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Sun H, Yan R, Hua L, Xia Y, Chen Z, Huang Y, Wang X, Xia Q, Yao Z, Lu Q. Abnormal stability of spontaneous neuronal activity as a predictor of diagnosis conversion from major depressive disorder to bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 171:60-68. [PMID: 38244334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bipolar disorder (BD) is often misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder (MDD) in the early stage, which may lead to inappropriate treatment. This study aimed to characterize the alterations of spontaneous neuronal activity in patients with depressive episodes whose diagnosis transferred from MDD to BD. METHODS 532 patients with MDD and 132 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited over 10 years. During the follow-up period, 75 participants with MDD transferred to BD (tBD), and 157 participants remained with the diagnosis of unipolar depression (UD). After excluding participants with poor image quality and excessive head movement, 68 participants with the diagnosis of tBD, 150 participants with the diagnosis of UD, and 130 HCs were finally included in the analysis. The dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dALFF) of spontaneous neuronal activity was evaluated in tBD, UD and HC using functional magnetic resonance imaging at study inclusion. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of the conversion prediction from MDD to BD based on dALFF. RESULTS Compared to HC, tBD exhibited elevated dALFF at left premotor cortex (PMC_L), right lateral temporal cortex (LTC_R) and right early auditory cortex (EAC_R), and UD showed reduced dALFF at PMC_L, left paracentral lobule (PCL_L), bilateral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), right orbital frontal cortex (OFC_R), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC_R), right posterior cingulate cortex (PCC_R) and elevated dALFF at LTC_R. Furthermore, tBD exhibited elevated dALFF at PMC_L, PCL_L, bilateral mPFC, bilateral OFC, DLPFC_R, PCC_R and LTC_R than UD. In addition, ROC analysis based on dALFF in differential areas obtained an area under the curve (AUC) of 72.7%. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated the temporal dynamic abnormalities of tBD and UD in the critical regions of the somatomotor network (SMN), default mode network (DMN), and central executive network (CEN). The differential abnormal patterns of temporal dynamics between the two diseases have the potential to predict the diagnosis transition from MDD to BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 249 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 249 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Lingling Hua
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 249 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yi Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 249 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhilu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 249 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yinghong Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 249 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 249 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qiudong Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 249 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 249 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210096, China.
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Stim JJ, Maresh EL, Van Voorhis AC, Kang SS, Luciana M, Collins P, Sponheim SR, Urošević S. Neural abnormalities of reward processing in adolescents with bipolar disorders: An ERP study. Biol Psychol 2023; 183:108667. [PMID: 37625685 PMCID: PMC10591931 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent onset is common in bipolar disorders (BDs) and is associated with a worse illness course in adulthood. A model of BDs suggests that a dysregulated behavioral approach system (BAS), a neural system that mobilizes reward-seeking behavior, is at the root of BDs. Normative adolescence is often accompanied by dynamic changes to neural structures underlying the BAS and related cognitive processes. It is possible that adolescent-onset BDs is associated with abnormal BAS neurodevelopment. Consistently, the present study is the first to compare specific BAS-relevant anticipatory and consummatory reward processes as indexed by event-related potentials (ERPs) in adolescents with BDs and typically developing peers. Using a sample of 43 adolescents with BDs and 56 without psychopathology, we analyzed N1 and P3 responses to anticipatory cues and feedback-related negativity (FRN) and P3 responses to feedback stimuli during a monetary incentive delay (MID) task. Hierarchical linear models examined relationships between ERP amplitudes and diagnostic group, MID condition, sex, and age. During anticipation phase, adolescent boys with BDs exhibited significantly larger N1 amplitudes in loss than even or gain trials. During feedback phase, compared to their healthy peers, adolescents with BDs had smaller FRN amplitudes across all conditions. Additional effects involving age, sex and trial type were observed. The findings indicate subtle, non-ubiquitous BAS-relevant neural abnormalities involving early attentional processes during reward anticipation and reward learning following feedback in adolescents with BDs. Adolescents with BDs did not show overall hypersensitive neural responses to monetary reward anticipation or feedback observed in adults with BDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Stim
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA.
| | - Erin L Maresh
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, USA
| | | | - Seung Suk Kang
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, USA
| | - Monica Luciana
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA
| | - Paul Collins
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA
| | - Snežana Urošević
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, USA
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Li Y, Zhao W, Peng X. Investigating mechanism of the effect of emotional facial expressions on attentional processing by data clustering approach. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6343. [PMID: 37072466 PMCID: PMC10113223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33197-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the mechanism of the effect of emotional facial expression on attentional process, time course and topographic map of Electroencephalographic activities affected by emotional stimuli were investigated. Emotional Stroop task was used to collect 64-channel event-related potentials (ERP) in nonclinical participants, and data clustering was applied to find significant effect of sad and happy facial expression on ERP. Several significant ERP clusters were found in the sad and happy conditions respectively. In the sad condition, the decreased N170 in the bilateral parietooccipital areas, the increased P3 in the right centroparietal region and the increased negative deflection between 600 and 650 ms in the prefrontal regions were observed, these alterations reflected inhibited perceptual processing of sad facial expression, and increased activations of the orienting network and the executive control network in attentional system, respectively. In the happy condition, increased negative slow wave was found in the left centroparietal region indicating strengthened awareness and readiness for successive trials. Importantly, nonpathological attentional bias to sad facial expression in nonclinical participants was associated with inhibited perceptual processing and increased activations of the orienting and executive control networks. It provides the basis for better understanding and application of attentional bias in psychiatric clinical utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhi Li
- College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital and the 6th Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518052, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaobo Peng
- College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China
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Zhang K, Li Y, Chen X, Xu Y, Zhang C, Wen J, Xu S. Money priming enhances sensitivity to the outcome feedback of decision-making under uncertainty: Evidence from an ERP study. Neuropsychologia 2022; 176:108390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2022.108390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Altered brain activation during reward anticipation in bipolar disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:300. [PMID: 35902559 PMCID: PMC9334601 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although altered reward sensitivity has been observed in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD), the brain function findings related to reward processing remain unexplored and inconsistent. This meta-analysis aimed to identify brain activation alterations underlying reward anticipation in BD. A systematic literature research was conducted to identify fMRI studies of reward-relevant tasks performed by BD individuals. Using Anisotropic Effect Size Signed Differential Mapping, whole-brain and ROI of the ventral striatum (VS) coordinate-based meta-analyses were performed to explore brain regions showing anomalous activation in individuals with BD compared to healthy controls (HC), respectively. A total of 21 studies were identified in the meta-analysis, 15 of which were included in the whole-brain meta-analysis and 17 in the ROI meta-analysis. The whole-brain meta-analysis revealed hypoactivation in the bilateral angular gyrus and right inferior frontal gyrus during reward anticipation in individuals with BD compared to HC. No significant activation differences were observed in bilateral VS between two groups by whole-brain or ROI-based meta-analysis. Individuals with BD type I and individuals with euthymic BD showed altered activation in prefrontal, angular, fusiform, middle occipital gyrus, and striatum. Hypoactivation in the right angular gyrus was positively correlated with the illness duration of BD. The present study reveals the potential neural mechanism underlying impairment in reward anticipation in BD. Some clinical features such as clinical subtype, mood state, and duration of illness confound the underlying neurobiological abnormality reward anticipation in BD. These findings may have implications for identifying clinically relevant biomarkers to guide intervention strategies for BD.
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Yuan H, Zheng T, Chang Y, Luo Y, Chen X. Your happy expressions encourage me to take risks: ERP evidence from an interpersonal gambling game. Biol Psychol 2021; 166:108205. [PMID: 34653548 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the influence of endogenous emotion on decision-making has been widely studied, the effect of interpersonal emotions on risk decision-making is less understood. To address this issue, participants were asked to perform an interpersonal gambling game after perceiving their cooperator's facial emotions. The results found that the cooperator's happy expressions increased individuals' risk-approaching choice compared with angry expressions. Moreover, happy expressions induced larger P300 potentials in the option assessment stage, and diminished the differences between losses and wins in feedback-related FRN/RewP in the outcome valuation stage. Additionally, single-trial analysis found that the neural response induced by interpersonal expressions and feedback could predict participants' subsequent decision-making. These findings suggest that interpersonal emotions shape individuals' risk preference through enhancing in-depth valuation in the option assessment stage and early motivational salience valuation in the outcome valuation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Psychology in Shaanxi Province, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Leiden University Center for Linguistics & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yingchao Chang
- Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Psychology in Shaanxi Province, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yangmei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Psychology in Shaanxi Province, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuhai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Psychology in Shaanxi Province, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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Wang X, Wu H, Huang J, Gao C, Yin Y, Tang X, Peng D. Reward mechanism of depressive episodes in bipolar disorder: Enhanced theta power in feedback-related negativity. J Affect Disord 2021; 292:217-222. [PMID: 34130186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to explore the reward-related neural mechanism in patients with depressive mood in bipolar disorder (BD) using event-related potentials. It remains unknown whether or not different neurobiological markers underlying depression symptoms in BD depression and major depression disorder (MDD). METHODS 24 patients with BD depression and 20 healthy controls were included. Participants underwent evaluation with the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS), followed by the classical gambling paradigm, while undergoing 64-channel electroencephalography. The waveform of feedback-related negativity (FRN) was extracted from the 250-350 ms time-window after participants received feedback regarding loss or gain. Event-related potential datasets were obtained using time-frequency analysis. RESULTS (1) The TEPS scores of the patients were significantly lower than those of the controls [t(42) = 5.16, p < 0.01]. (2) The event of loss elicited a deeper FRN in patients than that in controls [t(42) = 2.19, p < 0.05], while no difference was observed in the event of gains (t(42) = 1.12, p > 0.05). (3) Theta power rooted in FRN in patients was significantly higher in loss than in gain [F(1,42) = 30.32, p < 0.01]. (4) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) illustrated the interaction effect of theta power in gain/loss between two groups [F(1,42) = 3.59, p = 0.06]. LIMITATION Our study did not analyze the effect of different drugs which might affect our results. CONCLUSION The enhanced reflection of negative feedback was consistent with the negative bias, impulse control impairment, and emotional dysregulation observed in the bipolar disorder spectrum. We suggested that the extreme theta power generated from the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC) might be the main component of abnormal FRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chenyang Gao
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiaochen Tang
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Daihui Peng
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
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Electroacupuncture enhances resting-state functional connectivity between dorsal caudate and precuneus and decreases associated leptin levels in overweight/obese subjects. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:445-454. [PMID: 34415492 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) is a safe and effective method for treating obesity. However, how it modulates reward-related brain activity/functional connectivity and gut hormones remains unclear. We employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) to investigate EA induced changes in resting-state activity and RSFC in reward-related regions and its association with gut hormones in overweight/obese subjects who received real (n = 20) and Sham (n = 15) stimulation. Results showed reduced leptin levels was positively correlated with reduced body mass index (BMI) and negatively correlated with increased cognitive-control as measured with Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire (TFEQ). Significant time effects on RSFC between dorsal caudate (DC) and precuneus were due to significant increased RSFC strength in both EA and Sham groups. In addition, increased RSFC of DC-precuneus was negatively correlated with reduced BMI and leptin levels in the EA group. Mediation analysis showed that the relationship between increased DC-precuneus RSFC strength and reduced BMI was mediated by reduced leptin levels. These findings reflect the association between EA-induced brain reward-related RSFC and leptin levels, and decreased leptin levels mediated altered DC-precuneus RSFC strength and consequent weight-loss, suggesting the potential role of EA in reducing weight and appetite.
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Lippard ET, Weber W, Welge J, Adler CM, Fleck DE, Almeida J, DelBello MP, Strakowski SM. Variation in rostral anterior cingulate functional connectivity with amygdala and caudate during first manic episode distinguish bipolar young adults who do not remit following treatment. Bipolar Disord 2021; 23:500-508. [PMID: 33089593 PMCID: PMC8060357 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Altered activity in the ventrolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices, as well as subcortical and amygdala projection sites, was previously reported during a first manic episode in youth with bipolar disorder and observed to be associated with treatment response. To extend these findings, we investigated functional connectivity among these regions in first-episode manic participants who remitted after 8 weeks of treatment compared to those who did not. METHODS Forty-two participants with bipolar disorder (60% female) during their first manic episode were recruited and received 8 weeks of treatment. Twenty-one remitted following treatment. Participants completed fMRI scans, at baseline and following 8 weeks of treatment, while performing a continuous performance task with emotional and neutral distractors. A healthy comparison group (n = 41) received fMRI evaluations at the same intervals. Differences in functional connectivity of the amygdala and caudate with the rostral anterior cingulate and ventrolateral prefrontal cortices at baseline (and changes in functional connectivity following treatment) were modeled between groups. RESULTS At baseline, non-remitters showed an increase in positive connectivity between right anterior cingulate and caudate and a loss of negative connectivity between right anterior cingulate and amygdala, compared to healthy participants. Individuals who remitted following treatment showed an increase in negative connectivity between amygdala and left anterior cingulate 8 weeks following treatment. CONCLUSIONS Results provide evidence of alterations in anterior cingulate amygdala and caudate functional connectivity in bipolar disorder non-remitters during a first manic episode and changes in anterior cingulate functional connectivity associated with remission suggesting targets to predict treatment response. Registered at ClinicalTrials.Gov; Functional and Neurochemical Brain Changes in First-episode Bipolar Mania. NCT00609193. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00609193?term=strakowskirank=1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T.C. Lippard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Institute of Early Life Adversity Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Wade Weber
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey Welge
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience and Center for Imaging Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Caleb M. Adler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience and Center for Imaging Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David E. Fleck
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience and Center for Imaging Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jorge Almeida
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Melissa P. DelBello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience and Center for Imaging Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephen M. Strakowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
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Pisanu C, Congiu D, Severino G, Ardau R, Chillotti C, Del Zompo M, Baune BT, Squassina A. Investigation of genetic loci shared between bipolar disorder and risk-taking propensity: potential implications for pharmacological interventions. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:1680-1692. [PMID: 34035470 PMCID: PMC8280111 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) often show increased risk-taking propensity, which may contribute to poor clinical outcome. While these two phenotypes are genetically correlated, there is scarce knowledge on the shared genetic determinants. Using GWAS datasets on BD (41,917 BD cases and 371,549 controls) and risk-taking (n = 466,571), we dissected shared genetic determinants using conjunctional false discovery rate (conjFDR) and local genetic covariance analysis. We investigated specificity of identified targets using GWAS datasets on schizophrenia (SCZ) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The putative functional role of identified targets was evaluated using different tools and GTEx v. 8. Target druggability was evaluated using DGIdb and enrichment for drug targets with genome for REPositioning drugs (GREP). Among 102 loci shared between BD and risk-taking, 87% showed the same direction of effect. Sixty-two were specifically shared between risk-taking propensity and BD, while the others were also shared between risk-taking propensity and either SCZ or ADHD. By leveraging pleiotropic enrichment, we reported 15 novel and specific loci associated with BD and 22 with risk-taking. Among cross-disorder genes, CACNA1C (a known target of calcium channel blockers) was significantly associated with risk-taking propensity and both BD and SCZ using conjFDR (p = 0.001 for both) as well as local genetic covariance analysis, and predicted to be differentially expressed in the cerebellar hemisphere in an eQTL-informed gene-based analysis (BD, Z = 7.48, p = 3.8E-14; risk-taking: Z = 4.66, p = 1.6E-06). We reported for the first time shared genetic determinants between BD and risk-taking propensity. Further investigation into calcium channel blockers or development of innovative ligands of calcium channels might form the basis for innovative pharmacotherapy in patients with BD with increased risk-taking propensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Donatella Congiu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Severino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Ardau
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caterina Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Del Zompo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology of the University Hospital of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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Liu S, Hu X, Mai X. Social distance modulates outcome processing when comparing abilities with others. Psychophysiology 2021; 58:e13798. [PMID: 33645762 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Social comparison occurs when individuals evaluate themselves in comparison with others. Social distance can influence the effect of social comparison. Using event-related potentials, this study examined how social distance affects the time course of outcome processing when individuals compare themselves with others in terms of ability. Participants were asked to perform a dot estimation task with a friend and a stranger. The results showed the effect of social distance on the N1, feedback-related negativity (FRN), and P300, such that the N1 and P300 were greater for the outcome when pairing with the stranger than when pairing with the friend, whereas the FRN was more negative for the outcome when pairing with the friend than when pairing with the stranger, suggesting that participants allocated more attention resources to the stranger's outcome during the early, automatic (the N1) and later, controlled processing stage (the P300). In addition, the FRN was sensitive to the valence of both self- and other-outcomes, and the FRN valence effect of self-outcome was modulated by friends' outcomes but not by strangers' outcomes, indicating that at the semi-automatic processing stage, closer social distance increases the likelihood of individuals being affected by the comparison targets. These results suggest that when comparing with others in the ability dimension, social distance plays a different role in different stages of outcome processing. At the primary stage of outcome processing, individuals are more likely to compare with close others in the ability dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xinmu Hu
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Mai
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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Koenders M, Dodd A, Karl A, Green M, Elzinga B, Wright K. Understanding bipolar disorder within a biopsychosocial emotion dysregulation framework. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2020.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Whitton AE, Merchant JT, Lewandowski KE. Dissociable mechanisms underpinning effort-cost decision-making across the psychosis spectrum. Schizophr Res 2020; 224:133-140. [PMID: 33046339 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent theoretical models propose that abnormal effort-cost decision-making (ECDM) likely has divergent underpinnings across mood and psychotic disorders. However, whether this same model applies to individuals across the psychosis spectrum, including individuals with affective psychosis, remains unclear. This study aimed to empirically test whether two component processes - working memory and reward learning - contribute to ECDM impairment across the psychosis spectrum. ECDM was assessed using the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task in individuals with psychotic disorders (n = 190) and healthy controls (n = 52). Working memory was assessed using a Digit Sequencing Task and reward learning was assessed using a Probabilistic Reward Task. Relative to the control group, the psychosis group showed reduced willingness to expend effort for higher probability, higher value rewards. This effect was most pronounced in individuals with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder relative to individuals with psychotic bipolar disorder. Across the whole sample, better working memory but not reward learning predicted greater willingness to expend effort for higher probability rewards. However, the link between working memory and ECDM differed as a function of patient symptom profile. Specifically, working memory was only predictive of ECDM for individuals with less severe negative symptoms and minimal depressive symptoms. For individuals with more severe negative symptoms, poorer ECDM was instead predicted by deficits in reward learning. Although these findings reiterate the important link between working memory and ECDM in individuals with psychotic disorders, they also show that this link varies in accordance with the presence of prominent negative and depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis E Whitton
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jaisal T Merchant
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
| | - Kathryn E Lewandowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.
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14
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Chen X, Yuan H, Zheng T, Chang Y, Luo Y. Females Are More Sensitive to Opponent's Emotional Feedback: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:275. [PMID: 30042666 PMCID: PMC6048193 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely believed that females outperformed males in emotional information processing. The present study tested whether the female superiority in emotional information processing exists in a naturalistic social-emotional context, if so, what the temporal dynamics underlies. The behavioral and electrophysiological responses were recorded while participants were performing an interpersonal gambling game with opponents' facial emotions given as feedback. The results yielded that emotional cues modulated the influence of monetary feedback on outcome valuation. Critically, this modulation was more conspicuous in females: opponents' angry expressions increased females' risky tendency and decreased the amplitude of reward positivity (RewP) and feedback P300. These findings indicate that females are more sensitive to emotional expressions in real interpersonal interactions, which is manifested in both early motivational salience detection and late conscious cognitive appraisal stages of feedback processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Psychology in Shaanxi Province, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Psychology in Shaanxi Province, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Psychology in Shaanxi Province, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yingchao Chang
- Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Psychology in Shaanxi Province, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yangmei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Psychology in Shaanxi Province, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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15
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Chen X, Zheng T, Han L, Chang Y, Luo Y. The neural dynamics underlying the interpersonal effects of emotional expression on decision making. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46651. [PMID: 28425491 PMCID: PMC5397974 DOI: 10.1038/srep46651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous studies explore the effects of emotion on decision-making, the existing research has mainly focused on the influence of intrapersonal emotions, leaving the influence of one person’s emotions on another’s decisions underestimated. To specify how interpersonal emotions shape decision-making and delineate the underlying neural dynamics involved, the present study examined brain responses to utilitarian feedback combined with angry or happy faces in competitive and cooperative contexts. Behavioral results showed that participants responded slower following losses than wins when competitors express happiness but responded faster following losses than wins when cooperators express anger. Importantly, angry faces in competitive context reversed the differentiation pattern of feedback-related negativity (FRN) between losses and wins and diminished the difference between losses and wins on both P300 and theta power, but only diminished the difference on FRN between losses and wins in cooperative context. However, when partner displays happiness, losses versus wins elicited larger FRN and theta power in competitive context but smaller P300 in both contexts. These results suggest that interpersonal emotions shape decisions during both automatic motivational salience valuation (FRN) and conscious cognitive appraisal (P300) stages of processing, in which different emotional expressions exert interpersonal influence through different routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Psychology in Shaanxi Province, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.,Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Psychology in Shaanxi Province, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Lingzi Han
- Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Psychology in Shaanxi Province, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Yingchao Chang
- Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Psychology in Shaanxi Province, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Yangmei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Psychology in Shaanxi Province, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
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16
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Ryu V, Ha RY, Lee SJ, Ha K, Cho HS. Behavioral and Electrophysiological Alterations for Reinforcement Learning in Manic and Euthymic Patients with Bipolar Disorder. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:248-256. [PMID: 28098430 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Bipolar disorder is characterized by behavioral changes such as risk-taking and increasing goal-directed activities, which may result from altered reward processing. Patients with bipolar disorder show impaired reward learning in situations that require the integration of reinforced feedback over time. In this study, we examined the behavioral and electrophysiological characteristics of reward learning in manic and euthymic patients with bipolar disorder using a probabilistic reward task. METHODS Twenty-four manic and 20 euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder and 24 healthy control subjects performed the probabilistic reward task. We assessed response bias (RB) as a preference for the stimulus paired with the more frequent reward and feedback-related negativity (FRN) to correct identification of the rich stimulus. RESULTS Both manic and euthymic patients showed significantly lower RB scores in the early learning stage (block 1) in comparison with the late learning stage (block 2 or block 3) of the task, as well as significantly lower RB scores in the early stage compared to healthy subjects. Relatively more negative FRN amplitude is elicited by no presentation of an expected reward, compared to that elicited by presentation of expected feedback. The FRN became significantly more negative from the early (block 1) to the later stages (blocks 2 and 3) in both manic and euthymic patients, but not in healthy subjects. Changes in RB scores and FRN amplitudes between blocks 2 and 3 and block 1 correlated positively in healthy controls, but correlated negatively in manic and euthymic patients. The severity of manic symptoms correlated positively with reward learning scores and negatively with the FRN. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that patients with bipolar disorder during euthymic or manic states have behavioral and electrophysiological alterations in reward learning compared to healthy subjects. This dysfunctional reward processing may be related to the abnormal decision-making or altered goal-directed activities frequently seen in patients with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vin Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ra Yeon Ha
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul Bukbu Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Lee
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyooseob Ha
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sang Cho
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Yang J, Hu X, Li X, Zhang L, Dong Y, Li X, Zhu C, Xie W, Mu J, Yuan S, Chen J, Chen F, Yu F, Wang K. Decreased empathy response to other people's pain in bipolar disorder: evidence from an event-related potential study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39903. [PMID: 28057925 PMCID: PMC5216368 DOI: 10.1038/srep39903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) patients often demonstrate poor socialization that may stem from a lower capacity for empathy. We examined the associated neurophysiological abnormalities by comparing event-related potentials (ERP) between 30 BD patients in different states and 23 healthy controls (HCs, matched for age, sex, and education) during a pain empathy task. Subjects were presented pictures depicting pain or neutral images and asked to judge whether the person shown felt pain (pain task) and to identify the affected side (laterality task) during ERP recording. Amplitude of pain-empathy related P3 (450-550 ms) of patients versus HCs was reduced in painful but not neutral conditions in occipital areas [(mean (95% confidence interval), BD vs. HCs: 4.260 (2.927, 5.594) vs. 6.396 (4.868, 7.924)] only in pain task. Similarly, P3 (550-650 ms) was reduced in central areas [4.305 (3.029, 5.581) vs. 6.611 (5.149, 8.073)]. Current source density in anterior cingulate cortex differed between pain-depicting and neutral conditions in HCs but not patients. Manic severity was negatively correlated with P3 difference waves (pain - neutral) in frontal and central areas (Pearson r = -0.497, P = 0.005; r = -0.377, P = 0.040). Electrophysiological correlates of empathy processing are reduced in BD depending on manic symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyue Yang
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Mental Health Centre, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xinglong Hu
- Anhui Mental Health Centre, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaosi Li
- Anhui Mental Health Centre, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Anhui Mental Health Centre, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Anhui Mental Health Centre, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jingjing Mu
- Anhui Mental Health Centre, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Su Yuan
- Anhui Mental Health Centre, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Anhui Mental Health Centre, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fangfang Chen
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Fengqiong Yu
- Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Laboratory of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Department of Medical Psychology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Mental Health, Hefei, Anhui, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, Anhui, China
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18
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Alloy LB, Olino T, Freed RD, Nusslock R. Role of Reward Sensitivity and Processing in Major Depressive and Bipolar Spectrum Disorders. Behav Ther 2016; 47:600-621. [PMID: 27816074 PMCID: PMC5119651 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since Costello's (1972) seminal Behavior Therapy article on loss of reinforcers or reinforcer effectiveness in depression, the role of reward sensitivity and processing in both depression and bipolar disorder has become a central area of investigation. In this article, we review the evidence for a model of reward sensitivity in mood disorders, with unipolar depression characterized by reward hyposensitivity and bipolar disorders by reward hypersensitivity. We address whether aberrant reward sensitivity and processing are correlates of, mood-independent traits of, vulnerabilities for, and/or predictors of the course of depression and bipolar spectrum disorders, covering evidence from self-report, behavioral, neurophysiological, and neural levels of analysis. We conclude that substantial evidence documents that blunted reward sensitivity and processing are involved in unipolar depression and heightened reward sensitivity and processing are characteristic of hypomania/mania. We further conclude that aberrant reward sensitivity has a trait component, but more research is needed to clearly demonstrate that reward hyposensitivity and hypersensitivity are vulnerabilities for depression and bipolar disorder, respectively. Moreover, additional research is needed to determine whether bipolar depression is similar to unipolar depression and characterized by reward hyposensitivity, or whether like bipolar hypomania/mania, it involves reward hypersensitivity.
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19
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Farr OM, Tsoukas MA, Triantafyllou G, Dincer F, Filippaios A, Ko BJ, Mantzoros CS. Short-term administration of the GLP-1 analog liraglutide decreases circulating leptin and increases GIP levels and these changes are associated with alterations in CNS responses to food cues: A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Metabolism 2016; 65:945-53. [PMID: 27282865 PMCID: PMC4902873 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GLP-1 agonists, including liraglutide, have emerged as effective therapies for type 2 diabetes (DM) and obesity. Here, we attempted to delineate how liraglutide, at doses approved for DM, may impact circulating hormones influencing energy homeostasis in diabetics. BASIC PROCEDURES Using a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial of 20 patients with type 2 diabetes, we examined the effects of liraglutide as compared to placebo on fasting levels of circulating hormones important to energy homeostasis, including leptin, ghrelin, PYY, and GIP. After 17days (0.6mg for 7days, 1.2mg for 7days and 1.8mg for 3days) of treatment, we also studied changes in fMRI responses to food cues. MAIN FINDINGS By design, to avoid any confounding by weight changes, subjects were studied for 17days, i.e. before body weight changed. Participants on liraglutide had significantly increased GLP-1 levels (p<0.001), decreased percent change in leptin levels (p<0.01) and increased GIP levels (p<0.03) in comparison to placebo treated subjects. Whole brain regressions of functional activity in response to food cues reveal that increased GIP levels were associated with deactivation of the attention- and reward-related insula. Decreases in leptin levels were associated with activations in the reward-related midbrain, precuneus, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and sensorimotor-related motor cortex and with deactivations in the attention-related parietal cortex and the cognitive control-related thalamus and pre-SMA. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate herein short-term changes to circulating levels of GIP and leptin in response to GLP-1 agonist liraglutide therapy. These findings suggest that liraglutide may alter the circulating levels of hormones important in energy homeostasis that, in turn, influence CNS perception of food cues. This could possibly lead to compensatory changes in energy homeostasis that could over time limit the efficacy of liraglutide to decrease body weight. These novel findings, which, pointing to the potential advantages of combination therapies, may have therapeutic implications, will need to be confirmed by larger and longer-term trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215.
| | - Michael A Tsoukas
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Georgios Triantafyllou
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Fadime Dincer
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Andreas Filippaios
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Byung-Joon Ko
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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20
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Transdiagnostic Psychiatric Symptoms and Event-Related Potentials following Rewarding and Aversive Outcomes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157084. [PMID: 27299996 PMCID: PMC4907473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a need for a better understanding of transdiagnostic psychiatric symptoms that relate to neurophysiological abnormalities following rewarding and aversive feedback in order to inform development of novel targeted treatments. To address this need, we examined a transdiagnostic sample of 44 adults (mean age: 35.52; 57% female), which consisted of individuals with broadly-defined schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (n = 16), bipolar disorders (n = 10), other mood and anxiety disorders (n = 5), and no history of a psychiatric disorder (n = 13). Participants completed a Pavlovian monetary reward prediction task during 32-channel electroencephalogram recording. We assessed the event-related potentials (ERPs) of feedback-related negativity (FRN), feedback-related positivity (FRP), and the late positive potential (LPP), following better and worse than expected outcomes. Examination of symptom relationships using stepwise regressions across the entire sample revealed that an increase in the clinician-rated Negative Symptoms factor score from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, was related to a decreased LPP amplitude during better than expected (i.e., rewarding) outcomes. We also found that increased self-reported scores on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (Brief-Revised) Disorganized factor related to an increased FRN amplitude during worse than expected (i.e., aversive) outcomes. Across the entire sample, the FRP component amplitudes did not show significant relationships to any of the symptoms examined. Analyses of the three diagnostic groups of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, bipolar disorders, and nonpsychiatric controls did not reveal any statistically significant differences across the ERP amplitudes and conditions. These findings suggest relationships between specific neurophysiological abnormalities following rewarding and aversive outcomes and particular transdiagnostic psychiatric symptoms.
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