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Monosov IE, Zimmermann J, Frank MJ, Mathis MW, Baker JT. Ethological computational psychiatry: Challenges and opportunities. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 86:102881. [PMID: 38696972 PMCID: PMC11162904 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Studying the intricacies of individual subjects' moods and cognitive processing over extended periods of time presents a formidable challenge in medicine. While much of systems neuroscience appropriately focuses on the link between neural circuit functions and well-constrained behaviors over short timescales (e.g., trials, hours), many mental health conditions involve complex interactions of mood and cognition that are non-stationary across behavioral contexts and evolve over extended timescales. Here, we discuss opportunities, challenges, and possible future directions in computational psychiatry to quantify non-stationary continuously monitored behaviors. We suggest that this exploratory effort may contribute to a more precision-based approach to treating mental disorders and facilitate a more robust reverse translation across animal species. We conclude with ethical considerations for any field that aims to bridge artificial intelligence and patient monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E. Monosov
- Departments of Neuroscience, Biomedical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, and Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jan Zimmermann
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael J. Frank
- Carney Center for Computational Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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Tahmazian I, Watts A, Chen O, Ferrara HJ, McCrimmon A, Hu B, Chomiak T. A wearable device-enabled therapeutic approach to improve joint attention in autism spectrum disorder: a prospective pilot study. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:1601-1607. [PMID: 37648903 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02683-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
It has been previously proposed that interventions aimed at integrating and co-activating music processing and motor control systems could have therapeutic potential for priming social skill development in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we assessed this hypothesis through a wearable sensor platform called Ambulosono ("Ambulo"-walk; "sono"-sound) in which pleasurable children's musical stimuli are contingently linked to effortful motor action (locomotor step size), thus creating a motivational state proposed to be conducive to joint attention (JA) operation. Five participants were recruited from a community-based partner and were assessed by scoring responses following therapist-directed bids for JA. Multiple assessment sessions through a repeated time-series design were conducted to determine baseline and post-intervention scores. The intervention session consisted of approximately 15 min of Ambulosono exposure. Baseline and post-intervention data were aggregated and analyzed using a linear mixed-effect model. The wearable sensor and wireless headphones of the Ambulosono system were tolerated by the participants, and there were no adverse effects associated with the use of the device. We found an increase in the average responses to bids for JA during the Ambulosono intervention phase compared to baseline across participants. This increase did not appear to result from enhanced general arousal. Our pilot data support feasibility and further testing of Ambulosono as a therapeutic aid for integration into community-based ASD programs to augment shared child-therapist social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Tahmazian
- Division of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Alexander Watts
- Division of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Oswald Chen
- Division of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Hannah J Ferrara
- Division of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Adam McCrimmon
- Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Bin Hu
- Division of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Taylor Chomiak
- Division of Translational Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada.
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Jefsen OH, Erlangsen A, Nordentoft M, Hjorthøj C. Cannabis Use Disorder and Subsequent Risk of Psychotic and Nonpsychotic Unipolar Depression and Bipolar Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 2023; 80:803-810. [PMID: 37223912 PMCID: PMC10209828 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Importance Cannabis use is increasing worldwide and is suspected to be associated with increased risk of psychiatric disorders; however, the association with affective disorders has been insufficiently studied. Objective To examine whether cannabis use disorder (CUD) is associated with an increased risk of psychotic and nonpsychotic unipolar depression and bipolar disorder and to compare associations of CUD with psychotic and nonpsychotic subtypes of these diagnoses. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective, population-based cohort study using Danish nationwide registers included all individuals born in Denmark before December 31, 2005, who were alive, aged at least 16 years, and living in Denmark between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2021. Exposure Register-based diagnosis of CUD. Main Outcome and Measures The main outcome was register-based diagnosis of psychotic or nonpsychotic unipolar depression or bipolar disorder. Associations between CUD and subsequent affective disorders were estimated as hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox proportional hazards regression with time-varying information on CUD, adjusting for sex; alcohol use disorder; substance use disorder; having been born in Denmark; calendar year; parental educational level (highest attained); parental cannabis, alcohol, or substance use disorders; and parental affective disorders. Results A total of 6 651 765 individuals (50.3% female) were followed up for 119 526 786 person-years. Cannabis use disorder was associated with an increased risk of unipolar depression (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.78-1.90), psychotic unipolar depression (HR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.73-2.25), and nonpsychotic unipolar depression (HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.77-1.89). Cannabis use was associated with an increased risk of bipolar disorder in men (HR, 2.96; 95% CI, 2.73-3.21) and women (HR, 2.54; 95% CI, 2.31-2.80), psychotic bipolar disorder (HR, 4.05; 95% CI, 3.52-4.65), and nonpsychotic bipolar disorder in men (HR, 2.96; 95% CI, 2.73-3.21) and women (HR, 2.60; 95% CI, 2.36-2.85). Cannabis use disorder was associated with higher risk for psychotic than nonpsychotic subtypes of bipolar disorder (relative HR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.21-1.81) but not unipolar depression (relative HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.92-1.27). Conclusions and Relevance This population-based cohort study found that CUD was associated with an increased risk of psychotic and nonpsychotic bipolar disorder and unipolar depression. These findings may inform policies regarding the legal status and control of cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Hougaard Jefsen
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital–Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Annette Erlangsen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health–CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute for Suicide Prevention, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health–CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health–CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Fassett-Carman AN, Moser AD, Ruzic L, Neilson C, Jones J, Barnes-Horowitz S, Schneck CD, Kaiser RH. Amygdala and nucleus accumbens activation during reward anticipation moderates the association between life stressor frequency and depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord 2023; 330:309-318. [PMID: 36871909 PMCID: PMC10695433 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life stressors confer risk for depressive symptoms, but individuals vary in the extent of their sensitivity to life stressors. One protective factor may be an individual's level of reward sensitivity, e.g., a stronger neurobiological response to environmental rewards may mitigate emotional responses to stressors. However, the nature of neurobiological reward sensitivity that corresponds with stress resilience is unknown. Further, this model is untested in adolescence, when life stressor frequency and depression increase. METHODS We tested the hypothesis that stronger reward-related activation in the left and right nucleus accumbens (NAc), amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) attenuates the strength of the stress-depression relation. We measured BOLD activation throughout Win and Lose blocks of a monetary reward task, as well as during anticipation and outcome phases of the task. Participants (N = 151, ages 13-19) were recruited to be stratified on risk for mood disorders to enhance variance in depressive symptoms. RESULTS Activation during anticipation of rewards in the bilateral amygdala and NAc, but not mPFC, buffered the association between life stressors and depressive symptoms. This buffering effect was not found for reward outcome activation or activation across Win blocks. CONCLUSIONS Results highlight the importance of reward anticipation activation of subcortical structures in attenuating the stress-depression link, suggesting that reward motivation may be a cognitive mechanism through which this stress buffering occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amelia D Moser
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, United States of America
| | - Luka Ruzic
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, United States of America
| | - Chiara Neilson
- University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, United States of America
| | - Jenna Jones
- University of Colorado Boulder, Institute of Cognitive Science, United States of America
| | - Sofia Barnes-Horowitz
- University of Colorado Boulder, Renée Crown Wellness Institute, United States of America
| | - Christopher D Schneck
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Psychiatry, United States of America
| | - Roselinde H Kaiser
- University of Colorado Boulder, Institute of Cognitive Science, United States of America; University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, United States of America
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Time-varying SUVr reflects the dynamics of dopamine increases during methylphenidate challenges in humans. Commun Biol 2023; 6:166. [PMID: 36765261 PMCID: PMC9918528 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine facilitates cognition and is implicated in reward processing. Methylphenidate, a dopamine transporter blocker widely used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, can have rewarding and addictive effects if injected. Since methylphenidate's brain uptake is much faster after intravenous than oral intake, we hypothesize that the speed of dopamine increases in the striatum in addition to its amplitude underly drug reward. To test this we use simulations and PET data of [11C]raclopride's binding displacement with oral and intravenous methylphenidate challenges in 20 healthy controls. Simulations suggest that the time-varying difference in standardized uptake value ratios for [11C]raclopride between placebo and methylphenidate conditions is a proxy for the time-varying dopamine increases induced by methylphenidate. Here we show that the dopamine increase induced by intravenous methylphenidate (0.25 mg/kg) in the striatum is significantly faster than that by oral methylphenidate (60 mg), and its time-to-peak is strongly associated with the intensity of the self-report of "high". We show for the first time that the "high" is associated with the fast dopamine increases induced by methylphenidate.
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Weinstein AM. Reward, motivation and brain imaging in human healthy participants - A narrative review. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1123733. [PMID: 37035621 PMCID: PMC10079947 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1123733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 20 years there has been an increasing number of brain imaging studies on the mechanisms underlying reward motivation in humans. This narrative review describes studies on the neural mechanisms associated with reward motivation and their relationships with cognitive function in healthy human participants. The brain's meso-limbic dopamine reward circuitry in humans is known to control reward-motivated behavior in humans. The medial and lateral Pre-Frontal Cortex (PFC) integrate motivation and cognitive control during decision-making and the dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) integrates and transmits signals of reward to the mesolimbic and meso-cortical dopamine circuits and initiates motivated behavior. The thalamus and insula influence incentive processing in humans and the motor system plays a role in response to action control. There are reciprocal relationships between reward motivation, learning, memory, imagery, working memory, and attention. The most common method of assessing reward motivation is the monetary incentive delay task (DMRT) and there are several meta-analyses of this paradigm. Genetics modulates motivation reward, and dopamine provides the basis for the interaction between motivational and cognitive control. There is some evidence that male adolescents take more risky decisions than female adolescents and that the lateralization of reward-related DA release in the ventral striatum is confined to men. These studies have implications for our understanding of natural reward and psychiatric conditions like addiction, depression and ADHD. Furthermore, the association between reward and memory can help develop treatment techniques for drug addiction that interfere with consolidation of memory. Finally, there is a lack of research on reward motivation, genetics and sex differences and this can improve our understanding of the relationships between reward, motivation and the brain.
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van Hooijdonk CFM, Tse DHY, Roosenschoon J, Ceccarini J, Booij J, van Amelsvoort TAMJ, Vingerhoets C. The Relationships between Dopaminergic, Glutamatergic, and Cognitive Functioning in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional, Multimodal 1H-MRS and 18F-Fallypride PET Study. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1672. [PMID: 36140839 PMCID: PMC9498700 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) are at increased risk of developing psychosis and cognitive impairments, which may be related to dopaminergic and glutamatergic abnormalities. Therefore, in this exploratory study, we examined the association between dopaminergic and glutamatergic functioning in 22q11DS. Additionally, the associations between glutamatergic functioning and brain volumes in 22q11DS and healthy controls (HC), as well as those between dopaminergic and cognitive functioning in 22q11DS, were also examined. METHODS In this cross-sectional, multimodal imaging study, glutamate, glutamine, and their combined concentration (Glx) were assessed in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and striatum in 17 22q11DS patients and 20 HC using 7T proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Ten 22q11DS patients also underwent 18F-fallypride positron emission tomography to measure dopamine D2/3 receptor (D2/3R) availability in the ACC and striatum. Cognitive performance was assessed with the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. RESULTS No significant associations were found between ACC or striatal (1) glutamate, glutamine, or Glx concentrations and (2) D2/3R availability. In HC but not in 22q11DS patients, we found a significant relationship between ACC volume and ACC glutamate, glutamine, and Glx concentration. In addition, some aspects of cognitive functioning were significantly associated with D2/3R availability in 22q11DS. However, none of the associations remained significant after Bonferroni correction. CONCLUSIONS Although our results did not reach statistical significance, our findings suggest an association between glutamatergic functioning and brain volume in HC but not in 22q11DS. Additionally, D2/3R availability seems to be related to cognitive functioning in 22q11DS. Studies in larger samples are needed to further elucidate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen F. M. van Hooijdonk
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), University of Maastricht, 6226 NB Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Rivierduinen, Institute for Mental Health Care, 2333 ZZ Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Desmond H. Y. Tse
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julia Roosenschoon
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), University of Maastricht, 6226 NB Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Ceccarini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Division of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Therese A. M. J. van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), University of Maastricht, 6226 NB Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Vingerhoets
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), University of Maastricht, 6226 NB Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Time estimation and arousal responses in dopa-responsive dystonia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14279. [PMID: 35995805 PMCID: PMC9395389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17545-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) is caused by an impaired dopamine biosynthesis due to a GTP-cyclohydrolase-1 (GCH1) deficiency, resulting in a combination of dystonia and parkinsonism. However, the effect of GCH1 mutations and levodopa treatment on motor control beyond simple movements, such as timing, action preparation and feedback processing, have not been investigated so far. In an active time estimation task with trial-by-trial feedback, participants indicated a target interval (1200 ms) by a motor response. We compared 12 patients tested (in fixed order) under their current levodopa medication ("ON") and after levodopa withdrawal ("OFF") to matched healthy controls (HC), measured twice to control for repetition effects. We assessed time estimation accuracy, trial-to-trial adjustment, as well as task- and feedback-related pupil-linked arousal responses. Patients showed comparable time estimation accuracy ON medication as HC but reduced performance OFF medication. Task-related pupil responses showed the reverse pattern. Trial-to-trial adjustments of response times were reduced in DRD, particularly OFF medication. Our results indicate differential alterations of time estimation accuracy and task-related arousal dynamics in DRD patients as a function of dopaminergic medication state. A medication-independent alteration of task repetition effects in DRD cannot be ruled out with certainty but is discussed as less likely.
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Bielawski T, Drapała J, Krowicki P, Stańczykiewicz B, Frydecka D. Trauma Disrupts Reinforcement Learning in Rats-A Novel Animal Model of Chronic Stress Exposure. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:903100. [PMID: 35663358 PMCID: PMC9157238 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.903100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma, as well as chronic stress that characterizes a modern fast-paced lifestyle, contributes to numerous psychopathologies and psychological problems. Psychiatric patients with traumas, as well as healthy individuals who experienced traumas in the past, are often characterized by diminished cognitive abilities. In our protocol, we used an animal model to explore the influence of chronic trauma on cognitive abilities and behavior in the group of 20 rats (Rattus norvegicus). The experimental group was introduced to chronic (12 consecutive days) exposure to predator odor (bobcat urine). We measured the reinforcement learning of each individual before and after the exposition via the Probabilistic Selection Task (PST) and we used Social Interaction Test (SIT) to assess the behavioral changes of each individual before and after the trauma. In the experimental group, there was a significant decrease in reinforcement learning after exposure to a single trauma (Wilcoxon Test, p = 0.034) as well as after 11 days of chronic trauma (Wilcoxon-test, p = 0.01) in comparison to pre-trauma performance. The control group, which was not exposed to predator odor but underwent the same testing protocol, did not present significant deterioration in reinforcement learning. In cross-group comparisons, there was no difference between the experimental and control group in PST before odor protocol (U Mann-Whitney two-sided, p = 0.909). After exposure to chronic trauma, the experimental group deteriorated in PST performance compared to control (U Mann-Whitney Two-sided, p = 0.0005). In SIT, the experimental group spent less time in an Interaction Zone with an unfamiliar rat after trauma protocol (Wilcoxon two-sided test, p = 0.019). Major strengths of our models are: (1) protocol allows investigating reinforcement learning before and after exposition to chronic trauma, with the same group of rats, (2) translational scope, as the PST is displayed on touchscreen, similarly to human studies, (3) protocol delivers chronic trauma that impairs reward learning, but behaviorally does not induce full-blown anhedonia, thus rats performed voluntarily throughout all the procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Bielawski
- Department of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jarosław Drapała
- Department of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Paweł Krowicki
- Department of Laser Technologies, Automation and Production Management, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Dorota Frydecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract
Anhedonia is a core feature of psychopathological conditions that have recent exposure to stress and trauma as central to their etiology. Indeed, evolutionary accounts of depression suggest that decreased motivation to pursue reward may be an adaptive strategy in the face of social stress, in particular, as it may serve to defuse interpersonal conflict. Through a review of rodent models and research with humans, we show that exposure to stress, particularly when it is chronic, repeated, and/or involves themes of social rejection or defeat, is consistently associated with reduced hedonic capacity ("liking"), motivation to pursue reward ("wanting"), and ability to learn from reward ("reward learning"). Further, across rodent and human research, there is evidence that females show greater stress-induced blunting of reward processing than males. In humans, this sex difference emerges most strongly when examining individual differences in the stress response rather than group differences in stress exposure. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the etiology of, and sex differences in, stress-related psychopathology, including depression and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Harkness
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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Abstract
Anhedonia has long been considered a cardinal symptom of schizophrenia. This symptom is strongly associated with poor functional outcome, and limited treatment options are available. While originally conceptualized as an inability to experience pleasure, recent work has consistently shown that individuals with schizophrenia have an intact capacity to experience pleasure in-the-moment. Adjacent work in basic affective neuroscience has broadened the conceptualization of anhedonia to include not only the capacity to experience pleasure but highlights important temporal affective dynamics and decision-making processes that go awry in schizophrenia. Here we detail these mechanisms for emotional and motivational impairment in people with schizophrenia including: (1) initial response to reward; (2) reward anticipation; (3) reward learning; (4) effort-cost decision-making; (5) working memory and cognitive control. We will review studies that utilized various types of rewards (e.g., monetary, social), in order to draw conclusions regarding whether findings vary by reward type. We will then discuss how modern assessment methods may best incorporate each of the mechanisms, to provide a more fine-grained understanding of anhedonia in individuals with schizophrenia. We will close by providing a discussion of relevant future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Moran
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adam J Culbreth
- Department of Psychiatry, Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Finan PH, Letzen J, Epstein DH, Mun CJ, Stull S, Kowalczyk WJ, Agage D, Phillips KA, Pizzagalli DA, Preston KL. Reward Responsiveness in Patients with Opioid Use Disorder on Opioid Agonist Treatment: Role of Comorbid Chronic Pain. PAIN MEDICINE 2021; 22:2019-2027. [PMID: 33624802 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence suggests that blunted reward responsiveness may account for poor clinical outcomes in both opioid use disorder (OUD) and chronic pain. Understanding how individuals with OUD and comorbid chronic pain (OUD+CP) respond to rewards is, therefore, of clinical interest because it may reveal a potential point of behavioral intervention. METHODS Patients with OUD (n = 28) and OUD+CP (n = 19) on opioid agonist treatment were compared on: 1) the Probabilistic Reward Task (an objective behavioral measure of reward response bias) and 2) ecological momentary assessment of affective responses to pleasurable events. RESULTS Both the OUD and the OUD+CP groups evidenced an increase in reward response bias in the Probabilistic Reward Task. The rate of change in response bias across blocks was statistically significant in the OUD group (B = 0.06, standard error [SE] = 0.02, t = 3.92, P < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03 to 0.09) but not in the OUD+CP group (B = 0.03, SE = 0.02, t = 1.90, P = 0.07, 95% CI: -0.002 to 0.07). However, groups did not significantly differ in the rate of change in response bias across blocks (B = 0.03, SE = 0.02, t = 1.21, P = 0.23, 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.07). Groups did not significantly differ on state measures of reward responsiveness (P's ≥0.50). CONCLUSIONS Overall, findings across objective and subjective measures were mixed, necessitating follow-up with a larger sample. The results suggest that although there is a reward response bias in patients with OUD+CP treated with opioid agonist treatment relative to patients with OUD without CP, it is modest and does not appear to translate into patients' responses to rewarding events as they unfold in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Finan
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Janelle Letzen
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David H Epstein
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chung Jung Mun
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Samuel Stull
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - William J Kowalczyk
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel Agage
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Karran A Phillips
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Kenzie L Preston
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
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Lu HY, Lorenc ES, Zhu H, Kilmarx J, Sulzer J, Xie C, Tobler PN, Watrous AJ, Orsborn AL, Lewis-Peacock J, Santacruz SR. Multi-scale neural decoding and analysis. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34284369 PMCID: PMC8840800 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac160f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Complex spatiotemporal neural activity encodes rich information related to behavior and cognition. Conventional research has focused on neural activity acquired using one of many different measurement modalities, each of which provides useful but incomplete assessment of the neural code. Multi-modal techniques can overcome tradeoffs in the spatial and temporal resolution of a single modality to reveal deeper and more comprehensive understanding of system-level neural mechanisms. Uncovering multi-scale dynamics is essential for a mechanistic understanding of brain function and for harnessing neuroscientific insights to develop more effective clinical treatment. Approach. We discuss conventional methodologies used for characterizing neural activity at different scales and review contemporary examples of how these approaches have been combined. Then we present our case for integrating activity across multiple scales to benefit from the combined strengths of each approach and elucidate a more holistic understanding of neural processes. Main results. We examine various combinations of neural activity at different scales and analytical techniques that can be used to integrate or illuminate information across scales, as well the technologies that enable such exciting studies. We conclude with challenges facing future multi-scale studies, and a discussion of the power and potential of these approaches. Significance. This roadmap will lead the readers toward a broad range of multi-scale neural decoding techniques and their benefits over single-modality analyses. This Review article highlights the importance of multi-scale analyses for systematically interrogating complex spatiotemporal mechanisms underlying cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yun Lu
- The University of Texas at Austin, Biomedical Engineering, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth S Lorenc
- The University of Texas at Austin, Psychology, Austin, TX, United States of America.,The University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Neuroscience, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Hanlin Zhu
- Rice University, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Justin Kilmarx
- The University of Texas at Austin, Mechanical Engineering, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - James Sulzer
- The University of Texas at Austin, Mechanical Engineering, Austin, TX, United States of America.,The University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Neuroscience, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Chong Xie
- Rice University, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Philippe N Tobler
- University of Zurich, Neuroeconomics and Social Neuroscience, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Watrous
- The University of Texas at Austin, Neurology, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Amy L Orsborn
- University of Washington, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,University of Washington, Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jarrod Lewis-Peacock
- The University of Texas at Austin, Psychology, Austin, TX, United States of America.,The University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Neuroscience, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Samantha R Santacruz
- The University of Texas at Austin, Biomedical Engineering, Austin, TX, United States of America.,The University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Neuroscience, Austin, TX, United States of America
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14
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Hyde J, Eidels A, van Amelsvoort T, Myin-Germeys I, Campbell L. Gene Deletion and Sleep Depletion: Exploring the Relationship Between Sleep and Affect in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. The Journal of Genetic Psychology 2021; 182:304-316. [PMID: 34114933 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2021.1930995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a microdeletion on the long arm of chromosome 22. Sleep problems have been reported in this population, and psychiatric disorders and affect dysregulation are common to the behavioral phenotype of 22q11DS. Sleep and affect have been consistently linked across multiple studies, yet despite this very little research has investigated sleep problems in 22q11DS, or the link between sleep and affect in this population. The Experience Sampling Method was used to track daily reports of sleep quality and affect in a total of 29 individuals with 22q11DS and 21 control subjects. Measurements were recorded during a 6-day period using an electronic device that prompted daily response with audio cues. Participants with 22q11DS were found to experience a longer sleep onset latency and a greater amount, and duration, of night wakings compared with control subjects. Despite this, no significant between-group difference was found for subjective sleep quality. 22q11DS participants reported more experiences of negative affect and less positive affect than control subjects. A bidirectional relationship was found between sleep measures and affect. Sleep problems can cause a wide range of negative health effects, and individuals with 22q11DS are particularly vulnerable to deficits of sleep. To ensure high standards of care, healthcare providers should be aware of the possibility and impact of sleep problems in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyn Hyde
- School of Psychology, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Ami Eidels
- School of Psychology, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Linda Campbell
- School of Psychology, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
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15
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Frey AL, Frank MJ, McCabe C. Social reinforcement learning as a predictor of real-life experiences in individuals with high and low depressive symptomatology. Psychol Med 2021; 51:408-415. [PMID: 31831095 PMCID: PMC7958481 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719003222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have reported diminished learning from non-social outcomes in depressed individuals. However, it is not clear how depression impacts learning from social feedback. Notably, mood disorders are commonly associated with deficits in social functioning, which raises the possibility that potential impairments in social learning may negatively affect real-life social experiences in depressed subjects. METHODS Ninety-two participants with high (HD; N = 40) and low (LD; N = 52) depression scores were recruited. Subjects performed a learning task, during which they received monetary outcomes or social feedback which they were told came from other people. Additionally, participants answered questions about their everyday social experiences. Computational models were fit to the data and model parameters were related to social experience measures. RESULTS HD subjects reported a reduced quality and quantity of social experiences compared to LD controls, including an increase in the amount of time spent in negative social situations. Moreover, HD participants showed lower learning rates than LD subjects in the social condition of the task. Interestingly, across all participants, reduced social learning rates predicted higher amounts of time spent in negative social situations, even when depression scores were controlled for. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that deficits in social learning may affect the quality of everyday social experiences. Specifically, the impaired ability to use social feedback to appropriately update future actions, which was observed in HD subjects, may lead to suboptimal interpersonal behavior in real life. This, in turn, may evoke negative feedback from others, thus bringing about more unpleasant social encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Frey
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Michael J. Frank
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ciara McCabe
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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16
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Martin-Soelch C, Guillod M, Gaillard C, Recabarren RE, Federspiel A, Mueller-Pfeiffer C, Homan P, Hasler G, Schoebi D, Horsch A, Gomez P. Increased Reward-Related Activation in the Ventral Striatum During Stress Exposure Associated With Positive Affect in the Daily Life of Young Adults With a Family History of Depression. Preliminary Findings. Front Psychiatry 2021; 11:563475. [PMID: 33584359 PMCID: PMC7873952 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.563475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Being the offspring of a parent with major depression disorder (MDD) is a strong predictor for developing MDD. Blunted striatal responses to reward were identified in individuals with MDD and in asymptomatic individuals with family history of depression (FHD). Stress is a major etiological factor for MDD and was also reported to reduce the striatal responses to reward. The stress-reward interactions in FHD individuals has not been explored yet. Extending neuroimaging results into daily-life experience, self-reported ambulatory measures of positive affect (PA) were shown to be associated with striatal activation during reward processing. A reduction of self-reported PA in daily life is consistently reported in individuals with current MDD. Here, we aimed to test (1) whether increased family risk of depression is associated with blunted neural and self-reported reward responses. (2) the stress-reward interactions at the neural level. We expected a stronger reduction of reward-related striatal activation under stress in FHD individuals compared to HC. (3) the associations between fMRI and daily life self-reported data on reward and stress experiences, with a specific interest in the striatum as a crucial region for reward processing. Method: Participants were 16 asymptomatic young adults with FHD and 16 controls (HC). They performed the Fribourg Reward Task with and without stress induction, using event-related fMRI. We conducted whole-brain analyses comparing the two groups for the main effect of reward (rewarded > not-rewarded) during reward feedback in control (no-stress) and stress conditions. Beta weights extracted from significant activation in this contrast were correlated with self-reported PA and negative affect (NA) assessed over 1 week. Results: Under stress induction, the reward-related activation in the ventral striatum (VS) was higher in the FHD group than in the HC group. Unexpectedly, we did not find significant group differences in the self-reported daily life PA measures. During stress induction, VS reward-related activation correlated positively with PA in both groups and negatively with NA in the HC group. Conclusion: As expected, our results indicate that increased family risk of depression was associated with specific striatum reactivity to reward in a stress condition, and support previous findings that ventral striatal reward-related response is associated with PA. A new unexpected finding is the negative association between NA and reward-related ventral striatal activation in the HC group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Martin-Soelch
- IReach Lab, Unit of Clinical and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Guillod
- IReach Lab, Unit of Clinical and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Claudie Gaillard
- IReach Lab, Unit of Clinical and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Section on Neurobiology of Fear and Anxiety, National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Romina Evelyn Recabarren
- IReach Lab, Unit of Clinical and Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Federspiel
- Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Mueller-Pfeiffer
- Department of Consultation-Liaison-Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Homan
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Zucker School of Medicine at Northwell/Hofstra, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Gregor Hasler
- Unit of Psychiatry Research, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Schoebi
- Unit of Clinical Family Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Antje Horsch
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Higher Education and Research in Healthcare, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Gomez
- Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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17
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Ros T, Kwiek J, Andriot T, Michela A, Vuilleumier P, Garibotto V, Ginovart N. PET Imaging of Dopamine Neurotransmission During EEG Neurofeedback. Front Physiol 2021; 11:590503. [PMID: 33584328 PMCID: PMC7873858 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.590503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurofeedback (NFB) is a brain-based training method that enables users to control their own cortical oscillations using real-time feedback from the electroencephalogram (EEG). Importantly, no investigations to date have directly explored the potential impact of NFB on the brain's key neuromodulatory systems. Our study's objective was to assess the capacity of NFB to induce dopamine release as revealed by positron emission tomography (PET). Thirty-two healthy volunteers were randomized to either EEG-neurofeedback (NFB) or EEG-electromyography (EMG), and scanned while performing self-regulation during a single session of dynamic PET brain imaging using the high affinity D2/3 receptor radiotracer, [18F]Fallypride. NFB and EMG groups down-regulated cortical alpha power and facial muscle tone, respectively. Task-induced effects on endogenous dopamine release were estimated in the frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and thalamus, using the linearized simplified reference region model (LSRRM), which accounts for time-dependent changes in radiotracer binding following task initiation. Contrary to our hypothesis of a differential effect for NFB vs. EMG training, significant dopamine release was observed in both training groups in the frontal and anterior cingulate cortex, but not in thalamus. Interestingly, a significant negative correlation was observed between dopamine release in frontal cortex and pre-to-post NFB change in spontaneous alpha power, suggesting that intra-individual changes in brain state (i.e., alpha power) could partly result from changes in neuromodulatory tone. Overall, our findings constitute the first direct investigation of neurofeedback's effect on the endogenous release of a key neuromodulator, demonstrating its feasibility and paving the way for future studies using this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Ros
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Kwiek
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Theo Andriot
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Abele Michela
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Ginovart
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Rauschenberg C, van Os J, Goedhart M, Schieveld JNM, Reininghaus U. Bullying victimization and stress sensitivity in help-seeking youth: findings from an experience sampling study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 30:591-605. [PMID: 32405792 PMCID: PMC8041697 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bullying victimization confers the risk for developing various mental disorders, but studies investigating candidate mechanisms remain scarce, especially in the realm of youth mental health. Elevated stress sensitivity may constitute a mechanism linking bullying victimization and mental health problems. In the current study, we aimed to investigate whether exposure to bullying victimization amplifies stress sensitivity in youth's daily life. The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) was used to measure stress sensitivity [i.e. the association of momentary stress with (i) negative affect and (ii) psychotic experiences] in 42 help-seeking youths (service users), 17 siblings, and 40 comparison subjects (mean age 15 years). Before ESM assessments, bullying victimization at school as well as various psychopathological domains (i.e. depression, anxiety, psychosis) were assessed. Service users exposed to high levels of overall (primary hypotheses) as well as specific types (secondary hypotheses; physical and indirect, but not verbal) of bullying victimization experienced more intense negative affect and psychotic experiences in response to stress compared to those with low exposure levels (all p < 0.05), whereas, in contrast, controls showed either less intense negative affect or no marked differences in stress sensitivity by exposure levels. In siblings, a less consistent pattern of findings was observed. Findings suggest that stress sensitivity may constitute a potential risk and resilience mechanism linking bullying victimization and youth mental health. Interventions that directly target individuals' reactivity to stress by providing treatment components in real-life using mHealth tools may be a promising novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rauschenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Jim van Os
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Psychiatry, Brain Centre Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Psychosis Studies Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Matthieu Goedhart
- grid.12295.3d0000 0001 0943 3265Tilburg School of Humanities, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands ,Mutsaers Foundation and Educational Institute Wijnberg, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Jan N. M. Schieveld
- grid.412966.e0000 0004 0480 1382Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany ,grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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19
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Schneider M, Vaessen T, van Duin EDA, Kasanova Z, Viechtbauer W, Reininghaus U, Vingerhoets C, Booij J, Swillen A, Vorstman JAS, van Amelsvoort T, Myin-Germeys I. Affective and psychotic reactivity to daily-life stress in adults with 22q11DS: a study using the experience sampling method. J Neurodev Disord 2020; 12:30. [PMID: 33187471 PMCID: PMC7666493 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-020-09333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic disorder associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders. Vulnerability for psychopathology has been related to an increased reactivity to stress. Here, we examined affective states, perceived stress, affective and psychotic reactivity to various sources of environmental stress using the experience sampling method (ESM), a structured diary technique allowing repeated assessments in the context of daily life. METHODS Adults with 22q11DS (n = 31; age, 34.1 years) and matched healthy controls (HCs; n = 24; age, 39.9 years) were included. ESM was used to assess affective states, perceived stress, and stress reactivity. Data were analyzed using multilevel regression models. RESULTS Adults with 22q11DS displayed overall higher levels of negative affect but comparable levels of positive affect compared to HCs. Higher levels of perceived stress were reported by individuals with 22q11DS. Comparable affective and psychotic reactivity in relation to all types of environmental stress was observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION The results point toward higher levels of negative affect and differences in the perception of daily hassles in 22q11DS but no difference in affective or psychotic reactivity to stress. This study contributes to the growing literature regarding the impact of stress on the development of psychopathology in the 22q11DS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maude Schneider
- Clinical Psychology Unit for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d'Arve 40, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33 Bus 7001 (Blok H), 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Vaessen
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33 Bus 7001 (Blok H), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Esther D A van Duin
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Minderbroedersberg 4-6, Maastricht, 6211 LK, The Netherlands.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94224, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Zuzana Kasanova
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33 Bus 7001 (Blok H), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Viechtbauer
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Minderbroedersberg 4-6, Maastricht, 6211 LK, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Minderbroedersberg 4-6, Maastricht, 6211 LK, The Netherlands.,Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, David Goldberg Centre, King's College London, 18 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Square J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Claudia Vingerhoets
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ann Swillen
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Center for Human Genetics, Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacob A S Vorstman
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Burton Wing, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Minderbroedersberg 4-6, Maastricht, 6211 LK, The Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33 Bus 7001 (Blok H), 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Ceccarini J, Liu H, Van Laere K, Morris ED, Sander CY. Methods for Quantifying Neurotransmitter Dynamics in the Living Brain With PET Imaging. Front Physiol 2020; 11:792. [PMID: 32792972 PMCID: PMC7385290 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) neuroimaging in neuropsychiatry is a powerful tool for the quantification of molecular brain targets to characterize disease, assess disease subtype differences, evaluate short- and long-term effects of treatments, or even to measure neurotransmitter levels in healthy and psychiatric conditions. In this work, we present different methodological approaches (time-invariant models and models with time-varying terms) that have been used to measure dynamic changes in neurotransmitter levels induced by pharmacological or behavioral challenges in humans. The developments and potential use of hybrid PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for neurotransmission brain research will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Ceccarini
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Heather Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evan D Morris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States.,Invicro LLC, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Christin Y Sander
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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21
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van Duin EDA, Ceccarini J, Booij J, Kasanova Z, Vingerhoets C, van Huijstee J, Heinzel A, Mohammadkhani-Shali S, Winz O, Mottaghy F, Myin-Germeys I, van Amelsvoort T. Lower [ 18F]fallypride binding to dopamine D 2/3 receptors in frontal brain areas in adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: a positron emission tomography study. Psychol Med 2020; 50:799-807. [PMID: 30935427 PMCID: PMC7168654 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171900062x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is caused by a deletion on chromosome 22 locus q11.2. This copy number variant results in haplo-insufficiency of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene, and is associated with a significant increase in the risk for developing cognitive impairments and psychosis. The COMT gene encodes an enzyme that primarily modulates clearance of dopamine (DA) from the synaptic cleft, especially in the prefrontal cortical areas. Consequently, extracellular DA levels may be increased in prefrontal brain areas in 22q11DS, which may underlie the well-documented susceptibility for cognitive impairments and psychosis in affected individuals. This study aims to examine DA D2/3 receptor binding in frontal brain regions in adults with 22q11DS, as a proxy of frontal DA levels. METHODS The study was performed in 14 non-psychotic, relatively high functioning adults with 22q11DS and 16 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs), who underwent DA D2/3 receptor [18F]fallypride PET imaging. Frontal binding potential (BPND) was used as the main outcome measure. RESULTS BPND was significantly lower in adults with 22q11DS compared with HCs in the prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate gyrus. After Bonferroni correction significance remained for the anterior cingulate gyrus. There were no between-group differences in BPND in the orbitofrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate lower frontal D2/3 receptor binding in adults with 22q11DS. It suggests that a 22q11.2 deletion affects frontal dopaminergic neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther D. A. van Duin
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Ceccarini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Division of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Booij
- Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zuzana Kasanova
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven – Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Claudia Vingerhoets
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jytte van Huijstee
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Heinzel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Winz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherland
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven – Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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22
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Pereira JA, Sepulveda P, Rana M, Montalba C, Tejos C, Torres R, Sitaram R, Ruiz S. Self-Regulation of the Fusiform Face Area in Autism Spectrum: A Feasibility Study With Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback. Front Hum Neurosci 2019; 13:446. [PMID: 31920602 PMCID: PMC6933482 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2019.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important and early impairments in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the abnormal visual processing of human faces. This deficit has been associated with hypoactivation of the fusiform face area (FFA), one of the main hubs of the face-processing network. Neurofeedback based on real-time fMRI (rtfMRI-NF) is a technique that allows the self-regulation of circumscribed brain regions, leading to specific neural modulation and behavioral changes. The aim of the present study was to train participants with ASD to achieve up-regulation of the FFA using rtfMRI-NF, to investigate the neural effects of FFA up-regulation in ASD. For this purpose, three groups of volunteers with normal I.Q. and fluent language were recruited to participate in a rtfMRI-NF protocol of eight training runs in 2 days. Five subjects with ASD participated as part of the experimental group and received contingent feedback to up-regulate bilateral FFA. Two control groups, each one with three participants with typical development (TD), underwent the same protocol: one group with contingent feedback and the other with sham feedback. Whole-brain and functional connectivity analysis using each fusiform gyrus as independent seeds were carried out. The results show that individuals with TD and ASD can achieve FFA up-regulation with contingent feedback. RtfMRI-NF in ASD produced more numerous and stronger short-range connections among brain areas of the ventral visual stream and an absence of the long-range connections to insula and inferior frontal gyrus, as observed in TD subjects. Recruitment of inferior frontal gyrus was observed in both groups during FAA up-regulation. However, insula and caudate nucleus were only recruited in subjects with TD. These results could be explained from a neurodevelopment perspective as a lack of the normal specialization of visual processing areas, and a compensatory mechanism to process visual information of faces. RtfMRI-NF emerges as a potential tool to study visual processing network in ASD, and to explore its clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A. Pereira
- Laboratory for Brain Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pradyumna Sepulveda
- Laboratory for Brain Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohit Rana
- Laboratory for Brain Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cristian Montalba
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Tejos
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rafael Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ranganatha Sitaram
- Laboratory for Brain Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Ruiz
- Laboratory for Brain Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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23
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Culbreth AJ, Westbrook A, Braver TS, Barch DM. Effort in daily life: relationships between experimental tasks and daily experience. MOTIVATION SCIENCE 2019; 6:303-308. [PMID: 33778106 DOI: 10.1037/mot0000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recently, experimental tasks have been developed which index individual differences in willingness to expend effort for reward. However, little is known regarding whether such measures are associated with daily experience of effort. To test this, 31 participants completed an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol, answering surveys regarding the mental and physical demand of their daily activities, and also completed two effort-based decision-making tasks: the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT) and the Cognitive Effort Discounting (COGED) Task. Individuals who reported engaging in more mentally and physically demanding activities via EMA were also more willing to expend effort in the COGED task. However, EMA variables were not significantly associated with EEfRT decision-making. The results demonstrate the ecological, discriminant, and incremental validity of the COGED task, and provide preliminary evidence that individual differences in daily experience of effort may arise, in part, from differences in trait-level tendencies to weigh the costs versus benefits of actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Culbreth
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Andrew Westbrook
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistics, & Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Todd S Braver
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130.,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.,Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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24
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Bakker JM, Goossens L, Kumar P, Lange IM, Michielse S, Schruers K, Bastiaansen JA, Lieverse R, Marcelis M, Amelsvoort van T, van Os J, Myin-Germeys I, Pizzagalli DA, Wichers M. From laboratory to life: associating brain reward processing with real-life motivated behaviour and symptoms of depression in non-help-seeking young adults. Psychol Med 2019; 49:2441-2451. [PMID: 30488820 PMCID: PMC6541542 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718003446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression has been associated with abnormalities in neural underpinnings of Reward Learning (RL). However, inconsistencies have emerged, possibly owing to medication effects. Additionally, it remains unclear how neural RL signals relate to real-life behaviour. The current study, therefore, examined neural RL signals in young, mildly to moderately depressed - but non-help-seeking and unmedicated - individuals and how these signals are associated with depressive symptoms and real-life motivated behaviour. METHODS Individuals with symptoms along the depression continuum (n = 87) were recruited from the community. They performed an RL task during functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and were assessed with the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), completing short questionnaires on emotions and behaviours up to 10 times/day for 15 days. Q-learning model-derived Reward Prediction Errors (RPEs) were examined in striatal areas, and subsequently associated with depressive symptoms and an ESM measure capturing (non-linearly) how anticipation of reward experience corresponds to actual reward experience later on. RESULTS Significant RPE signals were found in the striatum, insula, amygdala, hippocampus, frontal and occipital cortices. Region-of-interest analyses revealed a significant association between RPE signals and (a) self-reported depressive symptoms in the right nucleus accumbens (b = -0.017, p = 0.006) and putamen (b = -0.013, p = .012); and (b) the quadratic ESM variable in the left (b = 0.010, p = .010) and right (b = 0.026, p = 0.011) nucleus accumbens and right putamen (b = 0.047, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Striatal RPE signals are disrupted along the depression continuum. Moreover, they are associated with reward-related behaviour in real-life, suggesting that real-life coupling of reward anticipation and engagement in rewarding activities might be a relevant target of psychological therapies for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindra M. Bakker
- Maastricht University, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- KU Leuven, Dept. of Neuroscience, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liesbet Goossens
- Maastricht University, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Poornima Kumar
- McLean Hospital, Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, Belmont, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iris M.J. Lange
- Maastricht University, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn Michielse
- Maastricht University, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Schruers
- Maastricht University, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- KU Leuven, Dept. of Psychology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jojanneke A. Bastiaansen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Dept. of Psychiatry (UCP), Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Groningen, the Netherlands
- Friesland Mental Health Care Services, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Ritsaert Lieverse
- Maastricht University, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Machteld Marcelis
- Maastricht University, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Mental Health Care Eindhoven (GGzE), Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Thérèse Amelsvoort van
- Maastricht University, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jim van Os
- Maastricht University, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Utrecht University, University Medical Center, Dept. of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- King’s College, King’s Health Partners, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- KU Leuven, Dept. of Neuroscience, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- McLean Hospital, Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, Belmont, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marieke Wichers
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Dept. of Psychiatry (UCP), Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation (ICPE), Groningen, the Netherlands
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25
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Moran EK, Culbreth AJ, Kandala S, Barch DM. From neuroimaging to daily functioning: A multimethod analysis of reward anticipation in people with schizophrenia. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 128:723-734. [PMID: 31464449 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Negative symptoms are a core clinical feature of schizophrenia that are only marginally responsive to current treatments. Recent work suggests that deficits in reinforcement learning and anticipatory responses to reward may be two mechanisms that help explain impairments in motivation in those with schizophrenia. The present study utilized a reinforcement-learning paradigm, which allowed us to examine both reward anticipation and reinforcement learning. Twenty-eight people with schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls completed a reinforcement-learning task while undergoing functional MRI. Participants with schizophrenia also completed a weeklong ecological momentary assessment protocol reporting anticipated motivation and pleasure in their daily activities. Unexpectedly, we found no significant group differences in performance or neural response in reinforcement learning. However, we found that poorer reward learning was associated with greater clinician ratings of negative symptoms and daily reports of anticipatory motivation and pleasure negative symptoms. In regards to anticipatory responses, we found that people with schizophrenia showed blunted activation in the anterior cingulate, insula, caudate, and putamen while anticipating reward. Further, blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response in reward related regions during anticipation of reward was significantly related to both clinician-rated motivation and pleasure deficits as well as daily reports of motivation and pleasure. Our results provide further evidence of deficits during reward anticipation in individuals with schizophrenia, particularly for those with severe negative symptoms, and some evidence for worse reward learning among those with greater negative symptoms. Moreover, our findings suggest that these deficits show important relationships with emotional and motivational functioning in everyday life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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26
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van Duin EDA, Vaessen T, Kasanova Z, Viechtbauer W, Reininghaus U, Saalbrink P, Vingerhoets C, Hernaus D, Booij J, Swillen A, Vorstman J, van Amelsvoort T, Myin-Germeys I. Lower cortisol levels and attenuated cortisol reactivity to daily-life stressors in adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 106:85-94. [PMID: 30959234 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic disorder associated with neurodevelopmental, anxiety and mood disorders, as well as an increased risk for developing psychosis. Cortisol levels and stress reactivity reflect hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis activity, and are believed to be altered in individuals that often experience daily-life stress, depression, and psychotic symptoms. However, it is unknown whether individuals with 22q11DS display an altered stress reactivity. METHODS We included 27 adults with 22q11DS (mean age: 34.1 years, 67% female) and 24 age and sex-matched healthy controls (HC; mean age: 39.9 years, 71% female) into an experience sampling study. Throughout 6 consecutive days, we measured participants' subjective stress related to current activity and at the same time collected salivary cortisol samples. Multilevel regression models were used to analyze cortisol reactivity to activity-related stress. RESULTS Diurnal cortisol levels were significantly lower in the 22q11DS group compared to HCs (B=-1.03, p < 0.001). 22q11DS adults displayed significantly attenuated cortisol reactivity to activity-related stress compared to HCs (B = -0.04, p = 0.026). Post-hoc exploratory analysis revealed that these results were independent from 22q11DS psychiatric diagnosis or medication use. CONCLUSION These results indicate that adults with 22q11DS have lower cortisol levels and attenuated cortisol response to daily stress, possibly resulting from an increased sensitization of the HPA-axis. This suggests that alterations in HPA-axis functioning, previously reported in several psychiatric disorders including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychotic disorder, and mood disorder, also appear to be present in adults with 22q11DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther D A van Duin
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Vaessen
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Zuzana Kasanova
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Viechtbauer
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Saalbrink
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Claudia Vingerhoets
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis Hernaus
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ann Swillen
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven - Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium; Center for Human Genetics, Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacob Vorstman
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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27
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Kerage D, Sloan EK, Mattarollo SR, McCombe PA. Interaction of neurotransmitters and neurochemicals with lymphocytes. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 332:99-111. [PMID: 30999218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters and neurochemicals can act on lymphocytes by binding to receptors expressed by lymphocytes. This review describes lymphocyte expression of receptors for a selection of neurotransmitters and neurochemicals, the anatomical locations where lymphocytes can interact with neurotransmitters, and the effects of the neurotransmitters on lymphocyte function. Implications for health and disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kerage
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Erica K Sloan
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Division of Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Cousins Center for Neuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Pamela A McCombe
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.
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28
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Zorlu N, Çapraz N, Oztekin E, Bagci B, Di Biase MA, Zalesky A, Gelal F, Bora E, Durmaz E, Beşiroğlu L, Sarıçiçek A. Rich club and reward network connectivity as endophenotypes for alcohol dependence: a diffusion tensor imaging study. Addict Biol 2019; 24:265-274. [PMID: 29280246 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the whole-brain white matter connectivity and local topology of reward system nodes in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and unaffected siblings, relative to healthy comparison individuals. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired from 18 patients with AUD, 15 unaffected siblings of AUD patients and 15 healthy controls. Structural networks were examined using network-based statistic and connectomic analysis. Connectomic analysis showed a significant ordered difference in normalized rich club organization (AUD < Siblings < Controls). We also found rank ordered differences (Control > Sibling > AUD) for both nodal clustering coefficient and nodal local efficiency in reward system nodes, particularly left caudate, right putamen and left hippocampus. Network-based statistic analyses showed that AUD group had significantly weaker connectivity than controls in the right hemisphere, mostly in the edges connecting putamen and hippocampus with other brain regions. Our results suggest that reward system network abnormalities, especially in subcortical structures, and impairments in rich-club organization might be related to the familial predisposition for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabi Zorlu
- Department of Psychiatry; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
| | - Necip Çapraz
- Department of Psychiatry; Medipol University Health Research and Administration Center, Sefakoy Hospital; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Esra Oztekin
- Department of Psychiatry; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
| | - Başak Bagci
- Department of Psychiatry; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
| | - Maria A. Di Biase
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry; The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health; Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry; The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health; Australia
| | - Fazıl Gelal
- Department of Radiodiagnostics; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
| | - Emre Bora
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry; The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health; Australia
- Department of Psychiatry; Dokuz Eylül University Medical School; Turkey
| | - Ercan Durmaz
- Department of Psychiatry; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
| | - Lütfullah Beşiroğlu
- Department of Psychiatry; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
| | - Aybala Sarıçiçek
- Department of Psychiatry; Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital; Turkey
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29
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Kasanova Z, Ceccarini J, Frank MJ, van Amelsvoort T, Booij J, Heinzel A, Mottaghy FM, Myin-Germeys I. Daily-life stress differentially impacts ventral striatal dopaminergic modulation of reward processing in first-degree relatives of individuals with psychosis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:1314-1324. [PMID: 30482598 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that stress can impair the ability to learn from and pursue rewards, which in turn has been linked to motivational impairments characteristic of the psychotic disorder. Ventral striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission has been found to modulate reward processing, and appears to be disrupted by exposure to stress. We investigated the hypothesis that stress experienced in the everyday life has a blunting effect on reward-induced dopamine release in the ventral striatum of 16 individuals at a familial risk for psychosis compared to 16 matched control subjects. Six days of ecological momentary assessments quantified the amount of daily-life stress prior to [18F]fallypride PET imaging while performing a probabilistic reinforcement learning task. Relative to the controls, individuals at a familial risk for psychosis who encountered more daily-life stress showed significantly diminished extent of reward-induced dopamine release in the right ventral striatum, as well as poorer performance on the reward task. These findings provide the first neuromolecular evidence for stress-related deregulation of reward processing in familial predisposition to psychosis. The implication of daily-life stress in compromised modulation of reward function may facilitate the design of targeted neuropharmacological and ecological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kasanova
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven - Leuven University, Kapucijnenvoer 33, blok i, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | - Jenny Ceccarini
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael J Frank
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Heinzel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven - Leuven University, Kapucijnenvoer 33, blok i, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
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30
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Schneier FR, Slifstein M, Whitton AE, Pizzagalli DA, Reinen J, McGrath PJ, Iosifescu DV, Abi-Dargham A. Dopamine Release in Antidepressant-Naive Major Depressive Disorder: A Multimodal [ 11C]-(+)-PHNO Positron Emission Tomography and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:563-573. [PMID: 30041971 PMCID: PMC6347467 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesolimbic dopamine system dysfunction is believed to contribute to major depressive disorder (MDD), but molecular neuroimaging of striatal dopamine neurotransmission has yielded mixed results, possibly owing to limited sensitivity of antagonist radioligands used with positron emission tomography to assess dopamine release capacity. This study used an agonist radioligand with agonist challenge to assess dopamine release capacity and D2/D3 receptor availability in MDD. METHODS Twenty-six treatment-naive adults with MDD and 26 healthy comparison participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a probabilistic reinforcement task, and positron emission tomography with the D3-preferring ligand [11C]-(+)-PHNO, before and after oral dextroamphetamine. MDD participants then received pramipexole treatment for 6 weeks. RESULTS MDD participants had trend-level greater dopamine release capacity in the ventral striatum, as measured by percent change in baseline binding potential relative to nondisplaceable compartment (ΔBPND) (-34% vs. -30%; p = .072, d = 0.58) but no difference in D2/D3 receptor availability (BPND). Striatal and extrastriatal BPND and percent change in baseline BPND were not significantly associated with blood oxygen level-dependent response to reward prediction error in the ventral striatum, severity of depression and anhedonia, or antidepressant response to pramipexole (response rate = 72.7%). CONCLUSIONS [11C]-(+)-PHNO demonstrated high sensitivity to displacement by amphetamine-induced dopamine release, but dopamine release capacity and D2/D3 availability were not associated with ventral striatal activation to reward prediction error or clinical features, in this study powered to detect large effects. While a preponderance of indirect evidence implicates dopaminergic dysfunction in MDD, these findings suggest that presynaptic dopamine dysregulation may not be a feature of MDD or a prerequisite for treatment response to dopamine agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin R Schneier
- Division of Clinical Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
| | - Mark Slifstein
- Division of Translational Imaging, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexis E Whitton
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jenna Reinen
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Patrick J McGrath
- Division of Clinical Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Dan V Iosifescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Anissa Abi-Dargham
- Division of Translational Imaging, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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Köhler S, Schumann A, de la Cruz F, Wagner G, Bär KJ. Towards response success prediction: An integrative approach using high-resolution fMRI and autonomic indices. Neuropsychologia 2018; 119:182-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kasanova Z, Ceccarini J, Frank MJ, van Amelsvoort T, Booij J, van Duin E, Steinhart H, Vaessen T, Heinzel A, Mottaghy F, Myin-Germeys I. Intact striatal dopaminergic modulation of reward learning and daily-life reward-oriented behavior in first-degree relatives of individuals with psychotic disorder. Psychol Med 2018; 48:1909-1914. [PMID: 29233195 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717003476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in reward learning in psychotic disorders have been proposed to be linked to dysregulated subcortical dopaminergic (DA) neurotransmission, which in turn is a suspected mechanism for predisposition to psychosis. We therefore explored the striatal dopaminergic modulation of reward processing and its behavioral correlates in individuals at familial risk for psychosis. METHODS We performed a DA D2/3 receptor [18F]fallypride positron emission tomography scan during a probabilistic reinforcement learning task in 16 healthy first-degree relatives of patients with psychosis and 16 healthy volunteers, followed by a 6-day ecological momentary assessment study capturing reward-oriented behavior in the everyday life. RESULTS We detected significant reward-induced DA release in bilateral caudate, putamen and ventral striatum of both groups, with no group differences in its magnitude nor spatial extent. In both groups alike, greater extent of reward-induced DA release in all regions of interest was associated with better performance in the task, as well as in greater tendency to be engaged in reward-oriented behavior in the daily life. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest intact striatal dopaminergic modulation of reinforcement learning and reward-oriented behavior in individuals with familial predisposition to psychosis. Furthermore, this study points towards a key link between striatal reward-related DA release and pursuit of ecologically relevant rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Kasanova
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven - Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jenny Ceccarini
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging & Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael J Frank
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther van Duin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Henrietta Steinhart
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven - Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Vaessen
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven - Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Heinzel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven - Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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van Duin EDA, Kasanova Z, Hernaus D, Ceccarini J, Heinzel A, Mottaghy F, Mohammadkhani-Shali S, Winz O, Frank M, Beck MCH, Booij J, Myin-Germeys I, van Amelsvoort T. Striatal dopamine release and impaired reinforcement learning in adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:732-742. [PMID: 29703646 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a genetic disorder caused by a microdeletion on chromosome 22q11.2 and associated with an increased risk for developing psychosis. The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene is located in the deleted region and involved in dopamine (DA) breakdown. Impaired reinforcement learning (RL) is a recurrent feature in psychosis and thought to be related to abnormal striatal DA function. This study aims to examine RL and the potential association with striatal DA-ergic neuromodulation in 22q11DS. Twelve non-psychotic adults with 22q11DS and 16 healthy controls (HC) were included. A dopamine D2/3 receptor [18F]fallypride positron emission tomography (PET) scan was acquired while participants performed a modified version of the probabilistic stimulus selection task. RL-task performance was significantly worse in 22q11DS compared to HC. There were no group difference in striatal nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) and task-induced DA release. In HC, striatal task-induced DA release was positively associated with task performance, but no such relation was found in 22q11DS subjects. Moreover, higher caudate nucleus task-induced DA release was found in COMT Met hemizygotes relative to Val hemizygotes. This study is the first to show impairments in RL in 22q11DS. It suggests that potentially motivational impairments are not only present in psychosis, but also in this genetic high risk group. These deficits may be underlain by abnormal striatal task-induced DA release, perhaps as a consequence of COMT haplo-insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther D A van Duin
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Zuzana Kasanova
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven - Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dennis Hernaus
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, MD, USA
| | - Jenny Ceccarini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Division of Imaging and Pathology, University Hospital Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander Heinzel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Felix Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Oliver Winz
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Michael Frank
- Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Merrit C H Beck
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Booij
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven - Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thérèse van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Myin-Germeys I, Kasanova Z, Vaessen T, Vachon H, Kirtley O, Viechtbauer W, Reininghaus U. Experience sampling methodology in mental health research: new insights and technical developments. World Psychiatry 2018; 17:123-132. [PMID: 29856567 PMCID: PMC5980621 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mental health field, there is a growing awareness that the study of psychiatric symptoms in the context of everyday life, using experience sampling methodology (ESM), may provide a powerful and necessary addition to more conventional research approaches. ESM, a structured self-report diary technique, allows the investigation of experiences within, and in interaction with, the real-world context. This paper provides an overview of how zooming in on the micro-level of experience and behaviour using ESM adds new insights and additional perspectives to standard approaches. More specifically, it discusses how ESM: a) contributes to a deeper understanding of psychopathological phenomena, b) allows to capture variability over time, c) aids in identifying internal and situational determinants of variability in symptomatology, and d) enables a thorough investigation of the interaction between the person and his/her environment and of real-life social interactions. Next to improving assessment of psychopathology and its underlying mechanisms, ESM contributes to advancing and changing clinical practice by allowing a more fine-grained evaluation of treatment effects as well as by providing the opportunity for extending treatment beyond the clinical setting into real life with the development of ecological momentary interventions. Furthermore, this paper provides an overview of the technical details of setting up an ESM study in terms of design, questionnaire development and statistical approaches. Overall, although a number of considerations and challenges remain, ESM offers one of the best opportunities for personalized medicine in psychiatry, from both a research and a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inez Myin-Germeys
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zuzana Kasanova
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vaessen
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hugo Vachon
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivia Kirtley
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Viechtbauer
- Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- School for Mental Health & Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Epidemiology and Public Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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Vaughn KA, Hernandez AE. Becoming a balanced, proficient bilingual: Predictions from age of acquisition & genetic background. JOURNAL OF NEUROLINGUISTICS 2018; 46:69-77. [PMID: 30038460 PMCID: PMC6054315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroling.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variants related to dopamine functioning (e.g., the ANKK1/TaqIa polymorphism within the DRD2 gene and the Val158Met polymorphism within the COMT gene) have previously been shown to predict cognitive flexibility and learning (e.g., Colzato et al., 2010; Stelzel et al., 2010). Additionally, researchers have found that these genetic variants may also predict second language learning (Mamiya et al., 2016), although this relationship may change across the lifespan (Sugiura et al., 2011). The current study examined the role of the ANKK1/TaqIa and Val158Met polymorphisms along with age of second language acquisition (AoA) in order to predict levels of bilingual proficiency in Spanish-English bilinguals. Results indicated a three-way interaction such that the relationship between the genetic variants and bilingual proficiency depended on AoA. At earlier AoAs, having the genetic variant associated with higher levels of subcortical dopamine (A1+) predicted the highest levels of bilingual proficiency. At later AoAs, individuals with the genetic variant associated with cortical dopamine levels that are balanced between stability and flexibility (Val/Met) predicted the highest levels of bilingual proficiency. These results fit with theories about the development of language as a subcortical process early in life and as a cortical process later in life (Hernandez & Li, 2007), as well as the importance of both stability and flexibility in bilingual language development (Green & Abutalebi, 2013). Finally, this study raises questions about the direction of causality between bilingualism and cognitive control, which is central to the debate over the "bilingual advantage."
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Neural Correlates of Impaired Reward-Effort Integration in Remitted Bulimia Nervosa. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:868-876. [PMID: 29105662 PMCID: PMC5809799 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The integration of reward magnitudes and effort costs is required for an effective behavioral guidance. This reward-effort integration was reported to be dependent on dopaminergic neurotransmission. As bulimia nervosa has been associated with a dysregulated dopamine system and catecholamine depletion led to reward-processing deficits in remitted bulimia nervosa, the purpose of this study was to identify the role of catecholamine dysfunction and its relation to behavioral and neural reward-effort integration in bulimia nervosa. To investigate the interaction between catecholamine functioning and behavioral, and neural responses directly, 17 remitted bulimic (rBN) and 21 healthy individuals (HC) received alpha-methyl-paratyrosine (AMPT) over 24 h to achieve catecholamine depletion in a randomized, crossover study design. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and the monetary incentive delay (MID) task to assess reward-effort integration in relation to catecholaminergic neurotransmission at the behavioral and neural level. AMPT reduced the ability to integrate rewards and efforts effectively in HC participants. In contrast, in rBN participants, the reduced reward-effort integration was associated with illness duration in the sham condition and unrelated to catecholamine depletion. Regarding neural activation, AMPT decreased the reward anticipation-related neural activation in the anteroventral striatum. This decrease was associated with the AMPT-induced reduction of monetary earning in HC in contrast to rBN participants. Our findings contributed to the theory of a desensitized dopaminergic system in bulimia nervosa. A disrupted processing of reward magnitudes and effort costs might increase the probability of maintenance of bulimic symptoms.
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