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Barth C, Nerland S, Jørgensen KN, Haatveit B, Wortinger LA, Melle I, Haukvik UK, Ueland T, Andreassen OA, Agartz I. Altered Sex Differences in Hippocampal Subfield Volumes in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2024; 50:107-119. [PMID: 37354490 PMCID: PMC10754184 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbad091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS The hippocampus is a heterogenous brain structure that differs between the sexes and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric illnesses. Here, we explored sex and diagnostic group differences in hippocampal subfield volumes, in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SZ), bipolar disorders (BD), and healthy controls (CTL). STUDY DESIGN One thousand and five hundred and twenty-one participants underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (SZ, n = 452, mean age 30.7 ± 9.2 [SD] years, males 59.1%; BD, n = 316, 33.7 ± 11.4, 41.5%; CTL, n = 753, 34.1 ± 9.1, 55.6%). Total hippocampal, subfield, and intracranial volumes were estimated with Freesurfer (v6.0.0). Analysis of covariance and multiple regression models were fitted to examine sex-by-diagnostic (sub)group interactions in volume. In SZ and BD, separately, associations between volumes and clinical as well as cognitive measures were examined between the sexes using regression models. STUDY RESULTS Significant sex-by-group interactions were found for the total hippocampus, dentate gyrus, molecular layer, presubiculum, fimbria, hippocampal-amygdaloid transition area, and CA4, indicating a larger volumetric deficit in male patients relative to female patients when compared with same-sex CTL. Subgroup analyses revealed that this interaction was driven by males with schizophrenia. Effect sizes were overall small (partial η < 0.02). We found no significant sex differences in the associations between hippocampal volumes and clinical or cognitive measures in SZ and BD. CONCLUSIONS Using a well-powered sample, our findings indicate that the pattern of morphological sex differences in hippocampal subfields is altered in individuals with schizophrenia relative to CTL, due to higher volumetric deficits in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Barth
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NORMENT, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stener Nerland
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NORMENT, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil N Jørgensen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NORMENT, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Telemark Hospital, Skien, Norway
| | - Beathe Haatveit
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NORMENT, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, NORMENT, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura A Wortinger
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NORMENT, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NORMENT, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, NORMENT, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unn K Haukvik
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, NORMENT, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Adult Mental Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre of Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, NORMENT, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NORMENT, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, NORMENT, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, NORMENT, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ou YN, Ge YJ, Wu BS, Zhang Y, Jiang YC, Kuo K, Yang L, Tan L, Feng JF, Cheng W, Yu JT. The genetic architecture of fornix white matter microstructure and their involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:180. [PMID: 37236919 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The fornix is a white matter bundle located in the center of the hippocampaldiencephalic limbic circuit that controls memory and executive functions, yet its genetic architectures and involvement in brain disorders remain largely unknown. We carried out a genome-wide association analysis of 30,832 UK Biobank individuals of the six fornix diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) traits. The post-GWAS analysis allowed us to identify causal genetic variants in phenotypes at the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), locus, and gene levels, as well as genetic overlap with brain health-related traits. We further generalized our GWAS in adolescent brain cognitive development (ABCD) cohort. The GWAS identified 63 independent significant variants within 20 genomic loci associated (P < 8.33 × 10-9) with the six fornix dMRI traits. Geminin coiled-coil domain containing (GMNC) and NUAK family SNF1-like kinase 1 (NUAK1) gene were highlighted, which were found in UKB and replicated in ABCD. The heritability of the six traits ranged from 10% to 27%. Gene mapping strategies identified 213 genes, where 11 were supported by all of four methods. Gene-based analyses revealed pathways relating to cell development and differentiation, with astrocytes found to be significantly enriched. Pleiotropy analyses with eight neurological and psychiatric disorders revealed shared variants, especially with schizophrenia under the conjFDR threshold of 0.05. These findings advance our understanding of the complex genetic architectures of fornix and their relevance in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi-Jun Ge
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bang-Sheng Wu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Chao Jiang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Kevin Kuo
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian-Feng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
- Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Danieli K, Guyon A, Bethus I. Episodic Memory formation: A review of complex Hippocampus input pathways. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 126:110757. [PMID: 37086812 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Memories of everyday experiences involve the encoding of a rich and dynamic representation of present objects and their contextual features. Traditionally, the resulting mnemonic trace is referred to as Episodic Memory, i.e. the "what", "where" and "when" of a lived episode. The journey for such memory trace encoding begins with the perceptual data of an experienced episode handled in sensory brain regions. The information is then streamed to cortical areas located in the ventral Medio Temporal Lobe, which produces multi-modal representations concerning either the objects (in the Perirhinal cortex) or the spatial and contextual features (in the parahippocampal region) of the episode. Then, this high-level data is gated through the Entorhinal Cortex and forwarded to the Hippocampal Formation, where all the pieces get bound together. Eventually, the resulting encoded neural pattern is relayed back to the Neocortex for a stable consolidation. This review will detail these different stages and provide a systematic overview of the major cortical streams toward the Hippocampus relevant for Episodic Memory encoding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Guyon
- Université Cote d'Azur, Neuromod Institute, France; Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7275, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | - Ingrid Bethus
- Université Cote d'Azur, Neuromod Institute, France; Université Cote d'Azur, CNRS UMR 7275, IPMC, Valbonne, France
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Karantonis JA, Carruthers SP, Rossell SL, Pantelis C, Hughes M, Wannan C, Cropley V, Van Rheenen TE. A Systematic Review of Cognition-Brain Morphology Relationships on the Schizophrenia-Bipolar Disorder Spectrum. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1557-1600. [PMID: 34097043 PMCID: PMC8530395 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The nature of the relationship between cognition and brain morphology in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) and bipolar disorder (BD) is uncertain. This review aimed to address this, by providing a comprehensive systematic investigation of links between several cognitive domains and brain volume, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area in SSD and BD patients across early and established illness stages. An initial search of PubMed and Scopus databases resulted in 1486 articles, of which 124 met inclusion criteria and were reviewed in detail. The majority of studies focused on SSD, while those of BD were scarce. Replicated evidence for specific regions associated with indices of cognition was minimal, however for several cognitive domains, the frontal and temporal regions were broadly implicated across both recent-onset and established SSD, and to a lesser extent BD. Collectively, the findings of this review emphasize the significance of both frontal and temporal regions for some domains of cognition in SSD, while highlighting the need for future BD-related studies on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Karantonis
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sean P Carruthers
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
- St Vincent’s Mental Health, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Hughes
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cassandra Wannan
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
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5
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Park MTM, Jeon P, Khan AR, Dempster K, Chakravarty MM, Lerch JP, MacKinley M, Théberge J, Palaniyappan L. Hippocampal neuroanatomy in first episode psychosis: A putative role for glutamate and serotonin receptors. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110:110297. [PMID: 33691200 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted serotonergic and glutamatergic signaling interact and contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, which is particularly relevant for the hippocampus where diverse expression of serotonin receptors is noted. Hippocampal atrophy is a well-established feature of schizophrenia, with select subfields hypothesized as particularly vulnerable due to variation in glutamate receptor densities. We investigated hippocampal anomalies in first-episode psychosis (FEP) in relation to receptor distributions by leveraging 4 sources of data: (1) ultra high-field (7-Tesla) structural neuroimaging, and (2) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of glutamate from 27 healthy and 41 FEP subjects, (3) gene expression data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas and (4) atlases of the serotonin receptor system. Automated methods delineated the hippocampus to map receptor density across subfields. We used gene expression data to correlate serotonin and glutamate receptor genes across the hippocampus. Measures of individual hippocampal shape-receptor alignment were derived through normative modelling and correlations to receptor distributions, termed Receptor-Specific Morphometric Signatures (RSMS). We found reduced hippocampal volumes in FEP, while CA4-dentate gyrus showed greatest reductions. Gene expression indicated 5-HT1A and 5-HT4 to correlate with AMPA and NMDA expression, respectively. Magnitudes of subfield volumetric reduction in FEP correlated most with 5-HT1A (R = 0.64, p = 4.09E-03) and 5-HT4 (R = 0.54, p = 0.02) densities as expected, and replicated using previously published data from two FEP studies. Right-sided 5-HT4-RSMS was correlated with MRS glutamate (R = 0.357, p = 0.048). We demonstrate a putative glutamate-driven hippocampal variability in FEP through a serotonin receptor-density gated mechanism, thus outlining a mechanistic interplay between serotonin and glutamate in determining the hippocampal morphology in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tae M Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Peter Jeon
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Ali R Khan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Kara Dempster
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jean Théberge
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada.
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6
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Vaquerizo-Serrano J, Salazar de Pablo G, Singh J, Santosh P. Autism Spectrum Disorder and Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 52:1568-1586. [PMID: 33993403 PMCID: PMC8938385 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Psychotic experiences can occur in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Some of the ASD individuals with these experiences may fulfil Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) criteria. A systematic literature search was performed to review the information on ASD and CHR-P. A meta-analysis of the proportion of CHR-P in ASD was conducted. The systematic review included 13 studies. The mean age of ASD individuals across the included studies was 11.09 years. The Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome subgroup was the most frequently reported. Four studies were meta-analysed, showing that 11.6% of CHR-P individuals have an ASD diagnosis. Symptoms of prodromal psychosis may be present in individuals with ASD. The transition from CHR-P to psychosis is not affected by ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Vaquerizo-Serrano
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases (CIPPRD), National and Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK.,Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Maranón, Universidad Complutense, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jatinder Singh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases (CIPPRD), National and Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Paramala Santosh
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK. .,Centre for Interventional Paediatric Psychopharmacology and Rare Diseases (CIPPRD), National and Specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK.
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Cook PF, Hoard VA, Dolui S, Frederick BD, Redfern R, Dennison SE, Halaska B, Bloom J, Kruse-Elliott KT, Whitmer ER, Trumbull EJ, Berns GS, Detre JA, D'Esposito M, Gulland FMD, Reichmuth C, Johnson SP, Field CL, Inglis BA. An MRI protocol for anatomical and functional evaluation of the California sea lion brain. J Neurosci Methods 2021; 353:109097. [PMID: 33581216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2021.109097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domoic acid (DOM) is a neurotoxin produced by some harmful algae blooms in coastal waters. California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) exposed to DOM often strand on beaches where they exhibit a variety of symptoms, including seizures. These animals typically show hippocampal atrophy on MRI scans. NEW METHOD We describe an MRI protocol for comprehensive evaluation of DOM toxicosis in the sea lion brain. We intend to study brain development in pups exposed in utero. The protocol depicts the hippocampal formation as the primary region of interest. We include scans for quantitative morphometry, functional and structural connectivity, and a cerebral blood flow map. RESULTS High-resolution 3D anatomical scans facilitate post hoc slicing in arbitrary planes and accurate morphometry. We demonstrate the first cerebral blood flow map using MRI, and the first structural tractography from a live sea lion brain. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Scans were compared to prior anatomical and functional studies in live sea lions, and structural connectivity in post mortem specimens. Hippocampal volumes were broadly in line with prior studies, with differences likely attributable to the 3D approach used here. Functional connectivity of the dorsal left hippocampus matched that found in a prior study conducted at a lower magnetic field, while structural connectivity in the live brain agreed with findings observed in post mortem studies. CONCLUSIONS Our protocol provides a comprehensive, longitudinal view of the functional and anatomical changes expected to result from DOM toxicosis. It can also screen for other common neurological pathologies and is suitable for any pinniped that can fit inside an MRI scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Cook
- Department of Biopsychology, New College of Florida, 5800 Bay Shore Road, Sarasota, FL, 34243, USA
| | - Vanessa A Hoard
- The Marine Mammal Center, 2000 Bunker Road, Sausalito, CA, 94965, USA
| | - Sudipto Dolui
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Blaise deB Frederick
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard University Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; McLean Hospital Brain Imaging Center, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Richard Redfern
- Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center, 188 Li Ka Shing Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Barbie Halaska
- The Marine Mammal Center, 2000 Bunker Road, Sausalito, CA, 94965, USA
| | - Josh Bloom
- AnimalScan Advanced Veterinary Imaging, 934 Charter St, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Kris T Kruse-Elliott
- AnimalScan Advanced Veterinary Imaging, 934 Charter St, Redwood City, CA, 94063, USA
| | - Emily R Whitmer
- The Marine Mammal Center, 2000 Bunker Road, Sausalito, CA, 94965, USA
| | - Emily J Trumbull
- The Marine Mammal Center, 2000 Bunker Road, Sausalito, CA, 94965, USA
| | - Gregory S Berns
- Psychology Department, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - John A Detre
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mark D'Esposito
- Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center, 188 Li Ka Shing Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, 132 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Frances M D Gulland
- School of Veterinary Medicine Wildlife Health Center, University of California at Davis, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Dr, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Colleen Reichmuth
- Long Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California at Santa Cruz, 115 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA, 95060, USA
| | - Shawn P Johnson
- The Marine Mammal Center, 2000 Bunker Road, Sausalito, CA, 94965, USA
| | - Cara L Field
- The Marine Mammal Center, 2000 Bunker Road, Sausalito, CA, 94965, USA
| | - Ben A Inglis
- Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center, 188 Li Ka Shing Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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8
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Diffusion properties of the fornix assessed by deterministic tractography shows age, sex, volume, cognitive, hemispheric, and twin relationships in young adults from the Human Connectome Project. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:381-395. [PMID: 33386420 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The fornix is the primary efferent pathway of the hippocampus and plays a central role in memory circuitry. Diffusion tensor imaging has shown changes in the fornix with typical development and aging. Here, the fornix was investigated in 903 healthy young adult participants aged 22-36 years old from the high-spatial resolution 1.25 mm isotropic Human Connectome Project (HCP) diffusion dataset. Manual deterministic tractography was used to assess relationships between fornix diffusion parameters and age, sex, laterality, hippocampus volume, memory scores, and genetic effects in a subgroup of mono- and dizygotic twins. Fornix diffusion metrics were weakly correlated with age over the given age span. While significant hemispheric and sex differences were observed (greater fractional anisotropy (FA) and volume in the right hemisphere; greater FA and volume in females), there was great overlap between the groups. Hippocampus volume measurements showed greater volume in the right hemisphere, were found to be larger in males, and were weakly correlated with fornix FA and volume. Interestingly, all fornix diffusion measurements correlated strongly with fornix volume, suggesting the presence of partial volume effects despite the high-spatial resolution of the data. Both fornix diffusion parameters and hippocampal volumes were able to explain some variance (0.6-5.5%) in the memory tests evaluated. The fornix diffusion parameters were influenced by both genetic and shared environmental factors, displaying greater variability in dizygotic than in monozygotic twins. These findings provide a comprehensive depiction of the fornix in healthy, young individuals, upon which future typical development/aging and pathological studies could anchor.
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9
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Bernstein HG, Keilhoff G, Steiner J. The implications of hypothalamic abnormalities for schizophrenia. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 182:107-120. [PMID: 34266587 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819973-2.00008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Until a few years ago, the hypothalamus was believed to play only a marginal role in schizophrenia pathophysiology. However, recent findings show that this rather small brain region involved in many pathways found disrupted-in schizophrenia. Gross anatomic abnormalities (volume changes of the third ventricle, the hypothalamus, and its individual nuclei) as well as alterations at the cellular level (circumscribed loss of neurons) can be observed. Further, increased or decreased expression of hypothalamic peptides such as oxytocin, vasopressin, several factors involved in the regulation of appetite and satiety, endogenous opiates, products of schizophrenia susceptibility genes as well as of enzymes involved in neurotransmitter and neuropeptide metabolism have been reported in schizophrenia and/or animal models of the disease. Remarkably, although profound disturbances of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, and the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis are typical signs of schizophrenia, there is currently no evidence for alterations in the expression of hypothalamic-releasing and inhibiting factors that control these hormonal axes. Finally, the implications of hypothalamus for disease-related disturbances of the sleep-wakefulness cycle and neuroimmune dysfunctions in schizophrenia are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Gerburg Keilhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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10
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Altered hippocampal-prefrontal functional network integrity in adult macaque monkeys with neonatal hippocampal lesions. Neuroimage 2020; 227:117645. [PMID: 33338613 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and ventral lateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) play critical but different roles in working memory (WM) processes. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) was employed to investigate the effects of neonatal hippocampal lesions on the functional connectivity (FC) between the hippocampus (H) and the DLPFC and VLPFC and its relation to WM performance in adult monkeys. Adult rhesus monkeys with neonatal H lesions (Neo-H, n = 5) and age- and gender-matched sham-operated monkeys (Neo-C, n = 5) were scanned around 10 years of age. The FC of H-DLPFC and H-VLPFC in Neo-H monkeys was significantly altered as compared to controls, but also switched from being positive in the Neo-C to negative in the Neo-H. In addition, the altered magnitude of FC between right H and bilateral DLPFC was significantly associated with the extent of the hippocampal lesions. In particular, the effects of neonatal hippocampal lesion on FC appeared to be selective to the left hemisphere of the brain (i.e. asymmetric in the two hemispheres). Finally, FC between H and DLPFC correlated with WM task performance on the SU-DNMS and the Obj-SO tasks for the control animals, but only with the H-VLPFC and SU-DNMS task for the Neo-H animals. In conclusion, the present rsfMRI study revealed that the neonatal hippocampal lesions significantly but differently altered the integrity in the functional connectivity of H-DLPFC and H-VLPFC. The similarities between the behavioral, cognitive and neural alterations in Neo-H monkeys and Schizophrenia (SZ) patients provide a strong translational model to develop new therapeutic tools for SZ.
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11
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Tryon VL, Garman HD, Loewy RL, Niendam TA. Links Between Human and Animal Models of Trauma and Psychosis: A Narrative Review. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 6:154-165. [PMID: 33309566 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic experiences during development are associated with an increased risk of developing psychosis. Individuals with psychosis also report a higher rate of past trauma than healthy control subjects and worse outcomes than those who do not have these experiences. It is thought that traumatic experiences negatively impact specific neurobiological processes to confer this increased risk, and that systems affected by trauma are similarly changed in individuals with psychosis. Examining animal models of psychosis and the shared neurobiological changes in response to stressors can offer valuable insight into biological mechanisms that mediate symptoms and targets for intervention. This targeted review highlights a subset of models of psychosis across humans and animals, examines the similarities with the brain's response to stress and traumatic events, and discusses how these models may interact. Suggestions for future research are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L Tryon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis
| | - Heather D Garman
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rachel L Loewy
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Tara A Niendam
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis.
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12
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Tønnesen S, Kaufmann T, de Lange AMG, Richard G, Doan NT, Alnæs D, van der Meer D, Rokicki J, Moberget T, Maximov II, Agartz I, Aminoff SR, Beck D, Barch DM, Beresniewicz J, Cervenka S, Fatouros-Bergman H, Craven AR, Flyckt L, Gurholt TP, Haukvik UK, Hugdahl K, Johnsen E, Jönsson EG, Kolskår KK, Kroken RA, Lagerberg TV, Løberg EM, Nordvik JE, Sanders AM, Ulrichsen K, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT. Brain Age Prediction Reveals Aberrant Brain White Matter in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: A Multisample Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:1095-1103. [PMID: 32859549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) share substantial neurodevelopmental components affecting brain maturation and architecture. This necessitates a dynamic lifespan perspective in which brain aberrations are inferred from deviations from expected lifespan trajectories. We applied machine learning to diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indices of white matter structure and organization to estimate and compare brain age between patients with SZ, patients with BD, and healthy control (HC) subjects across 10 cohorts. METHODS We trained 6 cross-validated models using different combinations of DTI data from 927 HC subjects (18-94 years of age) and applied the models to the test sets including 648 patients with SZ (18-66 years of age), 185 patients with BD (18-64 years of age), and 990 HC subjects (17-68 years of age), estimating the brain age for each participant. Group differences were assessed using linear models, accounting for age, sex, and scanner. A meta-analytic framework was applied to assess the heterogeneity and generalizability of the results. RESULTS Tenfold cross-validation revealed high accuracy for all models. Compared with HC subjects, the model including all feature sets significantly overestimated the age of patients with SZ (Cohen's d = -0.29) and patients with BD (Cohen's d = 0.18), with similar effects for the other models. The meta-analysis converged on the same findings. Fractional anisotropy-based models showed larger group differences than the models based on other DTI-derived metrics. CONCLUSIONS Brain age prediction based on DTI provides informative and robust proxies for brain white matter integrity. Our results further suggest that white matter aberrations in SZ and BD primarily consist of anatomically distributed deviations from expected lifespan trajectories that generalize across cohorts and scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siren Tønnesen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann-Marie G de Lange
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Geneviève Richard
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Alnæs
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; School of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jaroslav Rokicki
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Moberget
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivan I Maximov
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofie R Aminoff
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Early Intervention in Psychosis Advisory Unit for South East Norway, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dani Beck
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Justyna Beresniewicz
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; NORMENT, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simon Cervenka
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Fatouros-Bergman
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander R Craven
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; NORMENT, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lena Flyckt
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tiril P Gurholt
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unn K Haukvik
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Adult Psychiatry Unit, Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; NORMENT, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Erik G Jönsson
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm Region, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Knut K Kolskår
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HF, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Rune Andreas Kroken
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; NORMENT, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Trine V Lagerberg
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Else-Marie Løberg
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; NORMENT, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Anne-Marthe Sanders
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HF, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Kristine Ulrichsen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HF, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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13
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Kyriakopoulos M, Bargiotas T, Barker GJ, Frangou S. Diffusion tensor imaging in schizophrenia. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 23:255-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging technique that is increasingly being used for the non-invasive evaluation of brain white matter abnormalities. In this review, we discuss the basic principles of DTI, its roots and the contribution of European centres in its development, and we review the findings from DTI studies in schizophrenia. We searched EMBASE, PubMed, PsychInfo, and Medline from February 1998 to December 2006 using as keywords ‘schizophrenia’, ‘diffusion’, ‘tensor’, and ‘DTI’. Forty studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria of this review were included and systematically reviewed. White matter abnormalities in many diverse brain regions were identified in schizophrenia. Although the findings are not completely consistent, frontal and temporal white matter seems to be more commonly affected. Limitations and future directions of this method are discussed.
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14
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Raabe FJ, Slapakova L, Rossner MJ, Cantuti-Castelvetri L, Simons M, Falkai PG, Schmitt A. Oligodendrocytes as A New Therapeutic Target in Schizophrenia: From Histopathological Findings to Neuron-Oligodendrocyte Interaction. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121496. [PMID: 31771166 PMCID: PMC6952785 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging and postmortem studies have revealed disturbed oligodendroglia-related processes in patients with schizophrenia and provided much evidence for disturbed myelination, irregular gene expression, and altered numbers of oligodendrocytes in the brains of schizophrenia patients. Oligodendrocyte deficits in schizophrenia might be a result of failed maturation and disturbed regeneration and may underlie the cognitive deficits of the disease, which are strongly associated with impaired long-term outcome. Cognition depends on the coordinated activity of neurons and interneurons and intact connectivity. Oligodendrocyte precursors form a synaptic network with parvalbuminergic interneurons, and disturbed crosstalk between these cells may be a cellular basis of pathology in schizophrenia. However, very little is known about the exact axon-glial cellular and molecular processes that may be disturbed in schizophrenia. Until now, investigations were restricted to peripheral tissues, such as blood, correlative imaging studies, genetics, and molecular and histological analyses of postmortem brain samples. The advent of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) will enable functional analysis in patient-derived living cells and holds great potential for understanding the molecular mechanisms of disturbed oligodendroglial function in schizophrenia. Targeting such mechanisms may contribute to new treatment strategies for previously treatment-resistant cognitive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian J. Raabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany; (F.J.R.); (L.S.); (P.G.F.)
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Kraepelinstr, 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
- Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Lenka Slapakova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany; (F.J.R.); (L.S.); (P.G.F.)
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Kraepelinstr, 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz J. Rossner
- Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Ludovico Cantuti-Castelvetri
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.C.-C.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikael Simons
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Feodor-Lynen Str. 17, 81377 Munich, Germany; (L.C.-C.); (M.S.)
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, 80805 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter G. Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany; (F.J.R.); (L.S.); (P.G.F.)
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nussbaumstrasse 7, 80336 Munich, Germany; (F.J.R.); (L.S.); (P.G.F.)
- Molecular and Behavioural Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany;
- Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, 05453-010 São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)89-4400-52761; Fax: +49-(0)89-4400-55530
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15
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Schwarb H, Johnson CL, Dulas MR, McGarry MDJ, Holtrop JL, Watson PD, Wang JX, Voss JL, Sutton BP, Cohen NJ. Structural and Functional MRI Evidence for Distinct Medial Temporal and Prefrontal Roles in Context-dependent Relational Memory. J Cogn Neurosci 2019; 31:1857-1872. [PMID: 31393232 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Declarative memory is supported by distributed brain networks in which the medial-temporal lobes (MTLs) and pFC serve as important hubs. Identifying the unique and shared contributions of these regions to successful memory performance is an active area of research, and a growing literature suggests that these structures often work together to support declarative memory. Here, we present data from a context-dependent relational memory task in which participants learned that individuals belonged in a single room in each of two buildings. Room assignment was consistent with an underlying contextual rule structure in which male and female participants were assigned to opposite sides of a building and the side assignment switched between buildings. In two experiments, neural correlates of performance on this task were evaluated using multiple neuroimaging tools: diffusion tensor imaging (Experiment 1), magnetic resonance elastography (Experiment 1), and functional MRI (Experiment 2). Structural and functional data from each individual modality provided complementary and consistent evidence that the hippocampus and the adjacent white matter tract (i.e., fornix) supported relational memory, whereas the ventromedial pFC/OFC (vmPFC/OFC) and the white matter tract connecting vmPFC/OFC to MTL (i.e., uncinate fasciculus) supported memory-guided rule use. Together, these data suggest that MTL and pFC structures differentially contribute to and support contextually guided relational memory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joel L Voss
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
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16
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Cui L, Gong X, Chang M, Yin Z, Geng H, Song Y, Lv J, Feng R, Wang F, Tang Y, Xu K. Association of LHPP genetic variation (rs35936514) with structural and functional connectivity of hippocampal-corticolimbic neural circuitry. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 14:1025-1033. [PMID: 31250265 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-019-00140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A single nucleotide polymorphism at the LHPP gene (rs35936514) has been reported to be associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) in genome-wide association studies. We conducted a neuroimaging analysis to explore whether and which brain neural systems are affected by LHPP variation. Since LHPP variants seem to be associated with the hippocampus, we assessed the relationship between rs35936514 variation and structural-functional connectivity within a hippocampal-corticolimbic neural system implicated in MDD. A total of 122 Chinese subjects were divided into a CC homozygous group (CC genotype, n = 60) and a T allele-carrier group (CT/TT genotypes, n = 62). All subjects participated in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans. Structural and functional connectivity data analyses were then performed. Compared to the CC group, the T allele-carrier group showed significantly higher fractional anisotropy (FA) values in the fornix as well as increased functional connectivity from the hippocampus to the rostral part of the anterior cingulate cortex (rACC). Moreover, a significant negative correlation between fornix FA value and hippocampus-rACC functional connectivity was identified (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that there is a relationship between rs35936514 variation and both structural and functional hippocampal-corticolimbic neural system involvement in MDD. LHPP may play an important role in the neuropathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Cui
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthroology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Chang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyang Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiyang Geng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhuo Song
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruiqi Feng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- The Research Institute for Brain Functional Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Department of Geriatrics and Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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Kuo SS, Pogue-Geile MF. Variation in fourteen brain structure volumes in schizophrenia: A comprehensive meta-analysis of 246 studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:85-94. [PMID: 30615934 PMCID: PMC6401304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite hundreds of structural MRI studies documenting smaller brain volumes on average in schizophrenia compared to controls, little attention has been paid to group differences in the variability of brain volumes. Examination of variability may help interpret mean group differences in brain volumes and aid in better understanding the heterogeneity of schizophrenia. Variability in 246 MRI studies was meta-analyzed for 13 structures that have shown medium to large mean effect sizes (Cohen's d≥0.4): intracranial volume, total brain volume, lateral ventricles, third ventricle, total gray matter, frontal gray matter, prefrontal gray matter, temporal gray matter, superior temporal gyrus gray matter, planum temporale, hippocampus, fusiform gyrus, insula; and a control structure, caudate nucleus. No significant differences in variability in cortical/subcortical volumes were detected in schizophrenia relative to controls. In contrast, increased variability was found in schizophrenia compared to controls for intracranial and especially lateral and third ventricle volumes. These findings highlight the need for more attention to ventricles and detailed analyses of brain volume distributions to better elucidate the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S Kuo
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 4209 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet St., Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA.
| | - Michael F Pogue-Geile
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 4209 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet St., Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA; Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 4207 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet St., Pittsburgh PA 15260, USA.
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18
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Schafer M, Schiller D. The Hippocampus and Social Impairment in Psychiatric Disorders. COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 83:105-118. [PMID: 30787048 DOI: 10.1101/sqb.2018.83.037614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Social deficits, such as poor social skills (i.e., the inability to engage in appropriate and effective social interactions) and social withdrawal, are prevalent across psychiatric disorders and often co-occur with hippocampal structural and functional abnormalities. The centrality of both social and hippocampal dysfunction in psychiatric research prompts the question: Are they linked? The social cognitive map framework provides a clue: The hippocampus tracks social information in the physical environment, maps others along social dimensions, and supports social memory and decision-making. Hippocampal dysfunction might disrupt social map representation and contribute to commonly seen social behavioral symptoms. This review summarizes evidence for the role of the hippocampus in social cognitive mapping, followed by evidence that hippocampal dysfunction and social dysfunction co-occur in psychiatric disorders. We argue that the co-occurrence of hippocampal and social impairment may be related via hippocampal social cognitive mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Schafer
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Daniela Schiller
- Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Tønnesen S, Kaufmann T, Doan NT, Alnæs D, Córdova-Palomera A, Meer DVD, Rokicki J, Moberget T, Gurholt TP, Haukvik UK, Ueland T, Lagerberg TV, Agartz I, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT. White matter aberrations and age-related trajectories in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder revealed by diffusion tensor imaging. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14129. [PMID: 30237410 PMCID: PMC6147807 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32355-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Supported by histological and genetic evidence implicating myelin, neuroinflammation and oligodendrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SZ), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have consistently shown white matter (WM) abnormalities when compared to healthy controls (HC). The diagnostic specificity remains unclear, with bipolar disorders (BD) frequently conceptualized as a less severe clinical manifestation along a psychotic spectrum. Further, the age-related dynamics and possible sex differences of WM abnormalities in SZ and BD are currently understudied. Using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) we compared DTI-based microstructural indices between SZ (n = 128), BD (n = 61), and HC (n = 293). We tested for age-by-group and sex-by-group interactions, computed effect sizes within different age-bins and within genders. TBSS revealed global reductions in fractional anisotropy (FA) and increases in radial (RD) diffusivity in SZ compared to HC, with strongest effects in the body and splenium of the corpus callosum, and lower FA in SZ compared to BD in right inferior longitudinal fasciculus and right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and no significant differences between BD and HC. The results were not strongly dependent on age or sex. Despite lack of significant group-by-age interactions, a sliding-window approach supported widespread WM involvement in SZ with most profound differences in FA from the late 20 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siren Tønnesen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aldo Córdova-Palomera
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jaroslav Rokicki
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Moberget
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tiril P Gurholt
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Unn K Haukvik
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Ueland
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine Vik Lagerberg
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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20
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The hypothalamus and neuropsychiatric disorders: psychiatry meets microscopy. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 375:243-258. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Antoniades M, Schoeler T, Radua J, Valli I, Allen P, Kempton MJ, McGuire P. Verbal learning and hippocampal dysfunction in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 86:166-175. [PMID: 29223768 PMCID: PMC5818020 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis summarizes research examining whether deficits in verbal learning are related to bilateral hippocampal volume reductions in patients with or at risk for schizophrenia and in healthy controls. 17 studies with 755 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), 232 Genetic High Risk (GHR) subjects and 914 healthy controls (HC) were included. Pooled correlation coefficients were calculated between hemisphere (left, right or total) and type of recall (immediate or delayed) for each diagnostic group individually (SCZ, GHR and HC). In SCZ, left and right hippocampal volume positively correlated with immediate (r=0.256, 0.230) and delayed (r=0.132, 0.231) verbal recall. There was also a correlation between total hippocampal volume and delayed recall (r=0.233). None of these correlations were significant in healthy controls. There was however, a positive correlation between left hippocampal volume and immediate recall in the GHR group (r=0.356). The results suggest that hippocampal volume affects immediate and delayed verbal learning capacity in schizophrenia and provides further evidence of hippocampal dysfunction in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Antoniades
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK.
| | - Tabea Schoeler
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK; FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries - CIBERSAM, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isabel Valli
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Paul Allen
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, London, UK
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22
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Lui S, Zhou XJ, Sweeney JA, Gong Q. Psychoradiology: The Frontier of Neuroimaging in Psychiatry. Radiology 2017; 281:357-372. [PMID: 27755933 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016152149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Unlike neurologic conditions, such as brain tumors, dementia, and stroke, the neural mechanisms for all psychiatric disorders remain unclear. A large body of research obtained with structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography/single photon emission computed tomography, and optical imaging has demonstrated regional and illness-specific brain changes at the onset of psychiatric disorders and in individuals at risk for such disorders. Many studies have shown that psychiatric medications induce specific measurable changes in brain anatomy and function that are related to clinical outcomes. As a result, a new field of radiology, termed psychoradiology, seems primed to play a major clinical role in guiding diagnostic and treatment planning decisions in patients with psychiatric disorders. This article will present the state of the art in this area, as well as perspectives regarding preparations in the field of radiology for its evolution. Furthermore, this article will (a) give an overview of the imaging and analysis methods for psychoradiology; (b) review the most robust and important radiologic findings and their potential clinical value from studies of major psychiatric disorders, such as depression and schizophrenia; and (c) describe the main challenges and future directions in this field. An ongoing and iterative process of developing biologically based nomenclatures with which to delineate psychiatric disorders and translational research to predict and track response to different therapeutic drugs is laying the foundation for a shift in diagnostic practice in psychiatry from a psychologic symptom-based approach to an imaging-based approach over the next generation. This shift will require considerable innovations for the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of brain images, all of which will undoubtedly require the active involvement of radiologists. © RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Lui
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (S.L., J.A.S., Q.G.); and Center for MR Research and Departments of Radiology, Neurosurgery and Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (X.J.Z.)
| | - Xiaohong Joe Zhou
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (S.L., J.A.S., Q.G.); and Center for MR Research and Departments of Radiology, Neurosurgery and Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (X.J.Z.)
| | - John A Sweeney
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (S.L., J.A.S., Q.G.); and Center for MR Research and Departments of Radiology, Neurosurgery and Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (X.J.Z.)
| | - Qiyong Gong
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (S.L., J.A.S., Q.G.); and Center for MR Research and Departments of Radiology, Neurosurgery and Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill (X.J.Z.)
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23
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White Matter Integrity in Genetic High-Risk Individuals and First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients: Similarities and Disassociations. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3107845. [PMID: 28401151 PMCID: PMC5376415 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3107845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
White matter (WM) neuroimaging studies have shown varied findings at different stages of schizophrenia (SZ). Understanding these variations may elucidate distinct markers of genetic vulnerability and conversion to psychosis. To examine the similarities and differences in WM connectivity between those at-risk for and in early stages of SZ, a cross-sectional diffusion tensor imaging study of 48 individuals diagnosed with first-episode SZ (FE-SZ), 37 nonpsychotic individuals at a high genetic risk of SZ (GHR-SZ), and 67 healthy controls (HC) was conducted. Decreased fractional anisotropy (FA) in the corpus callosum (CC), anterior cingulum (AC), and uncinate fasciculus (UF) was observed in both the GHR-SZ and FE-SZ groups, while decreased FAs in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and the fornix were only seen in the FE-SZ participants. Additionally, both GHR-SZ and FE-SZ showed worse executive performance than HC. The left SLF III FA was significantly positively correlated with hallucinations, and right SLF II was positively correlated with thought disorder. The presence of shared WM deficits in both FE-SZ and GHR-SZ individuals may reflect the genetic liability to SZ, while the disparate FA changes in the FE-SZ group may represent symptom-generating circuitry that mediates perceptual and cognitive disturbances of SZ and ultimately culminates in the onset of psychotic episodes.
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24
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Vuoksimaa E, Panizzon MS, Hagler DJ, Hatton SN, Fennema-Notestine C, Rinker D, Eyler LT, Franz CE, Lyons MJ, Neale MC, Tsuang MT, Dale AM, Kremen WS. Heritability of white matter microstructure in late middle age: A twin study of tract-based fractional anisotropy and absolute diffusivity indices. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 38:2026-2036. [PMID: 28032374 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that differences among individuals in white matter microstructure, as measured with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), are under genetic control. However, little is known about the relative contribution of genetic and environmental effects on different diffusivity indices among late middle-aged adults. Here, we examined the magnitude of genetic influences for fractional anisotropy (FA), and mean (MD), axial (AD), and radial (RD) diffusivities in male twins aged 56-66 years old. Using an atlas-based registration approach to delineate individual white matter tracts, we investigated mean DTI-based indices within the corpus callosum, 12 bilateral tracts and all these regions of interest combined. All four diffusivity indices had high heritability at the global level (72%-80%). The magnitude of genetic effects in individual tracts varied from 0% to 82% for FA, 0% to 81% for MD, 8% to 77% for AD, and 0% to 80% for RD with most of the tracts showing significant heritability estimates. Despite the narrow age range of this community-based sample, age was correlated with all four diffusivity indices at the global level. In sum, all diffusion indices proved to have substantial heritability for most of the tracts and the heritability estimates were similar in magnitude for different diffusivity measures. Future studies could aim to discover the particular set of genes that underlie the significant heritability of white matter microstructure. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2026-2036, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Vuoksimaa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland and Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matthew S Panizzon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Donald J Hagler
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Sean N Hatton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Christine Fennema-Notestine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Daniel Rinker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Imaging Genetics Center, Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lisa T Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, San Diego, California
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Michael J Lyons
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael C Neale
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ming T Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Center for Behavior Genomics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.,VA San Diego Healthcare System, Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, La Jolla, California
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25
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Knöchel C, Schmied C, Linden DEJ, Stäblein M, Prvulovic D, de A de Carvalho L, Harrison O, Barros PO, Carvalho AF, Reif A, Alves GS, Oertel-Knöchel V. White matter abnormalities in the fornix are linked to cognitive performance in SZ but not in BD disorder: An exploratory analysis with DTI deterministic tractography. J Affect Disord 2016; 201:64-78. [PMID: 27177298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In psychosis, white matter (WM) microstructural changes have been detected previously; however, direct comparisons of findings between bipolar (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) patients are scarce. In this study, we employed deterministic tractography to reconstruct WM tracts in BD and SZ patients. METHODS Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data was carried out with n=32 euthymic BD type I patients, n=26 SZ patients and 30 matched healthy controls. Deterministic tractography using multiple indices of diffusion (fractional anisotropy (FA), tract volume (Vol), tract length (Le) and number of tracts (NofT)) were obtained from the fornix, the cingulum, the anterior thalamic radiation, and the corpus callosum bilaterally. RESULTS We showed widespread WM microstructural changes in SZ, and changes in the corpus callosum, the left cingulum and the fornix in BD. Fornix fiber tracking scores were associated with cognitive performance in SZ, and with age and age at disease onset in the BD patient group. LIMITATIONS Although the influence of psychopharmacological drugs as biasing variables on morphological alterations has been discussed for SZ and BD, we did not observe a clear influence of drug exposure on our findings. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the assumption that SZ patients have more severe WM changes than BD patients. The findings also suggest a major role of WM changes in the fornix as important fronto-limbic connections in the etiology of cognitive symptoms in SZ, but not in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Knöchel
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe Univ., Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Claudia Schmied
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe Univ., Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - David E J Linden
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Stäblein
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe Univ., Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - David Prvulovic
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe Univ., Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Luiza de A de Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Octavia Harrison
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe Univ., Frankfurt/Main, Germany; Brain Imaging Center, Goethe Univ., Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Paulo O Barros
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - André F Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Andreas Reif
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe Univ., Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Gilberto S Alves
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Viola Oertel-Knöchel
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Dept. of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe Univ., Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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26
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Green AE, Croft RJ, Maller JJ, Fitzgerald PB. White matter correlates of episodic memory encoding and retrieval in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2016; 254:188-198. [PMID: 27479923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Episodic memory (EM) impairments in schizophrenia (SZ) are predictive of functional outcome and are a potential endophenotype of the disorder. The current study investigated the neuroanatomical correlates of EM encoding and retrieval in SZ with structural magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures in 22 patients with SZ and 22 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Tract-based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) was used to investigate microstructural alterations in white matter (WM), while FreeSurfer surface-based analysis was used to determine abnormalities in grey matter (GM) and WM volumetrics and cortical thickness. Compared to controls, patients demonstrated GM deficits in temporal and parietal regions and lower fractional anisotropy (FA) of WM in diffuse brain regions. Patients also demonstrated reduced functioning in both encoding and retention of auditory-verbal EM. Among patients but not controls, EM encoding correlated with WM volume in the orbitofrontal cortex and increased radial diffusivity in the fornix, whereas EM retrieval correlated with WM volume in posterior parietal cortex. These findings suggest a differential role for frontal and parietal WM in EM encoding and retrieval processes, while myelin integrity of the fornix may play a specific role in mediating EM encoding processes in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amity E Green
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and the Alfred Hospital, Australia.
| | - Rodney J Croft
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jerome J Maller
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and the Alfred Hospital, Australia
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University and the Alfred Hospital, Australia
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27
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Oestreich LKL, Pasternak O, Shenton ME, Kubicki M, Gong X, McCarthy-Jones S, Whitford TJ. Abnormal white matter microstructure and increased extracellular free-water in the cingulum bundle associated with delusions in chronic schizophrenia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2016; 12:405-14. [PMID: 27622137 PMCID: PMC5008040 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background There is growing evidence to suggest that delusions associated with schizophrenia arise from altered structural brain connectivity. The present study investigated whether structural changes in three major fasciculi that interconnect the limbic system – the cingulum bundle, uncinate fasciculus and fornix – are associated with delusions in chronic schizophrenia patients. Methods Free-water corrected Diffusion Tensor Imaging was used to investigate the association between delusions and both microstructural changes within these three fasciculi and extracellular changes in the surrounding free-water. Clinical data and diffusion MRI scans were obtained from 28 healthy controls and 86 schizophrenia patients, of whom 34 had present state delusions, 35 had a lifetime history but currently remitted delusions, and 17 had never experienced delusions. Results While present state and remitted delusions were found to be associated with reduced free-water corrected fractional anisotropy (FAT) and increased free-water corrected radial diffusivity (RDT) in the cingulum bundle bilaterally, extracellular free-water (FW) in the left cingulum bundle was found to be specifically associated with present state delusions in chronic schizophrenia. No changes were observed in the remaining tracts. Conclusions These findings suggest that state and trait delusions in chronic schizophrenia are associated with microstructural processes, such as myelin abnormalities (as indicated by decreased FAT and increased RDT) in the cingulum bundle and that state delusions are additionally associated with extracellular processes such as neuroinflammation or atrophy (as indicated by increased FW) in the left cingulum bundle. Free-water imaging was used to differentiate microstructural and extracellular processes. Patients with delusions showed increased RDT and FW in the cingulum bundle. Myelin abnormalities and neuroinflammation may be involved in the manifestation of delusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena K L Oestreich
- School of Psychology, UNSW Australia, NSW, Australia; Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ofer Pasternak
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marek Kubicki
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xue Gong
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Simon McCarthy-Jones
- Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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28
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Baumann PS, Griffa A, Fournier M, Golay P, Ferrari C, Alameda L, Cuenod M, Thiran JP, Hagmann P, Do KQ, Conus P. Impaired fornix-hippocampus integrity is linked to peripheral glutathione peroxidase in early psychosis. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e859. [PMID: 27459724 PMCID: PMC5545707 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Several lines of evidence implicate the fornix-hippocampus circuit in schizophrenia. In early-phase psychosis, this circuit has not been extensively investigated and the underlying mechanisms affecting the circuit are unknown. The hippocampus and fornix are vulnerable to oxidative stress at peripuberty in a glutathione (GSH)-deficient animal model. The purposes of the current study were to assess the integrity of the fornix-hippocampus circuit in early-psychosis patients (EP), and to study its relationship with peripheral redox markers. Diffusion spectrum imaging and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to assess the fornix and hippocampus in 42 EP patients compared with 42 gender- and age-matched healthy controls. Generalized fractional anisotropy (gFA) and volumetric properties were used to measure fornix and hippocampal integrity, respectively. Correlation analysis was used to quantify the relationship of gFA in the fornix and hippocampal volume, with blood GSH levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Patients compared with controls exhibited lower gFA in the fornix as well as smaller volume in the hippocampus. In EP, but not in controls, smaller hippocampal volume was associated with high GPx activity. Disruption of the fornix-hippocampus circuit is already present in the early stages of psychosis. Higher blood GPx activity is associated with smaller hippocampal volume, which may support a role of oxidative stress in disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Baumann
- Department of Psychiatry, Unit for Research in Schizophrenia, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Service of General Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Griffa
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Fournier
- Department of Psychiatry, Unit for Research in Schizophrenia, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Golay
- Department of Psychiatry, Service of General Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Community Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Ferrari
- Department of Psychiatry, Unit for Research in Schizophrenia, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Alameda
- Department of Psychiatry, Unit for Research in Schizophrenia, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Service of General Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Cuenod
- Department of Psychiatry, Unit for Research in Schizophrenia, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J-P Thiran
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Hagmann
- Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS5), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Q Do
- Department of Psychiatry, Unit for Research in Schizophrenia, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Conus
- Department of Psychiatry, Service of General Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Falkai P, Steiner J, Malchow B, Shariati J, Knaus A, Bernstein HG, Schneider-Axmann T, Kraus T, Hasan A, Bogerts B, Schmitt A. Oligodendrocyte and Interneuron Density in Hippocampal Subfields in Schizophrenia and Association of Oligodendrocyte Number with Cognitive Deficits. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:78. [PMID: 27065804 PMCID: PMC4811909 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In schizophrenia, previous stereological post-mortem investigations of anterior, posterior, and total hippocampal subfields showed no alterations in total neuron number but did show decreased oligodendrocyte numbers in CA4, an area that corresponds to the polymorph layer of the dentate gyrus (DG). However, these investigations identified oligodendrocytes only on the basis of morphological criteria in Nissl staining and did not assess alterations of interneurons with immunohistochemical markers. Moreover, the association of findings in the posterior hippocampus with cognitive deficits remains unknown. On the basis of the available clinical records, we compared patients with definite and possible cognitive dysfunction; nine patients had evidence in their records of either definite (n = 4) or possible (n = 5) cognitive dysfunction. Additionally, we assessed the density of two oligodendrocyte subpopulations immunostained by the oligodendrocyte transcription factors Olig1 and Olig2 and of interneurons immunolabeled by parvalbumin. We investigated posterior hippocampal subregions in the post-mortem brains of the same schizophrenia patients (SZ; n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 10) we examined in our previously published stereological studies. Our stereological studies found that patients with definite cognitive deficits had decreased total/Nissl-stained oligodendrocyte numbers in the left (p = 0.014) and right (p = 0.050) CA4, left CA2/3 (p = 0.050), left CA1 (p = 0.027), and left (p = 0.050) and right (p = 0.014) subiculum of the anterior part of the hippocampus compared to patients with possible cognitive deficits. In the present study, we found no significant influence of definite cognitive deficits in the posterior part of the hippocampus, whereas in the entire hippocampus SZ with definite cognitive deficits showed decreased oligodendrocyte numbers in the left (p = 0.050) and right (p = 0.050) DG and left CA2/3 (p = 0.050). We did not find significant differences in Olig1-, Olig2-, or parvalbumin-positive cell density between SZ and controls in any of the subregions of the posterior hippocampus. Based on the results from our stereological study we hypothesize that a decreased number of oligodendrocytes in the anterior and entire hippocampus may be involved in cognitive deficits by impairing the connectivity of this structure in schizophrenia. In the posterior hippocampus, we could not replicate previously reported findings of decreased interneurons from the entire hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Berend Malchow
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Jawid Shariati
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Knaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schneider-Axmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Theo Kraus
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research (ZNP), Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich Munich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Bogerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Schmitt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians-University MunichMunich, Germany; Laboratory of Neuroscience (LIM27), Institute of Psychiatry, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
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Milleit B, Smesny S, Rothermundt M, Preul C, Schroeter ML, von Eiff C, Ponath G, Milleit C, Sauer H, Gaser C. Serum S100B Protein is Specifically Related to White Matter Changes in Schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:33. [PMID: 27013967 PMCID: PMC4782018 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Schizophrenia can be conceptualized as a form of dysconnectivity between brain regions.To investigate the neurobiological foundation of dysconnectivity, one approach is to analyze white matter structures, such as the pathology of fiber tracks. S100B is considered a marker protein for glial cells, in particular oligodendrocytes and astroglia, that passes the blood brain barrier and is detectable in peripheral blood. Earlier Studies have consistently reported increased S100B levels in schizophrenia. In this study, we aim to investigate associations between S100B and structural white matter abnormalities. Methods: We analyzed data of 17 unmedicated schizophrenic patients (first and recurrent episode) and 22 controls. We used voxel based morphometry (VBM) to detect group differences of white matter structures as obtained from T1-weighted MR-images and considered S100B serum levels as a regressor in an age-corrected interaction analysis. Results: S100B was increased in both patient subgroups. Using VBM, we found clusters indicating significant differences of the association between S100B concentration and white matter. Involved anatomical structures are the posterior cingulate bundle and temporal white matter structures assigned to the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Conclusions: S100B-associated alterations of white matter are shown to be existent already at time of first manifestation of psychosis and are distinct from findings in recurrent episode patients. This suggests involvement of S100B in an ongoing and dynamic process associated with structural brain changes in schizophrenia. However, it remains elusive whether increased S100B serum concentrations in psychotic patients represent a protective response to a continuous pathogenic process or if elevated S100B levels are actively involved in promoting structural brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berko Milleit
- Department of Psychiatry, Jena University HospitalJena, Germany; St. Joseph-KrankenhausDessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Stefan Smesny
- Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Rothermundt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of MuensterMuenster, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, St. Rochus HospitalTelgte, Germany
| | - Christoph Preul
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias L Schroeter
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences and Clinic for Cognitive Neurology Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christof von Eiff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University of Muenster Muenster, Germany
| | - Gerald Ponath
- Department of Psychiatry, University of MuensterMuenster, Germany; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale UniversityNew Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christine Milleit
- Department of Psychiatry, Jena University HospitalJena, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Sophien- und Hufeland-KlinikumWeimar, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Gaser
- Department of Psychiatry, Jena University HospitalJena, Germany; Department of Neurology, Jena University HospitalJena, Germany
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31
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Geng H, Wu F, Kong L, Tang Y, Zhou Q, Chang M, Zhou Y, Jiang X, Li S, Wang F. Disrupted Structural and Functional Connectivity in Prefrontal-Hippocampus Circuitry in First-Episode Medication-Naïve Adolescent Depression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148345. [PMID: 26863301 PMCID: PMC4749380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence implicates abnormalities in prefrontal-hippocampus neural circuitry in major depressive disorder (MDD). This study investigates the potential disruptions in prefrontal-hippocampus structural and functional connectivity, as well as their relationship in first-episode medication-naïve adolescents with MDD in order to investigate the early stage of the illness without confounds of illness course and medication exposure. METHODS Diffusion tensor imaging and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data were acquired from 26 first-episode medication-naïve MDD adolescents and 31 healthy controls (HC). Fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the fornix and the prefrontal-hippocampus functional connectivity was compared between MDD and HC groups. The correlation between the FA value of fornix and the strength of the functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) region showing significant differences between the two groups was identified. RESULTS Compared with the HC group, adolescent MDD group had significant lower FA values in the fornix, as well as decreased functional connectivity in four PFC regions. Significant negative correlations were observed between fornix FA values and functional connectivity from hippocampus to PFC within the HC group. There was no significant correlation between the fornix FA and the strength of functional connectivity within the adolescent MDD group. CONCLUSIONS First-episode medication-naïve adolescent MDD showed decreased structural and functional connectivity as well as deficits of the association between structural and functional connectivity shown in HC in the PFC-hippocampus neural circuitry. These findings suggest that abnormal PFC-hippocampus neural circuitry may present in the early onset of MDD and play an important role in the neuropathophysiology of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Geng
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Lingtao Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Miao Chang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yifang Zhou
- Department of Gerontology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Songbai Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States of America
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Corcoba A, Steullet P, Duarte JMN, Van de Looij Y, Monin A, Cuenod M, Gruetter R, Do KQ. Glutathione Deficit Affects the Integrity and Function of the Fimbria/Fornix and Anterior Commissure in Mice: Relevance for Schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 19:pyv110. [PMID: 26433393 PMCID: PMC4815475 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural anomalies of white matter are found in various brain regions of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar and other psychiatric disorders, but the causes at the cellular and molecular levels remain unclear. Oxidative stress and redox dysregulation have been proposed to play a role in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric conditions, but their anatomical and functional consequences are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate white matter throughout the brain in a preclinical model of redox dysregulation. METHODS In a mouse model with impaired glutathione synthesis (Gclm KO), a state-of-the-art multimodal magnetic resonance protocol at high field (14.1 T) was used to assess longitudinally the white matter structure, prefrontal neurochemical profile, and ventricular volume. Electrophysiological recordings in the abnormal white matter tracts identified by diffusion tensor imaging were performed to characterize the functional consequences of fractional anisotropy alterations. RESULTS Structural alterations observed at peri-pubertal age and adulthood in Gclm KO mice were restricted to the anterior commissure and fornix-fimbria. Reduced fractional anisotropy in the anterior commissure (-7.5% ± 1.9, P<.01) and fornix-fimbria (-4.5% ± 1.3, P<.05) were accompanied by reduced conduction velocity in fast-conducting fibers of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure (-14.3% ± 5.1, P<.05) and slow-conducting fibers of the fornix-fimbria (-8.6% ± 2.6, P<.05). Ventricular enlargement was found at peri-puberty (+25% ± 8 P<.05) but not in adult Gclm KO mice. CONCLUSIONS Glutathione deficit in Gclm KO mice affects ventricular size and the integrity of the fornix-fimbria and anterior commissure. This suggests that redox dysregulation could contribute during neurodevelopment to the impaired white matter and ventricle enlargement observed in schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Corcoba
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, and Drs Duarte, Van de Looij, and Gruetter); Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, Drs Steullet, Monin, Cuenod, and Do); Division of Child Growth & Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Van de Looij); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter)
| | - Pascal Steullet
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, and Drs Duarte, Van de Looij, and Gruetter); Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, Drs Steullet, Monin, Cuenod, and Do); Division of Child Growth & Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Van de Looij); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter)
| | - João M N Duarte
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, and Drs Duarte, Van de Looij, and Gruetter); Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, Drs Steullet, Monin, Cuenod, and Do); Division of Child Growth & Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Van de Looij); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter)
| | - Yohan Van de Looij
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, and Drs Duarte, Van de Looij, and Gruetter); Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, Drs Steullet, Monin, Cuenod, and Do); Division of Child Growth & Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Van de Looij); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter)
| | - Aline Monin
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, and Drs Duarte, Van de Looij, and Gruetter); Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, Drs Steullet, Monin, Cuenod, and Do); Division of Child Growth & Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Van de Looij); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter)
| | - Michel Cuenod
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, and Drs Duarte, Van de Looij, and Gruetter); Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, Drs Steullet, Monin, Cuenod, and Do); Division of Child Growth & Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Van de Looij); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter)
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, and Drs Duarte, Van de Looij, and Gruetter); Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, Drs Steullet, Monin, Cuenod, and Do); Division of Child Growth & Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Van de Looij); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter)
| | - Kim Q Do
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, and Drs Duarte, Van de Looij, and Gruetter); Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland (Mr Corcoba, Drs Steullet, Monin, Cuenod, and Do); Division of Child Growth & Development, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Van de Looij); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter); Department of Radiology, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Gruetter).
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Deng Y, Goodrich-Hunsaker NJ, Cabaral M, Amaral DG, Buonocore MH, Harvey D, Kalish K, Carmichael O, Schumann CM, Lee A, Dougherty RF, Perry LM, Wandell BA, Simon TJ. Disrupted fornix integrity in children with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Psychiatry Res 2015; 232:106-14. [PMID: 25748884 PMCID: PMC4404209 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The fornix is the primary subcortical output fiber system of the hippocampal formation. In children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), hippocampal volume reduction has been commonly reported, but few studies as yet have evaluated the integrity of the fornix. Therefore, we investigated the fornix of 45 school-aged children with 22q11.2DS and 38 matched typically developing (TD) children. Probabilistic diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography was used to reconstruct the body of the fornix in each child׳s brain native space. Compared with children, significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher radial diffusivity (RD) was observed bilaterally in the body of the fornix in children with 22q11.2DS. Irregularities were especially prominent in the posterior aspect of the fornix where it emerges from the hippocampus. Smaller volumes of the hippocampal formations were also found in the 22q11.2DS group. The reduced hippocampal volumes were correlated with lower fornix FA and higher fornix RD in the right hemisphere. Our findings provide neuroanatomical evidence of disrupted hippocampal connectivity in children with 22q11.2DS, which may help to further understand the biological basis of spatial impairments, affective regulation, and other factors related to the ultra-high risk for schizophrenia in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Deng
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Naomi J. Goodrich-Hunsaker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Margarita Cabaral
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - David G. Amaral
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Michael H. Buonocore
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Danielle Harvey
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kristopher Kalish
- Graduate Group in Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Graduate Group in Computer Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Schumann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Aaron Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | | | - Lee M. Perry
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian A. Wandell
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tony J. Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA,Address correspondence to Dr Tony J. Simon, MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA. Telephone: (916)-703-0407. Facsimile: (916)-703-0244.
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34
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Melicher T, Horacek J, Hlinka J, Spaniel F, Tintera J, Ibrahim I, Mikolas P, Novak T, Mohr P, Hoschl C. White matter changes in first episode psychosis and their relation to the size of sample studied: a DTI study. Schizophr Res 2015; 162:22-8. [PMID: 25660467 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter abnormality has been recently proposed as a pathophysiological feature of schizophrenia (SZ). However, most of the data available has been gathered from chronic patients, and was therefore possibly confounded by factors such as duration of the disease, and treatment received. The extent and localization of these changes is also not clear. METHODS We examined a population of early stage SZ patients using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). 77 SZ patients and 60 healthy controls (HCs) were included in the analysis using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). We have also analyzed 250 randomly created subsets of the original cohort, to investigate the relation between the result of TBSS analysis, and the size of the sample studied. RESULTS We have found a significant decrease in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the patient group. This change is present in most major white matter (WM) tracts including the corpus callosum, superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, and posterior thalamic radiation. Furthermore, we identified a clear trend towards an increase in the number and spatial extent of significant voxels reported, with an increasing number of subjects included in the analysis. CONCLUSION Our study shows that FA is significantly decreased in patients at an early stage of schizophrenia, and that the extent of this finding is dependent on the size of studied sample; therefore underpowered studies might produce results with false spatial localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Melicher
- Prague Psychiatric Center, Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - J Horacek
- Prague Psychiatric Center, Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Hlinka
- Institute for Computer Science, The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - F Spaniel
- Prague Psychiatric Center, Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Tintera
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - I Ibrahim
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Mikolas
- Prague Psychiatric Center, Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Novak
- Prague Psychiatric Center, Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Mohr
- Prague Psychiatric Center, Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C Hoschl
- Prague Psychiatric Center, Prague, Czech Republic; National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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35
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Salgado-Pineda P, Landin-Romero R, Fakra E, Delaveau P, Amann BL, Blin O. Structural abnormalities in schizophrenia: further evidence on the key role of the anterior cingulate cortex. Neuropsychobiology 2015; 69:52-8. [PMID: 24457222 DOI: 10.1159/000356972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examined whole-brain structural abnormalities in schizophrenia, with a special focus on the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex (ACC, PCC) as this is an understudied issue in schizophrenia. METHOD Whole-brain voxel-based morphometry analyses of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) were performed to detect volumetric differences between 14 patients with schizophrenia and 14 healthy controls matched for age, sex, educational level and parents' educational level. We examined within-group GM and WM correlations and completed the analysis with measurements of sulci in medial cortical areas. RESULTS Compared with the healthy controls, the schizophrenic patients showed significant decreases in GM volumes in the ACC and PCC, and in neighboring WM regions such as the corpus callosum and the fimbriae of the fornix. Moreover, the patient group also displayed a negative correlation between volumes of GM and WM in the ACC. Finally, the patients showed significantly reduced volumes in the right cingulate sulci and left inferior frontal sulci. CONCLUSION Our results replicate typical brain-structural abnormalities with new findings in the medial prefrontal cortex, suggested to be a key region in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Salgado-Pineda
- FIDMAG Hermanas Hospitalarias Research Foundation, Sant Boi de Llobregat and CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
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Douet V, Chang L. Fornix as an imaging marker for episodic memory deficits in healthy aging and in various neurological disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 6:343. [PMID: 25642186 PMCID: PMC4294158 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The fornix is a part of the limbic system and constitutes the major efferent and afferent white matter tracts from the hippocampi. The underdevelopment of or injuries to the fornix are strongly associated with memory deficits. Its role in memory impairments was suggested long ago with cases of surgical forniceal transections. However, recent advances in brain imaging techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging, have revealed that macrostructural and microstructural abnormalities of the fornix correlated highly with declarative and episodic memory performance. This structure appears to provide a robust and early imaging predictor for memory deficits not only in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis, but also in schizophrenia and psychiatric disorders, and during neurodevelopment and “typical” aging. The objective of the manuscript is to present a systematic review regarding published brain imaging research on the fornix, including the development of its tracts, its role in various neurological diseases, and its relationship to neurocognitive performance in human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Douet
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Linda Chang
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI, USA
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Herold CJ, Lässer MM, Schmid LA, Seidl U, Kong L, Fellhauer I, Thomann PA, Essig M, Schröder J. Neuropsychology, autobiographical memory, and hippocampal volume in "younger" and "older" patients with chronic schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2015; 6:53. [PMID: 25954208 PMCID: PMC4404739 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a wide range of studies on neuropsychology in schizophrenia, autobiographical memory (AM) has been scarcely investigated in these patients. Hence, less is known about AM in older patients and hippocampal contribution to autobiographical memories of varying remoteness. Therefore, we investigated hippocampal volume and AM along with important neuropsychological domains in patients with chronic schizophrenia and the respective relationships between these parameters. We compared 25 older patients with chronic schizophrenia to 23 younger patients and an older healthy control group (N = 21) with respect to AM, additional neuropsychological parameters, and hippocampal volume. Personal episodic and semantic memory was investigated using a semi-structured interview. Additional neuropsychological parameters were assessed by using a battery of standard neuropsychological tests. Structural magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed with an automated region-of-interest procedure. While hippocampal volume reduction and neuropsychological impairment were more pronounced in the older than in the younger patients, both groups showed equivalent reduced AM performance for recent personal episodes. In the patient group, significant correlations between left hippocampal volume and recent autobiographical episodes as well as personal semantic memories arose. Verbal memory and working memory were significantly correlated with right hippocampal volume; executive functions, however, were associated with bilateral hippocampal volumes. These findings underline the complexity of AM and its impairments in the course of schizophrenia in comparison to rather progressive neuropsychological deficits and address the importance of hippocampal contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Josefa Herold
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Marc Montgomery Lässer
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Lena Anna Schmid
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Ulrich Seidl
- Center for Mental Health, Klinikum Stuttgart , Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Li Kong
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Iven Fellhauer
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Philipp Arthur Thomann
- Department of General Psychiatry, Center of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Marco Essig
- German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Johannes Schröder
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany ; Institute of Gerontology, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
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Coplan JD, Fulton SL, Reiner W, Jackowski A, Panthangi V, Perera TD, Gorman JM, Huang YY, Tang CY, Hof PR, Kaffman A, Dwork AJ, Mathew SJ, Kaufman J, Mann JJ. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in macaques following early life stress and inverse association with hippocampal volume: preliminary implications for serotonin-related function in mood and anxiety disorders. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:440. [PMID: 25566007 PMCID: PMC4274982 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life stress (ELS) is cited as a risk for mood and anxiety disorders, potentially through altered serotonin neurotransmission. We examined the effects of ELS, utilizing the variable foraging demand (VFD) macaque model, on adolescent monoamine metabolites. We sought to replicate an increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) observed in two previous VFD cohorts. We hypothesized that elevated cisternal 5-HIAA was associated with reduced neurotrophic effects, conceivably due to excessive negative feedback at somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptors. A putatively decreased serotonin neurotransmission would be reflected by reductions in hippocampal volume and white matter (WM) fractional anisotropy (FA). METHODS When infants were 2-6 months of age, bonnet macaque mothers were exposed to VFD. We employed cisternal CSF taps to measure monoamine metabolites in VFD (N = 22) and non-VFD (N = 14) offspring (mean age = 2.61 years). Metabolites were correlated with hippocampal volume obtained by MRI and WM FA by diffusion tensor imaging in young adulthood in 17 males [10 VFD (mean age = 4.57 years)]. RESULTS VFD subjects exhibited increased CSF 5-HIAA compared to non-VFD controls. An inverse correlation between right hippocampal volume and 5-HIAA was noted in VFD- but not controls. CSF HVA and MHPG correlated inversely with hippocampal volume only in VFD. CSF 5-HIAA correlated inversely with FA of the WM tracts of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) only in VFD. CONCLUSIONS Elevated cisternal 5-HIAA in VFD may reflect increased dorsal raphe serotonin, potentially inducing excessive autoreceptor activation, inducing a putative serotonin deficit in terminal fields. Resultant reductions in neurotrophic activity are reflected by smaller right hippocampal volume. Convergent evidence of reduced neurotrophic activity in association with high CSF 5-HIAA in VFD was reflected by reduced FA of the ALIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D. Coplan
- Nonhuman Primate Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New YorkBrooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sasha L. Fulton
- Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew York, NY, USA
| | - Wade Reiner
- College of Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical CenterBrooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Jackowski
- Departamento de Psiquiatria & Neuroradiologia, Universidade Federal de São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Venkatesh Panthangi
- Nonhuman Primate Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New YorkBrooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Tarique D. Perera
- Geriatric Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew York, NY, USA
| | | | - Yung-yu Huang
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew York, NY, USA
| | - Cheuk Y. Tang
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY, USA
| | - Patrick R. Hof
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York, NY, USA
| | - Arie Kaffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew J. Dwork
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjay J. Mathew
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. Debakey VA Medical CenterHouston, TX, USA
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX, USA
| | - Joan Kaufman
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of MedicineNew Haven, CT, USA
| | - J. John Mann
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew York, NY, USA
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Via E, Zalesky A, Sánchez I, Forcano L, Harrison BJ, Pujol J, Fernández-Aranda F, Menchón JM, Soriano-Mas C, Cardoner N, Fornito A. Disruption of brain white matter microstructure in women with anorexia nervosa. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2014; 39:367-75. [PMID: 24913136 PMCID: PMC4214871 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.130135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of anorexia nervosa is still unknown. Multiple and distributed brain regions have been implicated in its pathophysiology, implying a dysfunction of connected neural circuits. Despite these findings, the role of white matter in anorexia nervosa has been rarely assessed. In this study, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to characterize alterations of white matter microstructure in a clinically homogeneous sample of patients with anorexia nervosa. METHODS Women with anorexia nervosa (restricting subtype) and healthy controls underwent brain DTI. We used tract-based spatial statistics to compare fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) maps between the groups. Furthermore, axial (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) measures were extracted from regions showing group differences in either FA or MD. RESULTS We enrolled 19 women with anorexia nervosa and 19 healthy controls in our study. Patients with anorexia nervosa showed significant FA decreases in the parietal part of the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF; p(FWE) < 0.05), with increased MD and RD but no differences in AD. Patients with anorexia nervosa also showed significantly increased MD in the fornix (p(FWE) < 0.05), accompanied by decreased FA and increased RD and AD. LIMITATIONS Limitations include our modest sample size and cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION Our findings support the presence of white matter pathology in patients with anorexia nervosa. Alterations in the SLF and fornix might be relevant to key symptoms of anorexia nervosa, such as body image distortion or impairments in body-energy-balance and reward processes. The differences found in both areas replicate those found in previous DTI studies and support a role for white matter pathology of specific neural circuits in individuals with anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Narcís Cardoner
- Correspondence to: N. Cardoner, Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;
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A diffusion tensor imaging family study of the fornix in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2014; 159:435-40. [PMID: 25315220 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies suggest abnormalities in the white matter microstructure of the fornix in schizophrenia patients. Research evaluating schizophrenia patient and relatives also suggests that the white matter microstructure of the fornix is heritable. However, previous studies have been hindered by limited DTI methodology. Therefore, the goal of this study was to assess whether fornix abnormalities were related to the genetic liability for schizophrenia using the novel methodological approach of assessing multiple metrics of along-tract measurements, in addition to whole-tract means. Twenty-five schizophrenia patients, 24 adult non-psychotic first-degree biological relatives, and 27 community controls underwent neuroimaging. No group differences were found for any of the DTI metrics using the classical whole-tract measures of the fornix. Along-tract analysis detected local increases in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the right fimbria of the fornix for relatives compared to patients and controls corrected for false discovery rate. No significant associations were found between symptoms, global functioning, or IQ and whole-tract FA means in schizophrenia patients or relatives. Increased FA in non-psychotic relatives could represent a compensatory mechanism to guard against psychosis or an abnormality associated with the genetic liability for the disorder. These findings underscore the importance of obtaining along-tract measurements, in addition to whole-tract measurements to fully understand white matter abnormalities in schizophrenia.
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Hatton SN, Lagopoulos J, Hermens DF, Hickie IB, Scott E, Bennett MR. White matter tractography in early psychosis: clinical and neurocognitive associations. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2014; 39:417-27. [PMID: 25111788 PMCID: PMC4214876 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.130280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While many diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) investigations have noted disruptions to white matter integrity in individuals with chronic psychotic disorders, fewer studies have been conducted in young people at the early stages of disease onset. Using whole tract reconstruction techniques, the aim of this study was to identify the white matter pathology associated with the common clinical symptoms and executive function impairments observed in young people with psychosis. METHODS We obtained MRI scans from young people with psychosis and healthy controls. Eighteen major white matter tracts were reconstructed to determine group differences in fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD) and then were subsequently correlated with symptomatology and neurocognitive performance. RESULTS Our study included 42 young people with psychosis (mean age 23 yr) and 45 healthy controls (mean age 25 yr). Compared with the control group, the psychosis group had reduced FA and AD in the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) and forceps major indicative of axonal disorganization, reduction and/or loss. These changes were associated with worse overall psychiatric symptom severity, increases in positive and negative symptoms, and worse current levels of depression. The psychosis group also showed FA reductions in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus that were associated with impaired neurocognitive performance in attention and semantic fluency. LIMITATIONS Our analysis grouped 4 subcategories of psychosis together, and a larger follow-up study comparing affective and nonaffective psychoses is warranted. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that impaired axonal coherence in the left ILF and forceps major underpin psychiatric symptoms in young people in the early stages of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean N. Hatton
- Correspondence to: S.N. Hatton, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, 94 Mallet St., Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia;
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Park JY, Park HJ, Kim DJ, Kim JJ. Positive symptoms and water diffusivity of the prefrontal and temporal cortices in schizophrenia patients: a pilot study. Psychiatry Res 2014; 224:49-57. [PMID: 25106804 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has provided information about microstructural changes in the brain. Most DTI studies have focused on white matter (WM). Few DTI studies have examined the gray matter (GM) in schizophrenia and, to date, there has been no attempt to identify the relationship between water diffusivity and symptom severity in schizophrenia. The present study aimed to examine microstructural deficits in the dorsal prefrontal cortex (DPFC) and temporal cortex in schizophrenia patients using fractional anisotropy (FA) and water diffusivity. This study also explored the relationship between DTI measurements and psychotic symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DTI were used to study 19 schizophrenia patients and 19 healthy controls. Fractional anisotropy, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and regional volumes were measured in the prefrontal cortex and temporal cortex. On DTI measurements, patients showed increased axial and radial diffusivities in the prefrontal cortex and temporal cortex, but they did not demonstrate any difference in fractional anisotropy and regional volumes. Additionally, axial and radial diffusivities were significantly correlated with positive symptom scores in all regions of interest. These results indicate that water diffusivity measurements, including axial and radial diffusivities, can be used to identify microstructural changes in the gray matter in schizophrenia that may be related to symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-720, Korea; Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Jeong Park
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; BK21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Kim
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; BK21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-720, Korea; Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; BK21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Ozcelik-Eroglu E, Ertugrul A, Oguz KK, Has AC, Karahan S, Yazici MK. Effect of clozapine on white matter integrity in patients with schizophrenia: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Psychiatry Res 2014; 223:226-35. [PMID: 25012780 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Several diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have reported disturbed white matter integrity in various brain regions in patients with schizophrenia, whereas only a few studied the effect of antipsychotics on DTI measures. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of clozapine treatment on DTI findings in patients with schizophrenia, and to compare the findings with those in unaffected controls. The study included 16 patients with schizophrenia who were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, a neurocognitive test battery, and DTI at baseline and 12 weeks after the initiation of clozapine treatment. Eight unaffected controls were assessed once with the neurocognitive test battery and DTI. Voxel-wise analysis of DTI data was performed via tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS). Compared with the control group, the patient group exhibited lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in 16 brain regions, including the bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculi, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculi, superior and inferior parietal lobules, cingulate bundles, cerebellum, middle cerebellar peduncles, and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, whereas the patients had higher FA in six regions, including the right parahippocampus, left anterior thalamic radiation, and right posterior limb of the internal capsule before clozapine treatment. After 12 weeks of treatment with clozapine, white matter FA was increased in widespread brain regions. In two of the regions where FA had initially been lower in patients compared with controls (left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus and superior parietal lobule), clozapine appeared to increase FA. An improvement in semantic fluency was correlated with the increase in FA value in the left inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. An increase in FA following 12 weeks of treatment with clozapine suggests that this treatment alters white matter microstructural integrity in patients with schizophrenia previously treated with typical and/or atypical antipsychotics and, in some locations, reverses a previous deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elcin Ozcelik-Eroglu
- Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aygun Ertugrul
- Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Kader Karli Oguz
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; National Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arzu Ceylan Has
- National Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Karahan
- Department of Biostatistics, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mumin Kazim Yazici
- Department of Psychiatry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Fitzsimmons J, Hamoda HM, Swisher T, Terry D, Rosenberger G, Seidman LJ, Goldstein J, Mesholam-Gately R, Petryshen T, Wojcik J, Kikinis R, Kubicki M. Diffusion tensor imaging study of the fornix in first episode schizophrenia and in healthy controls. Schizophr Res 2014; 156:157-60. [PMID: 24837684 PMCID: PMC4080801 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fornix is a compact bundle of white matter fibers that project from the hippocampus to the mamillary bodies and septal nuclei. Its association with memory, as well as with symptoms in schizophrenia, has been reported in chronic schizophrenia. The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not fornix abnormalities are evident at the onset of schizophrenia. METHODS Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and DT tractography were used to evaluate the fornix in 21 patients with first episode schizophrenia (16 males/5 females) and 22 healthy controls (13 males/9 females). Groups were matched on age, gender, parental socioeconomic status, education and handedness. Fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of white matter integrity, radial diffusivity (RD), thought to reflect myelin integrity, trace, a possible marker of atrophy or cell loss, and axial diffusivity (AD), thought to reflect axonal integrity, were averaged over the entire tract extracted by means of DT tractography, and used to investigate fornix abnormalities in first episode schizophrenia compared with healthy controls. RESULTS Significant group differences were found between first episode patients and controls for FA (p=0.0001), RD (p=0.001) and trace (p=0.006). CONCLUSION These findings suggest abnormalities in the fornix in the early stages of schizophrenia, and further suggest that white matter abnormalities, which are apparent in the early course of the disease, may reflect myelin disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fitzsimmons
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - HM Hamoda
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - T Swisher
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - D Terry
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - G Rosenberger
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of General Psychiatry, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - LJ Seidman
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center-Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts, General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - J Goldstein
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center-Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - R Mesholam-Gately
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center-Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - T Petryshen
- Stanley Center of Psychiatry Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA,Psychiatry and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - J Wojcik
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center-Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Public Psychiatry Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - R Kikinis
- Surgical Planning Laboratory, MRI Division, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - M Kubicki
- Surgical Planning Laboratory, MRI Division, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Nir TM, Jahanshad N, Busovaca E, Wendelken L, Nicolas K, Thompson PM, Valcour VG. Mapping white matter integrity in elderly people with HIV. Hum Brain Mapp 2014; 35:975-92. [PMID: 23362139 PMCID: PMC3775847 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
People with HIV are living longer as combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) becomes more widely available. However, even when plasma viral load is reduced to untraceable levels, chronic HIV infection is associated with neurological deficits and brain atrophy beyond that of normal aging. HIV is often marked by cortical and subcortical atrophy, but the integrity of the brain's white matter (WM) pathways also progressively declines. Few studies focus on older cohorts where normal aging may be compounded with HIV infection to influence deficit patterns. In this relatively large diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study, we investigated abnormalities in WM fiber integrity in 56 HIV+ adults with access to cART (mean age: 63.9 ± 3.7 years), compared to 31 matched healthy controls (65.4 ± 2.2 years). Statistical 3D maps revealed the independent effects of HIV diagnosis and age on fractional anisotropy (FA) and diffusivity, but we did not find any evidence for an age by diagnosis interaction in our current sample. Compared to healthy controls, HIV patients showed pervasive FA decreases and diffusivity increases throughout WM. We also assessed neuropsychological (NP) summary z-score associations. In both patients and controls, fiber integrity measures were associated with NP summary scores. The greatest differences were detected in the corpus callosum and in the projection fibers of the corona radiata. These deficits are consistent with published NP deficits and cortical atrophy patterns in elderly people with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia M Nir
- Imaging Genetics Center, Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Department of Neurology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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Holleran L, Ahmed M, Anderson-Schmidt H, McFarland J, Emsell L, Leemans A, Scanlon C, Dockery P, McCarthy P, Barker GJ, McDonald C, Cannon DM. Altered interhemispheric and temporal lobe white matter microstructural organization in severe chronic schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:944-54. [PMID: 24150571 PMCID: PMC3924528 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion MRI investigations in schizophrenia provide evidence of abnormal white matter (WM) microstructural organization as indicated by reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) primarily in interhemispheric, left frontal and temporal WM. Using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), we examined diffusion parameters in a sample of patients with severe chronic schizophrenia. Diffusion MRI data were acquired on 19 patients with chronic severe schizophrenia and 19 age- and gender-matched healthy controls using a 64 gradient direction sequence, (b=1300 s/mm(2)) collected on a Siemens 1.5T MRI scanner. Diagnosis of schizophrenia was determined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders 4th Edition (DSM-IV) Structured Clinical Interview for DSM disorder (SCID). Patients were treatment resistance, having failed to respond to at least two antipsychotic medications, and had prolonged periods of moderate to severe positive or negative symptoms. Analysis of diffusion parameters was carried out using TBSS. Individuals with chronic severe schizophrenia had significantly reduced FA with corresponding increased radial diffusivity in the genu, body, and splenium of the corpus callosum, the right posterior limb of the internal capsule, right external capsule, and the right temporal inferior longitudinal fasciculus. There were no voxels of significantly increased FA in patients compared with controls. A decrease in splenium FA was shown to be related to a longer illness duration. We detected widespread abnormal diffusivity properties in the callosal and temporal lobe WM regions in individuals with severe chronic schizophrenia who have not previously been exposed to clozapine. These deficits can be driven by a number of factors that are indistinguishable using in vivo diffusion-weighted imaging, but may be related to reduced axonal number or packing density, abnormal glial cell arrangement or function, and reduced myelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurena Holleran
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland, Tel: +087 92 13388, Fax: +353 (0)91 494520, E-mail:
| | - Mohamed Ahmed
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Heike Anderson-Schmidt
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - John McFarland
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Louise Emsell
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Department of Radiology, University Hospital of KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander Leemans
- Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cathy Scanlon
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter Dockery
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter McCarthy
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gareth J Barker
- King's College London, Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Colm McDonald
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dara M Cannon
- Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Clinical Science Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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White matter abnormalities in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: preliminary associations with the Nogo-66 receptor gene and symptoms of psychosis. Schizophr Res 2014; 152:117-23. [PMID: 24321711 PMCID: PMC3909835 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study utilized diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to analyze white matter tractography in the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC), fornix, and uncinate fasciculus (UF) of individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome and controls. Aberrations in these tracts have been previously associated with schizophrenia. With up to 25% of individuals with 22q11.2DS developing schizophrenia in adulthood, we hypothesized reduction in structural integrity of these tracts, including an association with prodromal symptoms of psychosis. We further predicted an association between allelic variation in a functional polymorphism of the Nogo-66 receptor gene and 22q11.2DS white matter integrity. METHODS Tractography was conducted using fiber assignment by streamline tracking algorithm in DTI Studio. Subjects were genotyped for the rs701428 SNP of the Nogo-66 receptor gene, and assessed for presence of prodromal symptoms. RESULTS We found significant group differences between 22q11.2DS and controls in DTI metrics for all three tracts. DTI metrics of ALIC and UF were associated with prodromal symptoms in 22q11.2DS. Further, ALIC DTI metrics were associated with allelic variation of the rs701428 SNP of the Nogo-66 receptor gene in 22q11.2DS. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in DTI metrics suggest white matter microstructural anomalies of the ALIC, fornix, and UF in 22q11.2DS. Structural differences in ALIC appear to be associated with the Nogo-66 receptor gene, which has been linked to myelin-mediated axonal growth inhibition. Moreover, the association between psychosis symptoms and ALIC and UF metrics suggests that the Nogo-66 receptor gene may represent a susceptibility gene for psychosis through its disruption of white matter microstructure and myelin-associated axonal growth.
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Xiao F, Chen Q, Yu X, Tang Y, Luo C, Fang J, Liu L, Huang X, Gong Q, Zhou D. Hemispheric lateralization of microstructural white matter abnormalities in children with active benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS): a preliminary DTI study. J Neurol Sci 2013; 336:171-9. [PMID: 24210075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The deficit of white matter is reported to be involved during the disease progression in patients with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS). The aim of this study is to investigate patterns of white matter damage in children with BECTS with left- or right-hemispheric focus by using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and its relationship with the cofactors such duration, seizure frequency and handedness. METHODS Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed in twenty-eight children with BECTS and eighteen healthy controls. The data were analyzed using both tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and region of interest (ROI) analyses. Correlations were investigated between the fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the identified altered regions and clinical features such as age, age of onset and seizure frequency. RESULTS The TBSS analysis revealed that white matter impairment in children with rolandic spikes on the ipsilateral hemisphere was much wider. The FA value was significantly lower in the body of the corpus callosum and forceps minor in BECTS patients with spikes on the ipsilateral hemisphere. The seizure frequency correlated positively with the FA values of body of corpus callosum (CC), bilateral cingulate gyrus and left uncinate fasciculi (UA). CONCLUSION The impaired WM integrity in patients with BECTS was greater in patients with spikes on the dominant hemisphere, possibly due to the greater vulnerability of the left hemisphere and excitotoxic effects of seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglai Xiao
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Luo
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Fang
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, SiChuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Catani M, Dell'acqua F, Thiebaut de Schotten M. A revised limbic system model for memory, emotion and behaviour. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:1724-37. [PMID: 23850593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Emotion, memories and behaviour emerge from the coordinated activities of regions connected by the limbic system. Here, we propose an update of the limbic model based on the seminal work of Papez, Yakovlev and MacLean. In the revised model we identify three distinct but partially overlapping networks: (i) the Hippocampal-diencephalic and parahippocampal-retrosplenial network dedicated to memory and spatial orientation; (ii) The temporo-amygdala-orbitofrontal network for the integration of visceral sensation and emotion with semantic memory and behaviour; (iii) the default-mode network involved in autobiographical memories and introspective self-directed thinking. The three networks share cortical nodes that are emerging as principal hubs in connectomic analysis. This revised network model of the limbic system reconciles recent functional imaging findings with anatomical accounts of clinical disorders commonly associated with limbic pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Catani
- Natbrainlab, Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
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Chen L, Chen X, Liu W, Wang Q, Jiang T, Wang J, Wang X, Zhou B, Tang J. White matter microstructural abnormalities in patients with late-onset schizophrenia identified by a voxel-based diffusion tensor imaging. Psychiatry Res 2013; 212:201-7. [PMID: 23146248 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) has been previously found in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies of white matter in schizophrenic patients. However, there are no reports in the literature that address FA alterations in late-onset schizophrenia (LOS). The current study measured FA in whole white matter and subsequently analyzed its association with psychotic symptoms in LOS. DTI was carried out in 20 patients with LOS and 17 age-, gender- and education-matched healthy subjects. Fractional anisotropy in different areas of white matter was compared between groups using a voxelwise analysis after inter-subject registration to standard Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space. Psychotic symptoms were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Cognitive functions were measured using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the Digit Span Test, and the Trail-making Test. Significant reduction in FA was found in the left parietal lobe and right posterior cingulum in LOS patients compared with healthy subjects. Significant deficits in cognitive functions were observed in LOS. No significant correlation was found between FA value and PANSS scores, cognitive test scores, age, or antipsychotic medication dosages in LOS patients. Our study suggests that abnormalities in white matter integrity may contribute to the pathophysiology of LOS. However, these microstructural abnormalities provided no evidence for the emergence of psychotic symptoms in LOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Chen
- Institute of Mental Health, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
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