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Synthesis of Atmospherically Stable Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles (nZVI) for the Efficient Catalytic Treatment of High-Strength Domestic Wastewater. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the fabrication of nZVI by the wet chemical technique in the presence of ethanol using ferric iron and sodium borohydride as the reducing agents under ambient conditions. The obtained nZVI particles are mainly in a zero-valent oxidation state and do not undergo significant oxidation for several weeks. The structural and morphological parameters of nZVI were investigated by using UV, XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, and DLS analysis. The optical nature, bandgap energy, and absorption edge were all revealed by the UV–visible spectrum. The phase development and crystallinity of nZVI particles were shown by the XRD pattern. The morphological investigation revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical with an average size of 34–110 nm by using ImageJ software, and the elemental analysis was analyzed using EDX. Furthermore, the catalytic treatment performance of domestic wastewater was evaluated in terms of pH, COD (chemical oxygen demand) solubilization, total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), phosphorous, and total nitrogen (TN) reduction under aerobic and anaerobic operating conditions. The effluent was subjected to a process evaluation with a different range (100–500 mg/L) of nZVI dosages. The COD solubilization and suspended solids reduction were significantly improved in the anaerobic condition in comparison to the aerobic condition. Furthermore, the effect of nZVI on phosphorous (PO43−) reduction was enhanced by the electrons of iron ions. The high concentration of nZVI dosing has a positive impact on COD solubilization and phosphorous removal regardless of the aeration condition with 400 mg/L of nZVI dosage.
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Treatment of Textile Wastewater Using Advanced Oxidation Processes—A Critical Review. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13243515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Textile manufacturing is a multi-stage operation process that produces significant amounts of highly toxic wastewater. Given the size of the global textile market and its environmental impact, the development of effective, economical, and easy-to handle alternative treatment technologies for textile wastewater is of significant interest. Based on the analysis of peer-reviewed publications over the last two decades, this paper provides a comprehensive review of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) on textile wastewater treatment, including their performances, mechanisms, advantages, disadvantages, influencing factors, and electrical energy per order (EEO) requirements. Fenton-based AOPs show the lowest median EEO value of 0.98 kWh m−3 order−1, followed by photochemical (3.20 kWh m−3 order−1), ozonation (3.34 kWh m−3 order−1), electrochemical (29.5 kWh m−3 order−1), photocatalysis (91 kWh m−3 order−1), and ultrasound (971.45 kWh m−3 order−1). The Fenton process can treat textile effluent at the lowest possible cost due to the minimal energy input and low reagent cost, while Ultrasound-based AOPs show the lowest electrical efficiency due to the high energy consumption. Further, to explore the applicability of these methods, available results from a full-scale implementation of the enhanced Fenton technology at a textile mill wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) are discussed. The WWTP operates at an estimated cost of CNY ¥1.62 m−3 (USD $0.23 m−3) with effluent meeting the China Grade I-A pollutant discharge standard for municipal WWTPs, indicating that the enhanced Fenton technology is efficient and cost-effective in industrial treatment for textile effluent.
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Shahzad HMA, Khan SJ, Zeshan, Jamal Y, Habib Z. Evaluating the performance of anaerobic moving bed bioreactor and upflow anaerobic hybrid reactor for treating textile desizing wastewater. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Gebregiorgis T. Photocatalytic and Biological Oxidation Treatment of Real Textile Wastewater. Mol Biotechnol 2021. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.89587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
With rapidly growing urbanization and industrialization in developing countries, a large volume of wastewater is produced from industries that contain chemicals generating high environmental risks, which could affect health and socio-economic activities if not treated properly. In this study, the discoloration of wastewater containing azo dyes by chemical oxidation process combined with a biological treatment was evaluated and applied on real textile wastewater generated from one Ethiopian industrial site. The use of TiO2 as a photocatalyst and the effect of the addition of H2O2 on color removal were investigated. Photocatalysis was followed by aerobic biological treatment and their combination resulted in 93.3 and 90.4% removal of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD), respectively. These results revealed that the combination of photocatalytic and biological treatment approach shows a promising potential for the removal of color from real textile wastewater.
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Application of an immobilized microbial consortium for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater: Batch-wise and continuous studies. Chin J Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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6
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Besharati Fard M, Mirbagheri SA, Pendashteh A, Alavi J. Biological treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater: kinetic modeling and prediction of effluent. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2019; 17:731-741. [PMID: 32030147 PMCID: PMC6985381 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-019-00389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study three modeling approaches consisting Modified Stover-Kincannon, multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPANN) and B-Spline quasi interpolation were applied in order to predict effluent of up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and also to find the reaction kinetics. At first run, the average total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) removal efficiency was 48.3% with hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 26 h and 63.8% with HRT of 37 h, at OLR of 0.77-1.66 kg TCOD/m3 d. At the second run, UASB reactor operated with OLR of 1.94-3.1 kg TCOD/m3 d and achieved the average TCOD removal efficiency of 64.74 and 72.48% with HRT of 26 and 37 h, respectively. The Modified Stover-Kincannon performed well in terms of kinetic determination with a high value of regression coefficient over 0.98. The B-Spline quasi interpolation and MLPANN indicated a great fit for effluent prediction with average R of 0.9984 and 0.9986, and MSE of 157.6050 and 129.7796, respectively; however, they gave no information about reactions occurred in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Besharati Fard
- Department of Civil Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Javad Alavi
- Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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Ajaz M, Shakeel S, Rehman A. Microbial use for azo dye degradation-a strategy for dye bioremediation. Int Microbiol 2019; 23:149-159. [PMID: 31741129 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-019-00103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Azo dyes are aromatic compounds with one to many -N=N- groups as well as the leading class of synthetic dyes utilised in commercial solicitations. Azo dyes, released in the environment through textile effluents, have hazardous effects on the aquatic as well as human life. Their persistence and discharge into the environment are becoming a global concern; thus, the remediation of these contaminants has acquired great attention. The current review comprehensively discusses some of the main aspects of biodegradation of azo dyes. A variety of physicochemical approaches has already been utilised for treatment of textile effluents counting filtration, coagulation and chemical flocculation. Though these conventional techniques are effective, yet they are lavish and also comprise formation of concentrated sludge that makes a secondary disposal problem. In this regard, microbial usage is an effective, economical, bio-friendly and ecologically benign approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehvish Ajaz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Sana Shakeel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, New Campus, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
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8
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Syam Babu D, Anantha Singh TS, Nidheesh PV, Suresh Kumar M. Industrial wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation process. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2019.1671866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Syam Babu
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - T. S. Anantha Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Technology, Pandit Deenadayal Petroleum University, Gujarat, India
| | - P. V. Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - M. Suresh Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
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Abdel-Ghani NT, El-Chaghaby GA, Rawash ESA, Lima EC. Magnetic activated carbon nanocomposite from Nigella sativa L. waste (MNSA) for the removal of Coomassie brilliant blue dye from aqueous solution: Statistical design of experiments for optimization of the adsorption conditions. J Adv Res 2018; 17:55-63. [PMID: 31193316 PMCID: PMC6526164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work was carried out to evaluate the removal of Coomassie brilliant blue dye by adsorption onto a magnetized activated carbon nanocomposite (MNSA) prepared from Nigella sativa L. (NS) waste. Different techniques, including infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption, were used to characterize MNSA to investigate its adsorption properties. Adsorption experiments were carried out by simultaneously optimizing four variables that usually present a strong effect in adsorption studies. A full 24 factorial design with 3 central points was used. The four independent variables were the initial pH of the dye solution (pH), the initial dye concentration (Co), the adsorbent mass (m), and the contact time (t). The sorption capacity (q) of the adsorbent and the percentage of dye removal (% Rem) from an aqueous solution were used as the responses of the factorial design. The results indicated that pH, Co, and m were essential factors for the overall optimization of both responses (q and % Rem) and that several interactions of two, three and four factors occurred. Based on the design of the experiments (DOE), the optimized conditions for adsorption were pH = 2.00, Co = 40.0 mg L-1, m = 30.0 mg, and t = 3.0 h. Under these conditions, both responses, q and % Rem, were maximized, with a desirability of 85.54%. The findings of this study could be useful for industrial wastewater treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour T Abdel-Ghani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | | | | | - Eder C Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970, P.O. Box 15003, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Nidheesh PV, Zhou M, Oturan MA. An overview on the removal of synthetic dyes from water by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 197:210-227. [PMID: 29366952 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater containing dyes are one of the major threats to our environment. Conventional methods are insufficient for the removal of these persistent organic pollutants. Recently much attention has been received for the oxidative removal of various organic pollutants by electrochemically generated hydroxyl radical. This review article aims to provide the recent trends in the field of various Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes (EAOPs) used for removing dyes from water medium. The characteristics, fundamentals and recent advances in each processes namely anodic oxidation, electro-Fenton, peroxicoagulation, fered Fenton, anodic Fenton, photoelectro-Fenton, sonoelectro-Fenton, bioelectro-Fenton etc. have been examined in detail. These processes have great potential to destroy persistent organic pollutants in aqueous medium and most of the studies reported complete removal of dyes from water. The great capacity of these processes indicates that EAOPs constitute a promising technology for the treatment of the dye contaminated effluents.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Nidheesh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Ecology Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Mehmet A Oturan
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement, (LGE), EA 4508, UPEM, 5 Bd Descartes, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée Cedex 2, France.
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12
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Verma AK, Bhunia P, Dash RR, Tyagi RD, Surampalli RY, Zhang TC. Effects of physico-chemical pre-treatment on the performance of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating textile wastewater: application of full factorial central composite design. CAN J CHEM ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya K. Verma
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Infrastructure; Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar; Odisha -751 013 India
| | - Puspendu Bhunia
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Infrastructure; Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar; Odisha -751 013 India
| | - Rajesh R. Dash
- Department of Civil Engineering, School of Infrastructure; Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar; Odisha -751 013 India
| | - Rajeshwar D. Tyagi
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique; Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement, Universite du Quebec; 490 rue de la Couronne Quebec QC G1K 9A9 Canada
| | - Rao Y. Surampalli
- Department of Civil Engineering; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; N104 SEC, PO Box 886105 Lincoln NE 68588-6105 USA
| | - Tian C. Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering; University of Nebraska-Lincoln; N104 SEC, PO Box 886105 Lincoln NE 68588-6105 USA
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Nasr M, Tawfik A, Ookawara S, Suzuki M, Kumari S, Bux F. Continuous biohydrogen production from starch wastewater via sequential dark-photo fermentation with emphasize on maghemite nanoparticles. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Nidheesh PV, Gandhimathi R. Effect of solution pH on the performance of three electrolytic advanced oxidation processes for the treatment of textile wastewater and sludge characteristics. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02958e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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15
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Xu F, Huang Z, Miao H, Ren H, Zhao M, Ruan W. Identical full-scale biogas-lift reactors (Blrs) with anaerobic granular sludge and residual activated sludge for brewery wastewater treatment and kinetic modeling. J Environ Sci (China) 2013; 25:2031-2040. [PMID: 24494489 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(12)60268-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two identical full-scale biogas-lift reactors treating brewery wastewater were inoculated with different types of sludge to compare their operational conditions, sludge characteristics, and kinetic models at a mesophilic temperature. One reactor (R1) started up with anaerobic granular sludge in 12 weeks and obtained a continuously average organic loading rate (OLR) of 7.4 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/(m3 x day), COD removal efficiency of 80%, and effluent COD of 450 mg/L. The other reactor (R2) started up with residual activated sludge in 30 weeks and granulation accomplished when the reactor reached an average OLR of 8.3 kg COD/(m3 x day), COD removal efficiency of 90%, and effluent COD of 240 mg/L. Differences in sludge characteristics, biogas compositions, and biogas-lift processes may be accounted for the superior efficiency of the treatment performance of R2 over R1. Grau second-order and modified StoverKincannon models based on influent and effluent concentrations as well as hydraulic retention time were successfully used to develop kinetic parameters of the experimental data with high correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.95), which further showed that R2 had higher treatment performance than R1. These results demonstrated that residual activated sludge could be used effectively instead of anaerobic granular sludge despite the need for a longer time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Xu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenxing Huang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hengfeng Miao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongyan Ren
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mingxing Zhao
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenquan Ruan
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Sun Y, Tang D, Chen H, Zhang F, Fan B, Zhang B, Fang S, Lu Q, Wei Y, Yin J, Yin X. Determination of gemcitabine and its metabolite in extracellular fluid of rat brain tumor by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using microdialysis sampling after intralesional chemotherapy. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2013; 919-920:10-9. [PMID: 23396113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxic agent Gemcitabine (2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine) has been proved to be effective in the treatment of malignant gliomas. A rapid, sensitive and specific ultra performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) assay using microdialysis sampling was developed and validated to quantify gemcitabine and its major metabolite 2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (dFdU) in Sprague-Dawley rat bearing 9L glioma. Microdialysis probes were surgically implanted into the area of rat brain tumor in the striatal hemisphere, and artificial cerebrospinal fluid was used as a perfusion medium. The samples were analyzed directly by UPLC-MS/MS after the addition of 5-bromouracil as an internal standard (IS). Separation was achieved on Agilent SB-C(18) (50 mm × 2.1mm I.D., 1.8 μm) column at 40 °C using an isocratic elution method with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid (4:96, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Detection was performed using electrospray ionization in positive ion selected reaction monitoring mode by monitoring the following ion transitions m/z 264.0→112.0 (gemcitabine), m/z 265.1→113.0 (dFdU) and m/z 190.9→173.8 (IS). The calibration curves of gemcitabine and dFdU were linear in the concentration range of 0.66-677.08 ng/mL and 0.31-312.00 ng/mL, respectively. The lower limit of quantification of gemcitabine and dFdU were 0.66 ng/mL and 0.31 ng/mL, respectively. The lower limit of detection of gemcitabine and dFdU were calculated to be 0.2 ng/mL and 0.1 ng/mL, respectively. All the validation data, such as intra- and inter-day precision, accuracy, selectivity and stability, were within the required limits. The validated method was simple, precise and accurate, which was successfully employed to determinate the concentrations of gemcitabine and dFdU in the extracellular fluid of rat brain tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Application, Xuzhou Medical College, No. 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
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Fia FRL, Matos AT, Borges AC, Fia R, Cecon PR. Treatment of wastewater from coffee bean processing in anaerobic fixed bed reactors with different support materials: performance and kinetic modeling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2012; 108:14-21. [PMID: 22609965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An evaluation was performed of three upflow anaerobic fixed bed reactors for the treatment of wastewater from coffee bean processing (WCP). The supports used were: blast furnace cinders, polyurethane foam and crushed stone with porosities of 53, 95 and 48%, respectively. The testing of these 139.5 L reactors consisted of increasing the COD of the influent (978; 2401 and 4545 mg L(-1)), while maintaining the retention time of 1.3 days. For the maximum COD applied, the reactor filled with foam presented removals of 80% (non-filtered samples) and 83% (filtered samples). The greater performance of the reactor filled with foam is attributed to its porosity, which promoted greater collection of biomass. From the results, it could be concluded that the reactors presented satisfactory performance, especially when using the foam as a support. Furthermore, the modified Stover-Kincannon and second order for multicomponent substrate degradation models were successfully used to develop a model of the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima R L Fia
- Department of Engineering, Federal University of Lavras, Campus Universitário, CP 3037, CEP 37200-000, Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Sarayu K, Sandhya S. Current Technologies for Biological Treatment of Textile Wastewater–A Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:645-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9716-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Niren P, Jigisha P. Textile wastewater treatment using a UF hollow-fibre submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR). ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2011; 32:1247-1257. [PMID: 21970167 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2010.534821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of a laboratory-scale submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) system for the treatment of synthetic textile wastewater containing disperse red dye. The SMBR system was run aerobically in a continuous flow mode at five different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 24,18,14.4,11.28 and 8.4 h respectively, with an average permeate flux of 20 L/(m2 x h). The performance of the system was not adversely affected by decreased HRT and the consequent rise in the food/microorganism ratio (0.07 to 0.14 g BOD/(g SS x d)) and organic loading rate (OLR: 0.4 to 1.24 BOD kg/(m3 x d)). The average removal rate for COD, BOD and colour were 92.33%, 93.69% and 91.36%, respectively. To maintain a stable flux and prevent fouling, the membrane was covered with a cylindrical wire-mesh cage, and routine chemical backwashing and chemical cleaning procedures were adapted. Transmembrane pressure increased from 29.47 to 58.42 kPa (0.29 to 0.58 bar) during each run of HRT. The results indicated that synthetic textile wastewater could be treated very effectively by the SMBR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Niren
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sarvajanik College of Engineering and Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
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Ordaz A, Oliveira CS, Alba J, Carrión M, Thalasso F. Determination of apparent kinetic and stoichiometric parameters in a nitrifying fixed-bed reactor by in situ pulse respirometry. Biochem Eng J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Gnanapragasam G, Senthilkumar M, Arutchelvan V, Velayutham T, Nagarajan S. Bio-kinetic analysis on treatment of textile dye wastewater using anaerobic batch reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:627-632. [PMID: 20800478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An anaerobic digestion technique was applied to textile dye wastewater aiming at the colour and COD removal. Pet bottles of 5 L capacity were used as reactor which contains methanogenic sludge of half a liter capacity which was used for the treatment of combined synthetic textile dye and starch wastewater at different mixing ratios of 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50 and 60:40 with initial COD concentrations as 3520, 3440, 3360, 3264 and 3144 mg L(-1), respectively. The reactor was maintained at room temperature (30±3°C) with initial pH of 7. The maximum COD and colour removal were 81.0% and 87.3% at an optimum mixing ratio of 30:70 of textile dye and starch wastewaters. Both Monod's and Haldane's models were adopted in this study. The kinetic constants of cell growth under Haldane's model were satisfactory when compared to Monod's model. The kinetic constants obtained by Haldane's model were found to be in the range of μmax=0.037-0.146 h(-1), Ks=651.04-1372.88 mg L(-1) and Ki=5681.81-18727.59 mg L(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gnanapragasam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, India.
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Debik E, Coskun T. Use of the Static Granular Bed Reactor (SGBR) with anaerobic sludge to treat poultry slaughterhouse wastewater and kinetic modeling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:2777-2782. [PMID: 19208468 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Revised: 12/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Poultry slaughterhouses discharge very high amount of wastewaters and these wastewaters can be treated successfully at a very low cost using anaerobic treatment. In this study, the Static Granular Bed Reactor (SGBR), a newly developed anaerobic process which is fully anaerobic granule, and another Static Granular Bed Reactor containing both anaerobic granular biomass and non-granular biomass were employed for the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. The objective of the use of two reactors having different types of anaerobic biomass is to evaluate whether anaerobic sludge could be used effectively instead of anaerobic granule, which is much more difficult to obtain than the other during the start up period. Average COD removal efficiencies were greater than 95% for both of the reactors. Furthermore, Grau second-order and modified Stover-Kincannon models were successfully used to develop a kinetic model of the experimental data with a high correlation coefficient (R(2)>0.95).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Debik
- Yildiz Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department, 34349 Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey.
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