1
|
Lehrer P. Evgeny Vaschillo (April 11, 1945-November 21, 2020). Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2022; 47:255-257. [PMID: 35731455 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-022-09552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lehrer
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bates ME, Price JL, Leganes-Fonteneau M, Muzumdar N, Piersol K, Frazier I, Buckman JF. The Process of Heart Rate Variability, Resonance at 0.1 hz, and the Three Baroreflex Loops: A Tribute to Evgeny Vaschillo. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2022; 47:327-340. [PMID: 35536496 PMCID: PMC9088144 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-022-09544-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marsha E. Bates
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Julianne L. Price
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Mateo Leganes-Fonteneau
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Neel Muzumdar
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Kelsey Piersol
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Ian Frazier
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| | - Jennifer F. Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology & Health, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
- Center of Alcohol & Substance Use Studies, Rutgers University—New Brunswick, 08854 Piscataway, NJ United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Evaluation of Heart Rate Variability and Application of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback: Toward Further Research on Slow-Paced Abdominal Breathing in Zen Meditation. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2022; 47:345-356. [PMID: 35579767 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-022-09546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes my own involvement in heart rate variability (HRV) and HRV biofeedback studies, as a tribute to the late Dr. Evgeny Vaschillo. I first review psychophysiological studies on behavioral stress and relaxation performed in my laboratory using an assessment of cardiac parasympathetic activity. Although magnitude of high-frequency (HF) component of HRV corresponding respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is widely used as an index of cardiac parasympathetic function, a respiratory confound during stress or relaxation may have interfered with the proper assessment of the HF HRV. An enhanced method under frequency-controlled respiration at 0.25 Hz provided a reliable assessment of cardiac parasympathetic activity. I then review findings from HRV biofeedback research in my laboratory. Based on the hypothesis that RSA measured as an HF component of HRV represents cardiorespiratory resting function, it was demonstrated that HRV biofeedback before sleep enhanced the magnitude of HF HRV during sleep, a cardiorespiratory resting function. Moreover, by focusing on the spectral peak of the low-frequency (LF) component of HRV, paced breathing at the LF-peak frequency was shown to increase baroreflex sensitivity. Finally, I describe the potential of slow-paced abdominal breathing (i.e., Tanden breathing) performed in Zen meditation. The concept of Tanden breathing as described in a regimen from early modern Japan is introduced, and recent research findings on slow-paced abdominal breathing are summarized. Future research directions of slow-paced abdominal breathing are also discussed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
This paper reviews the published work of me along with my students and close colleagues on the topic of heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB). It includes early research by Vaschillo documenting resonance characteristics of the baroreflex system that causes large oscillations in heart rate when breathing at resonance frequency, research on heart rate variability as a marker of parasympathetic stress response in asthma, and HRVB as a treatment for asthma and depression. Many questions about HRVB remain unresolved, and important questions for future research are listed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lehrer
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Autonomic nerve activity and cardiovascular changes during discrete seizures in rats. Auton Neurosci 2022; 240:102971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2022.102971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
6
|
Abstract
Breathing is a critical, complex, and highly integrated behavior. Normal rhythmic breathing, also referred to as eupnea, is interspersed with different breathing related behaviors. Sighing is one of such behaviors, essential for maintaining effective gas exchange by preventing the gradual collapse of alveoli in the lungs, known as atelectasis. Critical for the generation of both sighing and eupneic breathing is a region of the medulla known as the preBötzinger Complex (preBötC). Efforts are underway to identify the cellular pathways that link sighing as well as sneezing, yawning, and hiccupping with other brain regions to better understand how they are integrated and regulated in the context of other behaviors including chemosensation, olfaction, and cognition. Unraveling these interactions may provide important insights into the diverse roles of these behaviors in the initiation of arousal, stimulation of vigilance, and the relay of certain behavioral states. This chapter focuses primarily on the function of the sigh, how it is locally generated within the preBötC, and what the functional implications are for a potential link between sighing and cognitive regulation. Furthermore, we discuss recent insights gained into the pathways and mechanisms that control yawning, sneezing, and hiccupping.
Collapse
|
7
|
Heiss S, Vaschillo B, Vaschillo EG, Timko CA, Hormes JM. Heart rate variability as a biobehavioral marker of diverse psychopathologies: A review and argument for an "ideal range". Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 121:144-155. [PMID: 33309905 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV), a measure of the variability in intervals between subsequent heart beats, is now widely considered an index of emotion regulatory capacity and the ability to adapt flexibly to changing environmental demands. Abnormalities in HRV are implicated in a host of psychopathologies, making it a potentially powerful transdiagnostic biobehavioral change mechanism in treatment interventions. While most mental illnesses are associated with low HRV, eating disorders have been linked to elevated HRV. We examined 62 research articles on HRV in psychopathology to test the hypothesis that there is an "ideal range" of HRV that predicts optimal functioning. Relationships between symptom severity and parameters that quantify HRV were examined graphically. More extreme time-domain HRV measures, both high and low, were associated with psychopathology, whereas healthy controls displayed mid-range values. Findings preliminarily support the hypothesis that there is an "ideal range" of HRV that could be targeted in biofeedback interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Heiss
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, USA.
| | - Bronya Vaschillo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Evgeny G Vaschillo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - C Alix Timko
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
| | - Julia M Hormes
- Department of Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guyon AJAA, Cannavò R, Studer RK, Hildebrandt H, Danuser B, Vlemincx E, Gomez P. Respiratory Variability, Sighing, Anxiety, and Breathing Symptoms in Low- and High-Anxious Music Students Before and After Performing. Front Psychol 2020; 11:303. [PMID: 32174869 PMCID: PMC7054282 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Music performance anxiety (MPA) is a major problem for music students. It is largely unknown whether music students who experience high or low anxiety differ in their respiratory responses to performance situations and whether these co-vary with self-reported anxiety, tension, and breathing symptoms. Affective processes influence dynamic respiratory regulation in ways that are reflected in measures of respiratory variability and sighing. This study had two goals. First, we determined how measures of respiratory variability, sighing, self-reported anxiety, tension, and breathing symptoms vary as a function of the performance situation (practice vs. public performance), performance phase (pre-performance vs. post-performance), and the general MPA level of music students. Second, we analyzed to what extent self-reported anxiety, tension, and breathing symptoms co-vary with the respiratory responses. The participants were 65 university music students. We assessed their anxiety, tension, and breathing symptoms with Likert scales and recorded their respiration with the LifeShirt system during a practice performance and a public performance. For the 10-min periods before and after each performance, we computed number of sighs, coefficients of variation (CVs, a measure of total variability), autocorrelations at one breath lag (ARs(1), a measure of non-random variability) and means of minute ventilation (V’E), tidal volume (VT), inspiration time (TI), and expiration time (TE). CVs and sighing were greater whereas AR(1) of V’E was lower in the public session than in the practice session. The effect of the performance situation on CVs and sighing was larger for high-MPA than for low-MPA participants. Higher MPA levels were associated with lower CVs. At the within-individual level, anxiety, tension, and breathing symptoms were associated with deeper and slower breathing, greater CVs, lower AR(1) of V’E, and more sighing. We conclude that respiratory variability and sighing are sensitive to the performance situation and to musicians’ general MPA level. Moreover, anxiety, tension, breathing symptoms, and respiratory responses co-vary significantly in the context of music performance situations. Respiratory monitoring can add an important dimension to the understanding of music performance situations and MPA and to the diagnostic and intervention outcome assessments of MPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amélie J A A Guyon
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosamaria Cannavò
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Regina K Studer
- School of Applied Psychology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Olten, Switzerland
| | - Horst Hildebrandt
- Swiss University Centre for Music Physiology, Basel and Zurich Universities of the Arts, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brigitta Danuser
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Elke Vlemincx
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Gomez
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vaschillo B, Vaschillo EG. Can arterial elasticity be estimated from heart rate variability response to paced 0.066 Hz sighing? Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13552. [PMID: 32100310 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Arterial elasticity is an important indicator of risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is influenced by both gradual vessel wall damage due to aging and disease and vascular tone that responds, at the moment, to system loading. Measuring changes in arterial elasticity are critical to early detection of CVD but can be time and resource intensive. This study proposes and tests a new method to approximate arterial elasticity from heart rate variability (HRV). ECG and pulse were simultaneously recording in 71 young healthy adults during three rhythmical sighing tasks paced at 0.02, 0.033, and 0.066 Hz. We evaluated arterial elasticity by measuring the reaction of pulse transit time (PTT) and RRI to each task specifically at the pacing frequency. The goal of the study was to describe our method, ground the methodology in current theory and mechanisms, and scientifically justify and validate this method by assessing differences in arterial elasticity in groups of healthy adults who differed in drinking behaviors. The amplitude PTT and HR oscillation responses at the pacing frequency were significantly correlated only when sighing was paced at 0.066 Hz. Both amplitudes also significantly correlated with power in the very low-frequency range of the baseline HRV spectrum. Abnormalities in these measures were observed among binge drinking healthy adults compared to non-drinkers and social drinkers. These preliminary results support using the HRV response to paced 0.066 Hz sighing as a correlate of arterial elasticity and warrant further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bronya Vaschillo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Evgeny G Vaschillo
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vaschillo EG, Vaschillo B, Buckman JF, Heiss S, Singh G, Bates ME. Early signs of cardiovascular dysregulation in young adult binge drinkers. Psychophysiology 2017; 55:e13036. [PMID: 29193139 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking is widespread on American college campuses, but its effects on the cardiovascular system are poorly understood. This study sought evidence of preclinical cardiovascular changes in binge drinking young adults (n = 24) compared to nondrinking (n = 24) and social drinking (n = 23) peers during baseline, paced sighing (0.033 Hz), and paced breathing (0.1 Hz) tasks. Binge drinkers showed consistent but often statistically nonsignificant evidence of greater sympathetic activation and reduced baroreflex sensitivity. Interestingly, the structure of group-averaged baseline heart rate spectra was considerably different between groups in the low frequency range (0.05-0.15 Hz). In particular, the binge drinking group-averaged spectra showed several spectral peaks not evident in the other groups, possibly indicating two functionally distinct subranges (0.05-0.08 and 0.08-0.15 Hz) that reflect vascular tone baroreflex activity and heart rate baroreflex activity, respectively. Vascular tone baroreflex gain and power in two peaks in the 0.05-0.08 Hz range were associated with years of drinking in the binge drinking group. Vascular dysfunction may be an early indicator of drinking-related change in the cardiovascular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny G Vaschillo
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bronya Vaschillo
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jennifer F Buckman
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sydney Heiss
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Marsha E Bates
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kastner L, Kube J, Villringer A, Neumann J. Cardiac Concomitants of Feedback and Prediction Error Processing in Reinforcement Learning. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:598. [PMID: 29163004 PMCID: PMC5670147 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful learning hinges on the evaluation of positive and negative feedback. We assessed differential learning from reward and punishment in a monetary reinforcement learning paradigm, together with cardiac concomitants of positive and negative feedback processing. On the behavioral level, learning from reward resulted in more advantageous behavior than learning from punishment, suggesting a differential impact of reward and punishment on successful feedback-based learning. On the autonomic level, learning and feedback processing were closely mirrored by phasic cardiac responses on a trial-by-trial basis: (1) Negative feedback was accompanied by faster and prolonged heart rate deceleration compared to positive feedback. (2) Cardiac responses shifted from feedback presentation at the beginning of learning to stimulus presentation later on. (3) Most importantly, the strength of phasic cardiac responses to the presentation of feedback correlated with the strength of prediction error signals that alert the learner to the necessity for behavioral adaptation. Considering participants' weight status and gender revealed obesity-related deficits in learning to avoid negative consequences and less consistent behavioral adaptation in women compared to men. In sum, our results provide strong new evidence for the notion that during learning phasic cardiac responses reflect an internal value and feedback monitoring system that is sensitive to the violation of performance-based expectations. Moreover, inter-individual differences in weight status and gender may affect both behavioral and autonomic responses in reinforcement-based learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Kastner
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jana Kube
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty 5-Business, Law and Social Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Clinic of Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Mind and Brain Institute, Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jane Neumann
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The relationship between partial upper-airway obstruction and inter-breath transition period during sleep. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 244:32-40. [PMID: 28676331 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Short pauses or "transition-periods" at the end of expiration and prior to subsequent inspiration are commonly observed during sleep in humans. However, the role of transition periods in regulating ventilation during physiological challenges such as partial airway obstruction (PAO) has not been investigated. Twenty-nine obstructive sleep apnea patients and eight controls underwent overnight polysomnography with an epiglottic catheter. Sustained-PAO segments (increased epiglottic pressure over ≥5 breaths without increased peak inspiratory flow) and unobstructed reference segments were manually scored during apnea-free non-REM sleep. Nasal pressure data was computationally segmented into inspiratory (TI, shortest period achieving 95% inspiratory volume), expiratory (TE, shortest period achieving 95% expiratory volume), and inter-breath transition period (TTrans, period between TE and subsequent TI). Compared with reference segments, sustained-PAO segments had a mean relative reduction in TTrans (-24.7±17.6%, P<0.001), elevated TI (11.8±10.5%, P<0.001), and a small reduction in TE (-3.9±8.0, P≤0.05). Compensatory increases in inspiratory period during PAO are primarily explained by reduced transition period and not by reduced expiratory period.
Collapse
|
13
|
Quintana DS, Alvares GA, Heathers JAJ. Guidelines for Reporting Articles on Psychiatry and Heart rate variability (GRAPH): recommendations to advance research communication. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e803. [PMID: 27163204 PMCID: PMC5070064 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of publications investigating heart rate variability (HRV) in psychiatry and the behavioral sciences has increased markedly in the last decade. In addition to the significant debates surrounding ideal methods to collect and interpret measures of HRV, standardized reporting of methodology in this field is lacking. Commonly cited recommendations were designed well before recent calls to improve research communication and reproducibility across disciplines. In an effort to standardize reporting, we propose the Guidelines for Reporting Articles on Psychiatry and Heart rate variability (GRAPH), a checklist with four domains: participant selection, interbeat interval collection, data preparation and HRV calculation. This paper provides an overview of these four domains and why their standardized reporting is necessary to suitably evaluate HRV research in psychiatry and related disciplines. Adherence to these communication guidelines will help expedite the translation of HRV research into a potential psychiatric biomarker by improving interpretation, reproducibility and future meta-analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Quintana
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital, Building 49, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Kirkeveien 166, PO Box 4956, Nydalen, Oslo N-0424, Norway. E-mail:
| | - G A Alvares
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia,Cooperative Research Centre for Living with Autism (Autism CRC), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - J A J Heathers
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Department of Cardiology and Intensive Therapy, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|