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Stephan S, Galland S, Labbani Narsis O, Shoji K, Vachenc S, Gerart S, Nicolle C. Agent-based approaches for biological modeling in oncology: A literature review. Artif Intell Med 2024; 152:102884. [PMID: 38703466 DOI: 10.1016/j.artmed.2024.102884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Computational modeling involves the use of computer simulations and models to study and understand real-world phenomena. Its application is particularly relevant in the study of potential interactions between biological elements. It is a promising approach to understand complex biological processes and predict their behavior under various conditions. METHODOLOGY This paper is a review of the recent literature on computational modeling of biological systems. Our study focuses on the field of oncology and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and, in particular, agent-based modeling (ABM), between 2010 and May 2023. RESULTS Most of the articles studied focus on improving the diagnosis and understanding the behaviors of biological entities, with metaheuristic algorithms being the models most used. Several challenges are highlighted regarding increasing and structuring knowledge about biological systems, developing holistic models that capture multiple scales and levels of organization, reproducing emergent behaviors of biological systems, validating models with experimental data, improving computational performance of models and algorithms, and ensuring privacy and personal data protection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Stephan
- UTBM, CIAD UMR 7533, Belfort, F-90010, France; Université de Bourgogne, CIAD UMR 7533, Dijon, F-21000, France.
| | | | | | - Kenji Shoji
- Oncodesign Precision Medicine (OPM), 18 Rue Jean Mazen, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Sébastien Vachenc
- Oncodesign Precision Medicine (OPM), 18 Rue Jean Mazen, Dijon, F-21000, France
| | - Stéphane Gerart
- Oncodesign Precision Medicine (OPM), 18 Rue Jean Mazen, Dijon, F-21000, France
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Despotović A, Janjetović K, Zogović N, Tovilović-Kovačević G. Pharmacological Akt and JNK Kinase Inhibitors 10-DEBC and SP600125 Potentiate Anti-Glioblastoma Effect of Menadione and Ascorbic Acid Combination in Human U251 Glioblastoma Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2652. [PMID: 37893026 PMCID: PMC10604608 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by a highly invasive nature and therapy resistance. Combination of menadione and ascorbic acid (AA+MD) exerts strong ROS-mediated anti-GBM activity in vitro. The objective of this study was to improve AA+MD anti-GBM potential by modulating the activity of Akt and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), molecules with an important role in GBM development. The effects of Akt and JNK modulation on AA+MD toxicity in U251 human glioblastoma cells were assessed by cell viability assays, flow cytometry, RNA interference and plasmid overexpression, and immunoblot analysis. The AA+MD induced severe oxidative stress, an early increase in Akt phosphorylation followed by its strong inhibition, persistent JNK activation, and U251 cell death. Small molecule Akt kinase inhibitor 10-DEBC enhanced, while pharmacological and genetic Akt activation decreased, AA+MD-induced toxicity. The U251 cell death potentiation by 10-DEBC correlated with an increase in the combination-induced autophagic flux and was abolished by genetic autophagy silencing. Additionally, pharmacological JNK inhibitor SP600125 augmented combination toxicity toward U251 cells, an effect linked with increased ROS accumulation. These results indicate that small Akt and JNK kinase inhibitors significantly enhance AA+MD anti-GBM effects by autophagy potentiation and amplifying deleterious ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Despotović
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.D.); (K.J.)
| | - Kristina Janjetović
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.D.); (K.J.)
| | - Nevena Zogović
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.D.); (K.J.)
| | - Gordana Tovilović-Kovačević
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Zhou Z, Liang S, Zhou Z, Liu J, Meng X, Liu L, Zou F, Yu C, Cai S. House dust mite disrupts the airway epithelial barrier by affecting the expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin through inducing Atg5. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2128-2130. [PMID: 37469013 PMCID: PMC10476836 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Shixiu Liang
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Zili Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jieyi Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Laiyu Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Changhui Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Shaoxi Cai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
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Kundu M, Das S, Das CK, Kulkarni G, Das S, Dhara D, Mandal M. Magnolol induces cytotoxic autophagy in glioma by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Exp Cell Res 2023; 424:113488. [PMID: 36736226 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is difficult-to-treat because of its infiltrative nature and the presence of the blood-brain barrier. Temozolomide is the only FDA-approved drug for its management. Therefore, finding a novel chemotherapeutic agent for glioma is of utmost importance. Magnolol, a neolignan, has been known for its apoptotic role in glioma. In this work, we have explored a novel anti-glioma mechanism of Magnolol associated with its role in autophagy modulation. We found increased expression levels of Beclin-1, Atg5-Atg12, and LC3-II and lower p62 expression in Magnolol-treated glioma cells. PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins were also downregulated in Magnolol-treated glioma cells. Next, we treated the glioma cells with Insulin, a stimulator of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, to confirm that Magnolol induced autophagy by inhibiting this pathway. Insulin reversed the effect on Magnolol-mediated autophagy induction. We also established the same in in vivo glioma model where Magnolol showed an anti-glioma effect by inducing autophagy. To confirm the cytotoxic effect of Magnolol-induced autophagy, we used Chloroquine, a late-stage autophagy inhibitor. Chloroquine efficiently reversed the anti-glioma effects of Magnolol both in vitro and in vivo. Our study revealed the cytotoxic effect of Magnolol-induced autophagy in glioma, which was not previously reported. Additionally, Magnolol showed no toxicity in non-cancerous cell lines as well as rat organs. Thus, we concluded that Magnolol is an excellent candidate for developing new therapeutic strategies for glioma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Kundu
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Subhayan Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Chandan Kanta Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Gaurav Kulkarni
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Soumen Das
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Dibakar Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Mahitosh Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
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Nasrolahi A, Azizidoost S, Radoszkiewicz K, Najafi S, Ghaedrahmati F, Anbiyaee O, Khoshnam SE, Farzaneh M, Uddin S. Signaling pathways governing glioma cancer stem cells behavior. Cell Signal 2023; 101:110493. [PMID: 36228964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant brain tumor that develops in the glial tissue. Several studies have identified that glioma cancer stem cells (GCSCs) play important roles in tumor-initiating features in malignant gliomas. GCSCs are a small population in the brain that presents an essential role in the metastasis of glioma cells to other organs. These cells can self-renew and differentiate, which are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of glioma. Therefore, targeting GCSCs might be a novel strategy for the treatment of glioma. Accumulating evidence revealed that several signaling pathways, including Notch, TGF-β, Wnt, STAT3, AKT, and EGFR mediated GCSC growth, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Besides, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including miRNAs, circular RNAs, and long ncRNAs have been found to play pivotal roles in the regulation of GCSC pathogenesis and drug resistance. Therefore, targeting these pathways could open a new avenue for glioma management. In this review, we summarized critical signaling pathways involved in the stimulation or prevention of GCSCs tumorigenesis and invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Nasrolahi
- Infectious Ophthalmologic Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shirin Azizidoost
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Klaudia Radoszkiewicz
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
| | - Sajad Najafi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhoodeh Ghaedrahmati
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Anbiyaee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Nemazi Hospital, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Farzaneh
- Fertility, Infertility and Perinatology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
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Li X, Huang Z, Zhu L, Yu F, Feng M, Gu A, Jiang J, Wang G, Huang D. Prognostic Model and Nomogram Construction and Validation With an Autophagy-Related Gene Signature in Low-Grade Gliomas. Front Genet 2022; 13:905751. [PMID: 35923699 PMCID: PMC9342864 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.905751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autophagy plays a vital role in cancer development. However, the prognostic value of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in low-grade gliomas (LGG) is unclear. This research aimed to investigate whether ARGs correlated with overall survival (OS) in LGG patients. Methods: RNA-sequencing data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) TARGET GTEx database. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis of ARGs were performed by the “clusterprofile” R package. Cox regression with the wald χ2 test was employed to identify prognostic significant ARGs. Next, the receiver operator characteristic curves were established to evaluate the feasibility of risk score (riskscore=h0(t)exp(∑j=1nCoefj×Xj)) and other clinical risk factors to predict prognosis. A nomogram was constructed. Correlations between clinical features and ARGs were further verified by a t-test or Kruskal–Wallis test. In addition, the correlations between autophagy and immune cells were assessed through the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and tumor immune estimation resource database. Last, the prediction model was verified by LGG data downloaded from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) database. Results: Overall, 35 DE-ARGs were identified. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these genes were mainly related to oxidative stress and regulation of autophagy. Nine ARGs (BAX, BIRC5, CFLAR, DIRAS3, GRID2, MAPK9, MYC, PTK6, and TP53) were significantly associated with OS. Age (Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.063, 95% CI: 1.046–1.080), grade (HR = 3.412, 95% CI: 2.164–5.379), histological type (HR = 0.556, 95% CI: 0.346–0.893), and risk score (HR = 1.135, 95% CI: 1.104–1.167) were independent prognostic risk factors (all p < 0.05). In addition, BIRC5, CFLAR, DIRAS3, TP53, and risk scores were found to correlate significantly with age and tumor grade (all p < 0.05). Immune cell enrichment analysis demonstrated that the types of immune cells and their expression levels in the high-risk group were significantly different from those in the low-risk group (all p < 0.05). A prognostic nomogram was constructed to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival, and the prognostic value of sorted ARGs were verified in the CGGA database and clinical samples. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the 9 DE-ARGs’ risk score model could serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. The prognostic nomograms could be useful for individualized survival prediction and improved treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Huang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minghao Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiqin Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taizhou People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianxin Jiang, ; Guangxue Wang, ; Dongya Huang,
| | - Guangxue Wang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianxin Jiang, ; Guangxue Wang, ; Dongya Huang,
| | - Dongya Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jianxin Jiang, ; Guangxue Wang, ; Dongya Huang,
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Fu X, Hong L, Gong H, Kan G, Zhang P, Cui TT, Fan G, Si X, Zhu J. Identification of a Nomogram with an Autophagy-Related Risk Signature for Survival Prediction in Patients with Glioma. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:1517-1535. [PMID: 35210825 PMCID: PMC8857975 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s335571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioma is a common type of tumor in the central nervous system characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Autophagy plays vital roles in the development and progression of glioma, and is involved in both normal physiological and various pathophysiological progresses. Patients and Methods A total of 531 autophagy-related genes (ARGs) were obtained and 1738 glioma patients were collected from three public databases. We performed least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression to identify the optimal prognosis-related genes and constructed an autophagy-related risk signature. The performance of the signature was validated by receiver operating characteristic analysis, survival analysis, clinic correlation analysis, and Cox regression. A nomogram model was established by using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Schoenfeld’s global and individual test were used to estimate time-varying covariance for the assumption of the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. The R programming language was used as the main data analysis and visualizing tool. Results An overall survival-related risk signature consisting of 15 ARGs was constructed and significantly stratified glioma patients into high- and low-risk groups (P < 0.0001). The area under the ROC curve of 1-, 3-, 5-year survival was 0.890, 0.923, and 0.889, respectively. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses indicated that the risk signature was a satisfactory independent prognostic factor. Moreover, a nomogram model integrating risk signature with clinical information for predicting survival rates of patients with glioma was constructed (C-index=0.861±0.024). Conclusion This study constructed a novel and reliable ARG-related risk signature, which was verified as a satisfactory prognostic marker. The nomogram model could provide a reference for individually predicting the prognosis for each patient with glioma and promoting the selection of optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Fu
- Department of Ultrasound, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luwei Hong
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiying Gong
- Department of Ultrasound, Yiwu Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangjuan Kan
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting-Ting Cui
- Department of Ultrasound, Taizhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, 318000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gonglin Fan
- Department of Ultrasound, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Si
- Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Jiang Zhu, Department of Ultrasound, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 31000, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13757122629, Email
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CWHM-1008 Induces Apoptosis and Protective Autophagy through the Akt/mTOR Axis in LUAD Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2021:5548128. [PMID: 35096055 PMCID: PMC8799368 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5548128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that antiparasitic agents showed promising inhibitory effects on tumors, raising a possibility that repositioning this class of drugs may shed new light on clinical therapy against tumors. CWHM-1008 is a novel class of antimalarial drug; however, the inhibitory impact of CWHM-1008 on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the anticancer effect and underlying mechanisms of CWHM-1008 on LUAD cells in vitro and in vivo. Human LUAD cells, H358 and A549, were treated with varying concentrations of CWHM-1008 at different lengths of time. Cell viability, colony formation, cell count, flow cytometry findings, microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3-green- (LC3-) GFP/RFP adenovirus infection status, and the expression of apoptosis and autophagy-related proteins were examined. Potential effects of an autophagy inhibitor (LY294002) and constitutively active Akt plasmid (CA-Akt) on CWHM-1008-induced apoptosis were also examined. Our results showed that CWHM-1008 significantly inhibited proliferation, induced apoptosis, and enhanced autophagy flux by blocking the RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase/the mammalian target of rapamycin (Akt/mTOR) axis in two LUAD cells. In addition, autophagy inhibited by LY294002 or CA-Akt transfection accelerated CWHM-1008-induced apoptosis in those LUAD cells. Moreover, CWHM-1008 significantly inhibited the growth and induced apoptosis of A549 cell in nude mice in vivo. The present findings provide new insights into anticancer properties of CWHM-1008, suggesting that it may be an adjuvant treatment for LUAD treatment, warranting further study.
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Fan Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Dong X, Gao P, Liu K, Ma C, Zhao G. Breaking Bad: Autophagy Tweaks the Interplay Between Glioma and the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:746621. [PMID: 34671362 PMCID: PMC8521049 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.746621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Though significant strides in tumorigenic comprehension and therapy modality have been witnessed over the past decades, glioma remains one of the most common and malignant brain tumors characterized by recurrence, dismal prognosis, and therapy resistance. Immunotherapy advance holds promise in glioma recently. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy varies among individuals with glioma, which drives researchers to consider the modest levels of immunity in the central nervous system, as well as the immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Considering the highly conserved property for sustaining energy homeostasis in mammalian cells and repeatedly reported links in malignancy and drug resistance, autophagy is determined as a cutting angle to elucidate the relations between glioma and the TIME. In this review, heterogeneity of TIME in glioma is outlined along with the reciprocal impacts between them. In addition, controversies on whether autophagy behaves cytoprotectively or cytotoxically in cancers are covered. How autophagy collapses from its homeostasis and aids glioma malignancy, which may depend on the cell type and the cellular context such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level, are briefly discussed. The consecutive application of autophagy inducers and inhibitors may improve the drug resistance in glioma after overtreatments. It also highlights that autophagy plays a pivotal part in modulating glioma and the TIME, respectively, and the intricate interactions among them. Specifically, autophagy is manipulated by either glioma or tumor-associated macrophages to conform one side to the other through exosomal microRNAs and thereby adjust the interactions. Given that some of the crosstalk between glioma and the TIME highly depend on the autophagy process or autophagic components, there are interconnections influenced by the status and well-being of cells presumably associated with autophagic flux. By updating the most recent knowledge concerning glioma and the TIME from an autophagic perspective enhances comprehension and inspires more applicable and effective strategies targeting TIME while harnessing autophagy collaboratively against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuechao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pu Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chengyuan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Su W, Liao M, Tan H, Chen Y, Zhao R, Jin W, Zhu S, Zhang Y, He L, Liu B. Identification of autophagic target RAB13 with small-molecule inhibitor in low-grade glioma via integrated multi-omics approaches coupled with virtual screening of traditional Chinese medicine databases. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13135. [PMID: 34632655 PMCID: PMC8666277 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Autophagy, a highly conserved lysosomal degradation process in eukaryotic cells, has been widely reported closely related to the progression of many types of human cancers, including LGG; however, the intricate relationship between autophagy and LGG remains to be clarified. Materials and methods Multi‐omics methods were used to integrate omics data to determine potential autophagy regulators in LGG. The expression of ZFP36L2 and RAB13 in SW1088 cells was experimentally manipulated using cDNAs and small interfering RNAs (siRNA). RT‐qPCR detects RNAi gene knockout and cDNA overexpression efficiency. The expression levels of proteins in SW1088 cells were evaluated using Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence analysis. Homology modelling and molecular docking were used to identify compounds from Multi‐Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Databases. The apoptosis ratios were determined by flow cytometry analysis of Annexin‐V/PI double staining. We detect the number of autophagosomes by GFP‐MRFP‐LC3 plasmid transfection to verify the process of autophagy flow. Results We integrated various omics data from LGG, including EXP, MET and CNA data, with the SNF method and the LASSO algorithm, and identified ZFP36L2 and RAB13 as positive regulators of autophagy, which are closely related to the core autophagy regulators. Both transcription level and protein expression level of the four autophagy regulators, including ULK1, FIP200, ATG16L1 and ATG2B, and LC3 puncta were increased by ZFP36L2 and RAB13 overexpression. In addition, RAB13 participates in autophagy through ATG2B, FIP200, ULK1, ATG16L1 and Beclin‐1. Finally, we screened multi‐TCM databases and identified gallic acid as a novel potential RAB13 inhibitor, which was confirmed to negatively regulate autophagy as well as to induce cell death in SW1088 cells. Conclusion Our study identified the key autophagic regulators ZFP36L2 and Rab13 in LGG progression, and demonstrated that gallic acid is a small molecular inhibitor of RAB13, which negatively regulates autophagy and provides a possible small molecular medicine for the subsequent treatment of LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Su
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minru Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Huidan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanmei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenke Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiou Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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11
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Momtazmanesh S, Rezaei N. Long Non-Coding RNAs in Diagnosis, Treatment, Prognosis, and Progression of Glioma: A State-of-the-Art Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:712786. [PMID: 34322395 PMCID: PMC8311560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.712786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant central nervous system tumor with significant mortality and morbidity. Despite considerable advances, the exact molecular pathways involved in tumor progression are not fully elucidated, and patients commonly face a poor prognosis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently drawn extra attention for their potential roles in different types of cancer as well as non-malignant diseases. More than 200 lncRNAs have been reported to be associated with glioma. We aimed to assess the roles of the most investigated lncRNAs in different stages of tumor progression and the mediating molecular pathways in addition to their clinical applications. lncRNAs are involved in different stages of tumor formation, invasion, and progression, including regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, tumor stemness, angiogenesis, the integrity of the blood-tumor-brain barrier, tumor metabolism, and immunological responses. The well-known oncogenic lncRNAs, which are upregulated in glioma, are H19, HOTAIR, PVT1, UCA1, XIST, CRNDE, FOXD2-AS1, ANRIL, HOXA11-AS, TP73-AS1, and DANCR. On the other hand, MEG3, GAS5, CCASC2, and TUSC7 are tumor suppressor lncRNAs, which are downregulated. While most studies reported oncogenic effects for MALAT1, TUG1, and NEAT1, there are some controversies regarding these lncRNAs. Expression levels of lncRNAs can be associated with tumor grade, survival, treatment response (chemotherapy drugs or radiotherapy), and overall prognosis. Moreover, circulatory levels of lncRNAs, such as MALAT1, H19, HOTAIR, NEAT1, TUG1, GAS5, LINK-A, and TUSC7, can provide non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic tools. Modulation of expression of lncRNAs using antisense oligonucleotides can lead to novel therapeutics. Notably, a profound understanding of the underlying molecular pathways involved in the function of lncRNAs is required to develop novel therapeutic targets. More investigations with large sample sizes and increased focus on in-vivo models are required to expand our understanding of the potential roles and application of lncRNAs in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Momtazmanesh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Lensoside Aβ as an Adjuvant to the Anti-Glioma Potential of Sorafenib. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112637. [PMID: 34072003 PMCID: PMC8198162 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Flavonoids are plant polyphenolic secondary metabolites, commonly consumed in the human diet. Lensoside Aβ is a quercetin glycoside isolated from the aerial parts of lentil (Lens culinaris) organs. The activity of this secondary metabolite, especially in terms of its anticancer potential, has been poorly studied. Currently, there are no published data about the effect of this flavonoid on gliomas, which are so-far incurable, aggressive neoplasms of the central nervous system with a highly infiltrative character. In this study, we found that lensoside Aβ itself exhibits poor anti-glioma properties but exerts a strongly potentiated effect in combination with sorafenib (inhibitor of Raf kinase) on apoptosis induction in cancer cells. Our results have shown that sorafenib with lensoside Aβ seems to be a promising combination that might be useful in glioma therapy. Additionally, the former observation, pointing to the key role of flavonoids as adjuvants in chemotherapy, is confirmed. Abstract Aim: The anti-glioma effect of lensoside Aβ alone and in combination with sorafenib (pro-survival Raf kinase inhibitor) was evaluated for the first time in terms of programmed cell death induction in anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme cell lines as an experimental model. Apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis were identified microscopically (fluorescence and scanning microscopes) and confirmed by flow cytometry (mitochondrial membrane potential MMP and cell death). The expression of apoptotic (caspase 3) and autophagic markers (beclin 1) as well as Raf kinase were estimated by immunoblotting. The FTIR method was used to determine the interaction of the studied drugs with lipid and protein groups within cells, while the modes of drug action within the cells were assessed with the FLIM technique. Results: Lensoside Aβ itself does not exhibit anti-glioma activity but significantly enhances the anti-cancer potential of sorafenib, initiating mainly apoptosis of up to 90% of cells. It was correlated with an increased level of active caspase 3, a reduced MMP value, and a lower level of Raf kinase. The interaction with membrane structures led to morphological changes typical of programmed death. Conclusions: Our results indicate that lensoside Aβ plays an important role as an adjuvant in chemotherapy with sorafenib and may be a potential candidate in anti-glioma combination therapy.
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13
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Zając A, Sumorek-Wiadro J, Langner E, Wertel I, Maciejczyk A, Pawlikowska-Pawlęga B, Pawelec J, Wasiak M, Hułas-Stasiak M, Bądziul D, Rzeski W, Reichert M, Jakubowicz-Gil J. Involvement of PI3K Pathway in Glioma Cell Resistance to Temozolomide Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105155. [PMID: 34068110 PMCID: PMC8152763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the anticancer potential of LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) and temozolomide using glioblastoma multiforme (T98G) and anaplastic astrocytoma (MOGGCCM) cells. Apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, and granules in the cytoplasm were identified microscopically (fluorescence and electron microscopes). The mitochondrial membrane potential was studied by flow cytometry. The activity of caspases 3, 8, and 9 and Akt was evaluated fluorometrically, while the expression of Beclin 1, PI3K, Akt, mTOR, caspase 12, and Hsp27 was determined by immunoblotting. SiRNA was used to block Hsp27 and PI3K expression. Cell migration and localization of Hsp27 were tested with the wound healing assay and immunocytochemistry, respectively. LY294002 effectively diminished the migratory potential and increased programmed death of T98G and MOGGCCM. Autophagy was dominant in MOGGCCM, while apoptosis was dominant in T98G. LY294002 with temozolomide did not potentiate cell death but redirected autophagy toward apoptosis, which was correlated with ER stress. A similar effect was observed after blocking PI3K expression with siRNA. Transfection with Hsp27 siRNA significantly increased apoptosis related to ER stress. Our results indicate that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway sensitizes glioma cells to apoptosis upon temozolomide treatment, which was correlated with ER stress. Hsp27 increases the resistance of glioma cells to cell death upon temozolomide treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Zając
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.S.-W.); (A.M.); (B.P.-P.); (M.H.-S.); (W.R.)
| | - Joanna Sumorek-Wiadro
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.S.-W.); (A.M.); (B.P.-P.); (M.H.-S.); (W.R.)
| | - Ewa Langner
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Iwona Wertel
- Independent Laboratory of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, 1st Chair and Department of Oncological Gynaecology and Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Maciejczyk
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.S.-W.); (A.M.); (B.P.-P.); (M.H.-S.); (W.R.)
| | - Bożena Pawlikowska-Pawlęga
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.S.-W.); (A.M.); (B.P.-P.); (M.H.-S.); (W.R.)
| | - Jarosław Pawelec
- Institute Microscopy Laboratory, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Wasiak
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantow Avenue, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.W.); (M.R.)
| | - Monika Hułas-Stasiak
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.S.-W.); (A.M.); (B.P.-P.); (M.H.-S.); (W.R.)
| | - Dorota Bądziul
- Department of Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Rejtana 16 C, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Rzeski
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.S.-W.); (A.M.); (B.P.-P.); (M.H.-S.); (W.R.)
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Michał Reichert
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, National Veterinary Research Institute, 57 Partyzantow Avenue, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland; (M.W.); (M.R.)
| | - Joanna Jakubowicz-Gil
- Department of Functional Anatomy and Cytobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (A.Z.); (J.S.-W.); (A.M.); (B.P.-P.); (M.H.-S.); (W.R.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Du H, Luo F, Shi M, Che J, Zhu L, Li H, Hang J. Beclin-1 is a Promising Prognostic Biomarker in a Specific Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Population. Pathol Oncol Res 2021; 27:594724. [PMID: 34257544 PMCID: PMC8262207 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2021.594724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The effects of autophagy and apoptosis in the prognostic assessment and treatment of Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain to be elucidated. Here, we conducted a retrospective study on the histopathology of ESCC, investigated the expression of Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 proteins (both autophagy- and apoptosis-related) in esophageal cancer tissue, and analyzed the significance of these proteins for the prognosis of ESCC. In the present study, the expression level of Beclin-1 in ESCC was significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues (p < 0.01), whereas the expression level of Bcl-2 showed the opposite pattern (p < 0.01). Furthermore, low expression of Beclin-1 was associated with more advanced ESCC stages and lymph node metastasis. However, high expression of Bcl-2 was associated with more advanced ESCC stages, deeper tumor invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Moreover, the relationship between Bcl-2 expression and OS was not significant (p > 0.05), whereas Beclin-1 expression was significantly associated with OS (p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed that Beclin-1 expression was significantly associated with OS in the high-Bcl-2-expression group but not in the low-Bcl-2-expression group. Importantly, Beclin-1 upregulation or downregulation significantly upregulated or downregulated invasion, respectively, in EC9706 cells in combination with high expression but not low expression of Bcl-2. These findings reveal that differences in autophagy and apoptotic states and their activities may promote malignant tumor differentiation, which could lead to a more aggressive esophageal squamous cell phenotype and a worse survival prognosis. Here, Beclin-1 was shown to be a promising prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for patients with ESCC in the high-Bcl-2-expression population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailei Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangxiu Luo
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Minmin Shi
- Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaming Che
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianggang Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hecheng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbiao Hang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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15
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Chen J, Li Y, Han X, Pan Y, Qian X. An autophagic gene-based signature to predict the survival of patients with low-grade gliomas. Cancer Med 2021; 10:1848-1859. [PMID: 33591634 PMCID: PMC7940225 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since autophagy remains an important topic of investigation, the RNA‐sequence profiles of autophagy‐related genes (ARGs) can provide insights into predicting low‐grade gliomas (LGG) prognosis. Methods The RNA‐seq profiles of autophagic genes and prognosis data of LGG were integrated from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). Univariate Cox analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model were carried out to identify the differentially expressed prognostic autophagy‐related genes. Then, the autophagic‐gene signature was formed and verified in TCGA test set and external CGGA cohorts. Time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was examined to test the accuracy of this signature feature. A nomogram was conducted to meet the needs of clinicians. Sankey diagrams were performed to visualize the relationship between the multigene signatures and clinic‐pathological features. Results Twenty‐four ARGs were finally identified most relevant to LGG prognosis. According to the specific prediction index formula, the patients were classified into low‐risk or high‐risk groups. Prognostic accuracy was proved by time‐dependent ROC analysis, with AUC 0.9, 0.93, and 0.876 at the survival time of 2‐, 3‐, and 5‐year, respectively, which was superior to the AUC of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation. The result was confirmed while validated in the TCGA test set and external validation CGGA cohort. A nomogram was constructed to meet individual needs. With a visualization approach, Sankey diagrams show the relationship of the histological type, IDH status, and predict index. In TCGA and CGGA cohorts, both low‐risk groups displayed better survival rate in LGG while histological type and IDH status did not show consistency results. Conclusions 24‐ARGs may play crucial roles in the progression of LGG, and LGG patients were effectively divided into low‐risk and high‐risk groups according to prognostic prediction. Overall, our study will provide novel strategies for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Oncology department, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Yuntian Li
- Oncology department, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Xinghua Han
- Oncology department, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Yueyin Pan
- Oncology department, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Qian
- Oncology department, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
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16
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Shen S, Yao Y. A-kinase interacting protein 1 is sufficiently expressed and positively associates with WHO grade, meanwhile predicts unfavorable overall survival independently in glioma patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e20426. [PMID: 33530151 PMCID: PMC7850662 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the association of A-kinase interacting protein 1 (AKIP1) with clinical characteristics, and further explore the prognostic value of AKIP1 in glioma patients.Totally 168 glioma patients who underwent tumor resection were analyzed, and their tumor tissue specimens were acquired for the detection of AKIP1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC), which was scored by a semi-quantitative method considering staining intensity and staining density.According to AKIP1 expression in tumor tissues of glioma patients, there were 65 (38.7%) patients with AKIP1 low expression (IHC score 0-3), 48 (28.6%) patients with AKIP1 high + expression (IHC score 4-6), 42 (25.0%) patients with AKIP1 high++ expression (IHC score 7-9) and 13 (7.7%) patients with AKIP1 high+++ expression (IHC score 10-12), respectively. AKIP1 expression was positively associated with World Health Organization grade. Overall survival (OS) was the lowest in the patients with AKIP1 high+++ expression, followed by those with AKIP1 high++ expression and those with AKIP1 high+ expression, and highest in those with AKIP1 low expression. Further subgroup analysis exhibited that AKIP1 expression was negatively associated with OS especially in high-grade glioma patients. In addition, AKIP1 expression was negatively associated with OS in all subgroups of patients with/without adjuvant radiotherapy, with/without adjuvant chemotherapy. Further multivariate Cox's regression exhibited that AKIP1 high expression was an independent predictive factor for worse OS.AKIP1 presents with the potential to be a novel biomarker for tumor management and prognosis surveillance in glioma patients.
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17
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Khan I, Baig MH, Mahfooz S, Rahim M, Karacam B, Elbasan EB, Ulasov I, Dong JJ, Hatiboglu MA. Deciphering the Role of Autophagy in Treatment of Resistance Mechanisms in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031318. [PMID: 33525678 PMCID: PMC7865981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a process essential for cellular energy consumption, survival, and defense mechanisms. The role of autophagy in several types of human cancers has been explicitly explained; however, the underlying molecular mechanism of autophagy in glioblastoma remains ambiguous. Autophagy is thought to be a “double-edged sword”, and its effect on tumorigenesis varies with cell type. On the other hand, autophagy may play a significant role in the resistance mechanisms against various therapies. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms deriving the autophagy-mediated therapeutic resistance and designing improved treatment strategies for glioblastoma. In this review, we discuss autophagy mechanisms, specifically its pro-survival and growth-suppressing mechanisms in glioblastomas. In addition, we try to shed some light on the autophagy-mediated activation of the cellular mechanisms supporting radioresistance and chemoresistance in glioblastoma. This review also highlights autophagy’s involvement in glioma stem cell behavior, underlining its role as a potential molecular target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Yalıköy Mahallesi, Beykoz, 34820 Istanbul, Turkey; (I.K.); (S.M.); (B.K.)
| | - Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea;
| | - Sadaf Mahfooz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Yalıköy Mahallesi, Beykoz, 34820 Istanbul, Turkey; (I.K.); (S.M.); (B.K.)
| | - Moniba Rahim
- Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India;
| | - Busra Karacam
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Yalıköy Mahallesi, Beykoz, 34820 Istanbul, Turkey; (I.K.); (S.M.); (B.K.)
| | - Elif Burce Elbasan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical School, Vatan Street, Fatih, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Ilya Ulasov
- Group of Experimental Biotherapy and Diagnostic, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Jae-June Dong
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.-J.D.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Mustafa Aziz Hatiboglu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Beykoz Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Yalıköy Mahallesi, Beykoz, 34820 Istanbul, Turkey; (I.K.); (S.M.); (B.K.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bezmialem Vakif University Medical School, Vatan Street, Fatih, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (J.-J.D.); (M.A.H.)
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18
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Olivier C, Oliver L, Lalier L, Vallette FM. Drug Resistance in Glioblastoma: The Two Faces of Oxidative Stress. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:620677. [PMID: 33585565 PMCID: PMC7873048 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.620677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are the most common primary brain tumor with a median survival of 15 months. A population of cells with stem cell properties (glioblastoma stem cells, GSCs) drives the initiation and progression of GBM and is localized in specialized microenvironments which support their behavior. GBM are characterized as extremely resistant to therapy, resulting in tumor recurrence. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) control the cellular stability by influencing different signaling pathways. Normally, redox systems prevent cell oxidative damage; however, in gliomagenesis, the cellular redox mechanisms are highly impaired. Herein we review the dual nature of the redox status in drug resistance. ROS generation in tumor cells affects the cell cycle and is involved in tumor progression and drug resistance in GBM. However, excess ROS production has been found to induce cell death programs such as apoptosis and autophagy. Since GBM cells have a high metabolic rate and produce high levels of ROS, metabolic adaptation in these cells plays an essential role in resistance to oxidative stress-induced cell death. Finally, the microenvironment with the stromal components participates in the enhancement of the oxidative stress to promote tumor progression and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Olivier
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Lisa Oliver
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, Nantes, France.,CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Lisenn Lalier
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, Nantes, France.,LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
| | - François M Vallette
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CRCINA, Nantes, France.,LaBCT, ICO, Saint Herblain, France
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19
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Huang Y, Li S, Jia Z, Zhao W, Zhou C, Zhang R, Ali DW, Michalak M, Chen XZ, Tang J. Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 8 (TRPM8) Channel Regulates Proliferation and Migration of Breast Cancer Cells by Activating the AMPK-ULK1 Pathway to Enhance Basal Autophagy. Front Oncol 2020; 10:573127. [PMID: 33344232 PMCID: PMC7746826 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.573127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium-permeable cation channel TRPM8 (transient receptor potential melastatin 8) is a member of the TRP superfamily of cation channels that is upregulated in various types of cancer with high levels of autophagy, including prostate, pancreatic, breast, lung, and colon cancers. Autophagy is closely regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and plays an important role in tumor growth by generating nutrients through degradation of intracellular structures. Additionally, AMPK activity is regulated by intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Considering that TRPM8 is a non-selective Ca2+-permeable cation channel and plays a key role in calcium homoeostasis, we hypothesized that TRPM8 may control AMPK activity thus modulating cellular autophagy to regulate the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. In this study, overexpression of TRPM8 enhanced the level of basal autophagy, whereas TRPM8 knockdown reduced the level of basal autophagy in several types of mammalian cancer cells. Moreover, the activity of the TRPM8 channel modulated the level of basal autophagy. The mechanism of regulation of autophagy by TRPM8 involves autophagy-associated signaling pathways for activation of AMPK and ULK1 and phagophore formation. Impaired AMPK abolished TRPM8-dependent regulation of autophagy. TRPM8 interacts with AMPK in a protein complex, and cytoplasmic C-terminus of TRPM8 mediates the TRPM8–AMPK interaction. Finally, basal autophagy mediates the regulatory effects of TRPM8 on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. Thus, this study identifies TRPM8 as a novel regulator of basal autophagy in cancer cells acting by interacting with AMPK, which in turn activates AMPK to activate ULK1 in a coordinated cascade of TRPM8-mediated breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Li
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cefan Zhou
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Declan William Ali
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marek Michalak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zhang Q, Yang L, Guan G, Cheng P, Cheng W, Wu A. LOXL2 Upregulation in Gliomas Drives Tumorigenicity by Activating Autophagy to Promote TMZ Resistance and Trigger EMT. Front Oncol 2020; 10:569584. [PMID: 33194658 PMCID: PMC7658417 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.569584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most prevalent primary brain tumor in adults and has an extremely unfavorable prognosis. As a member of the lysyl oxidase (LOX) family, lysyl-oxidase-like-2 (LOXL2) is known to play different roles in different tumors. However, the role of LOXL2 in glioma has not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, we detected that LOXL2 was considerably upregulated in glioma and that LOXL2 upregulation was evidently related to glioma WHO grade, malignant molecular subtypes, and poor prognosis in glioma patients. Additionally, we found that LOXL2 not only promoted glioma cells proliferation, migration, invasion, and induced the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, but also reduced the sensitivity of glioma cells to temozolomide (TMZ). Furthermore, we identified that LOXL2 reduced TMZ sensitivity and induced EMT in glioma via the activation of autophagy. Mechanistically, LOXL2 enhanced Atg7 expression by promoting the phosphorylation of Erk1/2, leading to the activation of autophagy and regulation of EMT process and TMZ sensitivity through autophagy. Our study describes an LOXL2-Erk1/2-Atg7 signaling axis that influences glioma EMT and chemosensitivity through autophagy; moreover, LOXL2 may serve as a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lianhe Yang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Gefei Guan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Anhua Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Arctigenin Inhibits Glioblastoma Proliferation through the AKT/mTOR Pathway and Induces Autophagy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3542613. [PMID: 33015162 PMCID: PMC7512051 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3542613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Arctigenin (ARG) is a natural lignan compound extracted from Arctium lappa and has displayed anticancer function and therapeutic effect in a variety of cancers. Arctigenin is mainly from Arctium lappa extract. It has been shown to induce autophagy in various cancers. However, as for whether arctigenin induces autophagy in gliomas or not, the specific mechanism is still worth exploring. Methods Using CCK8, the monoclonal experiment was made to detect the proliferation ability. The scratch experiment and the transwell experiment were applied to the migration and invasion ability. PI/RNase and FITC-conjugated anti-annexin V were used to detect the cell cycle and apoptosis. Western blotting was used to determine the specified protein level, and constructed LC3B-GFP plasmid was used for analysis of autophagy. Results Our research showed that ARG inhibited the growth and proliferation and invasion and migration of glioma cells in a dose-dependent manner (U87MG and T98G) and arrested the cell cycle and induced apoptosis. Interestingly, ARG induced autophagy in a dose-dependent manner. We applied Western blotting to measure the increase in the key autophagy protein LC3B, as well as some other autophagy-related proteins (increase in Beclin-1 and decrease in P62). In order to further explore the mechanism that ARG passed initiating autophagy to inhibit cell growth, we further found by Western blotting that AKT and mTOR phosphorylation proteins (P-AKT, P-mTOR) were reduced after ARG treatment, and we used AKT agonists to rescue, and the phosphorylated proteins of AKT and mTOR increased, and we found that the autophagy-related proteins were also reversed. And interestingly, the protein of apoptosis was also reversed along with autophagy. Conclusions We thought ARG inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells by inducing autophagy and apoptosis through the AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Subtype-specific risk models for accurately predicting the prognosis of breast cancer using differentially expressed autophagy-related genes. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13318-13337. [PMID: 32649310 PMCID: PMC7377895 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that the dysregulation of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) is coupled with the carcinogenesis and progression of breast cancer (BRCA). We constructed three subtype-specific risk models using differentially expressed ARGs. In Luminal, Her-2, and Basal-like BRCA, four- (BIRC5, PARP1, ATG9B, and TP63), three- (ITPR1, CCL2, and GAPDH), and five-gene (PRKN, FOS, BAX, IFNG, and EIF4EBP1) risk models were identified, which all have a receiver operating characteristic > 0.65 in the training and testing dataset. Multivariable Cox analysis showed that those risk models can accurately and independently predict the overall survival of BRCA patients. Comprehensive analysis showed that the 12 identified ARGs were correlated with the overall survival of BRCA patients; six of the ARGs (PARP1, TP63, CCL2, GAPDH, FOS, and EIF4EBP1) were differentially expressed between BRCA and normal breast tissue at the protein level. In addition, the 12 identified ARGs were highly interconnected and displayed high frequency of copy number variation in BRCA samples. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested that the deactivation of the immune system was the important driving force for the progression of Basal-like BRCA. This study demonstrated that the 12 ARG signatures were potential multi-dimensional biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of BRCA.
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Palumbo P, Lombardi F, Augello FR, Giusti I, Dolo V, Leocata P, Cifone MG, Cinque B. Biological effects of selective COX-2 inhibitor NS398 on human glioblastoma cell lines. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:167. [PMID: 32435158 PMCID: PMC7222447 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inflammation-associated enzyme, has been implicated in tumorigenesis and progression of glioblastoma (GBM). The poor survival of GBM was mainly associated with the presence of glioma stem cells (GSC) and the markedly inflammatory microenvironment. To further explore the involvement of COX-2 in glioma biology, the effects of NS398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, were evaluated on GSC derived from COX-2 expressing GBM cell lines, i.e., U87MG and T98G, in terms of neurospheres' growth, autophagy, and extracellular vesicle (EV) release. Methods Neurospheres' growth and morphology were evaluated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Autophagy was measured by staining acidic vesicular organelles. Extracellular vesicles (EV), released from neurospheres, were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The autophagic proteins Beclin-1 and LC3B, as well as the EV markers CD63 and CD81, were analyzed by western blotting. The scratch assay test was used to evaluate the NS398 influence on GBM cell migration. Results Both cell lines were strongly influenced by NS398 exposure, as showed by morphological changes, reduced growth rate, and appearance of autophagy. Furthermore, the inhibitor led to a functional change of EV released by neurospheres. Indeed, EV secreted by NS398-treated GSC, but not those from control cells, were able to significantly inhibit adherent U87MG and T98G cell migration and induced autophagy in recipient cells, thus leading to effects quite similar to those directly caused by NS398 in the same cells. Conclusion Despite the intrinsic diversity and individual genetic features of U87MG and T98G, comparable effects were exerted by the COX-2 inhibitor NS398 on both GBM cell lines. Overall, our findings support the crucial role of the inflammatory-associated COX-2/PGE2 system in glioma and glioma stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Palumbo
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Lombardi
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Giusti
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Pietro Leocata
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Zhou Y, Wang L, Wang C, Wu Y, Chen D, Lee TH. Potential implications of hydrogen peroxide in the pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies of gliomas. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:187-203. [PMID: 31956964 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common type of primary brain tumor, and it has a high mortality rate. Currently, there are only a few therapeutic approaches for gliomas, and their effects are unsatisfactory. Therefore, uncovering the pathogenesis and exploring more therapeutic strategies for the treatment of gliomas are urgently needed to overcome the ongoing challenges. Cellular redox imbalance has been shown to be associated with the initiation and progression of gliomas. Among reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is considered the most suitable for redox signaling and is a potential candidate as a key molecule that determines the fate of cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the potential cellular and molecular roles of H2O2 in gliomagenesis and explore the potential implications of H2O2 in radiotherapy and chemotherapy and in the ongoing challenges of current glioma treatment. Moreover, we evaluate H2O2 as a potential redox sensor and potential driver molecule of nanocatalytic therapeutic strategies for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.,Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases of Fujian Provincial Universities and Colleges, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Long Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Chaojia Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yilin Wu
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Tae Ho Lee
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xuefu North Road, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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Gardenia jasminoides Enhances CDDP-Induced Apoptosis of Glioblastoma Cells via AKT/mTOR Pathway While Protecting Death of Astrocytes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010196. [PMID: 31936835 PMCID: PMC7019269 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most observed primary brain tumor, of which glioblastoma multiform (GBM) shows the highest incidence. Radiotherapy with temozolomide is the standard therapeutic method, but because of side effects, search for alternative therapies is required. Gardenia jasminoides (GJ) is flavonoid abundant with beneficial effects on inflammation, metabolic diseases, and cancers. In this study, we investigated the synergistic combination of GJ and cisplatin (CDDP) in U87MG and U373MG GBM cells. GJ and CDDP both showed cytotoxicity in U87MG cells, however GJ did not affect viability of normal astrocytes while CDDP displayed high toxicity. Cytotoxic effect of GJ and CDDP was related in apoptosis when confirmed by Western blot assays on cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, and PARP. Moreover, GJ and CDDP showed synergistic combination in cell death of GBM cells, which was further confirmed by Western blot assays of apoptosis factors and also flow cytometry of Annexin V. Analysis on autophagy factors showed that GJ/CDDP combination induced autophagy, and through inhibition of autophagy, we could confirm autophagy is crucial to cytotoxicity of GJ/CDDP in GBM cell lines. The autophagy-mediated apoptosis of GJ/CDDP was dependent on the AKT/mTOR pathway. Overall, our results suggest GJ/CDDP combination as an effective yet safe therapeutic approach to GBMs.
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