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Lesmana R, Tandean S, Christoper A, Suwantika AA, Wathoni N, Abdulah R, Fearnley J, Bankova V, Zulhendri F. Propolis as an autophagy modulator in relation to its roles in redox balance and inflammation regulation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116745. [PMID: 38761422 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradation process that is evolutionarily conserved and is essential in maintaining cellular and physiological homeostasis through lysosomal removal and elimination of damaged peptides, proteins and cellular organelles. The dysregulation of autophagy is implicated in various diseases and disorders, including cancers, infection-related, and metabolic syndrome-related diseases. Propolis has been demonstrated in various studies including many human clinical trials to have antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immune-modulator, neuro-protective, and anti-cancer. Nevertheless, the autophagy modulation properties of propolis have not been extensively studied and explored. The role of propolis and its bioactive compounds in modulating cellular autophagy is possibly due to their dual role in redox balance and inflammation. The present review attempts to discuss the activities of propolis as an autophagy modulator in biological models in relation to various diseases/disorders which has implications in the development of propolis-based nutraceuticals, functional foods, and complementary therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lesmana
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia; Biological Activity Division, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia.
| | - S Tandean
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Sumatera Utara 20222, Indonesia.
| | - A Christoper
- Postgraduate Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia.
| | - A A Suwantika
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia.
| | - N Wathoni
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; Research Center of Biopolymers for Drug and Cosmetic Delivery, Bandung 45363, Indonesia.
| | - R Abdulah
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 45363, Indonesia.
| | - J Fearnley
- Apiceutical Research Centre, Unit 3b Enterprise Way, Whitby, North Yorkshire YO18 7NA, UK.
| | - V Bankova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev str., bl. 9, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria.
| | - F Zulhendri
- Kebun Efi, Kabanjahe, North Sumatra 22171, Indonesia; Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia.
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Božić DD, Ćirković I, Milovanović J, Bufan B, Folić M, Savić Vujović K, Pavlović B, Jotić A. In Vitro Antibiofilm Effect of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine/Dry Propolis Extract Combination on Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Upper Respiratory Tract Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1604. [PMID: 38004469 PMCID: PMC10674846 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic upper respiratory tract infections. In addition to conventional antimicrobial therapy, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and propolis are dietary supplements that are often recommended as supportive therapy for upper respiratory tract infections. However, no data on the beneficial effect of their combination against bacterial biofilms can be found in the scientific literature. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the in vitro effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and dry propolis extract in fixed combinations (NAC/dry propolis extract fixed combination) on biofilm formation by bacterial species isolated from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic otitis media, and chronic adenoiditis. The prospective study included 48 adults with chronic rhinosinusitis, 29 adults with chronic otitis media, and 33 children with chronic adenoiditis. Bacteria were isolated from tissue samples obtained intraoperatively and identified using the MALDI-TOF Vitek MS System. The antimicrobial activity, synergism, and antibiofilm effect of NAC/dry propolis extract fixed combination were studied in vitro. A total of 116 different strains were isolated from the tissue samples, with staphylococci being the most frequently isolated in all patients (57.8%). MICs of the NAC/dry propolis extract fixed combination ranged from 1.25/0.125 to 20/2 mg NAC/mg propolis. A synergistic effect (FICI ≤ 0.5) was observed in 51.7% of strains. The majority of isolates from patients with chronic otitis media were moderate biofilm producers and in chronic adenoiditis they were weak biofilm producers, while the same number of isolates in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis were weak and moderate biofilm producers. Subinhibitory concentrations of the NAC/propolis combination ranging from 0.625-0.156 mg/mL to 10-2.5 mg/mL of NAC combined with 0.062-0.016 mg/mL to 1-0.25 mg/mL of propolis inhibited biofilm formation in all bacterial strains. Suprainhibitory concentrations ranging from 2.5-10 mg/mL to 40-160 mg/mL of NAC in combination with 0.25-1 mg/mL to 4-16 mg/mL of propolis completely eradicated the biofilm. In conclusion, the fixed combination of NAC and dry propolis extract has a synergistic effect on all stages of biofilm formation and eradication of the formed biofilm in bacteria isolated from upper respiratory tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana D. Božić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ivana Ćirković
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Dr Subotića 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.F.); (K.S.V.); (B.P.); (A.J.)
| | - Jovica Milovanović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.F.); (K.S.V.); (B.P.); (A.J.)
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Bufan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Miljan Folić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.F.); (K.S.V.); (B.P.); (A.J.)
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Savić Vujović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.F.); (K.S.V.); (B.P.); (A.J.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dr Subotica 1, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Pavlović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.F.); (K.S.V.); (B.P.); (A.J.)
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Jotić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (J.M.); (M.F.); (K.S.V.); (B.P.); (A.J.)
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Ruiz Ruiz JC, Pacheco López NA, Rejón Méndez EG, Samos López FA, Medina Medina L, Quezada-Euán JJG. Phenolic Content and Bioactivity as Geographical Classifiers of Propolis from Stingless Bees in Southeastern Mexico. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071434. [PMID: 37048257 PMCID: PMC10093637 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Propolis collected by stingless bees is a valuable biocultural resource and a source of bioactive compounds. Methodologies to establish both the geographic origin and the potential pharmacological activity of propolis of stingless bees are required to regulate their sustainable use. The aim of this study was to classify Melipona beecheii propolis according to its phenolic compound content and potential pharmacological activity, using in vitro assays and statistical methodologies of multivariate analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. Propolis samples were collected from seven states in southeastern Mexico. Total phenolic content and flavonoids were determined spectrophotometrically, and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. Both total phenolic content and flavonoids, and in vitro bioactivity potential of propolis extracts showed significant variations. Multivariate analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and principal component analysis enabled us to distinguish and classify propolis produced by M. beecheii according to similarity in terms of total phenolic content, in vitro bioactivity potential, and geographical origin. This strategy could be used to establish regulations for sustainable use, marketing, and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Carlos Ruiz Ruiz
- Escuela de Nutrición, División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac-Mayab, Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida a Progreso, Int. Km 2 Carretera a Chablekal, Mérida 97310, Yucatán, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - Neith Aracely Pacheco López
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Subsede Sureste, Parque Científico Tecnológico de Yucatán, Km 5.5 Sierra Papacal-Chuburná Puerto, Mérida 97302, Yucatán, Mexico;
| | - Estephania Guadalupe Rejón Méndez
- Departamento de Apicultura, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Mérida 97100, Yucatán, Mexico; (E.G.R.M.); (F.A.S.L.); (L.M.M.); (J.J.G.Q.-E.)
| | - Felipe Antonio Samos López
- Departamento de Apicultura, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Mérida 97100, Yucatán, Mexico; (E.G.R.M.); (F.A.S.L.); (L.M.M.); (J.J.G.Q.-E.)
| | - Luis Medina Medina
- Departamento de Apicultura, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Mérida 97100, Yucatán, Mexico; (E.G.R.M.); (F.A.S.L.); (L.M.M.); (J.J.G.Q.-E.)
| | - José Javier G. Quezada-Euán
- Departamento de Apicultura, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Mérida 97100, Yucatán, Mexico; (E.G.R.M.); (F.A.S.L.); (L.M.M.); (J.J.G.Q.-E.)
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Ożarowski M, Karpiński TM. The Effects of Propolis on Viral Respiratory Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010359. [PMID: 36615554 PMCID: PMC9824023 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Propolis remains an interesting source of natural chemical compounds that show, among others, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. Due to the growing incidence of respiratory tract infections caused by various pathogenic viruses, complementary methods of prevention and therapy supporting pharmacotherapy are constantly being sought out. The properties of propolis may be important in the prevention and treatment of respiratory tract diseases caused by viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, influenza viruses, the parainfluenza virus and rhinoviruses. One of the main challenges in recent years has been severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing COVID-19. Recently, an increasing number of studies are focusing on the activity of various propolis preparations against SARS-CoV-2 as an adjuvant treatment for this infection. Propolis has shown a few key mechanisms of anti-SARS-CoV-2 action such as: the inhibition of the interaction of the S1 spike protein and ACE-2 protein; decreasing the replication of viruses by diminishing the synthesis of RNA transcripts in cells; decreasing the particles of coronaviruses. The anti-viral effect is observed not only with extracts but also with the single biologically active compounds found in propolis (e.g., apigenin, caffeic acid, chrysin, kaempferol, quercetin). Moreover, propolis is effective in the treatment of hyperglycemia, which increases the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The aim of the literature review was to summarize recent studies from the PubMed database evaluating the antiviral activity of propolis extracts in terms of prevention and the therapy of respiratory tract diseases (in vitro, in vivo, clinical trials). Based upon this review, it was found that in recent years studies have focused mainly on the assessment of the effectiveness of propolis and its chemical components against COVID-19. Propolis exerts wide-spectrum antimicrobial activities; thus, propolis extracts can be an effective option in the prevention and treatment of co-infections associated with diseases of the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Ożarowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants—National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 10, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence:
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Schepetkin IA, Özek G, Özek T, Kirpotina LN, Kokorina PI, Khlebnikov AI, Quinn MT. Neutrophil Immunomodulatory Activity of Nerolidol, a Major Component of Essential Oils from Populus balsamifera Buds and Propolis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3399. [PMID: 36501438 PMCID: PMC9739404 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is a resinous mixture of substances collected and processed from various botanical sources by honeybees. Black poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) buds are one of the primary sources of propolis. Despite their reported therapeutic properties, little is known about the innate immunomodulatory activity of essential oils from P. balsamifera and propolis. In the present studies, essential oils were isolated from the buds of P. balsamifera and propolis collected in Montana. The main components of the essential oil from P. balsamifera were E-nerolidol (64.0%), 1,8-cineole (10.8%), benzyl benzoate (3.7%), α-terpinyl acetate (2.7%), α-pinene (1.8%), o-methyl anisol (1.8%), salicylaldehyde (1.8%), and benzyl salicylate (1.6%). Likewise, the essential oil from propolis was enriched with E-nerolidol (14.4%), cabreuva oxide-VI (7.9%), α-bisabolol (7.1%), benzyl benzoate (6.1%), β-eudesmol (3.6%), T-cadinol (3.1%), 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (3.1%), α-eudesmol (3.0%), fokienol (2.2%), nerolidol oxide derivative (1.9%), decanal (1.8%), 3-butenyl benzene (1.5%), 1,4-dihydronaphthalene (1.5%), selina-4,11-diene (1.5%), α-cadinol (1.5%), linalool (1.4%), γ-cadinene (1.4%), 2-phenylethyl-2-methyl butyrate (1.4%), 2-methyl-2-butenol (1.3%), octanal (1.1%), benzylacetone (1.1%), and eremoligenol (1.1%). A comparison between P. balsamifera and propolis essential oils demonstrated that 22 compounds were found in both essential oil samples. Both were enriched in E-nerolidol and its derivatives, including cabreuva oxide VI and nerolidol oxides. P. balsamifera and propolis essential oils and pure nerolidol activated Ca2+ influx in human neutrophils. Since these treatments activated neutrophils, the essential oil samples were also evaluated for their ability to down-regulate the neutrophil responses to subsequent agonist activation. Indeed, treatment with P. balsamifera and propolis essential oils inhibited subsequent activation of these cells by the N-formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) agonist fMLF and the FPR2 agonist WKYMVM. Likewise, nerolidol inhibited human neutrophil activation induced by fMLF (IC50 = 4.0 μM) and WKYMVM (IC50 = 3.7 μM). Pretreatment with the essential oils and nerolidol also inhibited human neutrophil chemotaxis induced by fMLF, again suggesting that these treatments down-regulated human neutrophil responses to inflammatory chemoattractants. Finally, reverse pharmacophore mapping predicted several potential kinase targets for nerolidol. Thus, our studies have identified nerolidol as a potential anti-inflammatory modulator of human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A. Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Gulmira Özek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Temel Özek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Liliya N. Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Polina I. Kokorina
- Kizhner Research Center, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | | | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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Allergic Inflammation: Effect of Propolis and Its Flavonoids. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196694. [PMID: 36235230 PMCID: PMC9570745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of allergic diseases and their complications are increasing worldwide. Today, people increasingly use natural products, which has been termed a "return to nature". Natural products with healing properties, especially those obtained from plants and bees, have been used in the prevention and treatment of numerous chronic diseases, including allergy and/or inflammation. Propolis is a multi-component resin rich in flavonoids, collected and transformed by honeybees from buds and plant wounds for the construction and adaptation of their nests. This article describes the current views regarding the possible mechanisms and multiple benefits of flavonoids in combating allergy and allergy-related complications. These benefits arise from flavonoid anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and wound healing activities and their effects on microbe-immune system interactions in developing host responses to different allergens. Finally, this article presents various aspects of allergy pathobiology and possible molecular approaches in their treatment. Possible mechanisms regarding the antiallergic action of propolis on the microbiota of the digestive and respiratory tracts and skin diseases as a method to selectively remove allergenic molecules by the process of bacterial biotransformation are also reported.
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Zullkiflee N, Taha H, Usman A. Propolis: Its Role and Efficacy in Human Health and Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27186120. [PMID: 36144852 PMCID: PMC9504311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With technological advancements in the medicinal and pharmaceutical industries, numerous research studies have focused on the propolis produced by stingless bees (Meliponini tribe) and Apis mellifera honeybees as alternative complementary medicines for the potential treatment of various acute and chronic diseases. Propolis can be found in tropical and subtropical forests throughout the world. The composition of phytochemical constituents in propolis varies depending on the bee species, geographical location, botanical source, and environmental conditions. Typically, propolis contains lipid, beeswax, essential oils, pollen, and organic components. The latter include flavonoids, phenolic compounds, polyphenols, terpenes, terpenoids, coumarins, steroids, amino acids, and aromatic acids. The biologically active constituents of propolis, which include countless organic compounds such as artepillin C, caffeic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, apigenin, chrysin, galangin, kaempferol, luteolin, genistein, naringin, pinocembrin, coumaric acid, and quercetin, have a broad spectrum of biological and therapeutic properties such as antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstruct pulmonary disorders, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory tract-related diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, as well as neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and immuno-inflammatory agents. Therefore, this review aims to provide a summary of recent studies on the role of propolis, its constituents, its biologically active compounds, and their efficacy in the medicinal and pharmaceutical treatment of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadzirah Zullkiflee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Hussein Taha
- Environmental and Life Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Anwar Usman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
- Correspondence:
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8
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Lesmana R, Zulhendri F, Fearnley J, Irsyam IA, Rasyid RPHN, Abidin T, Abdulah R, Suwantika A, Paradkar A, Budiman AS, Pasang T. The Suitability of Propolis as a Bioactive Component of Biomaterials. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:930515. [PMID: 35754488 PMCID: PMC9213800 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.930515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a resinous product collected by bees from plant exudates to protect and maintain hive homeostasis. Propolis has been used therapeutically for centuries as folk medicine. Modern research investigating the diversity of the chemical composition and plant sources, biological activity, extraction processes, analytical methods, and therapeutic properties in clinical settings have been carried out extensively since the 1980s. Due to its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immuno-modulator properties, propolis appears to be a suitable bioactive component to be incorporated into biomaterials. This review article attempts to analyze the potential application of propolis as a biomaterial component from the available experimental evidence. The efficacy and compabitility of propolis depend upon factors, such as types of extracts and types of biomaterials. Generally, propolis appears to be compatible with hydroxyapatite/calcium phosphate-based biomaterials. Propolis enhances the antimicrobial properties of the resulting composite materials while improving the physicochemical properties. Furthermore, propolis is also compatible with wound/skin dressing biomaterials. Propolis improves the wound healing properties of the biomaterials with no negative effects on the physicochemical properties of the composite biomaterials. However, the effect of propolis on the glass-based biomaterials cannot be generalized. Depending on the concentration, types of extract, and geographical sources of the propolis, the effect on the glass biomaterials can either be an improvement or detrimental in terms of mechanical properties such as compressive strength and shear bond strength. In conclusion, two of the more consistent impacts of propolis across these different types of biomaterials are the enhancement of the antimicrobial and the immune-modulator/anti-inflammatory properties resulting from the combination of propolis and the biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Lesmana
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Biological Activity Division, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Felix Zulhendri
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Kebun Efi, Kabanjahe, Indonesia
| | | | - Ilham A Irsyam
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Renaldi P H N Rasyid
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Trimurni Abidin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Rizky Abdulah
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Auliya Suwantika
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Anant Paradkar
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Engineering Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Arief S Budiman
- Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering and Technology, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, OR, United States.,Industrial Engineering Department, BINUS Graduate Program, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Timotius Pasang
- Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering and Technology, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, OR, United States
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