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Zhu L, Gao N, Zhu Z, Zhang S, Li X, Zhu J. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes related to ischemia and hypoxia in spinal cord injury and construction of miRNA-mRNA or mRNA-transcription factor interaction network. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:300-318. [PMID: 37990533 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2286363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies show that spinal cord ischemia and hypoxia is an important cause of spinal cord necrosis and neurological loss. Therefore, the study aimed to identify genes related to ischemia and hypoxia after spinal cord injury (SCI) and analyze their functions, regulatory mechanism, and potential in regulating immune infiltration. METHODS The expression profiles of GSE5296, GSE47681, and GSE217797 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed to determine the function and pathway enrichment of ischemia- and hypoxia-related differentially expressed genes (IAHRDEGs) in SCI. LASSO model was constructed, and support vector machine analysis was used to identify key genes. The diagnostic values of key genes were evaluated using decision curve analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The interaction networks of miRNAs-IAHRDEGs and IAHRDEGs-transcription factors were predicted and constructed with the ENCORI database and Cytoscape software. CIBERSORT algorithm was utilized to analyze the correlation between key gene expression and immune cell infiltration. RESULTS There were 27 IAHRDEGs identified to be significantly expressed in SCI at first. These genes were mostly significantly enriched in wound healing function and the pathway associated with lipid and atherosclerosis. Next, five key IAHRDEGs (Abca1, Casp1, Lpl, Procr, Tnfrsf1a) were identified and predicted to have diagnostic value. Moreover, the five key genes are closely related to immune cell infiltration. CONCLUSION Abca1, Casp1, Lpl, Procr, and Tnfrsf1a may promote the pathogenesis of ischemic or hypoxic SCI by regulating vascular damage, inflammation, and immune infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhibo Zhu
- Medical Equipment Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiping Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Gu C, Geng X, Wu Y, Dai Y, Zeng J, Wang Z, Fang H, Sun Y, Chen X. Engineered Macrophage Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles with Enhanced CCR2 Expression Promote Spinal Cord Injury Repair by Suppressing Neuroinflammation and Neuronal death. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305659. [PMID: 37884477 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe neurological disorder characterized by significant disability and limited treatment options. Mitigating the secondary inflammatory response following the initial injury is the primary focus of current research in the treatment of SCI. CCL2 (C─C motif chemokine ligand 2) serves as the primary regulator responsible for inflammatory chemotaxis of the majority of peripheral immune cells, blocking the CCL2-CCR2 (C─C chemokine receptor type 2) axis has shown considerable therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases, including SCI. In this study, it presents a multifunctional biomimetic nanoplatform (CCR2-MM@PLGA/Cur) specifically designed to target the CCL2-CCR2 axis, which consisted of an engineered macrophage membrane (MM) coating with enhanced CCR2 expression and a PLGA (poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)) nanoparticle that encapsulated therapeutic drugs. CCR2 overexpression on MM not only enhanced drug-targeted delivery to the injury site, but also attenuated macrophage infiltration, microglia pro-inflammatory polarization, and neuronal apoptosis by trapping CCL2. Consequently, it facilitated neural regeneration and motor function recovery in SCI mice, enabling a comprehensive treatment approach for SCI. The feasibility and efficacy of this platform are confirmed through a series of in vitro and in vivo assays, offering new insights and potential avenues for further exploration in the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjiang Gu
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Xiangwu Geng
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Yicheng Wu
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Yuya Dai
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Junkai Zeng
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqiang Wang
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Huapan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yanqing Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
| | - Xiongsheng Chen
- Spine Center, Department of Orthopaedics, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 85 Wujin Road, Shanghai, 200080, P. R. China
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Li M, Huan Y, Jiang T, He Y, Gao Z. Rehabilitation training enhanced the therapeutic effect of calycosin on neurological function recovery of rats following spinal cord injury. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 136:102384. [PMID: 38154570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calycosin (CA), a flavonoids component, has demonstrated potential neuroprotection effects by inhibiting oxidative stress in spinal cord injury (SCI) models. This study aims to investigate the impact of combined rehabilitation training (RT) and calycosin therapy on neurological function following SCI, primarily by assessing changes in motor function recovery, neuronal survival, neuronal oxidative stress levels, and neural proliferation, in order to provide novel insights for the treatment of SCI. MATERIALS AND METHODS The SCI model was constructed by compressing the spinal cord using vascular clamps. Calycosin was injected intraperitoneally into the SCI model rats, and a group of 5 rats underwent RT. The motor function of rats after SCI was evaluated using the Basso Beattle Bresnaha (BBB) score and the inclined plate test. Histopathological changes were evaluated by NeuN immunohistochemistry, HE and Nissl staining. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining. The antioxidant effect of combined treatment was assessed by measuring changes in oxidative stress markers after SCI. Western blot analysis was conducted to examine changes in Hsp90-Akt/ASK1-p38 pathway-related proteins. Finally, cell proliferation was detected by BrdU and Ki67 assays. RESULTS RT significantly improved the BBB score and angle of incline promoted by calycosin, resulting in enhanced motor function recovery in rats with SCI. Combining rehabilitation training with calycosin has a positive effect on morphological recovery. Similarly, combined RT enhanced the Nissl and NeuN staining signals of spinal cord neurons increased by calycosin, thereby increasing the number of neurons. TUNEL staining results indicated that calycosin treatment reduced the apoptosis signal in SCI, and the addition of RT further reduced the apoptosis. Moreover, RT combined with calycosin reduced oxidative stress by increasing SOD and GSH levels, while decreasing MDA, NO, ROS, and LDH expressions compared to the calycosin alone. RT slightly enhanced the effect of calycosin in activating Hsp90 and Akt and inhibiting the activation of ASK1 and p38, leading to enhanced inhibition of oxidative stress by calycosin. Additionally, the proliferation indexes (Ki67 and BrdU) assays showed that calycosin treatment alone increased both, whereas the combination treatment further promoted cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Our research findings demonstrate that rehabilitation training enhances the ability of calycosin to reduce oxidative stress, resulting in a decrease in neuronal apoptosis and an increase in proliferation, ultimately promoting neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Yanqiang Huan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, China
| | - Tianqi Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, China
| | - Yongxiong He
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570216, China
| | - Zengxin Gao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, Zhongda Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing 211200, China.
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Du X, Amin N, Xu L, Botchway BOA, Zhang B, Fang M. Pharmacological intervention of curcumin via the NLRP3 inflammasome in ischemic stroke. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1249644. [PMID: 37915409 PMCID: PMC10616488 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1249644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic-induced neuronal injury arises due to low oxygen/nutrient levels and an inflammatory response that exacerbates neuronal loss. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) is an important regulator of inflammation after ischemic stroke, with its inhibition being involved in nerve regeneration. Curcumin, a main active ingredient in Chinese herbs, plays a positive role in neuronal repair and neuroprotection by regulating the NLRP3 signaling pathway. Nevertheless, the signaling mechanisms relating to how curcumin regulates NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammation and neural restoration following ischemic stroke are unknown. In this report, we summarize the main biological functions of the NLRP3 inflammasome along with the neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms of curcumin via impairment of the NLRP3 pathway in ischemic brain injury. We also discuss the role of medicinal interventions that target the NLRP3 and potential pathways, as well as possible directions for curcumin therapy to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and hinder inflammation in ischemic stroke. This report conclusively demonstrates that curcumin has neuroprotective properties that inhibit inflammation and prevent nerve cell loss, thereby delaying the progression of ischemic brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Du
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nashwa Amin
- Institute of System Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Linhao Xu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Benson O. A. Botchway
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Pharmacy Department, Bupa Cromwell Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Marong Fang
- Department of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
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Wan J, Liu H, Li J, Zeng Y, Ren H, Hu Y. PEG-SH-GNPs-SAPNS@miR-29a delivery system promotes neural regeneration and recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:2107-2123. [PMID: 37366285 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2230841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious disease characterized by hemorrhage, edema, local ischemia and hypoxia, inflammatory reaction, and degeneration of the injured spinal cord, which lacks effective clinical treatments. We design a PEG-SH-GNPs-SAPNS@miR-29a delivery system to repair impaired spinal cord by building a regenerative microenvironment for the recruitment of endogenous neural stem cells. The miR-29a, as an axonal regeneration-related miRNA that overexpression of miR-29a significantly inhibits the expression of PTEN and promotes axonal regeneration of the injured spinal cord. The gold nanoparticles and self-assembling peptide hydrogel composite scaffold (PEG-SH-GNPs-SAPNS@miR-29a delivery system) applied to deliver miR-29a, which recruit endogenous neural stem cells simultaneously. Sustained release of miR-29a and recruitment of endogenous neural stem cells give rise to favorable axonal regeneration and recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury. These findings suggest that the PEG-SH-GNPs-SAPNS@miR-29a delivery system may be an alternative strategy for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Wan
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yet-sun University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Tongde hospital of Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Bone and Joint Degenerative Disease, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Hanzhong Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yet-sun University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiachun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yet-sun University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqing Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Tongde hospital of Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiyong Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Tongde hospital of Zhejiang province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanqing Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yet-sun University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Kim HN, McCrea MR, Li S. Advances in molecular therapies for targeting pathophysiology in spinal cord injury. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:171-187. [PMID: 37017093 PMCID: PMC10148912 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2194532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects 25,000-50,000 people around the world each year and there is no cure for SCI patients currently. The primary injury damages spinal cord tissues and secondary injury mechanisms, including ischemia, apoptosis, inflammation, and astrogliosis, further exacerbate the lesions to the spinal cord. Recently, researchers have designed various therapeutic approaches for SCI by targeting its major cellular or molecular pathophysiology. AREAS COVERED Some strategies have shown promise in repairing injured spinal cord for functional recoveries, such as administering neuroprotective reagents, targeting specific genes to promote robust axon regeneration of disconnected spinal fiber tracts, targeting epigenetic factors to enhance cell survival and neural repair, and facilitating neuronal relay pathways and neuroplasticity for restoration of function after SCI. This review focuses on the major advances in preclinical molecular therapies for SCI reported in recent years. EXPERT OPINION Recent progress in developing novel and effective repairing strategies for SCI is encouraging, but many challenges remain for future design of effective treatments, including developing highly effective neuroprotectants for early interventions, stimulating robust neuronal regeneration with functional synaptic reconnections among disconnected neurons, maximizing the recovery of lost neural functions with combination strategies, and translating the most promising therapies into human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Neui Kim
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Madeline R. McCrea
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Shuxin Li
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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