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Park J, Chung WS. Astrocyte-dependent circuit remodeling by synapse phagocytosis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 81:102732. [PMID: 37247606 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, synaptic pruning, the removal of unnecessary synaptic contacts, is an essential process for proper circuit maturation in neurodevelopment as well as for synaptic homeostasis in the adult stage. Dysregulation of synaptic pruning can contribute to the initiation and progression of various mental disorders, such as schizophrenia and depression, as well as neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. In the past 15 years, pioneering works have demonstrated that different types of glial cells regulate the number of synapses by selectively eliminating them through phagocytic molecular machinery. Although a majority of findings have been focused on microglia, it is increasingly evident that astrocytes function as a critical player in activity-dependent synapse elimination in developing, adult, and diseased brains. In this review, we will discuss recent findings showing the mechanisms and physiological importance of astrocyte-mediated synapse elimination in controlling synapses and circuit homeostasis. We propose that astrocytes play dominant and non-redundant roles in eliminating synapses during the activity-dependent circuit remodeling processes that do not involve neuro-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungjoo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Suk Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Alemany-Navarro M, Tubío-Fungueiriño M, Diz-de Almeida S, Cruz R, Lombroso A, Real E, Soria V, Bertolín S, Fernández-Prieto M, Alonso P, Menchón JM, Carracedo A, Segalàs C. The genomics of visuospatial neurocognition in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A preliminary GWAS. J Affect Disord 2023; 333:365-376. [PMID: 37094658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) genomics has primarily been tackled by Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which have encountered troubles in identifying replicable single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Endophenotypes have emerged as a promising avenue of study in trying to elucidate the genomic bases of complex traits such as OCD. METHODS We analyzed the association of SNPs across the whole genome with the construction of visuospatial information and executive performance through four neurocognitive variables assessed by the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT) in a sample of 133 OCD probands. Analyses were performed at SNP- and gene-level. RESULTS No SNP reached genome-wide significance, although there was one SNP almost reaching significant association with copy organization (rs60360940; P = 9.98E-08). Suggestive signals were found for the four variables at both SNP- (P < 1E-05) and gene-levels (P < 1E-04). Most of the suggestive signals pointed to genes and genomic regions previously associated with neurological function and neuropsychological traits. LIMITATIONS Our main limitations were the sample size, which was limited to identify associated signals at a genome-wide level, and the composition of the sample, more representative of rather severe OCD cases than a population-based OCD sample with a broad severity spectrum. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that studying neurocognitive variables in GWAS would be more informative on the genetic basis of OCD than the classical case/control GWAS, facilitating the genetic characterization of OCD and its different clinical profiles, the development of individualized treatment approaches, and the improvement of prognosis and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alemany-Navarro
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; IBIS (Universidad de Sevilla, HUVR, Junta de Andalucia, CSIC) Sevilla, Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| | - M Tubío-Fungueiriño
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Genetics Group, GC05, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, U-711, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, (USC), Spain
| | - S Diz-de Almeida
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - R Cruz
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, U-711, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, (USC), Spain
| | - A Lombroso
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - E Real
- Institut d' Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge Campus, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - V Soria
- OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d' Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge Campus, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - S Bertolín
- OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d' Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Fernández-Prieto
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Genetics Group, GC05, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, U-711, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, (USC), Spain
| | - P Alonso
- OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d' Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge Campus, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - J M Menchón
- OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d' Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge Campus, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - A Carracedo
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, U-711, Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, (USC), Spain; Genetics Group, GC05, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, Servicio Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C Segalàs
- OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Psychiatry Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d' Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Bellvitge Campus, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
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Primorac D, Odak L, Perić V, Ćatić J, Šikić J, Radeljić V, Manola Š, Nussbaum R, Vatta M, Aradhya S, Sofrenović T, Matišić V, Molnar V, Skelin A, Mirat J, Brachmann J. Sudden Cardiac Death-A New Insight Into Potentially Fatal Genetic Markers. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:647412. [PMID: 33829027 PMCID: PMC8019733 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.647412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is an unexpected and dramatic event. It draws special attention especially in young, seemingly healthy athletes. Our scientific paper is based on the death of a young, 23-year-old professional footballer, who died on the football field after a two-year history of cardiac symptoms. In this study we analyzed clinical, ECG and laboratory data, as well as results of genetic testing analysis in family members. To elucidate potential genetic etiology of SCD in this family, our analysis included 294 genes related to various cardiac conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Primorac
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.,Eberly College of Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,The Henry C. Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic Sciences, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, United States.,Medical School, University of Split, Split, Croatia.,Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.,Medical School, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,Medical School REGIOMED, Coburg, Germany.,Medical School, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ljubica Odak
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.,Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jasmina Ćatić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Cardiology, Clinical Hospital Dubrava, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jozica Šikić
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Hospital Sveti Duh, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vjekoslav Radeljić
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Šime Manola
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | - Vid Matišić
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vilim Molnar
- St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jure Mirat
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Johannes Brachmann
- Medical School, University of Split, Split, Croatia.,Medical School REGIOMED, Coburg, Germany
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4
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Schizophrenia: Complement Cleaning or Killing. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020259. [PMID: 33670154 PMCID: PMC7916832 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder with a typical onset occurring during adolescence or young adulthood. The heterogeneity of the disorder complicates our understanding of the pathophysiology. Reduced cortical synaptic densities are commonly observed in schizophrenia and suggest a role for excessive synaptic elimination. A major pathway hypothesised to eliminate synapses during postnatal development is the complement system. This review provides an overview of genetic and functional evidence found for the individual players of the classical complement pathway. In addition, the consequences of the absence of complement proteins, in the form of complement protein deficiencies in humans, are taken into consideration. The collective data provide strong evidence for excessive pruning by the classical complement pathway, contributing to cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. In future studies, it will be important to assess the magnitude of the contribution of complement overactivity to the occurrence and prevalence of phenotypic features in schizophrenia. In addition, more insight is required for the exact mechanisms by which the complement system causes excessive pruning, such as the suggested involvement of microglial engulfment and degradation of synapses. Ultimately, this knowledge is a prerequisite for the development of therapeutic interventions for selective groups of schizophrenia patients.
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5
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Roman C, Egert L, Di Benedetto B. Astrocytic-neuronal crosstalk gets jammed: Alternative perspectives on the onset of neuropsychiatric disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 54:5717-5729. [PMID: 32644273 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Investigating interactions of glia cells and synapses during development and in adulthood is the focus of several research programmes which aim at understanding the neurobiology of brain physiological and pathological processes. Both glia-specific released and membrane-bound proteins play essential roles in the development, maintenance and functionality of synaptic connections. Alterations in synaptic contacts in specific brain areas are hallmarks of several brain diseases, such as major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Thus, a deeper knowledge about putative astrocyte dysfunctions which might affect the synaptic compartment is warranted to improve treatment options. Here, we present the latest advances about the role of glia cells in orchestrating the arrangement of synapses and neuronal networks in physiological and pathological states. We specifically focus on the role of astrocytes in the phagocytosis of neuronal synapses as a novel mechanism which drives the refinement of neuronal circuits and might be affected in pathological conditions. Finally, we propose this astrocyte-dependent mechanism as a putative alternative target of pharmacological interventions for the treatment of brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Roman
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Egert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Di Benedetto
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Regensburg Center of Neuroscience, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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6
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Kang K, Sun X, Wang L, Yao X, Tang S, Deng J, Wu X, Yang C, Chen G. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing in China and its role in GWAS discovery and replication. QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40484-020-0209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Genetic variants in the transcription regulatory region of MEGF10 are associated with autism in Chinese Han population. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2292. [PMID: 28536440 PMCID: PMC5442155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02348-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple epidermal growth factor-like-domains 10 (MEGF10), a critical member of the apoptotic engulfment pathway, mediates axon pruning and synapse elimination during brain development. Previous studies indicated that synaptic pruning deficit was associated with autism-related phenotypes. However, the relationship between MEGF10 and autism remains poorly understood. Disease-associated variants are significantly enriched in the transcription regulatory regions. These include the transcription start site (TSS) and its cis-regulatory elements. To investigate the role of MEGF10 variants with putative transcription regulatory function in the etiology of autism, we performed a family-based association study in 410 Chinese Han trios. Our results indicate that three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs4836316, rs2194079 and rs4836317 near the TSS are significantly associated with autism following Bonferroni correction (p = 0.0011, p = 0.0088, and p = 0.0023, respectively). Haplotype T-A-G (rs4836316-rs2194079-rs4836317) was preferentially transmitted from parents to affected offspring (p permutation = 0.0055). Consistently, functional exploration further verified that the risk allele and haplotype might influence its binding with transcription factors, resulting in decreased transcriptional activity of MEGF10. Our findings indicated that the risk alleles and haplotype near the MEGF10 TSS might modulate transcriptional activity and increase the susceptibility to autism.
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8
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Allele-specific expression of mutated in colorectal cancer (MCC) gene and alternative susceptibility to colorectal cancer in schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26688. [PMID: 27226254 PMCID: PMC4880904 DOI: 10.1038/srep26688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has indicated that the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) among schizophrenia is lower than normal. To explore this potential protective effect, we employed an innovative strategy combining association study with allele-specific expression (ASE) analysis in MCC gene. We first genotyped four polymorphisms within MCC in 312 CRC patients, 270 schizophrenia patients and 270 controls. Using the MassArray technique, we performed ASE measurements in a second sample series consisting of 50 sporadic CRC patients, 50 schizophrenia patients and 52 controls. Rs2227947 showed significant differences between schizophrenia cases and controls, and haplotype analysis reported some significant discrepancies among these three subject groups. ASE values of rs2227948 and rs2227947 presented consistently differences between CRC (or schizophrenia) patients and controls. Of the three groups, highest frequencies of ASE in MCC were concordantly found in CRC group, whereas lowest frequencies of ASE were observed in schizophrenia group. Similar trends were confirmed in both haplotype frequencies and ASE frequencies (i.e. CRC > control > schizophrenia). We provide a first indication that MCC might confer alterative genetic susceptibility to CRC in individuals with schizophrenia promising to shed more light on the relationship between schizophrenia and cancer progression.
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9
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Duan J, Shi J, Fiorentino A, Leites C, Chen X, Moy W, Chen J, Alexandrov BS, Usheva A, He D, Freda J, O'Brien NL, McQuillin A, Sanders AR, Gershon ES, DeLisi LE, Bishop AR, Gurling HMD, Pato MT, Levinson DF, Kendler KS, Pato CN, Gejman PV. A rare functional noncoding variant at the GWAS-implicated MIR137/MIR2682 locus might confer risk to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2014; 95:744-53. [PMID: 25434007 PMCID: PMC4259974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified common risk variants in >100 susceptibility loci; however, the contribution of rare variants at these loci remains largely unexplored. One of the strongly associated loci spans MIR137 (miR137) and MIR2682 (miR2682), two microRNA genes important for neuronal function. We sequenced ∼6.9 kb MIR137/MIR2682 and upstream regulatory sequences in 2,610 SZ cases and 2,611 controls of European ancestry. We identified 133 rare variants with minor allele frequency (MAF) <0.5%. The rare variant burden in promoters and enhancers, but not insulators, was associated with SZ (p = 0.021 for MAF < 0.5%, p = 0.003 for MAF < 0.1%). A rare enhancer SNP, 1:g.98515539A>T, presented exclusively in 11 SZ cases (nominal p = 4.8 × 10(-4)). We further identified its risk allele T in 2 of 2,434 additional SZ cases, 11 of 4,339 bipolar (BP) cases, and 3 of 3,572 SZ/BP study controls and 1,688 population controls; yielding combined p values of 0.0007, 0.0013, and 0.0001 for SZ, BP, and SZ/BP, respectively. The risk allele T of 1:g.98515539A>T reduced enhancer activity of its flanking sequence by >50% in human neuroblastoma cells, predicting lower expression of MIR137/MIR2682. Both empirical and computational analyses showed weaker transcription factor (YY1) binding by the risk allele. Chromatin conformation capture (3C) assay further indicated that 1:g.98515539A>T influenced MIR137/MIR2682, but not the nearby DPYD or LOC729987. Our results suggest that rare noncoding risk variants are associated with SZ and BP at MIR137/MIR2682 locus, with risk alleles decreasing MIR137/MIR2682 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubao Duan
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alessia Fiorentino
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Catherine Leites
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Xiangning Chen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Winton Moy
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Jingchun Chen
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Boian S Alexandrov
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - Anny Usheva
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Deli He
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Jessica Freda
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Niamh L O'Brien
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Alan R Sanders
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elliot S Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Lynn E DeLisi
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Brockton, MA 02301, USA
| | - Alan R Bishop
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA
| | - Hugh M D Gurling
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Michele T Pato
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine at USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Douglas F Levinson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Carlos N Pato
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine at USC, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Pablo V Gejman
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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10
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Characterization of the expression and cell-surface localization of transmembrane protein 132A. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 370:23-33. [PMID: 22821197 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 132A (TMEM132A, KIAA1583) was first isolated as a novel gene that is enriched during the embryonic and postnatal stages of rat brain development and interacts with GRP78. However, the biological functions of TMEM132A are scarcely characterized because the protein does not contain any known structural domains. Using a cell-surface biotinylation assay and immunocytochemical staining, we found that TMEM132A is a transmembrane glycoprotein consisting of a large extracellular domain in the N-terminal region and a small cytosolic domain in the C-terminal region. Partial deletions of the intracellular domain of TMEM132A had little effect on its expression level and cell-surface localization in transfected HEK293 cells, whereas deletions of the extracellular domain hampered transport to the cell surface. The expression pattern of each N-terminal mutant was immunocytochemically confirmed in HeLa cells transfected with the same constructs. Treatment with tunicamycin, an inhibitor of protein glycosylation, led to the accumulation of the unglycosylated form of TMEM132A in inverse proportion to the glycosylated form; however, both forms were localized at the cell surface at almost equal rates. In contrast, GRP78 overexpression led to the accumulation of unglycosylated TMEM132A, which was not detected on the cell surface. Inhibition of ER-Golgi transport by treatment with brefeldin A or the overexpression of mutant Sar1 attenuated the amount of cell-surface localized TMEM132A in HEK293 cells. Treatment with reagents disrupting intracellular calcium rapidly down-regulated the amount of TMEM132A protein in Neuro2a cells without affecting the expression level of its mRNA. Taken together, our data show that the novel cell-surface localized glycoprotein, TMEM132A, is regulated by several factors, including GRP78, Sar1, and intracellular calcium, in a post-transcriptional manner.
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11
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Saadat M. Significance of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in genetic association studies. Psychiatry Res 2011; 190:165. [PMID: 21345493 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2011.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Yun L, Gu Y, Hou Y. No association between schizophrenia and rs27388 of the MEGF10 gene in Chinese case-control sample. Psychiatry Res 2011; 186:467-8. [PMID: 20813413 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Boyajyan A, Khoyetsyan A, Chavushyan A. Alternative complement pathway in schizophrenia. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:894-8. [PMID: 20101522 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0126-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated functional activity of the alternative pathway of complement in schizophrenia by measuring the alternative pathway hemolytic activity (AH50) of complement as well as hemolytic activity of the complement C3 component (C3H50) in the blood of patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects. To assess the influence of neuroleptic treatment on measured parameters, both drug-free and medicated patients were examined. In addition, correlation analysis between AH50 and C3H50 has been performed. The results of the present study clearly demonstrate upregulation of the alternative complement cascade in schizophrenia and activator effect of neuroleptics on complement alternative pathway. Based upon the results obtained we hypothesize that hyperactivation of the alternative complement pathway in schizophrenia is stimulated by apoptotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Boyajyan
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, 7 Hasratyan St., 0014, Yerevan, Armenia.
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Chen X, Sun C, Chen Q, O'Neill FA, Walsh D, Fanous AH, Chowdari KV, Nimgaonkar VL, Scott A, Schwab SG, Wildenauer DB, Che R, Tang W, Shi Y, He L, Luo XJ, Su B, Edwards TL, Zhao Z, Kendler KS. Apoptotic engulfment pathway and schizophrenia. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6875. [PMID: 19721717 PMCID: PMC2731162 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apoptosis has been speculated to be involved in schizophrenia. In a previously study, we reported the association of the MEGF10 gene with the disease. In this study, we followed the apoptotic engulfment pathway involving the MEGF10, GULP1, ABCA1 and ABCA7 genes and tested their association with the disease. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Ten, eleven and five SNPs were genotyped in the GULP1, ABCA1 and ABCA7 genes respectively for the ISHDSF and ICCSS samples. In all 3 genes, we observed nominally significant associations. Rs2004888 at GULP1 was significant in both ISHDSF and ICCSS samples (p = 0.0083 and 0.0437 respectively). We sought replication in independent samples for this marker and found highly significant association (p = 0.0003) in 3 Caucasian replication samples. But it was not significant in the 2 Chinese replication samples. In addition, we found a significant 2-marker (rs2242436 * rs3858075) interaction between the ABCA1 and ABCA7 genes in the ISHDSF sample (p = 0.0022) and a 3-marker interaction (rs246896 * rs4522565 * rs3858075) amongst the MEGF10, GULP1 and ABCA1 genes in the ICCSS sample (p = 0.0120). Rs3858075 in the ABCA1 gene was involved in both 2- and 3-marker interactions in the two samples. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE From these data, we concluded that the GULP1 gene and the apoptotic engulfment pathway are involved in schizophrenia in subjects of European ancestry and multiple genes in the pathway may interactively increase the risks to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
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