Lamiaceae). Sci Rep 2021; 11:7260. [PMID: 33790349 PMCID: PMC8012630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86692-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytochemical profile of Lepechinia meyenii (Walp.) Epling and Lepechina floribunda (Benth.) Epling obtained by liquid chromatography associated with high-resolution mass spectrometry is presented. Forty eight compounds were detected exhibiting a variety of salvianolic acids and abietane phenolic diterpenoids. A simple procedure by cold evaporative crystallization to purify rosmarinic acid from these botanical species was also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Serrano
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru.
| | - Gretty K Villena
- Laboratorio de Micología y Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Eric F Rodríguez
- Herbarium Truxillense (HUT), Universidad Nacional de Trujillo-Perú, Trujillo, Peru
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Ielciu I, Sevastre B, Olah NK, Turdean A, Chișe E, Marica R, Oniga I, Uifălean A, Sevastre-Berghian AC, Niculae M, Benedec D, Hanganu D. Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity and Oxidative Stress Reduction of Rosmarinus officinalis L. Shoots Tincture in Rats with Experimentally Induced Hepatotoxicity. Molecules 2021; 26:1737. [PMID: 33804618 PMCID: PMC8003693 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinus officinalis L. is a widely known species for its medicinal uses, that is also used as raw material for the food and cosmetic industry. The aim of the present study was to offer a novel perspective on the medicinal product originating from this species and to test its hepatoprotective activity. The tested sample consisted in a tincture obtained from the fresh young shoots. Compounds that are evaluated for this activity are polyphenols and terpenoids, that are identified and quantified by HPLC-UV-MS and GC-MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed in vitro, using the DPPH, FRAP and SO assays. Hepatoprotective activity was tested in rats with experimentally-induced hepatotoxicity. In the chemical composition of the tincture, phenolic diterpenes (carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmanol, rosmadial) and rosmarinic acid were found to be the majority compounds, alongside with 1,8-cineole, camphene, linalool, borneol and terpineol among monoterpenes. In vitro, the tested tincture proved significant antioxidant capacity. Results of the in vivo experiment showed that hepatoprotective activity is based on an antioxidant mechanism. In this way, the present study offers a novel perspective on the medicinal uses of the species, proving significant amounts of polyphenols and terpenes in the composition of the fresh young shoots tincture, that has proved hepatoprotective activity through an antioxidant mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Ielciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Sevastre
- Department of Clinic and Paraclinic Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Neli-Kinga Olah
- PlantExtrakt, 407059 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (N.-K.O.); (A.T.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Industry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania
| | - Andreea Turdean
- PlantExtrakt, 407059 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (N.-K.O.); (A.T.)
| | - Elisabeta Chișe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vasile Goldiş Western University of Arad, 310414 Arad, Romania;
| | - Raluca Marica
- Department of Clinic and Paraclinic Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ilioara Oniga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.O.); (D.H.)
| | - Alina Uifălean
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alexandra C. Sevastre-Berghian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Niculae
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division and Infectious Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Daniela Benedec
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.O.); (D.H.)
| | - Daniela Hanganu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.O.); (D.H.)
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Luo C, Sun H, Peng J, Gao C, Bao L, Ji R, Zhang C, Zhu W, Jin Y. Rosmarinic acid exerts an antagonistic effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by regulating the YAP1/TAZ-PPARγ/PGC-1α signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2021; 35:1010-1022. [PMID: 32914480 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a water-soluble phenolic compound extracted from Boraginaceae and Lamiaceae. This study was designed to investigate the role and mechanism of action of RA in improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Male SD rats maintained on a high fat diet and L02 cells stimulated with oleic acid were treated with RA. Our results showed that RA significantly reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and malondialdehyde levels and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, superoxide dismutase and adenosine triphosphate levels both in vivo and in vitro. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and oil red O staining showed that RA had a good lipid-lowering effect and substantial protective effects on liver injury. Transmission electron microscopy and JC-1 fluorescence results showed that RA could improve mitochondrial damage in hepatocytes. Additionally, flow cytometry results indicated that RA inhibited ROS generation and apoptosis in L02 cells. The impaired hepatocytes were restored by using RA in NAFLD models characterized by down-regulating YAP1 and TAZ, meanwhile up-regulating PPARγ and PGC-1α. When YAP1 was over-expressed, RA reduced the expression of YAP1; however, the action of RA was significantly blocked by silencing YAP1. The experimental results indicated that RA markedly alleviated NAFLD by repairing mitochondrial damage and regulating the YAP1/TAZ-PPARγ/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxu Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cong Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liuchi Bao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Renpeng Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenhan Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Jafaripour L, Naserzadeh R, Alizamani E, Javad Mashhadi SM, Moghadam ER, Nouryazdan N, Ahmadvand H. Effects of Rosmarinic Acid on Methotrexate-induced Nephrotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Rats. Indian J Nephrol 2021; 31:218-224. [PMID: 34376933 PMCID: PMC8330652 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_14_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Methotrexate (MTX), used in the treatment of cancerous patients, causes toxicity in the different organs of the body. This study of rosmarinic acid (RA) is as an antioxidant on nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by MTX. Methods: Rats (n = 32) were divided into four groups: sham; MTX; 100 mg\kg RA + MTX; 200 mg/kg RA + MTX. The amount of MTX was 20 mg/kg. 24 hours after injection of the last dose of MTX, the blood samples and kidneys and liver of rats were studied. The aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, serum creatinine were assessed. Tissue antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured. The liver and kidney tissues were histopathologically examined. Results: MTX significantly increased the urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, ALP levels, and renal MDA and significantly decreased renal catalase (CAT), hepatic glutathione (GSH), and hepatic CAT activity. MTX induced necrosis, leukocyte infiltration, eosinophilic casts, glomerular damage in kidney tissue and necrosis, degeneration and cellular vacuolization in liver tissues. RA at 100 mg/kg caused a significant decrease in ALT and AST and at two doses significantly decreased urea, renal MDA, and liver MDA. RA at 200 mg/kg significantly increased the renal CAT and liver GSH. RA in two doses significantly decreased necrosis and Leukocyte infiltration. RA caused a significant decrease in degeneration and cellular vacuolization in liver tissues. Conclusions: RA with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics decreased the MTX induced nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Jafaripour
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Reza Naserzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Ehsan Alizamani
- Student Research Committee, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | | | - Ebrahim Rahmani Moghadam
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Nouryazdan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Hassan Ahmadvand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.,Razi Herbal Researches Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Flavonoids as natural phenolic compounds and their role in therapeutics: an overview. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021; 7:25. [PMID: 33495733 PMCID: PMC7816146 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00161-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural plants and plant-derived formulations have been used by mankind from the ancient period of time. For the past few years, many investigations elaborated the therapeutic potential of various secondary chemicals present in the plants. Literature revealed that the various secondary metabolites, viz. phenolics and flavonoids, are responsible for a variety of therapeutic action in humans. Main body In the present review, an attempt has been made to compile the exploration of natural phenolic compounds with major emphasis on flavonoids and their therapeutic potential too. Interestingly, long-term intake of many dietary foods (rich in phenolics) proved to be protective against the development and management of diabetes, cancer, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Conclusion This review presents an overview of flavonoid compounds to use them as a potential therapeutic alternative in various diseases and disorders. In addition, the present understanding of phenolics and flavonoids will serve as the basis for the next scientific studies.
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50
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Ibrahim EA, Moawed FSM, Moustafa EM. Suppression of inflammatory cascades via novel cinnamic acid nanoparticles in acute hepatitis rat model. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 696:108658. [PMID: 33144082 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis was characterized by extreme inflammation and hepatocellular damage. Therefore, the current study aimed to gain insights into the modulation role of Cinnamic acid nanoparticles (CANPs) against acute hepatitis induced by d-Galactosamine and gamma radiation exposure (D-Gal/radiation) in the rat model and to suggest the implied molecular mechanism of CANPs. Acute hepatitis seriousness and the serum enzyme activities of ALT, AST, and ALP have been diminished upon oral administration of CANPs. Besides, the hepatic tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) have been significantly decreased, and the total antioxidant activity (TAO) depletion was extremely restored. Furthermore, the reduction of hepatic damage caused by pretreatment with CANPs was accompanied by significant suppression in the levels of hepatic proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-18), NF-κB, NLRP3, caspase-1 and proapoptotic protein BAX whereas anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 level significantly elevated as compared with D-Gal/radiation-induced acute hepatitis (AH) group. Also, CANPs suppress the D-Gal/radiation-induced IL-1β, IL-18, and ASK1 mRNA gene expression and the protein expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in the hepatic tissue. These biochemical parameters are confirmed by histological examination of the liver tissues. The present results indicated that CANPs can protect the hepatic cells from damage by both its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant influence as well as by modulating oxidation cellular pathways that have contributed to the acute severity of hepatitis. Also, CANPs is capable of suppressing apoptosis. Consequently, Nanoparticles of Cinnamic acid have the medicinal ability to protect the liver from acute hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A Ibrahim
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma S M Moawed
- Health Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas M Moustafa
- Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
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