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Elsayed Abouzed DE, Ezelarab HAA, Selim HMRM, Elsayed MMA, El Hamd MA, Aboelez MO. Multimodal modulation of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury by phytochemical agents: A mechanistic evaluation of hepatoprotective potential and safety profiles. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112445. [PMID: 38944946 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a clinically fundamental phenomenon that occurs through liver resection surgery, trauma, shock, and transplantation. AIMS OF THE REVIEW This review article affords an expanded and comprehensive overview of various natural herbal ingredients that have demonstrated hepatoprotective effects against I/R injury through preclinical studies in animal models. MATERIALS AND METHODS For the objective of this investigation, an extensive examination was carried out utilizing diverse scientific databases involving PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB), and Research Gate. The investigation was conducted based on specific identifiable terms, such as hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, liver resection and transplantation, cytokines, inflammation, NF-kB, interleukins, herbs, plants, natural ingredients, phenolic extract, and aqueous extract. RESULTS Bioactive ingredients derived from ginseng, curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, lycopene, punicalagin, crocin, celastrol, andrographolide, silymarin, and others and their effects on hepatic IRI were discussed. The specific mechanisms of action, signaling pathways, and clinical relevance for attenuation of liver enzymes, cytokine production, immune cell infiltration, oxidative damage, and cell death signaling in rodent studies are analyzed in depth. Their complex molecular actions involve modulation of pathways like TLR4, NF-κB, Nrf2, Bcl-2 family proteins, and others. CONCLUSION The natural ingredients have promising values in the protection and treatment of various chronic aggressive clinical conditions, and that need to be evaluated on humans by clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deiaa E Elsayed Abouzed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt.
| | - Hend A A Ezelarab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt.
| | - Heba Mohammed Refat M Selim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Diriyah 13713, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 35527, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud M A Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A El Hamd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt.
| | - Moustafa O Aboelez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
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Wu D, Xu J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Bai Y, Zhan X, Gao Y, Zhou H, Hu H, Wang P, Rao Z. tBHQ mitigates fatty liver ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating Nrf2 to attenuate hepatocyte mitochondrial damage and macrophage STING activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112515. [PMID: 38917524 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is an inevitable pathophysiological process in various liver surgeries. Previous studies have found that IR injury is exacerbated in fatty liver due to significant hepatocellular damage and macrophage inflammatory activation, though the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we aim to explore the role and mechanism of Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) signaling in regulating hepatocellular damage and macrophage immune response in fatty liver IR injury. METHODS The study used high-fat diet-induced fatty liver mice to establish an IR model, alongside an in vitro co-culture system of primary hepatocytes and macrophages. This approach was used to examine mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release, and activation of macrophage STING (Stimulator of interferon genes) signaling. We also conducted recovery verification using H-151 (a STING inhibitor) and tBHQ (an Nrf2 activator). RESULTS Compared to the control group, mice on a high-fat diet demonstrated more severe liver IR injury, as evidenced by increased histological damage, elevated liver enzyme levels, and heightened inflammatory markers. The HFD group showed significant oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and damage post-IR, as indicated by elevated levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation markers, and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity. Elevated mtDNA release from hepatocytes post-IR activated macrophage STING signaling, worsening inflammation and liver damage. However, STING signaling inhibition with H-151 in vivo or employing STING knockout macrophages significantly reduced these injuries. In-depth mechanism studies have found that the transfer of Nrf2 protein into the nucleus of liver cells after IR in fatty liver is reduced. Pre-treatment with tBHQ ameliorated liver oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and suppressed the macrophage STING signaling activation. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a novel mechanism where the interaction between hepatocellular damage and macrophage inflammation intensifies liver IR injury in fatty liver. Enhancing Nrf2 activation to protect mitochondrial from oxidative stress damage and inhibiting macrophage STING signaling activation emerge as promising strategies for clinical intervention in fatty liver IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Wu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029 Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029 Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029 Nanjing, China
| | - Yuechen Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029 Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhan
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029 Nanjing, China
| | - Yiyun Gao
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029 Nanjing, China
| | - Haoming Zhou
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029 Nanjing, China
| | - Haoran Hu
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029 Nanjing, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Research Unit of Liver Transplantation and Transplant Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029 Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhuqing Rao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029 Nanjing, China.
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Luo S, Luo R, Deng G, Huang F, Lei Z. Programmed cell death, from liver Ischemia-Reperfusion injury perspective: An overview. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32480. [PMID: 39040334 PMCID: PMC11260932 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) commonly occurs in liver resection, liver transplantation, shock, and other hemorrhagic conditions, resulting in profound local and systemic effects via associated inflammatory responses and hepatic cell death. Hepatocyte death is a significant component of LIRI and its mechanism was previously thought to be limited to apoptosis and necrosis. With the discovery of novel types of programmed cell death (PCD), necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy, NETosis, and parthanatos have been shown to be involved in LIRI. Understanding the mechanisms underlying cell death following LIRI is indispensable to mitigating the widespread effects of LIRI. Here, we review the roles of different PCD and discuss potential therapy in LIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Luo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha , PR China
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Rongkun Luo
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha , PR China
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha , PR China
| | - Feizhou Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha , PR China
| | - Zhao Lei
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha , PR China
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Pan B, Ma X, Zhou S, Cheng X, Fang J, Yi Q, Li Y, Li S, Yang J. Predicting mitophagy-related genes and unveiling liver endothelial cell heterogeneity in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1370647. [PMID: 38694511 PMCID: PMC11061384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1370647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (HIRI) is a major complication in liver transplants and surgeries, significantly affecting postoperative outcomes. The role of mitophagy, essential for removing dysfunctional mitochondria and maintaining cellular balance, remains unclear in HIRI. Methods To unravel the role of mitophagy-related genes (MRGs) in HIRI, we assembled a comprehensive dataset comprising 44 HIRI samples alongside 44 normal control samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for this analysis. Using Random Forests and Support Vector Machines - Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE), we pinpointed eight pivotal genes and developed a logistic regression model based on these findings. Further, we employed consensus cluster analysis for classifying HIRI patients according to their MRG expression profiles and conducted weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify clusters of genes that exhibit high correlation within different modules. Additionally, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis to explore insights into the behavior of MRGs within the HIRI. Results We identified eight key genes (FUNDC1, VDAC1, MFN2, PINK1, CSNK2A2, ULK1, UBC, MAP1LC3B) with distinct expressions between HIRI and controls, confirmed by PCR validation. Our diagnostic model, based on these genes, accurately predicted HIRI outcomes. Analysis revealed a strong positive correlation of these genes with monocytic lineage and a negative correlation with B and T cells. HIRI patients were divided into three subclusters based on MRG profiles, with WGCNA uncovering highly correlated gene modules. Single-cell analysis identified two types of endothelial cells with different MRG scores, indicating their varied roles in HIRI. Conclusions Our study highlights the critical role of MRGs in HIRI and the heterogeneity of endothelial cells. We identified the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and cGAS-STING (GAS) pathways as regulators of mitophagy's impact on HIRI. These findings advance our understanding of mitophagy in HIRI and set the stage for future research and therapeutic developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochen Pan
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xuan Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shihuan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Cheng
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jianwei Fang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiuyun Yi
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuke Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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Gao W, Du L, Li N, Li Y, Wu J, Zhang Z, Chen H. Dexmedetomidine attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in hyperlipidemic rats by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and NF-κB. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1176-1185. [PMID: 37604597 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the protective effect of Dexmedetomidine (DEX) in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in hyperlipidemic rats. Towards this, the effect of DEX was first evaluated on the infarct size and the histopathology of cardiac tissues using TTC and H and E staining, and it was found that DEX significantly improved the infarct size and architecture of the myocardial tissues following the I/R injury. DEX also showed significant improvement in various examined hemodynamic parameters (e.g., LVSP, and ± dp/dtmax ) in a dose-dependent manner. The lipid profile (LDL, VLDL, TC, TG, and HDL level) of the rats were also found significantly improved in DEX-treated rats. The level of various pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and TNF-α), cardiac injury (CK, CK-MB, Troponin I AST, ALT, and LDH), and oxidative stress (MDA, SOD, and GSH) biomarkers were also found to be restored near to the normal in DEX-treated group. It has been found that DEX also significantly reduces apoptosis of rat cardiomyocytes. In western blot analysis, DEX showed a significant reduction in the activation of NF-κB. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the protective effect of Dexmedetomidine in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in hyperlipidemic rats possibly via amelioration of oxidative stress, and inflammation apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liang Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Nan Li
- Operating Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yating Li
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Services, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jinfang Wu
- Operating Center, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Huo CL, Wang B, Zhang X, Sun ZG. Skimmianine attenuates liver ischemia/reperfusion injury by regulating PI3K-AKT signaling pathway-mediated inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18232. [PMID: 37880319 PMCID: PMC10600244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common injury after liver transplantation and hepatectomy. Skimmianine (Ski) has antibacterial, antiviral pharmacological effects. However, it is not clear whether Ski has a protective effect against liver I/R injury. In the present study, we established a mouse liver I/R model and an AML12 cell hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) model, both pretreated with different concentrations of Ski. Serum transaminase levels, necrotic liver area, cell viability, inflammatory factors, oxidative stress and apoptosis-related levels were measured to assess the protective effect of Ski against liver I/R injury. Western blotting was used to detect apoptosis-related proteins and PI3K-AKT pathway-related proteins. Mice and cells were also treated with PI3K inhibitor LY294002 to assess changes in indicators of liver injury. The results showed that Ski significantly reduced transaminase levels, liver necrosis area, oxidative stress, and apoptosis levels in mice with I/R. Ski also inhibited cell injury and apoptosis after H/R. Moreover, Ski activated phosphorylation of PI3K-AKT pathway-related proteins after liver I/R and cell H/R. Importantly, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 effectively reversed the alleviation of I/R injury caused by Ski. These results confirm that Ski exerts a protective effect against liver I/R injury through activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Long Huo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, No. 26, Chuyuan Avenue, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, No. 26, Chuyuan Avenue, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xuewen Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, No. 26, Chuyuan Avenue, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen-Gang Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, No. 26, Chuyuan Avenue, Jingzhou District, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
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7
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Yang M, Wang Z, Xie J, Reyad‐ul‐Ferdous M, Li S, Song Y. Cyclophilin D as a potential therapeutic target of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury by mediating crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2023; 9:238-249. [PMID: 37711863 PMCID: PMC10497823 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a complex and multifactorial pathophysiological process. It is well recognized that the membrane permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening of mitochondria plays a crucial role in cell death after I/R injury. Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a critical positive regulator of mPTP. However, the effect of CypD on the pathogenesis of liver I/R injury and whether CypD is a potential therapeutic target are still unclear. Methods We constructed liver-specific CypD knockout and AAV8-peptidyl prolyl isomerase F (PPIF) overexpression mice. Then, a 70% liver I/R injury model was established in mice, with 90 min of ischemia and 6 h of reperfusion. The liver function was detected by the level of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (alanine transaminase) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (aspartate aminotransferase), the liver damage score and degree of necrosis were measured by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of liver tissues. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) staining, apoptosis, and autophagy-related molecules were used to detect apoptosis and autophagy during liver I/R. Results The liver-specific knockout of CypD alleviated necrosis and dysfunction in liver I/R injury, by reducing the excessive production of ROS, and inhibiting cell apoptosis and autophagy. On the contrary, overexpression of CypD exacerbated I/R-induced liver damage. Conclusion We found that the downregulation of CypD expression alleviated liver I/R injury by reducing apoptosis and autophagy through caspase-3/Beclin1 crosstalk; in contrast, the upregulation of CypD expression aggravated liver I/R injury. Therefore, interfering with the expression of CypD seems to be a promising treatment for liver I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Yang
- Department of EndocrinologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid MetabolismJinanShandongChina
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesJinanShandongChina
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of EndocrinologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid MetabolismJinanShandongChina
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesJinanShandongChina
| | - Jin Xie
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid MetabolismJinanShandongChina
| | - Md. Reyad‐ul‐Ferdous
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid MetabolismJinanShandongChina
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesJinanShandongChina
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Siying Li
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesJinanShandongChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismCentral Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of EndocrinologyShandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Endocrinology and Lipid MetabolismJinanShandongChina
- Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesJinanShandongChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismCentral Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandongChina
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Bian XB, Yu PC, Yang XH, Han L, Wang QY, Zhang L, Zhang LX, Sun X. The effect of ginsenosides on liver injury in preclinical studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1184774. [PMID: 37251340 PMCID: PMC10213882 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1184774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver injury is a severe liver lesion caused by various etiologies and is one of the main areas of medical research. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer has traditionally been used as medicine to treat diseases and regulate body functions. Ginsenosides are the main active components of ginseng, and their effects on liver injury have been extensively reported. Methods: Preclinical studies meeting the inclusion criteria were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan Fang Data Knowledge Service Platforms. The Stata 17.0 was used to perform the meta-analysis, meta-regression, and subgroup analysis. Results: This meta-analysis included ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, and compound K (CK), in 43 articles. The overall results showed that multiple ginsenosides significantly reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), affected oxidative stress-related indicators, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT), and reduced levels of inflammatory factor, such as factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6). Additionally, there was a large amount of heterogeneity in the meta-analysis results. Our predefined subgroup analysis shows that the animal species, the type of liver injury model, the duration of treatment, and the administration route may be the sources of some of the heterogeneity. Conclusion: In a word, ginsenosides have good efficacy against liver injury, and their potential mechanisms of action target antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and apoptotic-related pathways. However, the overall methodological quality of our current included studies was low, and more high-quality studies are needed to confirm their effects and mechanisms further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Bo Bian
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Hang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Liu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Qi-Yao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Lian-Xue Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, Jilin, China
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9
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Yang SJ, Wang JJ, Cheng P, Chen LX, Hu JM, Zhu GQ. Ginsenoside Rg1 in neurological diseases: From bench to bedside. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:913-930. [PMID: 36380226 PMCID: PMC10104881 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng has been used in China as a superior medicinal material for thousands of years that can nourish the five internal organs, calm the mind and benefit wisdom. Due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities, one of the active components of ginseng, ginsenoside Rg1, has been extensively investigated in the remedy of brain disorders, especially dementia and depression. In this review, we summarized the research progress on the action mechanisms of Rg1 ameliorating depression-like behaviors, including inhibition of hyperfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, regulation of synaptic plasticity and gut flora. Rg1 may alleviate Alzheimer's disease in the early phase, as well as in the middle-late phases through repairing dendrite, axon and microglia- and astrocyte-related inflammations. We also proposed that Rg1 could regulate memory state (the imbalance of working and aversive memory) caused by distinct stimuli. These laboratory studies would further the clinical trials on Rg1. From the prospective of drug development, we discussed the limitations of the present investigations and proposed our ideas to increase permeability and bioavailability of Rg1. Taken together, Rg1 has the potential to treat neuropsychiatric disorders, but a future in-depth investigation of the mechanisms is still required. In addition, drug development will benefit from the clinical trials in one specific neuropsychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Jing-Ji Wang
- The Second Affiliation Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230061, China.
| | - Ping Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Li-Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Jia-Min Hu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Guo-Qi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
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Zhu H, Kulyar MFEA, Ding Y, Yao W, Mo Q, Li J. Ginsenoside Rg1 regulates thiram-induced chondrocytes' apoptosis and angiogenesis in broiler chickens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:34188-34202. [PMID: 36508105 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24598-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a developmental cartilaginous disease due to thiram toxicity. The abnormity of chondrocytes and insufficient angiogenesis within the growth plate are the major factors leading to the occurrence of TD in most cases. In the current study, we evaluated the beneficial effects of ginsenoside (Rg1) against thiram-induced TD for knowing the possible underlying mechanisms in broiler chickens through in vivo and in vitro assessment. Arbor acres broilers (1-day-old, n = 120) were randomly divided for the in vivo evaluation. The control broilers were fed under normal conditions during the whole experiment cycle (18 days). The TD broilers were fed with 50 mg/kg thiram, while the treatment group was given 40 mg/kg of Rg1. According to our findings, thiram caused a decrease in production performance and tibia parameters (p < 0.05), which were significantly reversed by Rg1 administration. In addition, the results from the histological evaluation showed that the proliferative zone had a smaller number of blood vessels, surrounded by inviable chondrocytes, proving apoptosis during the occurrence of TD, while Rg1 treatment significantly increased blood vessels and decreased apoptotic cells. Furthermore, it was found that Rg1 effectively ameliorated the angiogenesis by regulation of HIF-1α/VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling pathway and the chondrocytes' apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Hence, these findings suggest that Rg1 might be a perfect choice in the prevention and treatment of TD via regulating chondrocytes apoptosis and angiogenesis. Also, it might be a potential therapeutic drug for humans to overcome different bone disorders, involving chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaisen Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-E-Alam Kulyar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanmei Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangyuan Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Liu Y, Guo ZW, Li J, Li AH, Huo TG. Insight into the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by mitochondria in liver injury and the protective role of natural products. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113968. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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12
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Wu J, Yu C, Zeng X, Xu Y, Sun C. Protection of propofol on liver ischemia reperfusion injury by regulating Cyp2b10/ Cyp3a25 pathway. Tissue Cell 2022; 78:101891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Li H, Gao YH, Song L, Chen TF, Zhang GP, Ye ZG, Gao Y, Huo W. Ginsenoside Rg1 protects mice against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced liver injury by inhibiting CYP1A1 through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115394. [PMID: 35595219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (ginseng) is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine that has played a beneficial role in the treatment of various diseases, including liver diseases. Ginsenoside Rg1 is a saponin isolated and purified from ginseng that exerts protective effects on the liver in some liver injury models. 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a ubiquitous dioxin found mostly in food products that causes liver injury and other human diseases. Although significant efforts have been made to reduce the burden of liver disease, there is still a lack of effective treatment methods. AIM OF THE STUDY Although ginsenoside Rg1 was reported to inhibit TCDD-mediated cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) induction in HepG2 cells, we sought to verify its hepatoprotective effects and elucidate its mechanism in a TCDD-induced liver injury model in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS The mouse liver injury model was established by intraperitoneal TCDD injection, followed by treatment with various doses of ginsenoside Rg1 (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg). Clinical indicators of liver injury, such as an increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, as well as histopathological changes were evaluated. RESULTS The common clinical indicators of liver injury were detected following TCDD injection, including an increase in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, increased relative liver weight, and histopathological changes. Following treatment with ginsenoside Rg1, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase decreased significantly, and the liver histology was improved. In addition, ginsenoside Rg1 competitively inhibited TCDD-induced Cyp1a1 mRNA transcription through the modulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) nuclear translocation. CONCLUSION Ginsenoside Rg1 is a potent partial AhR agonist that has potential as an effective medication for protecting against TCDD-associated liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Yun-Hang Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Ling Song
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Teng-Fei Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Guang-Ping Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Zu-Guang Ye
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Yue Gao
- Institute of Radiation Medicine Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Wang Huo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
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14
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Zahran EM, Sayed AM, Alaaeldin R, Elrehany MA, Khattab AR, Abdelmohsen UR. Bioactives and functional food ingredients with promising potential for the management of cerebral and myocardial ischemia: a comprehensive mechanistic review. Food Funct 2022; 13:6859-6874. [PMID: 35698869 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00834c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia is a deadly disease featured by restricted perfusion to different organs in the body. An increase in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cell debris is the driving force for inducing many oxidative, inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways. However, the number of therapeutics existing for ischemic stroke patients is limited and there is insufficient data on their efficiency, which warrants the search for novel therapeutic candidates from natural sources. Herein, a comprehensive survey was done on the reported functional food bioactives (ca. 152 compounds) to manage or protect against health consequences of myocardial and cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, we reviewed the reported mechanistic studies for their anti-ischemic potential. Subsequently, network pharmacology- and in silico-based studies were conducted using the reported myocardial and cerebral ischemia-relevant molecular targets to study their complex interactions and highlight key targets in disease pathogenesis. Subsequently, the most prominent 20 compounds in the literature were used in a comprehensive in silico-based analysis (inverse docking, ΔG calculation and molecular dynamics simulation) to determine other potential targets for these compounds and their probable interactions with different signaling pathways relevant to this disease. Many functional food bioactives, belonging to different chemical classes, i.e., flavonoids, saponins, phenolics, alkaloids, iridoids and carotenoids, were proven to exhibit multifactorial effects in targeting the complex pathophysiology of ischemic conditions. These merits make them valuable therapeutic agents that can outperform the conventional drugs, and hence they can be utilized as add-ons to the conventional therapy for the management of different ischemic conditions; however, their rigorous clinical assessment is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Maher Zahran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, 62513 Beni-Suef, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Almaaqal University, 61014 Basra, Iraq
| | - Rania Alaaeldin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, Deraya University, University Zone, 61111 New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrehany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, Deraya University, University Zone, 61111 New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Amira R Khattab
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria 1029, Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, 7 Universities Zone, New Minia 61111, Egypt. .,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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15
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Tang SP, Mao XL, Chen YH, Yan LL, Ye LP, Li SW. Reactive Oxygen Species Induce Fatty Liver and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Promoting Inflammation and Cell Death. Front Immunol 2022; 13:870239. [PMID: 35572532 PMCID: PMC9098816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.870239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the ultimate method for treating end-stage liver disease. With the increasing prevalence of obesity, the number of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver, a common cause of chronic liver disease, is on the rise and may become the main cause of liver transplantation in the future. With the increasing gap between the number of donor livers and patients waiting for liver transplantation and the increasing prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver, the proportion of steatosis livers among non-standard donor organs is also increasing. Ischemia-reperfusion injury has historically been the focus of attention in the liver transplantation process, and severe ischemia-reperfusion injury leads to adverse outcomes of liver transplantation. Studies have shown that the production of reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress play a key role in the pathogenesis of hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury and non-alcoholic fatty liver. Furthermore, the sensitivity of fatty liver transplantation to ischemia-reperfusion injury has been suggested to be related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. In ischemia-reperfusion injury, Kupffer cell and macrophage activation along with mitochondrial damage and the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system promote marked reactive oxygen species production and the inflammatory response and apoptosis, resulting in liver tissue injury. The increased levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation products, vicious circle of ROS and oxidative stress along with mitochondrial dysfunction promoted the progress of non-alcoholic fatty liver. In contrast to the non-fatty liver, a non-alcoholic fatty liver produces more reactive oxygen species and suffers more serious oxidative stress when subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury. We herein review the effects of reactive oxygen species on ischemia-reperfusion injury and non-alcoholic fatty liver injury as well as highlight several treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-ping Tang
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Xin-li Mao
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Ya-hong Chen
- Health Management Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Ling-ling Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
| | - Li-ping Ye
- Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- *Correspondence: Li-ping Ye, ; Shao-wei Li,
| | - Shao-wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Techniques & Rapid Rehabilitation of Digestive System Tumor of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, China
- *Correspondence: Li-ping Ye, ; Shao-wei Li,
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16
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Oleoylethanolamide Alleviates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated Apoptosis. PPAR Res 2022; 2022:2212996. [PMID: 35356086 PMCID: PMC8960015 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2212996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a primary complication in major liver surgery. Our previous study about proteome profiling has revealed that the PPAR signaling cascade was significantly upregulated during liver ischemia/reperfusion. To elucidate the potential mechanisms of PPARα involved in I/R injury, we used oleoylethanolamide (OEA), the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) agonist, in this study. We demonstrated a protective role of OEA on liver I/R injury by using a mouse model of partial warm ischemia-reperfusion and hypoxia-reoxygenation model of hepatocytes. These effects were caused by ameliorating liver damage, decreasing the level of serum ALT and AST, and reducing the apoptosis of hepatocytes. Furthermore, a mechanistic study revealed that OEA regulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by activating PPARα, thereby reducing ER stress-associated apoptosis to attenuate liver I/R injury. Briefly, these data first proposed that OEA-mediated PPARα activation could be an effective therapy against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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17
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Zhang S, Rao S, Yang M, Ma C, Hong F, Yang S. Role of Mitochondrial Pathways in Cell Apoptosis during He-Patic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042357. [PMID: 35216473 PMCID: PMC8877300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major cause of post-operative hepatic dysfunction and liver failure after transplantation. Mitochondrial pathways can be either beneficial or detrimental to hepatic cell apoptosis during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury, depending on multiple factors. Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury may be induced by opened mitochondrial permeability transition pore, released apoptosis-related proteins, up-regulated B-cell lymphoma-2 gene family proteins, unbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which are integral parts of mitochondrial pathways. In this review, we discuss the role of mitochondrial pathways in apoptosis that account for the most deleterious effect of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhang
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (S.R.); (C.M.)
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Sijing Rao
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (S.R.); (C.M.)
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Meiwen Yang
- Department of Surgery, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344099, China;
| | - Chen Ma
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (S.R.); (C.M.)
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Fengfang Hong
- Experimental Center of Pathogen Biology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (S.Z.); (S.R.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.H.); or (S.Y.)
| | - Shulong Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Department of Physiology, Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou 344099, China
- Correspondence: (F.H.); or (S.Y.)
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18
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Hou W, Wei B, Liu HS. The Protective Effect of Panax notoginseng Mixture on Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice via Regulating NR3C2, SRC, and GAPDH. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:756259. [PMID: 34858181 PMCID: PMC8632037 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.756259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Panax notoginseng mixture (PNM) has the characteristics of multicomponent, multitarget, and multieffect, which can cope with the multidirectional and multidimensional complex pathological process caused by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI). Our animal experiments showed that PNM composed of notoginseng, dogwood, and white peony root could significantly reduce the level of aspartate transaminase and alanine aminotransferase in the blood of mice with HIRI, indicating that this preparation had a protective effect on HIRI in mice. Therefore, on this basis, the molecular mechanism of PNM intervention in HIRI was further explored by network pharmacology. First, target genes corresponding to active components and HIRI were obtained through databases such as TCMSP, Pharm Mapper, Swiss Target Prediction, GeneCards, and so on. All target genes were standardized by Uniprot database, and a total of 291 target genes with their intersection were obtained. Then, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and biological processes (BPs) of 291 target genes were obtained through the online public platform of DAVID. A total of 177 KEGG pathways and 337 BPs were obtained by setting p < 0.01 and false discovery rate <0.05. The network mapping map of components and disease targets was drawn by Cytoscape, and the top 10 Hub target genes related to HIRI were obtained. At the same time, the String database was used to obtain the protein-protein interaction dataset, which was imported into Cytoscape, and the first 10 Hub target genes were obtained. The Hub target genes obtained by the above two methods were molecular docking with their corresponding small molecule compounds through DockThor online tool. The results showed that the docking of paeoniflorin with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), paeoniflorin and loganin with SRC, ginsenoside Rb1 with NR3C2, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid with IL-6, paeoniflorin docking VEGFA, and MMP9. Finally, NR3C2, SRC, and GAPDH were identified as target genes in this study by referring to relevant literature reports. After verification by immunohistochemical experiments, compared with the sham group, the above three target genes were highly expressed in the HIRI group (p < 0.01). Compared with the HIRI group, the expression of three target genes in the PNM + HIRI group was significantly decreased (p < 0.01). The results showed that PNM could protect mouse HIRI by decreasing the expression of NR3C2, SRC, and GAPDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bao Wei
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Sheng Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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19
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Lv S, Li X, Zhao S, Liu H, Wang H. The Role of the Signaling Pathways Involved in the Protective Effect of Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:723569. [PMID: 34527675 PMCID: PMC8435706 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.723569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury refers to the functional and structural changes in the process of blood flow recovery after ischemia. In addition to ischemia, the blood flow recovery can also lead to very harmful damage, such as the obvious cell swelling and the irreversible cell necrosis. I/R injury is related with many diseases, including myocardial I/R injury. Myocardial I/R injury refers to the aggravation of ischemic myocardial tissue injury due to sudden disorder of blood circulation. Although there are many studies on myocardial I/R injury, the exact mechanism is not fully understood. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), like carbon monoxide and nitric oxide, is an important gas signal molecule. It plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies indicate that H2S can improve myocardial I/R injury, however, its mechanism is not fully understood, especially the involved signal pathways. In this review, we summarize the related researches about the role of the signaling pathways involved in the protective effects of exogenous H2S on myocardial I/R injury, so as to provide theoretical reference for the future in-depth researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyu Lv
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Huiyang Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Honggang Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Protective Effect of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome against Hepatocyte Apoptosis Induced by Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion with Partial Hepatectomy Injury. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:9969372. [PMID: 34457008 PMCID: PMC8390152 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9969372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable complication of liver surgery and liver transplantation. Hepatocyte apoptosis plays a significant role in the pathological process of hepatic IRI. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are known to repair and regenerate damaged tissues by producing bioactive factors, including cytokines, exosomes, and extracellular matrix components, which collectively form the secretome of these cells. The aim of this study was to assess the protective effects of the ADSCs secretome after liver ischemia-reperfusion combined with partial hepatectomy in miniature pigs. We successfully established laparoscopic liver ischemia-reperfusion with partial hepatectomy in miniature pigs and injected saline, DMEM, ADSC-secretome, and ADSCs directly into the liver parenchyma immediately afterwards. Both ADSCs and the ADSC-secretome improved the IR-induced ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes and significantly decreased the proportion of TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells along with caspase activity. Consistent with this, P53, Bax, Fas, and Fasl mRNA and protein levels were markedly decreased, while Bcl-2 was significantly increased in the animals treated with ADSCs and ADSC-secretome. Our findings indicate that ADSCs exert therapeutic effects in a paracrine manner through their secretome, which can be a viable alternative to cell-based regenerative therapies.
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21
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The Interplay between Autophagy and NLRP3 Inflammasome in Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168773. [PMID: 34445481 PMCID: PMC8395601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is characterized by a limited blood supply to organs, followed by the restoration of blood flow and reoxygenation. In addition to ischemia, blood flow recovery can also lead to very harmful injury, especially inflammatory injury. Autophagy refers to the transport of cellular materials to the lysosomes for degradation, leading to the conversion of cellular components and offering energy and macromolecular precursors. It can maintain the balance of synthesis, decomposition and reuse of the intracellular components, and participate in many physiological processes and diseases. Inflammasomes are a kind of protein complex. Under physiological and pathological conditions, as the cellular innate immune signal receptors, inflammasomes sense pathogens to trigger an inflammatory response. TheNLRP3 inflammasome is the most deeply studied inflammasome and is composed of NLRP3, the adaptor apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) and pro-caspase-1. Its activation triggers the cleavage of pro-interleukin (IL)-1β and pro-IL-18 mediated by caspase-1 and promotes a further inflammatory process. Studies have shown that autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome play an important role in the process of I/R injury, but the relevant mechanisms have not been fully explained, especially how the interaction between autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome participates in I/R injury, which remains to be further studied. Therefore, we reviewed the recent studies about the interplay between autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome in I/R injury and analyzed the mechanisms to provide the theoretical references for further research in the future.
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22
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The Role of Mitochondria in Liver Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: From Aspects of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Fission, Mitochondrial Membrane Permeable Transport Pore Formation, Mitophagy, and Mitochondria-Related Protective Measures. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6670579. [PMID: 34285766 PMCID: PMC8275408 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6670579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) has indeed been shown as a main complication of hepatectomy, liver transplantation, trauma, and hypovolemic shock. A large number of studies have confirmed that microvascular and parenchymal damage is mainly caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is considered to be a major risk factor for IRI. Under normal conditions, ROS as a kind of by-product of cellular metabolism can be controlled at normal levels. However, when IRI occurs, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is inhibited. In addition, oxidative respiratory chain damage leads to massive consumption of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and large amounts of ROS. Additionally, mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in various organs and tissues in IRI. On the one hand, excessive free radicals induce mitochondrial damage, for instance, mitochondrial structure, number, function, and energy metabolism. On the other hand, the disorder of mitochondrial fusion and fission results in further reduction of the number of mitochondria so that it is not enough to clear excessive ROS, and mitochondrial structure changes to form mitochondrial membrane permeable transport pores (mPTPs), which leads to cell necrosis and apoptosis, organ failure, and metabolic dysfunction, increasing morbidity and mortality. According to the formation mechanism of IRI, various substances have been discovered or synthesized for specific targets and cell signaling pathways to inhibit or slow the damage of liver IRI to the body. Here, based on the development of this field, this review describes the role of mitochondria in liver IRI, from aspects of mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial fusion and fission, mPTP formation, and corresponding protective measures. Therefore, it may provide references for future clinical treatment and research.
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Mo C, Xie S, Zeng T, Lai Y, Huang S, Zhou C, Yan W, Huang S, Gao L, Lv Z. Ginsenoside-Rg1 acts as an IDO1 inhibitor, protects against liver fibrosis via alleviating IDO1-mediated the inhibition of DCs maturation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:153524. [PMID: 33667840 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has been reported as a hallmark of hepatic fibrosis. Ginseng Rg1(G-Rg1) is a characterized bioactive component isolated from a traditional Chinese medicinal herb Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Ginseng) that used in China widely. However, the anti-hepatic fibrosis property of G-Rg1 and the underlying mechanisms of action are poorly reported. PURPOSE Here, we researched the effect of G-Rg1 on experimental liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS We applied a CCL4-induced liver fibrosis in mice (wild-type and those overexpressing IDO1 by in vivo AAV9 vector) and HSC-T6 cells to detect the anti-hepatic fibrosis effect of G-Rg1 in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS We found that G-Rg1 reduced serum levels of AST and ALT markedly. Histologic examination indicated that G-Rg1 dramatically improved the extent of liver fibrosis and suppressed the hepatic levels of fibrotic marker α-SMA in vivo and in vitro. The proliferation of HSC-T6 was significantly inhibited by G-Rg1 in vitro. Both TUNEL staining and flow cytometry demonstrated that G-Rg1 attenuated the levels of hepatocyte apoptosis in fibrotic mice. Additionally, G-Rg1 up-regulated the maturation of hepatic DCs via reducing the expression level of hepatic IDO1, which played an inverse role in the maturation of DCs. Furthermore, oral administration of G-Rg1 ameliorated IDO1 overexpression-induced worsen liver fibrosis as well as IDO1 overexpression-mediated more apparent inhibition of maturation of DCs. CONCLUSION These results suggest that G-Rg1, which exerts its antifibrotic properties via alleviating IDO1-mediated the inhibition of DCs maturation, may be a potential therapeutic drug in treating liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Mo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Shuwen Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Yuqi Lai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Sha Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Chuying Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Weixin Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou510515, PR China.
| | - Zhiping Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, PR China.
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Huang Q, Gao S, Zhao D, Li X. Review of ginsenosides targeting mitochondrial function to treat multiple disorders: Current status and perspectives. J Ginseng Res 2020; 45:371-379. [PMID: 34025130 PMCID: PMC8134842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis and prognosis of many common disorders, including neurodegeneration, stroke, myocardial infarction, tumor, and metabolic diseases. Ginsenosides, the major bioactive constituents of Panax ginseng (P. ginseng), have been reported to play beneficial roles in the molecular pathophysiology of these diseases by targeting mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we first introduce the types of ginsenosides and basic mitochondrial functions. Then, recent findings are summarized on different ginsenosides targeting mitochondria and their key signaling pathways for the treatment of multiple diseases, including neurological disorders, cancer, heart disease, hyperglycemia, and inflammation are summarized. This review may explain the common targets of ginsenosides against multiple diseases and provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms, facilitating research on the clinical application of P. ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Huang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Song Gao
- Jilin Xiuzheng Pharmaceutical New Drug Development Co., Ltd, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Corresponding author. Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 130117, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Corresponding author. Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, 130117, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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