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Lyu L, Tao Y, Abaakil K, Gu Y, Zhong G, Hu Y, Zhang Y. Novel insights into DEHP-induced zebrafish spleen damage: Cellular apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and innate immunity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169324. [PMID: 38145680 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
DEHP (Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) is the most abundant phthalate component detected in environmental samples as it is widely used in the manufacturing of children's toys, medical devices and furniture. Due to its wide prevalence and propensity to accumulate in the food chain, significant concerns have risen about the safety profile of DEHP. Here, we used a zebrafish model to investigate the toxicity mechanisms of DEHP. Our results indicated that exposure to DEHP altered the ROS content in zebrafish spleen and inhibited the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT, detoxification enzyme GSH-Px and induced histopathological damage. In addition, elucidated the mechanism of DEHP significantly promoted apoptosis and caused damage in spleen cells through the bax/bcl-2 pathway. Further genetic testing demonstrated significant alterations in mitochondrial biogenesis, fission, and fusion-related genes and suggested potential mechanistic pathways, including GM10532/m6A/FIS1 axis, the STAT3/POA1 axis, and the NFR1/TFAM axis. Serological and genomic analysis indicated that DEHP exposure activated the C3 complement cascade immune pathway and interfered with innate immune function. IBRv2 analysis proposes that innate immunity may serve as a signal indicator of early toxic responses to DEHP pollutants. This study provided comprehensive cellular and genetic data for DEHP toxicity studies and emphasized the need for future management and remediation of DEHP contamination. It also provides data to specifically support the health risk assessments of DEHP, as well as contributing to broader health and environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lyu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Street 600, Harbin 150030, PR China; Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK.
| | - Yue Tao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Street 600, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Kaoutar Abaakil
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, UK.
| | - Yanyan Gu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Street 600, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Guanyu Zhong
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Street 600, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Yang Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Street 600, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Changjiang Street 600, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Liu B, Cao J, Liu L, Zeng M, Yu H, Wu H. Metabolomics-based investigation of the chemical composition changes in Mongolian medicinal plant Euphorbia pekinensis before and after processing with Chebulae Fructus. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115838. [PMID: 37948776 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Euphorbia pekinensis (EP), known for its diuretic properties, is clinically utilized for treating conditions such as edema and malignant tumors. However, in its raw form, Euphorbia pekinensis is toxic, and oral administration of this crude medicine can lead to gastrointestinal stimulation, resulting in abdominal pain and diarrhea. In Mongolian medicine's ethnomedicinal system, a distinctive processing method called "Chebulae Fructus processing" is employed. Chebulae Fructus is used to mitigate the toxicity of EP and alleviate its purgative effects. Nevertheless, the detoxification mechanism associated with this processing method remains unexplored. It is hypothesized that processing with Chebulae Fructus may alter the chemical composition of EP, and the residual components of Chebulae Fructus within processed Chinese medicine might exhibit pharmacological antagonistic effects, thereby achieving the purpose of processing and reducing toxicity. To investigate this further, a combination of UPLC-QTOF-MS-based metabolomics technology and multivariate statistical analysis was employed to analyze and compare the chemical composition of raw and processed EP. Differential variables contributing to group separation were identified based on specific criteria, including VIP (Variable Importance in Projection) values of ≥ 1 in PLS-DA models, p-values < 0.05, and fold changes (FC) > 1.2 or < 0.8. The resulting differentially expressed features were then identified through database matching, literature review, or manual annotation. In total, 47 components were identified from the PEP samples in both positive and negative ionization modes, primarily belonging to flavonoids, terpenoids, organic acids, glycosides, and fatty acids. Among the raw EP group and PEP S4 group, 10 differential compounds were identified. Notably, one toxic terpene and one phenylpropanoid from EP were downregulated, while two bioactive components from Chebulae Fructus were upregulated in the processed group. The possible conversion reactions of these two processing Q-markers were also elucidated. The characteristic processing with Chebulae Fructus resulted in a change in the composition of this Mongolian medicine EP. Furthermore, this study provides a scientific foundation for optimizing the processing technology of EP and offers insights into the processing of other ethnomedicines with toxic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Xianlin Road No. 138, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Xianlin Road No. 138, Nanjing 210023, China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Xianlin Road No. 138, Nanjing 210023, China; National Base of State Ministry of Education for Inheritance of Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Xianlin Road No. 138, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Jie Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Xianlin Road No. 138, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Xianlin Road No. 138, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Xianlin Road No. 138, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongli Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Xianlin Road No. 138, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Xianlin Road No. 138, Nanjing 210023, China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Xianlin Road No. 138, Nanjing 210023, China; National Base of State Ministry of Education for Inheritance of Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Xianlin Road No. 138, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Xianlin Road No. 138, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Xianlin Road No. 138, Nanjing 210023, China; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Xianlin Road No. 138, Nanjing 210023, China; National Base of State Ministry of Education for Inheritance of Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Qixia District, Xianlin Road No. 138, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Wang X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Lu C, Hou K, Huang Y, Juhasz A, Zhu L, Du Z, Li B. Effect of florasulam on oxidative damage and apoptosis in larvae and adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 446:130682. [PMID: 36580788 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Florasulam is widely used for weed control in wheat fields due to its high activity and low dosage. Previous studies on florasulam have focused on soil microbial and residue determination, however, its ecotoxicity to aquatic organisms is unclear. The toxicity of florasulam was evaluated in larvae (120 h) and adult (14 and 28 d) zebrafish. After florasulam (0.1 and 1 μg L-1) exposure, reactive oxygen species levels in larvae and adult zebrafish significantly increased and antioxidant system was activated. Florasulam induced lipid peroxidation in larvae and adult zebrafish. Florasulam did not cause DNA damage to larvae but caused DNA damage to adult zebrafish. Changes in caspase 3/8/9 genes indicated that apoptosis was induced in larvae but inhibited in adult zebrafish. By calculating integrated biomarker response, caspase 3 and malondialdehyde could be used as early warning indicators of florasulam effect on larvae and adult zebrafish, respectively. The higher the exposure concentration, the greater the toxicity of florasulam to larvae and adult zebrafish. Increasing exposure time resulted in higher toxicity to adult zebrafish. Florasulam has different toxicity at larvae and adult zebrafish. In future studies to investigate florasulam toxicity to zebrafish, different zebrafish life stages (larvae and adult) need to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Chengbo Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Kaixuan Hou
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Yunchen Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Albert Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Zhongkun Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China.
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian 271018, China.
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Wang X, Zhang J, Lu C, Liu Y, Yang X, Hou K, Du Z, Li B, Juhasz A, Zhu L. Development toxicity and cytotoxicity of pyroxsulam on embryos and adults of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 319:121040. [PMID: 36632968 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pyroxsulam is a typical triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide herbicide, which plays a vital role in weed control for wheat production. Previous studies on pyroxsulam have mainly focused on weed resistance, control effects, and soil microorganisms, however, research on aquatic ecotoxicity is lacking. This study evaluated the toxicity of pyroxsulam in zebrafish embryos (120 h) and adults (14 and 28 d). Chronic exposure to pyroxsulam (0.2, 2, and 10 μg L-1) reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in embryos but increased ROS content in adults. Pyroxsulam caused lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in embryos and adults. The expression of p53, bcl-2/bax, and caspase 3/8/9 indicated that pyroxsulam inhibited apoptosis in embryos but induced apoptosis in adults. By calculating integrated biomarker response, apoptosis was more readily affected than oxidative damage in embryos and adults. The toxicity of pyroxsulam increased with increasing concentration, however, with increasing exposure time, the toxicity of pyroxsulam to adults decreased. Pyroxsulam exerted toxic effects on zebrafish at different life stages (embryos and adults), and different stages had different toxicity. These results indicate that in future studies on the toxicity of pyroxsulam to zebrafish, different life stages (embryos and adults) need to be studied. The present study evaluated the toxicity of environmentally relevant concentrations of pyroxsulam to zebrafish embryos and adults, providing worthy data for assessing its effects on aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Chengbo Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Kaixuan Hou
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Zhongkun Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Albert Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia.
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
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Zhang Y, Xia Q, Wang J, Zhuang K, Jin H, Liu K. Progress in using zebrafish as a toxicological model for traditional Chinese medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114638. [PMID: 34530096 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been applied for more than 2000 years. However, modern basic research on the safety of TCMs is limited. Establishing safety evaluation technology in line with the characteristics of TCM and conducting large-scale basic toxicity research are keys to comprehensively understand the toxicity of TCMs. In recent years, zebrafish has been used as a model organism for toxicity assessment and is increasingly utilized for toxicity research of TCMs. Yet, a comprehensive review in using zebrafish as a toxicological model for TCMs is lacked. AIM OF THE STUDY We aim to summarize the progress and limitation in toxicity evaluation of TCMs using zebrafish and put forward the future research ideas. MATERIALS AND METHODS The scientific databases, including Springer, Science Direct, Wiley, Pubmed and China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI) were searched using the key words of zebrafish, toxicology, traditional Chinese medicine, acute toxicity, liver injury, cardiotoxicity, kidney toxicity, developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, gastrointestinal irritation, immunotoxicity, ototoxicity, and osteotoxicity. RESULTS Zebrafish assays are low experimental cost and short cycle, easily achieving high-throughput toxicity screening, and exemption from ethical legislation up to 5 dpf. It has been widely used to evaluate the acute toxicity, liver toxicity, cardiotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, gastrointestinal irritation, immunotoxicity, and ototoxicity caused by TCMs, although some physiological difference limited its application. CONCLUSIONS Zebrafish is a powerful model for TCMs toxicity evaluation, but it is not flawless. The toxicity testing criterion and high throughput assays are urgent to be established. This review provides references for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyan Zhuang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China
| | - Hongtao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Kechun Liu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China; Engineering Research Center of Zebrafish Models for Human Diseases and Drug Screening of Shandong Province, Jinan, China.
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