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Effectiveness of fouling mechanism for bacterial immobilization in polyvinylidene fluoride membranes for biohydrogen fermentation. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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2
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Jabbari B, Jalilnejad E, Ghasemzadeh K, Iulianelli A. Recent Progresses in Application of Membrane Bioreactors in Production of Biohydrogen. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:membranes9080100. [PMID: 31405178 PMCID: PMC6723787 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9080100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biohydrogen is a clean and viable energy carrier generated through various green and renewable energy sources such as biomass. This review focused on the application of membrane bioreactors (MBRs), emphasizing the combination of these devices with biological processes, for bio-derived hydrogen production. Direct biophotolysis, indirect biophotolysis, photo-fermentation, dark fermentation, and conventional techniques are discussed as the common methods of biohydrogen production. The anaerobic process membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) technology is presented and discussed as a preferable choice for producing biohydrogen due to its low cost and the ability of overcoming problems posed by carbon emissions. General features of AnMBRs and operational parameters are comprehensively overviewed. Although MBRs are being used as a well-established and mature technology with many full-scale plants around the world, membrane fouling still remains a serious obstacle and a future challenge. Therefore, this review highlights the main benefits and drawbacks of MBRs application, also discussing the comparison between organic and inorganic membranes utilization to determine which may constitute the best solution for providing pure hydrogen. Nevertheless, research is still needed to overcome remaining barriers to practical applications such as low yields and production rates, and to identify biohydrogen as one of the most appealing renewable energies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Jabbari
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia 57166-17165, Iran
| | - Elham Jalilnejad
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia 57166-17165, Iran.
| | - Kamran Ghasemzadeh
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Urmia University of Technology, Urmia 57166-17165, Iran
| | - Adolfo Iulianelli
- Institute on Membrane Technology of the Italian National Research Council (CNR-ITM), via P. Bucci Cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy.
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3
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Saranga VK, Kumar PK, Verma K, Bhagawan D, Himabindu V, Narasu ML. Effect of Biohythane Production from Distillery Spent Wash with Addition of Landfill Leachate and Sewage Wastewater. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:30-43. [PMID: 31297754 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rapid development of the industrial and domestic sectors has led to the rise of several energy and environmental issues. In accordance with sustainable development and waste minimization issues, biohydrogen production along with biomethane production via two-stage fermentation process using microorganisms from renewable sources has received considerable attention. In the present study, biohythane production with simultaneous wastewater treatment was studied in a two-stage (Biohydrogen and Biomethane) fermentation process under anaerobic conditions. Optimization of high organic content (COD) distillery spent wash effluent (DSPW) with dilution using sewage wastewater was carried out. Addition of leachate as a nutrient source was also studied for effective biohythane production. The experimental results showed that the maximum biohythane production at optimized concentration (substrate concentration of 60 g/L with 30% of leachate as a nutrient source) was 67 mmol/L bio-H2 and with bio-CH4 production of 42 mmol/L. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Krishna Saranga
- Centre for Biotechnology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500085, India
| | - P Kiran Kumar
- Centre for Alternative Energy Options, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500085, India
| | - Kavita Verma
- Centre for Alternative Energy Options, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500085, India
| | - D Bhagawan
- Centre for Alternative Energy Options, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500085, India
| | - V Himabindu
- Centre for Alternative Energy Options, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500085, India.
| | - M Lakshmi Narasu
- Centre for Biotechnology, Institute of Science and Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500085, India
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Aslam M, Ahmad R, Yasin M, Khan AL, Shahid MK, Hossain S, Khan Z, Jamil F, Rafiq S, Bilad MR, Kim J, Kumar G. Anaerobic membrane bioreactors for biohydrogen production: Recent developments, challenges and perspectives. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:452-464. [PMID: 30145004 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biohydrogen as one of the most appealing energy vector for the future represents attractive avenue in alternative energy research. Recently, variety of biohydrogen production pathways has been suggested to improve the key features of the process. Nevertheless, researches are still needed to overcome remaining barriers to practical applications such as low yields and production rates. Considering practicality aspects, this review emphasized on anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) for biological hydrogen production. Recent advances and emerging issues associated with biohydrogen generation in AnMBR technology are critically discussed. Several techniques are highlighted that are aimed at overcoming these barriers. Moreover, environmental and economical potentials along with future research perspectives are addressed to drive biohydrogen technology towards practicality and economical-feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Bioenergy & Environmental Sustainable Membrane Technology (BEST) Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Bioenergy & Environmental Sustainable Membrane Technology (BEST) Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Namgu, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Yasin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Bioenergy & Environmental Sustainable Membrane Technology (BEST) Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asim Laeeq Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan; Bioenergy & Environmental Sustainable Membrane Technology (BEST) Research Group, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Shahid
- Department of Environmental & Chemical Convergence Engineering, Daegu University, Daegudae-ro 201, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Shakhawat Hossain
- Department of Unmanned Vehicle Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Zakir Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farrukh Jamil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sikander Rafiq
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Inha University, Namgu, 100 Inha-ro, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, Box 8600 Forus, 4036 Stavanger, Norway.
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5
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Enhancing bio-hydrogen production from sodium formate by hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus onnurineus NA1. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 38:989-93. [PMID: 25537236 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hyperthermophilic archaeon, Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 was reported to grow on formate producing hydrogen (H2). In this study, to sustain high H2 production rate and demonstrate the feasibility of mass production of H2, high cell density cultivation of T. onnurineus NA1 on sodium formate was employed under optimized conditions. From batch cultures, it was observed that the salinity of medium, significantly changed by the addition of formate salt and pH-adjusting agent, crucially affected cell growth and H2 production. With salinity carefully controlled between 3.7 and 4.6 %, 400 mM sodium formate was found to be an optimal initial concentration for maximizing cell growth-associated H2 production. Under optimal conditions, the repeated batch culture with cell recycling showed high cell density of OD600 of 1.7 in 3 and 30 L bioreactor, and the volumetric H2 production rate was enhanced up to 235.7 mmol L(-1) h(-1), which is one of the highest values reported to date.
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6
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Controlled continuous bio-hydrogen production using different biogas release strategies. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:1737-51. [PMID: 24879593 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dark fermentation for bio-hydrogen (bio-H2) production is an easily operated and environmentally friendly technology. However, low bio-H2 production yield has been reported as its main drawback. Two strategies have been followed in the past to improve this fact: genetic modifications and adjusting the reaction conditions. In this paper, the second one is followed to regulate the bio-H2 release from the reactor. This operating condition alters the metabolic pathways and increased the bio-H2 production twice. Gas release was forced in the continuous culture to study the equilibrium in the mass transfer between the gaseous and liquid phases. This equilibrium depends on the H2, CO2, and volatile fatty acids production. The effect of reducing the bio-H2 partial pressure (bio-H2 pp) to enhance bio-H2 production was evaluated in a 30 L continuous stirred tank reactor. Three bio-H2 release strategies were followed: uncontrolled, intermittent, and constant. In the so called uncontrolled fermentation, without bio-H2 pp control, a bio-H2 molar yield of 1.2 mol/mol glucose was obtained. A sustained low bio-H2 pp of 0.06 atm increased the bio-H2 production rate from 16.1 to 108 mL/L/h with a stable bio-H2 percentage of 55% (v/v) and a molar yield of 1.9 mol/mol glucose. Biogas release enhanced bio-H2 production because lower bio-H2 pp, CO2 concentration, and reduced volatile fatty acids accumulation prevented the associated inhibitions and bio-H2 consumption.
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7
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Bakonyi P, Nemestóthy N, Simon V, Bélafi-Bakó K. Fermentative hydrogen production in anaerobic membrane bioreactors: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 156:357-363. [PMID: 24507873 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactor design considerations are crucial aspects of dark fermentative hydrogen production. During the last decades, many types of reactors have been developed and used in order to drive biohydrogen technology towards practicality and economical-feasibility. In general, the ultimate aim is to improve the key features of the process, namely the H2 yields and generation rates. Among the various configurations, the traditional, completely stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) are still the most routinely employed ones. However, due to their limitations, there is a progress to develop more reliable alternatives. One of the research directions points to systems combining membranes, which are called as anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs). The aim of this paper is to summarize and highlight the recent biohydrogen related work done on AnMBRs and moreover to evaluate their performances and potentials in comparison with their conventional CSTR counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bakonyi
- Research Institute on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Egyetem ut 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - N Nemestóthy
- Research Institute on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Egyetem ut 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - V Simon
- Research Institute on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Egyetem ut 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - K Bélafi-Bakó
- Research Institute on Bioengineering, Membrane Technology and Energetics, University of Pannonia, Egyetem ut 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary.
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8
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Rapid Biogas Production by Compact Multi-Layer Membrane Bioreactor: Efficiency of Synthetic Polymeric Membranes. ENERGIES 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/en6126211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ylitervo P, Akinbomia J, Taherzadeha MJ. Membrane bioreactors' potential for ethanol and biogas production: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:1711-1723. [PMID: 24350429 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.813559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Companies developing and producing membranes for different separation purposes, as well as the market for these, have markedly increased in numbers over the last decade. Membrane and separation technology might well contribute to making fuel ethanol and biogas production from lignocellulosic materials more economically viable and productive. Combining biological processes with membrane separation techniques in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) increases cell concentrations extensively in the bioreactor. Such a combination furthermore reduces product inhibition during the biological process, increases product concentration and productivity, and simplifies the separation of product and/or cells. Various MBRs have been studied over the years, where the membrane is either submerged inside the liquid to be filtered, or placed in an external loop outside the bioreactor. All configurations have advantages and drawbacks, as reviewed in this paper. The current review presents an account of the membrane separation technologies, and the research performed on MBRs, focusing on ethanol and biogas production. The advantages and potentials of the technology are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Ylitervo
- School of Engineering, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
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10
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Stuckey DC. Recent developments in anaerobic membrane reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 122:137-148. [PMID: 22749372 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic membrane reactors (AnMBRs) have recently evolved from aerobic MBRs, with the membrane either external or submerged within the reactor, and can achieve high COD removals (~98%) at hydraulic retention times (HRTs) as low as 3 h. Since membranes stop biomass being washed out, they can enhance performance with inhibitory substrates, at psychrophilic/thermophilic temperatures, and enable nitrogen removal via Anammox. Fouling is important, but addition of activated carbon or resins/precipitants can remove soluble microbial products (SMPs)/colloids and enhance flux. Due to their low energy use and solids production, and solids free effluent, they can enhance nutrient and water recycling. Nevertheless, more work is needed to: compare fouling between aerobic and anaerobic systems; determine how reactor operation influences fouling; evaluate the effect of different additives on membrane fouling; determine whether nitrogen removal can be incorporated into AnMBRs; recover methane solubility from low temperatures effluents; and, establish sound mass and energy balances.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Stuckey
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BY, UK.
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11
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He Y, Bagley DM, Leung KT, Liss SN, Liao BQ. Recent advances in membrane technologies for biorefining and bioenergy production. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:817-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Jung KW, Kim DH, Kim SH, Shin HS. Bioreactor design for continuous dark fermentative hydrogen production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:8612-8620. [PMID: 21489782 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Dark fermentative H2 production (DFHP) has received increasing attention in recent years due to its high H2 production rate (HPR) as well as the versatility of the substrates used in the process. For most studies in this field, batch reactors have been applied due to their simple operation and efficient control; however, continuous DFHP operation is necessary from economical and practical points of view. Continuous systems can be classified into two categories, suspended and immobilized bioreactors, according to the life forms of H2 producing bacteria (HPB) used in the reactor. This paper reviews operational parameters for bioreactor design including pH, temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and H2 partial pressure. Also, in this review, various bioreactor configurations and performance parameters including H2 yield (HY), HPR, and specific H2 production rate (SHPR) are evaluated and presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Won Jung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Liu Q, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Zhao A, Chen S, Qian G, Xu ZP. Optimization of fermentative biohydrogen production by response surface methodology using fresh leachate as nutrient supplement. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:8661-8668. [PMID: 21470854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fresh compost leachate was used as a nutrients source to facilitate anaerobic fermentative hydrogen production from glucose inoculated with mixed culture. The optimum condition for hydrogen production was predicted by response surface methodology (RSM). The model showed the maximum cumulative hydrogen volume (469.74 mL) and molar hydrogen yield (1.60 mol H2/mol glucose) could be achieved at 6174.93 mg/L glucose and 3383.20 mg COD/L leachate. According to the predicted optimal condition, four tests were carried out to validate the predicted values and evaluate the leachate's effect on co-fermentation with juice wastewater. A maximum cumulative hydrogen volume of 587.05 ± 15.08 mL was obtained in co-fermentation test, and the molar hydrogen yield reached 2.06 ± 0.06 mol H2/mol glucose. The co-fermentation of fresh leachate and glucose/juice wastewater was a combination of acetic acid and butyric acid type-fermentation. The results demonstrated that leachate can serve as a nutrients source for biohydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
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Luo G, Karakashev D, Xie L, Zhou Q, Angelidaki I. Long-term effect of inoculum pretreatment on fermentative hydrogen production by repeated batch cultivations: Homoacetogenesis and methanogenesis as competitors to hydrogen production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:1816-27. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.23122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Forrez I, Carballa M, Fink G, Wick A, Hennebel T, Vanhaecke L, Ternes T, Boon N, Verstraete W. Biogenic metals for the oxidative and reductive removal of pharmaceuticals, biocides and iodinated contrast media in a polishing membrane bioreactor. WATER RESEARCH 2011; 45:1763-73. [PMID: 21163512 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and personal care products, biocides and iodinated contrast media (ICM) are persistent compounds, which appear in ng to μg L(-1) in secondary effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs). In this work, biogenic metals manganese oxides (BioMnOx) and bio-palladium (Bio-Pd) were applied in lab-scale membrane bioreactors (MBR) as oxidative and reductive technologies, respectively, to remove micropollutants from STP-effluent. From the 29 substances detected in the STP-effluent, 14 were eliminated in the BioMnOx-MBR: ibuprofen (>95%), naproxen (>95%), diuron (>94%), codeine (>93%), N-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole (92%), chlorophene (>89%), diclofenac (86%), mecoprop (81%), triclosan (>78%), clarithromycin, (75%), iohexol (72%), iopromide (68%), iomeprol (63%) and sulfamethoxazole (52%). The putative removal mechanisms were the chemical oxidation by BioMnOx and/or the biological removal by Pseudomonas putida and associated bacteria in the enriched biofilm. Yet, the removal rates (highest value: 2.6 μg diclofenac L(-1) d(-1)) need to improve by a factor 10 in order to be competitive with ozonation. ICM, persistent towards oxidative techniques, were successfully dehalogenated with a novel reductive technique using Bio-Pd as a nanosized catalyst in an MBR. Iomeprol, iopromide and iohexol were removed for >97% and the more recalcitrant diatrizoate for 90%. The conditions favorable for microbial H(2)-production enabling the charging of the Pd catalyst, were shown to be important for the removal of ICM. Overall, the results indicate that Mn oxide and Pd coupled to microbial catalysis offer novel potential for advanced water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Forrez
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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