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Bojesen KB, Rostrup E, Sigvard AK, Mikkelsen M, Edden RAE, Ebdrup BH, Glenthøj B. The Trajectory of Prefrontal GABA Levels in Initially Antipsychotic-Naïve Patients With Psychosis During 2 Years of Treatment and Associations With Striatal Cerebral Blood Flow and Outcome. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:703-713. [PMID: 38145706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GABAergic (gamma-aminobutyric acidergic) function in the prefrontal cortex seems dysfunctional in patients with first-episode psychosis, but the impact of longer-term treatment and relationship to clinical outcomes and striatal activity are unknown. METHODS A longitudinal study of 39 antipsychotic-naïve and benzodiazepine-free patients with psychosis (22.4 ± 5.4 years, 64% women) and 54 matched healthy control participants (HCs) (22.2 ± 4.3 years, 61% women) who were followed up after 6 weeks (28 patients, 51 HCs), 6 months (17 patients, 47 HCs), and 2 years (21 patients, 43 HCs) was completed. GABA levels in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and striatal resting cerebral blood flow were assessed on a 3T magnetic resonance scanner at all visits. RESULTS GABA levels in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex were significantly lower in patients at baseline and after 6 weeks but not after 6 months or 2 years. Analyses of groups separately revealed decreased GABA levels after 2 years in HCs but stable levels in patients. Treatment increased striatal resting cerebral blood flow after 6 weeks and 6 months but not after 2 years. GABA levels were negatively associated with striatal resting cerebral blood flow in both groups at all visits. Last, lower baseline GABA levels in patients were related to less functional improvement after 2 years. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest a different trajectory of GABA levels and striatal perfusion in first-episode patients over 2 years of antipsychotic treatment compared with HCs and indicate a downregulatory role of prefrontal GABAergic function on the striatum. Moreover, abnormally low prefrontal GABA level at illness onset may be a marker for a more severe prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Borup Bojesen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Korning Sigvard
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Mark Mikkelsen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bjørn Hylsebeck Ebdrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birte Glenthøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Chen Q, Zhong Y, Jin C, Zhou R, Dou X, Yu C, Wang J, Xu H, Tian M, Zhang H. Nuclear psychiatric imaging: the trend of precise diagnosis for mental disorders. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:1002-1006. [PMID: 38085344 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhen Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chentao Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Dou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congcong Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mei Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, 825 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Zhejiang, 310009, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Imaging of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
- College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Kogure M, Kanahara N, Miyazawa A, Shiko Y, Otsuka I, Matsuyama K, Takase M, Kimura M, Kimura H, Ota K, Idemoto K, Tamura M, Oda Y, Yoshida T, Okazaki S, Yamasaki F, Nakata Y, Watanabe Y, Niitsu T, Hishimoto A, Iyo M. Association of SLC6A3 variants with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a genetic association study of dopamine-related genes in schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1334335. [PMID: 38476817 PMCID: PMC10929739 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1334335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Most genetic analyses that have attempted to identify a locus or loci that can distinguish patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) from those who respond to treatment (non-TRS) have failed. However, evidence from multiple studies suggests that patients with schizophrenia who respond well to antipsychotic medication have a higher dopamine (DA) state in brain synaptic clefts whereas patients with TRS do not show enhanced DA synthesis/release pathways. Patients and methods To examine the contribution (if any) of genetics to TRS, we conducted a genetic association analysis of DA-related genes in schizophrenia patients (TRS, n = 435; non-TRS, n = 539) and healthy controls (HC: n = 489). Results The distributions of the genotypes of rs3756450 and the 40-bp variable number tandem repeat on SLC6A3 differed between the TRS and non-TRS groups. Regarding rs3756450, the TRS group showed a significantly higher ratio of the A allele, whereas the non-TRS group predominantly had the G allele. The analysis of the combination of COMT and SLC6A3 yielded a significantly higher ratio of the putative low-DA type (i.e., high COMT activity + high SLC6A3 activity) in the TRS group compared to the two other groups. Patients with the low-DA type accounted for the minority of the non-TRS group and exhibited milder psychopathology. Conclusion The overall results suggest that (i) SLC6A3 could be involved in responsiveness to antipsychotic medication and (ii) genetic variants modulating brain DA levels may be related to the classification of TRS and non-TRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Kogure
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Kanahara
- Division of Medical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Miyazawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Doujin-kai Kisarazu Hospital, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Yuki Shiko
- Biostatistics Section, Clinical Research Center, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ikuo Otsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Douwa-kai Chiba Hospital, Funabashi, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Kimura
- Chiba Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Kameda Medical Center, Kamogawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Gakuji-kai Kimura Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Kiyomitsu Ota
- Doujin-kai Kisarazu Hospital, Kisarazu, Japan
- Choshi-kokoro Clinic, Choshi, Japan
| | - Keita Idemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
- Doujin-kai Kisarazu Hospital, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Masaki Tamura
- Doujin-kai Kisarazu Hospital, Kisarazu, Japan
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Psychology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasunori Oda
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Yamasaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakata
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Tomihisa Niitsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Wengler K, Baker SC, Velikovskaya A, Fogelson A, Girgis RR, Reyes-Madrigal F, Lee S, de la Fuente-Sandoval C, Ojeil N, Horga G. Generalizability and Out-of-Sample Predictive Ability of Associations Between Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Psychosis in Antipsychotic-Free Individuals. JAMA Psychiatry 2024; 81:198-208. [PMID: 37938847 PMCID: PMC10633403 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.4305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Importance The link between psychosis and dopaminergic dysfunction is established, but no generalizable biomarkers with clear potential for clinical adoption exist. Objective To replicate previous findings relating neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI), a proxy measure of dopamine function, to psychosis severity in antipsychotic-free individuals in the psychosis spectrum and to evaluate the out-of-sample predictive ability of NM-MRI for psychosis severity. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study recruited participants from 2019 to 2023 in the New York City area (main samples) and Mexico City area (external validation sample). The main samples consisted of 42 antipsychotic-free patients with schizophrenia, 53 antipsychotic-free individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR), and 52 matched healthy controls. An external validation sample consisted of 16 antipsychotic-naive patients with schizophrenia. Main Outcomes and Measures NM-MRI contrast within a subregion of the substantia nigra previously linked to psychosis severity (a priori psychosis region of interest [ROI]) and psychosis severity measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in schizophrenia and the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS) in CHR. The cross-validated performance of linear support vector regression to predict psychosis severity across schizophrenia and CHR was assessed, and a final trained model was tested on the external validation sample. Results Of the 163 included participants, 76 (46.6%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 29.2 (10.4) years. In the schizophrenia sample, higher PANSS positive total scores correlated with higher mean NM-MRI contrast in the psychosis ROI (t37 = 2.24, P = .03; partial r = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.55). In the CHR sample, no significant association was found between higher SIPS positive total score and NM-MRI contrast in the psychosis ROI (t48 = -0.55, P = .68; partial r = -0.08; 95% CI, -0.36 to 0.23). The 10-fold cross-validated prediction accuracy of psychosis severity was above chance in held-out test data (mean r = 0.305, P = .01; mean root-mean-square error [RMSE] = 1.001, P = .005). External validation prediction accuracy was also above chance (r = 0.422, P = .046; RMSE = 0.882, P = .047). Conclusions and Relevance This study provided a direct ROI-based replication of the in-sample association between NM-MRI contrast and psychosis severity in antipsychotic-free patients with schizophrenia. In turn, it failed to replicate such association in CHR individuals. Most critically, cross-validated machine-learning analyses provided a proof-of-concept demonstration that NM-MRI patterns can be used to predict psychosis severity in new data, suggesting potential for developing clinically useful tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Wengler
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
| | - Seth C. Baker
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
- University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biological Sciences, Buffalo, New York
| | | | | | - Ragy R. Girgis
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
| | - Francisco Reyes-Madrigal
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry & Neuropsychiatry Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry & Neuropsychiatry Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Guillermo Horga
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
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Anhøj S, Ebdrup B, Nielsen MØ, Antonsen P, Glenthøj B, Rostrup E. Functional Connectivity Between Auditory and Medial Temporal Lobe Networks in Antipsychotic-Naïve Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia Predicts the Effects of Dopamine Antagonism on Auditory Verbal Hallucinations. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:308-316. [PMID: 38298804 PMCID: PMC10829637 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding how antipsychotic medication ameliorates auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) through modulation of brain circuitry is pivotal for understanding the pathophysiology of psychosis and for predicting treatment response. Methods This case-control study included examinations at baseline and at follow-up after 6 weeks. Initially, antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode schizophrenia who were experiencing AVHs were recruited together with healthy control participants. Antipsychotic treatment with the relatively selective D2 receptor antagonist amisulpride was administered as monotherapy. Functional connectivity measured by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging between networks of interest was used to study the effects of D2 blockade on brain circuitry and predict clinical treatment response. Hallucinations were rated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Results Thirty-two patients experiencing AVHs and 34 healthy control participants were scanned at baseline. Twenty-two patients and 34 healthy control participants were rescanned at follow-up. Connectivity between the auditory network and the medial temporal lobe network was increased in patients at baseline (p = .002) and normalized within 6 weeks of D2 blockade (p = .018). At baseline, the connectivity between these networks was positively correlated with ratings of hallucinations (t = 2.67, p = .013). Moreover, baseline connectivity between the auditory network and the medial temporal lobe network predicted reduction in hallucinations (t = 2.34, p = .032). Conclusions Functional connectivity between the auditory network and the medial temporal lobe predicted response to initial antipsychotic treatment. These findings demonstrate that connectivity between networks involved in auditory processing, internal monitoring, and memory is associated with the clinical effect of dopamine antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Anhøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Ebdrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Ødegaard Nielsen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick Antonsen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Birte Glenthøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
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Jauhar S, Cowen PJ. Are neurotransmitters passé? A view from the foothills in response to Rose. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7976-7977. [PMID: 37885323 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Jauhar
- Department of Psychological Medicine, IoPPN, King's College, London, UK
| | - Philip J Cowen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
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Nordio G, Easmin R, Giacomel A, Dipasquale O, Martins D, Williams S, Turkheimer F, Howes O, Veronese M, Jauhar S, Rogdaki M, McCutcheon R, Kaar S, Vano L, Rutigliano G, Angelescu I, Borgan F, D’Ambrosio E, Dahoun T, Kim E, Kim S, Bloomfield M, Egerton A, Demjaha A, Bonoldi I, Nosarti C, Maccabe J, McGuire P, Matthews J, Talbot PS. An automatic analysis framework for FDOPA PET neuroimaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1285-1300. [PMID: 37026455 PMCID: PMC10369152 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231168687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study we evaluate the performance of a fully automated analytical framework for FDOPA PET neuroimaging data, and its sensitivity to demographic and experimental variables and processing parameters. An instance of XNAT imaging platform was used to store the King's College London institutional brain FDOPA PET imaging archive, alongside individual demographics and clinical information. By re-engineering the historical Matlab-based scripts for FDOPA PET analysis, a fully automated analysis pipeline for imaging processing and data quantification was implemented in Python and integrated in XNAT. The final data repository includes 892 FDOPA PET scans organized from 23 different studies. We found good reproducibility of the data analysis by the automated pipeline (in the striatum for the Kicer: for the controls ICC = 0.71, for the psychotic patients ICC = 0.88). From the demographic and experimental variables assessed, gender was found to most influence striatal dopamine synthesis capacity (F = 10.7, p < 0.001), with women showing greater dopamine synthesis capacity than men. Our automated analysis pipeline represents a valid resourse for standardised and robust quantification of dopamine synthesis capacity using FDOPA PET data. Combining information from different neuroimaging studies has allowed us to test it comprehensively and to validate its replicability and reproducibility performances on a large sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Nordio
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Rubaida Easmin
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Alessio Giacomel
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ottavia Dipasquale
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Martins
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Steven Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Oliver Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Information Engineering (DEI), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - and the FDOPA PET imaging working group:
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
- Department of Information Engineering (DEI), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Imperial College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- COMPASS Pathways plc, London, UK
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College of London, London, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neurosicences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
- Early Intervention Psychosis Clinical Academic Group, South London & Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sameer Jauhar
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria Rogdaki
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Robert McCutcheon
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Imperial College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stephen Kaar
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences (ICS), Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Luke Vano
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Grazia Rutigliano
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ilinca Angelescu
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Faith Borgan
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- COMPASS Pathways plc, London, UK
| | - Enrico D’Ambrosio
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Psychiatric Neuroscience Group, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Tarik Dahoun
- Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Euitae Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyoung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Micheal Bloomfield
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Alice Egerton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Arsime Demjaha
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Ilaria Bonoldi
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Chiara Nosarti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neurosicences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James Maccabe
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- Early Intervention Psychosis Clinical Academic Group, South London & Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Julian Matthews
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Peter S Talbot
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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8
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Sigvard AK, Bojesen KB, Ambrosen KS, Nielsen MØ, Gjedde A, Tangmose K, Kumakura Y, Edden R, Fuglø D, Jensen LT, Rostrup E, Ebdrup BH, Glenthøj BY. Dopamine Synthesis Capacity and GABA and Glutamate Levels Separate Antipsychotic-Naïve Patients With First-Episode Psychosis From Healthy Control Subjects in a Multimodal Prediction Model. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:500-509. [PMID: 37519478 PMCID: PMC10382695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disturbances in presynaptic dopamine activity and levels of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and glutamate plus glutamine collectively may have a role in the pathophysiology of psychosis, although separately they are poor diagnostic markers. We tested whether these neurotransmitters in combination improve the distinction of antipsychotic-naïve patients with first-episode psychosis from healthy control subjects. Methods We included 23 patients (mean age 22.3 years, 9 male) and 20 control subjects (mean age 22.4 years, 8 male). We determined dopamine metabolism in the nucleus accumbens and striatum from 18F-fluorodopa (18F-FDOPA) positron emission tomography. We measured GABA levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and glutamate plus glutamine levels in the ACC and left thalamus with 3T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We used binominal logistic regression for unimodal prediction when we modeled neurotransmitters individually and for multimodal prediction when we combined the 3 neurotransmitters. We selected the best combination based on Akaike information criterion. Results Individual neurotransmitters failed to predict group. Three triple neurotransmitter combinations significantly predicted group after Benjamini-Hochberg correction. The best model (Akaike information criterion 48.5) carried 93.5% of the cumulative model weight. It reached a classification accuracy of 83.7% (p = .003) and included dopamine synthesis capacity (Ki4p) in the nucleus accumbens (p = .664), GABA levels in the ACC (p = .019), glutamate plus glutamine levels in the thalamus (p = .678), and the interaction term Ki4p × GABA (p = .016). Conclusions Our multimodal approach proved superior classification accuracy, implying that the pathophysiology of patients represents a combination of neurotransmitter disturbances rather than aberrations in a single neurotransmitter. Particularly aberrant interrelations between Ki4p in the nucleus accumbens and GABA values in the ACC appeared to contribute diagnostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K. Sigvard
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Borup Bojesen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen S. Ambrosen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Ødegaard Nielsen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Karen Tangmose
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yoshitaka Kumakura
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Japan
| | - Richard Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- FM. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dan Fuglø
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Thorbjørn Jensen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørn H. Ebdrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birte Yding Glenthøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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Tangmose K, Rostrup E, Bojesen KB, Sigvard A, Glenthøj BY, Nielsen MØ. Clinical response to treatment with a partial dopamine agonist is related to changes in reward processing. Psychiatry Res 2023; 326:115308. [PMID: 37399765 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant neuronal coding of reward processing has been linked to psychosis. It remains unresolved how treatment with a partial dopamine agonist affects reward processing, and whether treatment affects reward processing differently in patients responding and not responding to treatment. Here, 33 antipsychotic-naïve psychosis patients and 33 matched healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging before and after patients received aripiprazole monotherapy for six weeks. Processing of motivational salient events and negative outcome evaluation (NOE) was examined using a monetary incentive delay task. Psychopathology was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and responders were identified by having ≥30% reduction in positive symptoms (N=21). At baseline, patients displayed an increased NOE signal in the caudate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared to healthy controls. In the caudate, the NOE signal was normalized at follow-up, and normalization was driven by responders. In responders only, there was a significant improvement in the motivational salience signal in the caudate at follow-up. Motivational salience and NOE signals in the caudate may be associated with a dopaminergic mechanism in patients characterized as responders which may not be the case in non-responders. Likewise, non-dopaminergic mechanism may underly abnormal NOE processing in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Tangmose
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Borup Bojesen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anne Sigvard
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Birte Y Glenthøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Ødegaard Nielsen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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10
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Bojesen KB, Glenthøj BY, Sigvard AK, Tangmose K, Raghava JM, Ebdrup BH, Rostrup E. Cerebral blood flow in striatum is increased by partial dopamine agonism in initially antipsychotic-naïve patients with psychosis. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1-11. [PMID: 36754993 PMCID: PMC10600821 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723000144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resting cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in striatum and thalamus is increased in medicated patients with psychosis, but whether this is caused by treatment or illness pathology is unclear. Specifically, effects of partial dopamine agonism, sex, and clinical correlates on rCBF are sparsely investigated. We therefore assessed rCBF in antipsychotic-naïve psychosis patients before and after aripiprazole monotherapy and related findings to sex and symptom improvement. METHODS We assessed rCBF with the pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling (PCASL) sequence in 49 first-episode patients (22.6 ± 5.2 years, 58% females) and 50 healthy controls (HCs) (22.3 ± 4.4 years, 63% females) at baseline and in 29 patients and 49 HCs after six weeks. RCBF in striatum and thalamus was estimated with a region-of-interest (ROI) approach. Psychopathology was assessed with the positive and negative syndrome scale. RESULTS Baseline rCBF in striatum and thalamus was not altered in the combined patient group compared with HCs, but female patients had lower striatal rCBF compared with male patients (p = 0.009). Treatment with a partial dopamine agonist increased rCBF significantly in striatum (p = 0.006) in the whole patient group, but not significantly in thalamus. Baseline rCBF in nucleus accumbens was negatively associated with improvement in positive symptoms (p = 0.046), but baseline perfusion in whole striatum and thalamus was not related to treatment outcome. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that striatal perfusion is increased by partial dopamine agonism and decreased in female patients prior to first treatment. This underlines the importance of treatment effects and sex differences when investigating the neurobiology of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Borup Bojesen
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Birte Yding Glenthøj
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Korning Sigvard
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Tangmose
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jayachandra Mitta Raghava
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Hylsebeck Ebdrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Egill Rostrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) & Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
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Gjedde A, Wong DF. Four decades of mapping and quantifying neuroreceptors at work in vivo by positron emission tomography. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:943512. [PMID: 36161158 PMCID: PMC9493011 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.943512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Decryption of brain images is the basis for the necessary translation of the findings from imaging to information required to meet the demands of clinical intervention. Tools of brain imaging, therefore, must satisfy the conditions dictated by the needs for interpretation in terms of diagnosis and prognosis. In addition, the applications must serve as fundamental research tools that enable the understanding of new therapeutic drugs, including compounds as diverse as antipsychotics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, and drugs serving the relief of symptoms from neurochemical disorders as unrelated as multiple sclerosis, stroke, and dementia. Here we review and explain the kinetics of methods that enable researchers to describe the brain’s work and functions. We focus on methods invented by neurokineticists and expanded upon by practitioners during decades of experimental work and on the methods that are particularly useful to predict possible future approaches to the treatment of neurochemical disorders. We provide an overall description of the basic elements of kinetics and the underlying quantification methods, as well as the mathematics of modeling the recorded brain dynamics embedded in the images we obtain in vivo. The complex presentation to follow is necessary to justify the contribution of modeling to the development of methods and to support the specifications dictated by the proposed use in clinical settings. The quantification and kinetic modeling processes are equally essential to image reconstruction and labeling of brain regions of structural or functional interest. The procedures presented here are essential tools of scientific approaches to all conventional and novel forms of brain imaging. The foundations of the kinetic and quantitative methods are keys to the satisfaction of clinicians that actively engage in treating the neurochemical disorders of mammalian brains in the fields of neurology, neurosurgery, and neuropsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Albert Gjedde,
| | - Dean F. Wong
- Department of Radiology, Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neuroscience, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
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13
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Palaniyappan L. Subcortical Origin of Salience Processing Deficits in Schizophrenia. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 3:6-7. [PMID: 36712574 PMCID: PMC9874130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Palaniyappan
- Address correspondence to Lena Palaniyappan, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.P.C.
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