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Luo Q, Wei Y, Lv X, Chen W, Yang D, Tuo Q. The Effect and Mechanism of Oleanolic Acid in the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome and Related Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules 2024; 29:758. [PMID: 38398510 PMCID: PMC10892503 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndromes (MetS) and related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a serious threat to human health. MetS are metabolic disorders characterized by obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which increase the risk of CVDs' initiation and development. Although there are many availabile drugs for treating MetS and related CVDs, some side effects also occur. Considering the low-level side effects, many natural products have been tried to treat MetS and CVDs. A five-cyclic triterpenoid natural product, oleanolic acid (OA), has been reported to have many pharmacologic actions such as anti-hypertension, anti-hyperlipidemia, and liver protection. OA has specific advantages in the treatment of MetS and CVDs. OA achieves therapeutic effects through a variety of pathways, attracting great interest and playing a vital role in the treatment of MetS and CVDs. Consequently, in this article, we aim to review the pharmacological actions and potential mechanisms of OA in treating MetS and related CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanye Luo
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Yu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Xuzhen Lv
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, The School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China;
| | - Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Dongmei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
| | - Qinhui Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine, Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (Q.L.); (Y.W.); (W.C.)
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Gumede N, Khathi A. The role of fibrinolysis in the development of prediabetes-associated coronary heart disease: a focus on the plasminogen activator inhibitor -1 and its potential use as a predictive marker in diet-induced prediabetes. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1256427. [PMID: 38024366 PMCID: PMC10652797 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1256427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the onset of T2DM is preceded by prediabetes, which is associated with sedentary lifestyles and consumption of high-calorie diets. Studies have shown that impaired glucose homeostasis creates an environment for developing T2DM-related complications. Using a high-fat-high-carbohydrate diet-induced prediabetes animal model, this study sought to assess the risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) in diet-induced prediabetes and identify biomarkers that can be used for early detection of prediabetes-associated CHD. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly grouped into two groups and were kept on different diets for 20 weeks (n = 6 in each group). One group was fed standard rat chow to serve as a non-prediabetes (NPD) control, while the other group consumed a high-fat-high-carbohydrate diet to induce prediabetes (PD). Post induction, the homeostasis model assessment- insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was used to test for insulin resistance. Body weight, mean arterial pressure (MAP), resting heart rate (HR), inflammatory cytokines (C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6)), lipids (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), lipoproteins (HDL, LDL, VLDL)), endothelial function (endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS), endothelin -1 (ET-1)), fibrinolysis (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)) were all measured to assess the risk of CHD. All data were expressed as means ± S.E.M. Statistical comparisons were performed with Graph Pad. Instat Software using Student's two-sided t-test. The Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression were calculated to assess the association. The value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results There was significant insulin resistance accompanied by significantly increased HbA1c and body weight in PD compared to NPD. Simultaneously, there was a significant increase in inflammatory cytokines in PD compared to NPD. This was accompanied by significantly increased TG and VLDL and endothelial dysfunction in PD. The association between HOMA-IR and PAI-1 was insignificantly positive in NPD, whereas a significantly strong positive association was observed in PD. Conclusion There is a positive correlation between insulin resistance and PAI-1 during prediabetes; therefore, suggesting that prediabetes increases the risk of developing vascular thrombosis. The current therefore study warrants further investigation on PAI-1 and other markers of fibrinolysis for the early detection of thrombosis and risk of CHD in prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nompumelelo Gumede
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Wang Y, Wu X, Shao G, Wang T, Wang Z, Qin B, Zhao J, Liu Z, Fu Y. A cellulose-based intelligent temperature-sensitive molecularly imprinted aerogel reactor for specific recognition and enrichment of ursolic acid. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464225. [PMID: 37541056 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article, thermosensitive molecularly imprinted polymer and composite aerogel were combined for the first time to create an intelligent temperature-responsive aerogel reactor to effectively enrich ursolic acid (UA). Because aerogel carrier had a higher specific surface area and higher porosity compared to other carriers, the ursolic acid molecularly imprinted intelligent temperature responsive aerogel reactor (ITR&AR(G570)&UA-MIP) demonstrated a higher adsorption capacity for UA. More notably, ITR&AR(G570)&UA-MIP have the extraordinary capacity to spontaneously adsorb-desorb target molecule UA by regulating the reaction temperature. The ratio of the target molecule UA to the functional monomer and crosslinker in the grafting process and external influences had a major impact on how ITR&AR(G570)&UA-MIP were prepared overall. When the molar ratio of UA to 4-VP was 1:8, the weight ratio between ITR&AR(G570)&UA-MIP and EGDMA/DVB was 1:2:10, the reaction temperature was 60 °C, and the ambient pH = 6, the material showed the best adsorption capacity, reaching a peak of about 70 mg g-1. After researching the appropriate synthesis conditions, ITR&AR(G570)&UA-MIP were applied to lingonberry (Vaccinium Vitis-Idaea L.) berry extracts in this work. The outcomes show that this technique provides a new, intelligent, temperature-controlled adsorption material for the solid-phase extraction of triterpenoid acids in natural products, with good specific adsorption performance for the target molecule UA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; The College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; The College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Guansong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; The College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; The College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; The College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Bingyang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; The College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Jingru Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; The College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Forest Bio-preparation, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; The College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Yujie Fu
- The College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Ji Y, Zhang X, Chen J, Song S, Fang S, Wang Z, Xu S, Xu Y, Liu J, Jiang C, Pan K, Zhang J, Wang L, Yin Z. Asiatic acid attenuates tubular injury in diabetic kidney disease by regulating mitochondrial dynamics via the Nrf-2 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154552. [PMID: 36610157 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dynamics plays a crucial role in tubular injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Asiatic acid (AA) has demonstrated renal protective effects in DKD; however, its therapeutic effect on tubular injury in DKD remains unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to verify the effects of AA on tubular injury in DKD and underlying mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN In the present study, the effects of AA on tubular injury were assessed in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-stimulated HK-2 cells models. METHODS After oral administration with or without AA for ten weeks, body weight and levels of fast blood glucose, serum creatinine (sCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary albumin, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were detected. Histological analysis was performed to evaluate the renal function of rats. Moreover, the expression of proteins associated with the Nrf-2 pathway and mitochondrial dynamics was analyzed. AGEs-stimulated HK-2 cells were examined to evaluate the tubular protection and the mechanism of AA in vitro. RESULTS AA remarkably decreased albumin levels, KIM-1 levels in urine, and serum Cr, and BUN levels. In addition, AA prevented tubular injury and mitochondrial injury by regulating the Nrf-2 pathway and mitochondrial dynamics. Furthermore, the effects of AA on mitochondrial dynamics and tubular protection were eliminated after treatment with ML385 (Nrf2 inhibitor). CONCLUSION These findings suggested that AA might be developed as a potential candidate for the treatment of tubular injury in DKD, and its effects are potentially mediated via the regulation of the Nrf-2 pathway and mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Ji
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 211200, China
| | - Xuanxuan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jicong Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Sijia Song
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Siyang Fang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Susu Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 211200, China
| | - Yinying Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Lishui District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 211200, China
| | - Jianjing Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Cuihua Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Ke Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zhiqi Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Wang K, Xu X, Shan Q, Ding R, Lyu Q, Huang L, Chen X, Han X, Yang Q, Sang X, Peng M, Hao M, Cao G. Integrated gut microbiota and serum metabolomics reveal the protective effect of oleanolic acid on liver and kidney-injured rats induced by Euphorbia pekinensis. Phytother Res 2022. [PMID: 36426741 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Euphorbia pekinensis (EP) is a commonly used Chinese medicine treating edema with potential hepatorenal toxicity. However, its toxic mechanism and prevention are remained to be explored. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a triterpene acid with potential hepatorenal protective activities. We investigated the protective effect and potential mechanism of OA on EP-induced hepatorenal toxicity. In this study, rats were given total diterpenes from EP (TDEP, 16 mg/kg) combined with OA (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) by gavage for 4 weeks. The results showed that TDEP administration could lead to a 3-4-fold increasement in hepatorenal biochemical parameters with histopathological injuries, while OA treatment could ameliorate them in a dose-dependent manner. At microbial and metabolic levels, intestinal flora and host metabolism were perturbed after TDEP administration. The disturbance of bile acid metabolism was the most significant metabolic pathway, with secondary bile acids increasing while conjugated bile acids decreased. OA treatment can improve the disorder of intestinal flora and metabolic bile acid spectrum. Further correlation analysis screened out that Escherichia-Shigella, Phascolarctobacterium, Acetatifactor, and Akkermansia were closely related to the bile acid metabolic disorder. In conclusion, oleanolic acid could prevent hepatorenal toxicity induced by EP by regulating bile acids metabolic disorder via intestinal flora improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuilong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofen Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiyuan Shan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Lyu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lichuang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianan Sang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyun Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Yang YH, Dai SY, Deng FH, Peng LH, Li C, Pei YH. Recent advances in medicinal chemistry of oleanolic acid derivatives. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 203:113397. [PMID: 36029846 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oleanolic acid (OA), a ubiquitous pentacyclic oleanane-type triterpene isolated from edible and medicinal plants, exhibits a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities and tremendous therapeutic potential. However, the undesirable pharmacokinetic properties limit its application and development. Numerous researches on structural modifications of OA have been carried out to overcome this limitation and improve its pharmacokinetic and therapeutic properties. This review aims to compile and summarize the recent progresses in the medicinal chemistry of OA derivatives, especially on structure-activity relationship in the last few years (2010-2021). It gives insights into the rational design of bioactive derivatives from OA scaffold as promising therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Si-Yang Dai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Fu-Hua Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Li-Huan Peng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
| | - Yue-Hu Pei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
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Gumede N, Ngubane P, Khathi A. Assessing the risk factors for myocardial infarction in diet-induced prediabetes: myocardial tissue changes. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:350. [PMID: 35918636 PMCID: PMC9347129 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hyperglycaemia is known to result in oxidative stress tissue injury and dysfunction. Interestingly, studies have reported hepatic and renal oxidative stress injury during prediabetes; however, any injury to the myocardium during prediabetes has not been investigated. Hence this study aims to assess changes in the myocardial tissue in an HFHC diet-induced model of prediabetes. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly grouped into non-prediabetes and prediabetes (n = 6 in each group) and consumed a standard rat chow or fed a high-fat-high-carbohydrate diet respectively for a 20-week prediabetes induction period. Post induction, prediabetes was confirmed using the ADA criteria. Aldose reductase, NADH oxidase 1, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxide, cardiac troponins were analysed in cardiac tissue homogenate using specific ELISA kits. Lipid peroxidation was estimated by determining the concentration of malondialdehyde in the heart tissue homogenate according to the previously described protocol. Myocardial tissue sections were stained with H&E stain and analysed using Leica microsystem. All data were expressed as means ± SEM. Statistical comparisons were performed with Graph Pad instat Software using the Student's two-sided t-test. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the association. Value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The prediabetes group showed a markedly high oxidative stress as indicated by significantly increased NADH oxidase 1 and malondialdehyde while superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxide were decreased compared to non-prediabetes group. There was no statistical difference between cardiac troponin I and T in the non-prediabetes and prediabetes groups. Cardiac troponins had a weak positive association with glycated haemoglobin. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrate that prediabetes is associated with myocardial injury through oxidative stress. Future studies are to investigate cardiac contractile function and include more cardiac biomarkers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-022-02758-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nompumelelo Gumede
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, X54001, South Africa. .,Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Room E2 401, Westville, South Africa.
| | - Phikelelani Ngubane
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, X54001, South Africa
| | - Andile Khathi
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, X54001, South Africa
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Mioc M, Milan A, Malița D, Mioc A, Prodea A, Racoviceanu R, Ghiulai R, Cristea A, Căruntu F, Șoica C. Recent Advances Regarding the Molecular Mechanisms of Triterpenic Acids: A Review (Part I). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147740. [PMID: 35887090 PMCID: PMC9322890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triterpenic acids are phytocompounds with a widespread range of biological activities that have been the subject of numerous in vitro and in vivo studies. However, their underlying mechanisms of action in various pathologies are not completely elucidated. The current review aims to summarize the most recent literature, published in the last five years, regarding the mechanism of action of three triterpenic acids (asiatic acid, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid), corelated with different biological activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and antimicrobial. All three discussed compounds share several mechanisms of action, such as the targeted modulation of the PI3K/AKT, Nrf2, NF-kB, EMT, and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathways, while other mechanisms that proved to only be specific for a part of the triterpenic acids discussed, such as the modulation of Notch, Hippo, and MALAT1/miR-206/PTGS1 signaling pathway, were highlighted as well. This paper stands as the first part in our literature study on the topic, which will be followed by a second part focusing on other triterpenic acids of therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Mioc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Milan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniel Malița
- Department of Radiology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (A.M.); Tel.: +40-256-494-604 (D.M. & A.M.)
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (A.M.); Tel.: +40-256-494-604 (D.M. & A.M.)
| | - Alexandra Prodea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Racoviceanu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Ghiulai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Cristea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
| | - Florina Căruntu
- Department of Medical Semiology II, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 2 Eftimie Murgu Street, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Codruța Șoica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (M.M.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (R.R.); (R.G.); (A.C.); (C.Ș.)
- Research Centre for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluation, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Sq., No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Lim HM, Park SH. Regulation of reactive oxygen species by phytochemicals for the management of cancer and diabetes. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:5911-5936. [PMID: 34996316 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2025574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and diabetes mellitus are served as typical life-threatening diseases with common risk factors. Developing therapeutic measures in cancers and diabetes have aroused attention for a long time. However, the problems with conventional treatments are in challenge, including side effects, economic burdens, and patient compliance. It is essential to secure safe and efficient therapeutic methods to overcome these issues. As an alternative method, antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of phytochemicals from edible plants have come to the fore. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring compounds, considered promising agent applicable in treatment of various diseases with beneficial effects. Either antioxidative or pro-oxidative activity of various phytochemicals were found to contribute to regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis, which can exert preventive and therapeutic effects against cancer and diabetes. In this article, the antioxidant or pro-oxidant effects and underlying mechanisms of flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins in cancer or diabetic models demonstrated by the recent studies are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heui Min Lim
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
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Mkhize BC, Mosili P, Ngubane PS, Sibiya NH, Khathi A. Diet-induced prediabetes: Effects on the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in selected organs. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 13:768-780. [PMID: 34619025 PMCID: PMC9077724 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Derangements often observed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with disturbances in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity. A positive correlation between local RAAS activity and the complications observed in T2D has been noted. However, the detrimental ramifications due to moderate hyperglycemia noted in prediabetes and the affected organ system and mechanistic pathways are not elucidated. Hence, this study investigated the effects of diet-induced prediabetes on RAAS in various organs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into two groups: non-pre-diabetic (NPD) through exposure to standard rat chow and diet-induced prediabetic (PD) group by exposure to a high-fat high carbohydrate diet for 32 weeks. RAAS activity in the skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver, pancreas and heart was determined through the analysis of RAAS components such as; renin, angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) via PCR as well as the quantification of angiotensin II and aldosterone concentration. Furthermore, NADPH oxidase, SOD and GPx1 concentrations were determined in the skeletal muscle, pancreas and heart in addition to the hepatic triglycerides. RESULTS The RAAS components were elevated in the PD group when compared to the NPD. This was further accompanied by increased NADPH oxidase and reduced SOD and GPx1 concentrations in the selected organs, in addition to the elevated hepatic triglycerides concentration in the PD by comparison to NPD. CONCLUSION Due to these observed changes, we suggest that local RAAS activity in the prediabetic state in selected organs elicits the derangements noted in T2D.
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