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Liang Q, Jing J, He H, Huang X, Liu J, Wang M, Qi Z, Zhang L, Huang Z, Yan Y, Liu S, Gao M, Zou Y. Manganese induces podocyte injury through regulating MTDH/ALKBH5/NLRP10 axis: Combined analysis at epidemiology and molecular biology levels. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108672. [PMID: 38648691 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient required for various biological processes but excess exposure to Mn can cause neurotoxicity. However, there are few reports regarding the toxicity effect of Mn on the kidney as well as the underlying molecule mechanism. Herein, in vivo experiments were adopted to assess the toxicity effects associated with Mn, and found that chronic Mn treatment induced the injury of glomerular podocytes but not renal tubule in rats. Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen was then employed to explore the biotargets of the toxic effect of Mn on podocytes. Through functional analyses of the enriched candidate genes, NLRP10 was found to be significantly up-regulated and mediated Mn-induced podocyte apoptosis. Further mechanism investigation revealed that NLRP10 expression was regulated by demethylase AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) in an m6A-dependent fashion upon Mn treatment. Moreover, Mn could directly bind to Metadherin (MTDH) and promoted its combination with ALKBH5 to promote NLRP10 expression and cell apoptosis. Finally, logistic regressions, restricted cubic spline regressions and uniform cubic B-spline were used to investigate the association between Mn exposure and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). A U-shaped nonlinear relationship between CKD risk and plasma Mn level, and a positive linear relationship between CKD risk and urinary Mn levels was found in our case-control study. To sum up, our findings illustrated that m6A-dependent NLRP10 regulation is indispensable for podocyte apoptosis and nephrotoxicity induced by Mn, providing fresh insight into understanding the health risk of Mn and a novel target for preventing renal injury in Mn-intoxicated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuju Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jiajun Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Huiming He
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Institute of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Mingjun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zijuan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Li'e Zhang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Ziang Huang
- Department of Mathematics, University of California at Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yunfeng Zou
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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Peng Y, Yang Y, Li Y, Shi T, Xu N, Liu R, Luan Y, Yao Y, Yin C. Mitochondrial (mt)DNA-cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling promotes pyroptosis of macrophages via interferon regulatory factor (IRF)7/IRF3 activation to aggravate lung injury during severe acute pancreatitis. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:61. [PMID: 38671352 PMCID: PMC11055249 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00575-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage proinflammatory activation contributes to the pathology of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and, simultaneously, macrophage functional changes, and increased pyroptosis/necrosis can further exacerbate the cellular immune suppression during the process of SAP, where cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) plays an important role. However, the function and mechanism of cGAS-STING in SAP-induced lung injury (LI) remains unknown. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was combined with caerulein-induced SAP in wild type, cGAS -/- and sting -/- mice. Primary macrophages were extracted via bronchoalveolar lavage and peritoneal lavage. Ana-1 cells were pretreated with LPS and stimulated with nigericin sodium salt to induce pyroptosis in vitro. RESULTS SAP triggered NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation-mediated pyroptosis of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages in mouse model. Knockout of cGAS/STING could ameliorate NLRP3 activation and macrophage pyroptosis. In addition, mitochondrial (mt)DNA released from damaged mitochondria further induced macrophage STING activation in a cGAS- and dose-dependent manner. Upregulated STING signal can promote NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated macrophage pyroptosis and increase serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels and, thus, exacerbate SAP-associated LI (SAP-ALI). Downstream molecules of STING, IRF7, and IRF3 connect the mtDNA-cGAS-STING axis and the NLRP3-pyroptosis axis. CONCLUSIONS Negative regulation of any molecule in the mtDNA-cGAS-STING-IRF7/IRF3 pathway can affect the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes, thereby reducing macrophage pyroptosis and improving SAP-ALI in mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiu Peng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Yuxi Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Tingjuan Shi
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Yingyi Luan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
| | - Yongming Yao
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 251 Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
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Lin C, He C, Li L, Liu Y, Tang L, Ni Z, Zhang N, Lai T, Chen X, Wang X. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) ameliorates early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats via inhibiting STING-NLRP3 inflammatory signaling. Neuroreport 2024; 35:250-257. [PMID: 38305103 PMCID: PMC10852041 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is intimately associated with poor prognosis in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a disulfide antioxidant, has been shown to be neuroprotective in an in vivo model of neurological injury; however, the role of ALA in SAH has never been evaluated. In this study, the Sprague-Dawley rats SAH model was induced by endovascular perforation method. ALA was transplanted intravenously into rats, and SR-717, a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist, was injected intraperitoneally. The effects of ALA on early brain injury were assayed by neurological score, hematoxylin and eosin staining and Nissl staining. Immunohistochemistry staining and Western blotting were used to analyze various proteins. ALA significantly reduced STING- NLRP3 protein expression and decreased cell death, which in turn mitigated the neurobehavioral dysfunction following SAH. Furthermore, coadministration of ALA and SR-717 promoted STING-NLRP3 signaling pathway activation following SAH, which reversed the inhibitory effect of ALA on STING-NLRP3 protein activation and increased the neurological deficits. In conclusion, ALA may be a promising therapeutic strategy for alleviating early brain injury after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnan Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming People’s Hospital
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming Clinical College of Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunliu He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming People’s Hospital
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming Clinical College of Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Liuqing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming People’s Hospital
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming Clinical College of Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming People’s Hospital
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming Clinical College of Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Liangang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming People’s Hospital
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming Clinical College of Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Zepeng Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming People’s Hospital
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming Clinical College of Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Naichong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming People’s Hospital
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming Clinical College of Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Tinghai Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming People’s Hospital
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming Clinical College of Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming People’s Hospital
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maoming Clinical College of Guangdong Medical University, Maoming, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
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Kumar V, Stewart JH. cGLRs Join Their Cousins of Pattern Recognition Receptor Family to Regulate Immune Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1828. [PMID: 38339107 PMCID: PMC10855445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize danger signals such as PAMPs/MAMPs and DAMPs to initiate a protective immune response. TLRs, NLRs, CLRs, and RLRs are well-characterized PRRs of the host immune system. cGLRs have been recently identified as PRRs. In humans, the cGAS/STING signaling pathway is a part of cGLRs. cGAS recognizes cytosolic dsDNA as a PAMP or DAMP to initiate the STING-dependent immune response comprising type 1 IFN release, NF-κB activation, autophagy, and cellular senescence. The present article discusses the emergence of cGLRs as critical PRRs and how they regulate immune responses. We examined the role of cGAS/STING signaling, a well-studied cGLR system, in the activation of the immune system. The following sections discuss the role of cGAS/STING dysregulation in disease and how immune cross-talk with other PRRs maintains immune homeostasis. This understanding will lead to the design of better vaccines and immunotherapeutics for various diseases, including infections, autoimmunity, and cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Department of Surgery, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
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Huang S, Gao Y, Li H, Wang R, Zhang X, Wang X, Huang D, Zhang L, Santos HA, Yin Z, Xia B. Manganese@Albumin Nanocomplex and Its Assembled Nanowire Activate TLR4-Dependent Signaling Cascades of Macrophages. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310979. [PMID: 37994277 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory effect of divalent manganese cations (Mn2+ ), such as activation of the cGAS-STING pathway or NLRP3 inflammasomes, positions them as adjuvants for cancer immunotherapy. In this study, it is found that trace Mn2+ ions, bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA) to form Mn@BSA nanocomplexes, stimulate pro-inflammatory responses in human- or murine-derived macrophages through TLR4-mediated signaling cascades. Building on this, the assembly of Mn@BSA nanocomplexes to obtain nanowire structures enables stronger and longer-lasting immunostimulation of macrophages by regulating phagocytosis. Furthermore, Mn@BSA nanocomplexes and their nanowires efficiently activate peritoneal macrophages, reprogramme tumor-associated macrophages, and inhibit the growth of melanoma tumors in vivo. They also show better biosafety for potential clinical applications compared to typical TLR4 agonists such as lipopolysaccharides. Accordingly, the findings provide insights into the mechanism of metalloalbumin complexes as potential TLR agonists that activate macrophage polarization and highlight the importance of their nanostructures in regulating macrophage-mediated innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuodan Huang
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yan Gao
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Huiying Li
- Geriatric Department, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Ruoran Wang
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Di Huang
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Linxuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, P. R. China
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen/University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen/University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Zhenyu Yin
- Geriatric Department, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Bing Xia
- College of Science, State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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Tao G, Liao W, Hou J, Jiang X, Deng X, Chen G, Ding C. Advances in crosstalk among innate immune pathways activated by mitochondrial DNA. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24029. [PMID: 38268572 PMCID: PMC10806296 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are not only the power plant for intracellular oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis, but also involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, signaling and apoptosis. Recent studies have shown that mitochondria play an important role in other pathophysiological functions in addition to cellular energy metabolism. Mitochondria release mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) to activate Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) innate immune signaling pathways against foreign pathogenic microorganisms. The innate immune response not only promotes antimicrobial immune defense and regulates antiviral signaling, but their overactivation also induces the onset and progression of inflammatory diseases. In this paper, we review the role of mtDNA in the activation of innate immune signaling pathways and the crosstalk among innate immune signaling pathways activated by mtDNA, providing clues for the study of inflammatory diseases caused by mtDNA cytoplasmic translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Tao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Clinical Immunology Institute, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Wenyan Liao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jiafeng Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xinmiao Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xin Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Guodong Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Chengming Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
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Liu J, Zhou J, Luan Y, Li X, Meng X, Liao W, Tang J, Wang Z. cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis: an overview of crosstalk mechanism of activation and regulation. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:22. [PMID: 38195584 PMCID: PMC10775518 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01466-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular DNA-sensing pathway cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis act as critical natural immune signaling axes for microbial infection, chronic inflammation, cancer progression and organ degeneration, but the mechanism and regulation of the crosstalk network remain unclear. Cellular stress disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis, facilitates the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and the leakage of mitochondrial DNA to cell membrane, triggers inflammatory responses by activating cGAS-STING signaling, and subsequently induces inflammasomes activation and the onset of pyroptosis. Meanwhile, the inflammasome-associated protein caspase-1, Gasdermin D, the CARD domain of ASC and the potassium channel are involved in regulating cGAS-STING pathway. Importantly, this crosstalk network has a cascade amplification effect that exacerbates the immuno-inflammatory response, worsening the pathological process of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Given the importance of this crosstalk network of cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis in the regulation of innate immunity, it is emerging as a new avenue to explore the mechanisms of multiple disease pathogenesis. Therefore, efforts to define strategies to selectively modulate cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis in different disease settings have been or are ongoing. In this review, we will describe how this mechanistic understanding is driving possible therapeutics targeting this crosstalk network, focusing on the interacting or regulatory proteins, pathways, and a regulatory mitochondrial hub between cGAS-STING, inflammasomes, and pyroptosis. SHORT CONCLUSION This review aims to provide insight into the critical roles and regulatory mechanisms of the crosstalk network of cGAS-STING, inflammasomes and pyroptosis, and to highlight some promising directions for future research and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Liu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- The Second Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, 315099, China
| | - Yuling Luan
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Xiangrui Meng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Wenhao Liao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - Zheilei Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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How the Innate Immune DNA Sensing cGAS-STING Pathway Is Involved in Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24033029. [PMID: 36769349 PMCID: PMC9917431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cGAS-STING signaling axis can be activated by cytosolic DNA, including both non-self DNA and self DNA. This axis is used by the innate immune system to monitor invading pathogens and/or damage. Increasing evidence has suggested that the cGAS-STING pathway not only facilitates inflammatory responses and the production of type I interferons (IFN), but also activates other cellular processes, such as apoptosis. Recently, many studies have focused on analyzing the mechanisms of apoptosis induced by the cGAS-STING pathway and their consequences. This review gives a detailed account of the interplay between the cGAS-STING pathway and apoptosis. The cGAS-STING pathway can induce apoptosis through ER stress, NLRP3, NF-κB, IRF3, and IFN signals. Conversely, apoptosis can feed back to regulate the cGAS-STING pathway, suppressing it via the activation of caspases or promoting it via mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release. Apoptosis mediated by the cGAS-STING pathway plays crucial roles in balancing innate immune responses, resisting infections, and limiting tumor growth.
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