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St-Amour S, Cailhol L, Ruocco AC, Bernard P. Could physical exercise be an effective treatment for adults with borderline personality disorder? Psychiatry Res 2021; 295:113625. [PMID: 33302133 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S St-Amour
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Physical activity sciences department, Montreal, QC, Canada; Mental Health University Institute of Montreal Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - L Cailhol
- Mental Health University Institute of Montreal Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - A C Ruocco
- University of Toronto, Department of Psychology (Scarborough), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - P Bernard
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Physical activity sciences department, Montreal, QC, Canada; Mental Health University Institute of Montreal Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Silveira R, Prado RCR, Brietzke C, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Santos TM, Pires FO, Asano RY. Prefrontal cortex asymmetry and psychological responses to exercise: A systematic review. Physiol Behav 2019; 208:112580. [PMID: 31220517 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown a relationship between prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation asymmetry and psychological responses to exercise, so that a higher rest activation in left rather than right PFC has been associated with positive psychological responses to exercise such as an improved affect, anxiety and multidimensional arousal states. PURPOSE To review: 1) evidence that PFC activation asymmetry before exercise is associated with psychological responses to exercise; 2) protocols of PFC asymmetry determination. METHODS A systematic review (SR) was performed on studies retrieved from the PubMed and Web of Science database up to 04-30-2019. Eligibility criteria were: 1) studies investigating participants submitted to aerobic exercises; 2) including cerebral activation measures through electroencephalography (EEG) before the exercise bout; 3) and psychological measures during or after the exercise bout; 4) original studies. RESULTS A number of 1901 studies was retrieved from the databases and 1 study was manually inserted. Thereafter, 1858 studies were excluded during the screening stage so that 30 studies remained for the SR. After full reading, 22 studies were excluded and 8 studies composed the final SR. Methodological assessment revealed that 62.5% of the studies showed a low risk of bias, while 34.37% and 3.12% showed either an unclear or a high risk of bias, respectively. Protocols of PFC activation asymmetry used EEG at F3-F4-P3-P4 (3 studies), F3-F4 (2 studies), F3-F4-T3-T4 (1 study), F3-F4-F7-F8-T5-T6-P3-P4 (1 study) and Fp1-Fp2-Fz-F3-F4-F7-F8-Cz-C3-C4-T3-T4-T5-T6-Pz-P3-P4-Oz-O1-O2 (1 study) positions. Most studies (75%) found a higher left PFC activation associated with a greater affect (n = 2), energetic arousal (n = 2), lower anxiety (n = 2) as well as calmness and tired arousal, simultaneously (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS Although the heterogeneity of PFC asymmetry protocols, reviewed studies showed a low risk of bias, suggesting that a higher left PFC activation is associated with a positive psychological response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Silveira
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Arlindo Béttio Avenue, 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Raul Cosme Ramos Prado
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Arlindo Béttio Avenue, 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cayque Brietzke
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Arlindo Béttio Avenue, 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory, University of Campinas, Érico Veríssimo Avenue, 701, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tony Meireles Santos
- Performance and Health Research Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Prof. Moraes Rego Avenue, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Flávio Oliveira Pires
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Arlindo Béttio Avenue, 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Yukio Asano
- Exercise Psychophysiology Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, Arlindo Béttio Avenue, 1000, Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rahman M, Karwowski W, Fafrowicz M, Hancock PA. Neuroergonomics Applications of Electroencephalography in Physical Activities: A Systematic Review. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:182. [PMID: 31214002 PMCID: PMC6558147 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen increased interest in neuroergonomics, which investigates the brain activities of people engaged in diverse physical and cognitive activities at work and in everyday life. The present work extends upon prior assessments of the state of this art. However, here we narrow our focus specifically to studies that use electroencephalography (EEG) to measure brain activity, correlates, and effects during physical activity. The review uses systematically selected, openly published works derived from a guided search through peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings. Identified studies were then categorized by the type of physical activity and evaluated considering methodological and chronological aspects via statistical and content-based analyses. From the identified works (n = 110), a specific number (n = 38) focused on less mobile muscular activities, while an additional group (n = 22) featured both physical and cognitive tasks. The remainder (n = 50) investigated various physical exercises and sporting activities and thus were here identified as a miscellaneous grouping. Most of the physical activities were isometric exertions, moving parts of upper and lower limbs, or walking and cycling. These primary categories were sub-categorized based on movement patterns, the use of the event-related potentials (ERP) technique, the use of recording methods along with EEG and considering mental effects. Further information on subjects' gender, EEG recording devices, data processing, and artifact correction methods and citations was extracted. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the findings from various studies, statistical analyses were not performed. These were thus included in a descriptive fashion. Finally, contemporary research gaps were pointed out, and future research prospects to address those gaps were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahjabeen Rahman
- Computational Neuroergonomics Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Waldemar Karwowski
- Computational Neuroergonomics Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Magdalena Fafrowicz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroergonomics, Neurobiology Department, The Maloploska Center of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Peter A Hancock
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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Natali L, Handa S, Peterman A, Seidenfeld D, Tembo G. Does money buy happiness? Evidence from an unconditional cash transfer in Zambia. SSM Popul Health 2018; 4:225-235. [PMID: 29854906 PMCID: PMC5976828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between happiness and income has been at the center of a vibrant debate, with both intrinsic and instrumental importance, as emotional states are an important determinant of health and social behavior. We investigate whether a government-run unconditional cash transfer paid directly to women in poor households had an impact on self-reported happiness. The evaluation was designed as a cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Zambia across 90 communities. The program led to a 7.5 to 10 percentage point impact on women's happiness after 36- and 48-months, respectively (or 0.19-0.25 standard deviations over the control group mean). In addition, women have higher overall satisfaction regarding their young children's well-being, including indicators of satisfaction with their children's health and positive outlook on their children's future. Complementary analysis suggests that self-assessed relative poverty (as measured by comparison to other households in the community) is a more important mediator of program effects on happiness than absolute poverty (as measured by household consumption expenditures). Although typically not the focus of such evaluations, impacts on psychosocial indicators, including happiness, should not be discounted as important outcomes, as they capture different, non-material, holistic aspects of an individual's overall level of well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Natali
- Social and Economic Policy Unit, UNICEF Office of Research—Innocenti, Piazza della Santissima Annunziata, 12, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Sudhanshu Handa
- Department of Public Policy and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amber Peterman
- Social and Economic Policy Unit, UNICEF Office of Research—Innocenti, Piazza della Santissima Annunziata, 12, 50121 Florence, Italy
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Schneider M, Schmalbach P, Godkin S. Impact of a personalized versus moderate-intensity exercise prescription: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Med 2016; 40:239-248. [PMID: 27481104 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-016-9776-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Effective approaches to promote adolescent physical activity are needed. Moreover, a one-size-fits-all approach has been minimally successful to date. This randomized controlled trial evaluates a theory-based personalized exercise prescription to enhance motivation for being active and physical activity participation among adolescent reluctant exercisers. Adolescents were characterized by affective style as reluctant (predisposed to negative affect during exercise) or latent (predisposed to positive affect during exercise) exercisers based on their affective response to an acute exercise task, and then randomly assigned to an exercise prescription of either a personalized or a moderate intensity. Assignment was double-blind. Assessments were pre- and post- the 8-week intervention. Participants were an ethnically diverse group of adolescents (19 % non-Latino White) in a public middle-school. The exercise intensity manipulation and assessments took place at the school site during regular Physical Education. Participants were assigned to either a moderate-intensity exercise prescription [target heart rate (HR) range 60-80 % of HR max] or a personalized exercise prescription corresponding to an intensity that "feels good" to the individual for 8 weeks during daily Physical Education. Outcome measures included exercise-related intrinsic motivation (via questionnaire), and daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; via accelerometer). The exercise intensity manipulation did not yield actual differences in exercise intensity during PE, and had no effect on either Intrinsic Motivation or MVPA. There was no significant interaction between affective style and group assignment in predicting Intrinsic Motivation or MVPA. This study did not find support for a link between affective experiences during exercise and physical activity participation. Providing adolescents with a personalized exercise intensity prescription and asking them to follow the prescription during PE was not an effective strategy to manipulate their affective experience of exercise. A more rigorous test of affective manipulation may require supervised exercise sessions during which exercise intensity can be directly observed and controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Schneider
- School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, 258 Social Ecology I, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Priel Schmalbach
- School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, 258 Social Ecology I, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Sophia Godkin
- School of Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, 258 Social Ecology I, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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Bloch F. A transient awakening of a patient with Alzheimer's disease that questions our practice. Clin Case Rep 2016; 4:376-8. [PMID: 27099731 PMCID: PMC4831387 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Improvements are not usually described in the natural history of degenerative dementia. It seems possible to find the normal workings of impaired learning and lost long-term memories that appeared to be permanently altered after severe neurodegeneration and synaptic loss. The activation of these programs seems to represent the basis of the dysfunction, rather than the program itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Bloch
- Department of Gerontology Hôpital Broca (Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris) Paris 75013 France; University Paris Descartes EA 4468-75014 Paris France
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Subramaniapillai M, Goldstein BI, MacIntosh BJ, Korczak DJ, Ou X, Scavone A, Arbour-Nicitopoulos K, Faulkner G. Characterizing exercise-induced feelings after one bout of exercise among adolescents with and without bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:467-473. [PMID: 26551406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise may be a practical, non-pharmacological strategy for symptom and health management for adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD). The purpose of this study was to determine if adolescents with BD experience changes in exercise-induced feelings from one bout of exercise similar to their otherwise healthy peers. METHODS Thirty-two adolescents with BD (Age (SD)=16.91 (1.4)) and 31 healthy adolescents (Age (SD)=15.68 (1.76)) completed the Exercise-Induced Feeling Inventory (EFI) before and after a 20-min bout of moderate intensity exercise (heart rate goal of 60-80% of the age estimated maximum [220 - 0.7*age]) on a cycle ergometer. Repeated-Measures ANCOVA was conducted on the four EFI subscales, controlling for age and BMI. RESULTS There were no significant between-group differences on any subscales. An increase in Physical Exhaustion was of negligible effect size in both groups (BD: d=0.05; CONTROL d=0.16). There was an improvement in Revitalization (BD: d=0.49; CONTROL d=0.61) and a reduction in Tranquility (BD: d=-0.33; CONTROL d=-0.29) post-exercise of moderate and small effect size, respectively. The control group reported an increase in Positive Engagement that was of small-to-medium effect size, (d=0.41) with negligible change in the BD group (d=0.17). Healthy adolescents reported a significantly greater tolerance for high intensity exercise than adolescents with BD. LIMITATIONS Emotions were only assessed at two time points. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents with BD experience similar exercise-induced emotional benefits as their healthy peers. Experimental research is needed to examine the role of exercise as a strategy to regulate mood-related symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin I Goldstein
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Canada
| | - Bradley J MacIntosh
- Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Canada
| | | | - Xiao Ou
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Canada
| | - Antonette Scavone
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Canada
| | | | - Guy Faulkner
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Schneider M, Schmalbach P. Affective Response to Exercise and Preferred Exercise Intensity Among Adolescents. J Phys Act Health 2015; 12:546-52. [PMID: 24770461 PMCID: PMC4333108 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2013-0442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little information exists as to the exercise intensity that adolescents enjoy and whether identifiable subgroups of adolescents will choose higher-intensity exercise. METHODS Healthy adolescents (N = 74; mean age = 11.09 years) completed a cardiorespiratory fitness test, a moderate-intensity exercise task, and an exercise task at an intensity that felt "good." Heart rate (HR), work rate (WR), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed every 3 minutes. RESULTS During the "feels good" task, adolescents exercised at a HR recognized as beneficial for cardiovascular health (mean HR = 66% to 72% of HR at VO2peak). Adolescents who experienced a positive affective shift during the moderate-intensity task engaged in higher-intensity exercise during the feels-good task as compared with those whose affective response to moderate-intensity exercise was neutral or negative (76% of peak HR vs. 70% of peak HR, P < .01).There was no difference between groups in RPE. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents tend to select an exercise intensity associated with fitness benefits when afforded the opportunity to choose an intensity that feels good. An identified subgroup engaged in higher-intensity exercise without a commensurate perception of working harder. Encouraging adolescents to exercise at an intensity that feels good may increase future exercise without sacrificing fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Schneider
- Dept of Planning Policy and Design, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA
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Diener E, Kanazawa S, Suh EM, Oishi S. Why People Are in a Generally Good Mood. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2014; 19:235-56. [PMID: 25253069 DOI: 10.1177/1088868314544467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Evidence shows that people feel mild positive moods when no strong emotional events are occurring, a phenomenon known as positive mood offset. We offer an evolutionary explanation of this characteristic, showing that it improves fertility, fecundity, and health, and abets other characteristics that were critical to reproductive success. We review research showing that positive mood offset is virtually universal in the nations of the world, even among people who live in extremely difficult circumstances. Positive moods increase the likelihood of the types of adaptive behaviors that likely characterized our Paleolithic ancestors, such as creativity, planning, mating, and sociality. Because of the ubiquity and apparent advantages of positive moods, it is a reasonable hypothesis that humans were selected for positivity offset in our evolutionary past. We outline additional evidence that is needed to help confirm that positive mood offset is an evolutionary adaptation in humans and we explore the research questions that the hypothesis generates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed Diener
- The Gallup Organization, Omaha, NE, USA University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
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Schneider M. Process evaluation and proximal impact of an affect-based exercise intervention among adolescents. Transl Behav Med 2014; 4:190-200. [PMID: 24904703 DOI: 10.1007/s13142-013-0249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the implementation and proximal impact of an intervention designed to enhance adolescents' affective experience during Physical Education (PE). Healthy adolescents (N = 74) were randomly assigned to an affect-based or a traditional exercise prescription. Intervention logs, observations and interviews documented the implementation of the intervention. Participants completed a 30-min exercise task at an intensity that felt "good" to them before and after the intervention. Study procedures were implemented successfully and students enjoyed study participation. The intervention had no impact on exercise intensity during PE or during the "feels-good" exercise task. Among adolescents who manifested a negative affective response to moderate-intensity exercise at baseline, the selected intensity during the "feels-good" task increased over time. The intervention may have been too weak to impact behavior over and above a high-quality PE program. The results do suggest, however, that reluctant exercisers may choose to exercise at a higher intensity after experiencing a high-quality PE program in combination with heart rate monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Schneider
- School of Social Ecology, University of California, 258 Social Ecology I, Irvine, CA 92797 USA
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Doppelmayr M, Amesberger G. Zur Anwendung der Elektroenzephalographie in der Sportpsychologie. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SPORTPSYCHOLOGIE 2012. [DOI: 10.1026/1612-5010/a000069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Das Elektroenzephalogramm (EEG) ist ein geeignetes Instrument, um diejenigen bioelektrischen Vorgänge zu untersuchen, die kognitiven Prozessen oder emotionalen Zuständen zugrunde liegen, welche fundamentale Prozesse im Sport darstellen. Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die methodischen Möglichkeiten der Elektroenzephalographie in bewegungs- und sportwissenschaftlichen Studien zu beleuchten, einen Überblick über bisherige Befunde zu geben und die Verwendung des EEGs kritisch zu bewerten. Nach einer einführenden Darstellung der Grundlagen des EEGs und der wichtigsten Analysemöglichkeiten, werden drei Gruppen von Studien diskutiert, die sich mit den EEG Korrelaten 1. grundlegende Aspekte von Bewegung und Bewegungslernen, 2. aufmerksamkeitsspezifische Veränderungen während der Bewegung und 3. affektive Veränderungen im Zusammenhang mit sportlicher Bewegung beschäftigen. Es wird die Relevanz der Elektroenzephalographie aufgezeigt und abschließend auch auf die Limitationen dieses Zuganges eingegangen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Günter Amesberger
- Universität Salzburg Interfakultärer Fachbereich Sport- und Bewegungswissenschaft
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Minniti A, Tyler CJ, Sunderland C. Effects of a cooling collar on affect, ratings of perceived exertion, and running performance in the heat. Eur J Sport Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2010.536577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Baldwin DR, Cannon RL, Fischer SK, Kivisto KC. The Inverse of Psychopathology: A Loreta EEG and Cortisol Examination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10874208.2011.623095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Brümmer V, Schneider S, Strüder H, Askew C. Primary motor cortex activity is elevated with incremental exercise intensity. Neuroscience 2011; 181:150-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Graham DJ, Schneider M, Dickerson SS. Environmental resources moderate the relationship between social support and school sports participation among adolescents: a cross-sectional analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2011; 8:34. [PMID: 21501504 PMCID: PMC3103410 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-8-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 04/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most Americans are not active at recommended levels. Adolescence is a developmental period when physical activity (PA) decreases markedly. Methods This study investigates whether access to environmental PA resources moderates the relationship between psychosocial resources (social support and perceived competence) and PA among 192 adolescents. Results Environmental access to PA resources (determined via GIS-based assessment of the number of gyms, schools, trails, parks and athletic fields within 0.5 miles of each participant's home) moderated the association between social support and PA; among adolescents with high levels of environmental resources, greater social support was associated with students participating in a greater number of sports in school, whereas no such relationship emerged among adolescents with low environmental resources. Conclusions PA-promotion interventions should aim to enhance both social and environmental resources; targeting either one alone may be insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan J Graham
- University of California, Irvine, Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, 4558 Social and Behavioral Sciences, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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