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Kameyama H, Tagai K, Takasaki E, Kashibayashi T, Takahashi R, Kanemoto H, Ishii K, Ikeda M, Shigeta M, Shinagawa S, Kazui H. Examining Frontal Lobe Asymmetry and Its Potential Role in Aggressive Behaviors in Early Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:539-547. [PMID: 38393911 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in patients with dementia lead to caregiver burdens and worsen the patient's prognosis. Although many neuroimaging studies have been conducted, the etiology of NPS remains complex. We hypothesize that brain structural asymmetry could play a role in the appearance of NPS. Objective This study explores the relationship between NPS and brain asymmetry in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods Demographic and MRI data for 121 mild AD cases were extracted from a multicenter Japanese database. Brain asymmetry was assessed by comparing the volumes of gray matter in the left and right brain regions. NPS was evaluated using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Subsequently, a comprehensive assessment of the correlation between brain asymmetry and NPS was conducted. Results Among each NPS, aggressive NPS showed a significant correlation with asymmetry in the frontal lobe, indicative of right-side atrophy (r = 0.235, p = 0.009). This correlation remained statistically significant even after adjustments for multiple comparisons (p < 0.01). Post-hoc analysis further confirmed this association (p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant correlations were found for other NPS subtypes, including affective and apathetic symptoms. Conclusions The study suggests frontal lobe asymmetry, particularly relative atrophy in the right hemisphere, may be linked to aggressive behaviors in early AD. These findings shed light on the neurobiological underpinnings of NPS, contributing to the development of potential interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kameyama
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Tagai
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Takasaki
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kashibayashi
- Dementia-Related Disease Medical Center, Hyogo Prefectural Rehabilitation Hospital at Nishi-Harima, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Takahashi
- Dementia-Related Disease Medical Center, Hyogo Prefectural Rehabilitation Hospital at Nishi-Harima, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hideki Kanemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ishii
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Shigeta
- Department of Psychiatry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroaki Kazui
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
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Mulligan DJ, Palopoli AC, van den Heuvel MI, Thomason ME, Trentacosta CJ. Frontal Alpha Asymmetry in Response to Stressor Moderates the Relation Between Parenting Hassles and Child Externalizing Problems. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:917300. [PMID: 35864992 PMCID: PMC9294442 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.917300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inequitable urban environments are associated with toxic stress and altered neural social stress processing that threatens the development of self-regulation. Some children in these environments struggle with early onset externalizing problems that are associated with a variety of negative long-term outcomes. While previous research has linked parenting daily hassles to child externalizing problems, the role of frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) as a potential modifier of this relationship has scarcely been explored. The present study examined mother-child dyads, most of whom were living in low socioeconomic status households in an urban environment and self-identified as members of racial minority groups. Analyses focused on frustration task electroencephalography (EEG) data from 67 children (mean age = 59.0 months, SD = 2.6). Mothers reported the frequency of their daily parenting hassles and their child's externalizing problems. Frustration task FAA moderated the relationship between parenting daily hassles and child externalizing problems, but resting FAA did not. More specifically, children with left frontal asymmetry had more externalizing problems as their mothers perceived more hassles in their parenting role, but parenting hassles and externalizing problems were not associated among children with right frontal asymmetry. These findings lend support to the motivational direction hypothesis and capability model of FAA. More generally, this study reveals how individual differences in lateralization of cortical activity in response to a stressor may confer differential susceptibility to child behavioral problems with approach motivation (i.e., left frontal asymmetry) predicting externalizing problems under conditions of parental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Mulligan
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ava C. Palopoli
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | - Moriah E. Thomason
- Department of Population Health, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
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Wakeling S, Stukas AA, Wright BJ, Evans L. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK SEEKING AND EXCESSIVE REASSURANCE SEEKING BEHAVIOR AND DEPRESSION: A META-ANALYTIC REVIEW. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2020.39.9.788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Negative feedback seeking and excessive reassurance seeking behaviors in interpersonal relationships have been shown to frequently occur in conjunction with levels of depression. Method: We used meta-analysis to examine 102 studies (134 effects), relating depression with negative feedback seeking (k = 31) and/or excessive reassurance seeking (k = 103). Results: Depression had positive, moderate effect sizes with both negative feedback seeking (r = .26, 95% CI [.21, .32], p < .001, k = 31) and excessive reassurance seeking (r = .33, 95% CI [.31, .36] p < .001, k = 103). Subgroup analysis revealed the effect size for negative feedback seeking was smaller in romantic relationships compared to other relationship types. Effect sizes for excessive reassurance seeking did not differ for romantic and other relationships but were smaller in romantic relationships of a longer duration. Participant gender and symptom severity did not moderate effect sizes. Studies with child and adolescent samples had larger effects for negative feedback seeking and smaller effects for excessive reassurance seeking, relative to adult samples. Discussion: Longer closer relationships may protect against maladaptive interpersonal behaviors in individuals with depression.
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Resting Frontal Eeg Asymmetry and Personality Traits: A Meta–Analysis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Frontal asymmetry has been widely used as a marker of emotion, motivation, and psychopathology. When assessed during the resting state, it is regarded as an index of trait approach and withdrawal motivation. However, the replicability of these associations with personality is currently unclear. The present meta–analysis seeks to provide a comprehensive quantitative review of the relationship between personality traits and resting electroencephalographic (EEG) frontal asymmetry. We distinguished five personality clusters: extraversion, neuroticism, impulsivity, anger, and defensiveness. Data from 79 independent samples with overall 5700 participants were included in the meta–analysis. The results revealed that less than 0.4% of the variance in extraversion and neuroticism could be explained by resting frontal asymmetry. Similarly, a small effect was observed for trait anger, and a small–sized to medium–sized effect was observed for defensiveness, although the number of studies was very low. No significant effect emerged for impulsivity. The effects were further reduced after adjustment for publication bias. Given some evidence for heterogeneity, sub–traits were analysed, and methodological moderators were investigated. Based on the results, we conclude that the validity of resting frontal asymmetry as a marker for personality is not supported. Finally, recommendations are given to increase the replicability of frontal asymmetry research. © 2019 European Association of Personality Psychology
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Grünewald BD, Greimel E, Trinkl M, Bartling J, Großheinrich N, Schulte-Körne G. Resting frontal EEG asymmetry patterns in adolescents with and without major depression. Biol Psychol 2018; 132:212-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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6
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Reznik SJ, Allen JJB. Frontal asymmetry as a mediator and moderator of emotion: An updated review. Psychophysiology 2017; 55. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John J. B. Allen
- Department of Psychology; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona USA
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7
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Boublay N, Schott AM, Krolak-Salmon P. Neuroimaging correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: a review of 20 years of research. Eur J Neurol 2016; 23:1500-9. [PMID: 27435186 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Assessing morphological, perfusion and metabolic brain changes preceding or associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) will help in the understanding of pathophysiological underlying processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review aimed to highlight the main findings on significant associations between neuroimaging and NPSs, the pathophysiology to elucidate possible underlying mechanisms, and methodological issues to aid future research. Research papers published from January 1990 to October 2015 were identified in the databases PsycInfo, Embase, PubMed and Medline, using key words related to NPSs and imaging techniques. In addition to a semi-systematic search in the databases, we also performed hand searches based on reported citations identified to be of interest. Delusions, apathy and depression symptoms were particularly associated with brain changes in AD. The majority of studies disclosed an association between frontal lobe structural and/or metabolic changes and NPSs, implicating, interestingly, for all 12 NPSs studied, the anterior cingulate cortex although temporal, subcortical and parietal regions, and insula were also involved. Given the high degree of connectivity of these brain areas, frontal change correlates of NPSs may help in the understanding of neural network participation. This review also highlights crucial methodological issues that may reduce the heterogeneity of results to enable progress on the pathophysiological mechanisms and aid research on NPS treatments in AD. Based on a broad review of the current literature, a global brain pattern to support the huge heterogeneity of neuroimaging correlates of NPSs in AD and methodological strategies are suggested to help direct future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Boublay
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Lyon, Hospital of Charpennes, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France. .,University of Lyon, Lyon, France. .,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Lyon, France. .,INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon, France.
| | - A M Schott
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pôle Information Médicale Evaluation Recherche, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - P Krolak-Salmon
- Memory Clinical and Research Center of Lyon, Hospital of Charpennes, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, Lyon, France.,Clinical Research Centre CRC - VCF (Vieillissement - Cerveau - Fragilité), Hospital of Charpennes, University Hospital of Lyon, Lyon, France.,INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon, France
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8
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Quinn CR, Rennie CJ, Harris AWF, Kemp AH. The impact of melancholia versus non-melancholia on resting-state, EEG alpha asymmetry: electrophysiological evidence for depression heterogeneity. Psychiatry Res 2014; 215:614-7. [PMID: 24467874 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
While depression has been associated with relatively greater right than left frontal cortical activity - a neurophysiological marker reflecting greater activation of the withdrawal system - contradictory findings have been reported. It was hypothesised that melancholia would be associated with relative right frontal activation, in comparison to non-melancholia and controls. We collected 2-min of resting-state, eyes closed, electroencephalographic activity from a total of 237 participants including 117 patients with major depressive disorder (57 with melancholia, 60 with non-melancholia) and 120 healthy controls. In contrast to hypotheses, patients with non-melancholia displayed relative left frontal activation in comparison to controls and those with melancholia. These findings were associated with a small to moderate effect size (Cohen's d=0.30-0.34). Critically, patients with melancholic subtype did not differ from controls despite increased severity - relative to those with non-melancholia - on clinical measures. These results may reflect an increase in approach tendencies in patients with non-melancholia including reassurance seeking, anger or irritable aggression. Findings highlight the need for further research on the heterogeneity MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice R Quinn
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Chris J Rennie
- School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Brain Dynamics Centre, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Australia
| | - Anthony W F Harris
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia; Brain Dynamics Centre, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Australia
| | - Andrew H Kemp
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia; University of Sydney Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (SCAN) Research and Teaching Unit, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Australia; University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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9
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Terada S, Oshima E, Sato S, Ikeda C, Nagao S, Hayashi S, Hayashibara C, Yokota O, Uchitomi Y. Depressive symptoms and regional cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer's disease. Psychiatry Res 2014; 221:86-91. [PMID: 24296273 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms are common in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and increase the caregiver burden, although the etiology and pathologic mechanism of depressive symptoms in AD patients remain unclear. In this study, we tried to clarify the cerebral blood flow (CBF) correlates of depressive symptoms in AD, excluding the effect of apathy and anxiety. Seventy-nine consecutive patients with AD were recruited from outpatient units of the Memory Clinic of Okayama University Hospital. The level of depressive symptoms was evaluated using the depression domain of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). The patients underwent brain SPECT with 99mTc-ethylcysteinate dimer. After removing the effects of age, anxiety and apathy scores of NPI, and five subscales of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-revised (ACE-R), correlation analysis of NPI depression scores showed a significant cluster of voxels in the left middle frontal gyrus (Brodmann area 9), similar to the areas in the simple correlation analysis. The dorsolateral prefrontal area is significantly involved in the pathogenesis of depressive symptoms in AD, and the area on the left side especially may be closely related to the depressive symptoms revealed by NPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishi Terada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Etsuko Oshima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shuhei Sato
- Department of Radiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Chikako Ikeda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shigeto Nagao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Hayashibara
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokota
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yosuke Uchitomi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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10
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Toronchuk JA, Ellis GFR. Affective neuronal selection: the nature of the primordial emotion systems. Front Psychol 2013; 3:589. [PMID: 23316177 PMCID: PMC3540967 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on studies in affective neuroscience and evolutionary psychiatry, a tentative new proposal is made here as to the nature and identification of primordial emotional systems. Our model stresses phylogenetic origins of emotional systems, which we believe is necessary for a full understanding of the functions of emotions and additionally suggests that emotional organizing systems play a role in sculpting the brain during ontogeny. Nascent emotional systems thus affect cognitive development. A second proposal concerns two additions to the affective systems identified by Panksepp. We suggest there is substantial evidence for a primary emotional organizing program dealing with power, rank, dominance, and subordination which instantiates competitive and territorial behavior and is an evolutionary contributor to self-esteem in humans. A program underlying disgust reactions which originally functioned in ancient vertebrates to protect against infection and toxins is also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Toronchuk
- Department of Psychology, Trinity Western University Langley, BC, Canada ; Department of Biology, Trinity Western University Langley, BC, Canada
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11
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Gatzke-Kopp LM, Jetha MK, Segalowitz SJ. The role of resting frontal EEG asymmetry in psychopathology: afferent or efferent filter? Dev Psychobiol 2012; 56:73-85. [PMID: 23168718 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Resting EEG asymmetry evident early in life is thought to bias affective behaviors and contribute to the development of psychopathology. However, it remains unclear at what stage of information processing this bias occurs. Asymmetry may serve as an afferent filter, modulating emotional reactivity to incoming stimuli; or as an efferent filter, modulating behavioral response tendencies under emotional conditions. This study examines 209 kindergarten children (M = 6.03 years old) to test predictions put forth by the two models. Resting asymmetry was examined in conjunction with electrodermal and cardiac measures of physiological reactivity to four emotion-inducing film clips (fear, sad, happy, anger) and teacher ratings of psychopathology. Results confirm an association between increased right side cortical activation and internalizing symptom severity as well as left activation and externalizing symptom severity. Significant interactions between resting asymmetry and physiological reactivity to emotion indicate that physiological reactivity moderates the association between resting asymmetry and symptoms of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Gatzke-Kopp
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Social Science Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, 110 S. Henderson, University Park, PA, 16802
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12
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Hwang RJ, Wu CH, Chen LF, Yeh TC, Hsieh JC. Female menstrual phases modulate human prefrontal asymmetry: a magnetoencephalographic study. Horm Behav 2009; 55:203-9. [PMID: 19013172 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2008.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Revised: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that the trait/baseline prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity expresses a dynamic plasticity during female menstrual cycle. The shift of asymmetric lateralization of PFC baseline activity pinpoints a possible emotional regulation of negative affection. The current emotional Go/NoGo study aimed to investigate the state PFC responses of different menstrual phases during fear facial stimulation in fourteen healthy women. Our data disclosed that the menstrual cycle was coupled with a shift of asymmetric lateralization of frontal activation across different menstrual phases. Evoked magnetic field activity in the time window 200-300 ms (M1) and 300-450 ms (M2) after stimulus onset demonstrated significant interactions between hemispheric side and menstrual phase. The right hemispheric dominance in periovulatory phase (OV) changed to left hemispheric dominance in menstrual (MC) phase. Significant association between the anxiety score and the left PFC activation was particularly observed in MC phase. Our study revealed a plastic resilience of functional organization of human brain and a dynamic automaticity of inter-hemispheric synergism for possible adaptive regulation under the aversive confrontation in accordance with hormonal fluctuation during the menstrual cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jen Hwang
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Improving the prediction of treatment response in depression: integration of clinical, cognitive, psychophysiological, neuroimaging, and genetic measures. CNS Spectr 2008; 13:1066-86; quiz 1087-8. [PMID: 19179943 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852900017120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antidepressants are important in the treatment of depression, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are first-line pharmacologic options. However, only 50% to 70% of patients respond to first treatment and <40% remit. Since depression is associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and family burden, it is unfortunate and demanding on health resources that patients must remain on their prescribed medications for at least 4 weeks without knowing whether the particular antidepressant will be effective. Studies have suggested a number of predictors of treatment response, including clinical, psychophysiological, neuroimaging, and genetics, each with varying degrees of success and nearly all with poor prognostic sensitivity and specificity. Studies are yet to be conducted that use multiple measures from these different domains to determine whether sensitivity and specificity can be improved to predict individual treatment response. It is proposed that a focus on standardized testing methodologies across multiple testing modalities and their integration will be crucial for translation of research findings into clinical practice.
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Kline JP, Allen S. The failed repressor: EEG asymmetry as a moderator of the relation between defensiveness and depressive symptoms. Int J Psychophysiol 2008; 68:228-34. [PMID: 18372069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the joint effects of defensiveness and frontal asymmetry in predicting symptoms of depression and anxiety. Depression symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and anxiety symptoms with the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS). Defensiveness was assessed with both the Marlowe Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSD) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire L scale (EPQL). Participants completed two EEG recording sessions 3 weeks apart. Six baselines, three eyes open and three eyes closed, were recorded in each session. Alpha power (8-13 Hz) was computed and log transformed. R-L asymmetry was computed at eight pairs of homologous sites for aggregated data. Defensiveness (EPQL and MCSD scores) and depression symptoms (BDI) were assessed at the beginning of the first session. L and MCSD correlated positively with anterior R-L asymmetries. For both scales, the highest correlations were observed at F8-F7. L interacted with F8-F7 asymmetry to predict depressive symptoms. Among left frontally active individuals, there was trend toward a negative correlation between L and BDI. Among the right frontally active individuals, the correlation between L and the BDI was positive. MCSD did not moderate the relation between F8-F7 asymmetry and BDI. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that defensiveness protects against symptoms of depression in the context of left frontal activity, and serves as a diathesis for depression in the context of right frontal activity. High-defensive individuals who are right frontally active may represent "failed repressors," i.e. individuals for whom defensiveness does not protect against depression, and may even exacerbate it.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Kline
- University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688-0002, USA.
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Kline JP, Blackhart GC, Williams WC. Anterior EEG asymmetries and opponent process theory. Int J Psychophysiol 2007; 63:302-7. [PMID: 17289192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Revised: 12/07/2006] [Accepted: 12/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The opponent process theory of emotion [Solomon, R.L., and Corbit, J.D. (1974). An opponent-process theory of motivation: I. Temporal dynamics of affect. Psychological Review, 81, 119-143.] predicts a temporary reversal of emotional valence during the recovery from emotional stimulation. We hypothesized that this affective contrast would be apparent in asymmetrical activity patterns in the frontal lobes, and would be more apparent for left frontally active individuals. The present study tested this prediction by examining EEG asymmetries during and after blocked presentations of aversive pictures selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). 12 neutral images, 12 aversive images, and 24 neutral images were presented in blocks. Participants who were right frontally active at baseline did not show changes in EEG asymmetry while viewing aversive slides or after cessation. Participants left frontally active at baseline, however, exhibited greater relative left frontal activity after aversive stimulation than before stimulation. Asymmetrical activity patterns in the frontal lobes may relate to affect regulatory processes, including contrasting opponent after-reactions to aversive stimuli.
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Smit DJA, Posthuma D, Boomsma DI, De Geus EJC. The relation between frontal EEG asymmetry and the risk for anxiety and depression. Biol Psychol 2007; 74:26-33. [PMID: 16875773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2005] [Revised: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Frontal asymmetry of EEG alpha power (FA) may index the risk for anxiety and depression. Evidence linking FA to the underlying biological mechanisms is scarce. This is unfortunate because FA has potential as a biological marker to support gene finding in anxiety and depression. We examined the heritability of FA in 732 twins and their singleton siblings, and established the genetic and environmental contribution to the relation between FA and the risk for anxiety and depression. Multivariate models showed that FA is heritable only in young adults (males 32% and females 37%) but not in middle-aged adults. A significant relation between FA and the risk for anxiety and depression was only found in young adult females. This relation was explained by shared genes influencing both EEG and disease risk. Future studies on asymmetry of left and right frontal brain activation should carefully consider the effects of sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J A Smit
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit of Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Weinstock LM, Whisman MA. Rumination and Excessive Reassurance-Seeking in Depression: A Cognitive–Interpersonal Integration. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-006-9004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kemp AH, Stephan BCM, Hopkinson P, Sumich AL, Paul RH, Clark CR, Gordon E, Bryant RA, Williams LM. TOWARD AN INTEGRATED PROFILE OF DEPRESSION: EVIDENCE FROM THE BRAIN RESOURCE INTERNATIONAL DATABASE. J Integr Neurosci 2005; 4:95-106. [PMID: 16035143 DOI: 10.1142/s0219635205000665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2005] [Revised: 02/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in adults, yet non-clinical depression in the community may go unnoticed, despite high prevalence rates and significant psychosocial impairment. The aim of the current study was to classify 1,226 individuals from a community sample on the basis of depression scores (using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, DASS) and to determine whether depression in a non-clinical sample differed significantly from healthy controls on a profile of multimodal measures. The data analyzed in this study included personality, emotional intelligence, cognition and psychophysiology. It was predicted that non-clinically depressed participants would differ from healthy controls on measures of personality (increased neuroticism; decreased extraversion), emotional intelligence (decreased), cognition (impairments in executive dysfunction and memory impairment), psychophysiology (increased resting-state, right-frontal activation; diminished skin conductance) after controlling for gender, age, handedness and years of education. Findings provide support for the majority of hypotheses, though no evidence was found for memory impairment or frontal hemispheric asymmetry. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the extent to which of these findings will have utility for the prediction of depression onset and treatment response/non-response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Kemp
- The Brain Dynamics Center, University of Sydney and Westmead Hospital, NSW 2145, Australia.
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Bruder GE, Tenke CE, Warner V, Nomura Y, Grillon C, Hille J, Leite P, Weissman MM. Electroencephalographic measures of regional hemispheric activity in offspring at risk for depressive disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2005; 57:328-35. [PMID: 15705347 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2004] [Revised: 11/03/2004] [Accepted: 11/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroencephalographic (EEG) studies have found abnormal regional hemispheric asymmetries in depressive disorders, which have been hypothesized to be vulnerability markers for depression. In a longitudinal high-risk study, resting EEG was measured in primarily adult offspring of depressed or nondepressed probands. METHODS Electroencephalograms from12 homologous sites over each hemisphere (digitally linked-ears reference) were analyzed in right-handed offspring for whom both parents (n = 18), one parent (n = 40), or neither parent (n = 29) had a major depressive disorder (MDD). RESULTS Offspring with both parents having MDD showed greater alpha asymmetry at medial sites, with relatively less activity (more alpha) over right central and parietal regions, compared with offspring having one or no parent with MDD. Relatively less left frontal activity at lateral sites was associated with lifetime MDD in offspring but not with parental MDD. Offspring with both parents having a MDD also showed markedly greater anterior-to- posterior increase in alpha with eyes closed compared with those with one or no parent with a MDD. CONCLUSIONS Alpha asymmetry indicative of right parietotemporal hypoactivity, previously reported for depressed adolescents and adults, and heightened anterior-to-posterior gradient of alpha are present in high-risk offspring having parents concordant for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard E Bruder
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, USA.
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Allen JJB, Kline JP. Frontal EEG asymmetry, emotion, and psychopathology: the first, and the next 25 years. Biol Psychol 2004; 67:1-5. [PMID: 15130523 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2004.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Asymmetrical electroencephalogram (EEG) alpha activity over anterior regions of the scalp predicts a variety of outcome measures of interest to emotion researchers. This vast and diverse literature is examined from three different viewpoints. First, the organization of this vast literature is contrasted from theoretical and statistical perspectives, and the advantages and disadvantages of each perspective are considered. Second, the correlates of EEG asymmetry are sometimes treated as criterion (dependent) measures and at other times treated as predictor (independent) measures. Differences in the interpretation of each are surveyed, and the need for attention to whether EEG asymmetry is a simple correlate, mediator, or moderator of the associated affective measures is noted. Finally, the studies of EEG asymmetry and emotion that adopt a psychological perspective are contrasted with those that adopt a neurophysiological perspective, and the import of each for theory, experimental design, and analytic strategy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Cacioppo
- Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, 5848 S. University Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Abstract
This commentary provides reflections on the current state of affairs in research on EEG frontal asymmetries associated with affect. Although considerable progress has occurred since the first report on this topic 25 years ago, research on frontal EEG asymmetries associated with affect has largely evolved in the absence of any serious connection with neuroscience research on the structure and function of the primate prefrontal cortex (PFC). Such integration is important as this work progresses since the neuroscience literature can help to understand what the prefrontal cortex is "doing" in affective processing. Data from the neuroscience literature on the heterogeneity of different sectors of the PFC are introduced and more specific hypotheses are offered about what different sectors of the PFC might be doing in affect. A number of methodological issues associated with EEG measures of functional prefrontal asymmetries are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Davidson
- Laboratory for Affective Neuroscience, W.M. Keck Laboratory for Functional Neuroimaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Abstract
Frontal EEG asymmetry appears to serve as (1) an individual difference variable related to emotional responding and emotional disorders, and (2) a state-dependent concomitant of emotional responding. Such findings, highlighted in this review, suggest that frontal EEG asymmetry may serve as both a moderator and a mediator of emotion- and motivation-related constructs. Unequivocal evidence supporting frontal EEG asymmetry as a moderator and/or mediator of emotion is lacking, as insufficient attention has been given to analyzing the frontal EEG asymmetries in terms of moderators and mediators. The present report reviews the frontal EEG asymmetry literature from the framework of moderators and mediators, and overviews data analytic strategies that would support claims of moderation and mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Coan
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0068, USA.
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