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Hickmann FMW, Salahshournia B, Andretta I, Létourneau-Montminy MP, Rajagopal R. Impact of lowering nitrogen content in pig manure through low crude protein diets on anaerobic digestion process stability, biogas yields, and digestate composition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 953:175957. [PMID: 39226967 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 08/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Lowering crude protein in pig diets can reduce nitrogen (N) excretion and alter manure characteristics. Anaerobic digestion (AD) offers potential for converting pig manure into biogas and bio-based fertilizers (i.e., digestate). However, limited research exists on the effects of N content in pig manure on AD when pigs are fed diets with varying crude protein levels. This study investigated how lowering N content in pig manure through low crude protein diets may affect AD process stability, biogas generation, and digestate properties. Manures from different dietary treatments, named as control (CON), low N (LN), and very low N (VLN), with Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen concentrations of 5.87, 5.42, and 5.15 g/L, respectively, were investigated. Daily biogas production, composition (CH4, CO2, and H2S), and digestate properties were monitored over 13 fed-batch cycles (25 ± 4 days per cycle). The experiment was conducted at 20 ± 1 °C, a condition suited for milder climate regions, using six single-stage digesters operated in sequencing fed-batch mode. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using PROC MIXED with repeated measures. Results showed that the differences in N content in pig manure due to the three dietary treatments had a limited impact on biogas generation, with specific methane yields remaining similar over time. CH4 concentrations remained stable between 60 and 65 %, ensuring high-quality biogas despite dietary variations. Differences between treatments became more pronounced with increased organic loading rates (OLRs) due to variations in the amount of volatile solids fed. AD also remained stable (Total Volatile Fatty Acids/Total Alkalinity <0.25) even at an OLR of 2.15 g of chemical oxygen demand L-1 day-1, highlighting AD's robustness at lower temperatures. Digestate samples contained essential minerals beneficial for plant growth. More research is needed to explore varied manure compositions and feeding strategies to better understand the interactions of animal nutrition with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe M W Hickmann
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Behrang Salahshournia
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Ines Andretta
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
- Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Rajinikanth Rajagopal
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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Tian T, Yang X, Liu S, Han Z, Qiao W, Li J, Yang M, Zhang Y. Hyper-thermophilic anaerobic pretreatment enhances the removal of transferable oxazolidinone and phenicol cross-resistance gene optrA in enterococci. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 167:92-102. [PMID: 37245400 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of florfenicol in poultry industry results in the emergence of optrA gene, which also confers resistance to clinically important antibiotic linezolid. This study investigated the occurrence, genetic environments, and removal of optrA in enterococci in mesophilic (37 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) anaerobic digestion systems, and a hyper-thermophilic (70 °C) anaerobic pretreatment system for chicken waste. A total of 331 enterococci were isolated and analyzed for antibiotic resistance against linezolid and florfenicol. The optrA gene was frequently detected in enterococci from chicken waste (42.7%) and effluents from mesophilic (72%) and thermophilic (56.8%) reactors, but rarely detected in the hyper-thermophilic (5.8%) effluent. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that optrA-carrying Enterococcus faecalis sequence type (ST) 368 and ST631 were the dominant clones in chicken waste, and they remained dominant in mesophilic and thermophilic effluents, respectively. The plasmid-borne IS1216E-fexA-optrA-erm(A)-IS1216E was the core genetic element for optrA in ST368, whereas chromosomal Tn554-fexA-optrA was the key one in ST631. IS1216E might play a key role in horizontal transfer of optrA due to its presence in different clones. Hyper-thermophilic pretreatment removed enterococci with plasmid-borne IS1216E-fexA-optrA-erm(A)-IS1216E. A hyper-thermophilic pretreatment is recommended for chicken waste to mitigate dissemination of optrA from animal waste to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shihai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiuyi Li
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Lee SA, Kim M, Kim HS, Ahn CY. Extra benefit of microalgae in raw piggery wastewater treatment: pathogen reduction. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:142. [PMID: 36045433 PMCID: PMC9429445 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01339-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monitoring microbial communities especially focused on pathogens in newly developed wastewater treatment systems is recommended for public health. Thus, we investigated the microbial community shift in a pilot-scale microalgal treatment system for piggery wastewater. RESULTS Microalgae showed reasonable removal efficiencies for COD and ammonia, resulting in higher transparency of the final effluent. Metagenome and microbial diversity analyses showed that heterotrophic microalgal cultivation barely changed the bacterial community; however, the mixotrophic microalgal cultivation induced a sudden change. In addition, an evaluation of risk groups (RGs) of bacteria showed that raw piggery wastewater included abundant pathogens, and the microalgal treatment of the raw piggery wastewater decreased the RG2 pathogens by 63%. However, co-cultivation of microalgae and the most dominant RG2 pathogen, Oligella, showed no direct effects between them. CONCLUSIONS Thus, a microbial interaction network was constructed to elucidate algae-bacteria interrelationships, and the decrease in Oligella was indirectly connected with microalgal growth via Brevundimonas, Sphingopyxis, and Stenotrophomonas. In a validation test, 3 among 4 connecting bacterial strains exhibited inhibition zones against Oligella. Therefore, we showed that microalgal wastewater treatment causes a decrease in RG2 bacteria, which is an indirect impact of microalgae associated with bacteria. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ah Lee
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Safety Group, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) Europe, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Minsik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yong Ahn
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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Subirats J, Sharpe H, Topp E. Fate of Clostridia and other spore-forming Firmicute bacteria during feedstock anaerobic digestion and aerobic composting. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 309:114643. [PMID: 35151135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic spore-forming Firmicutes are commonly present in animal and human wastes that are used as fertilizers in crop production. Pre-treatments of organic waste prior to land application offer the potential to abate enteric microorganisms, and therefore reduce the risk of contamination of crops or adjacent water resources with pathogens carried in these materials. The inactivation and reduction of gram-positive spore formers such as Clostridium spp., Clostridioides spp. and Bacillus spp. from animal and human waste can be challenging given the recalcitrance of the spores these bacteria produce. Given the significance of these organisms to human and animal health, information concerning spore-forming bacteria inactivation during anaerobic digestion (AD) and aerobic composting (AC) is required as the basis for recommending safe organic waste management practices. In this review, an assessment of the inactivation of spore-forming Firmicutes during AD and AC was conducted to provide guidance for practical management of organic matrices of animal or human origin. Temperature and pH may be the main factors contributing to the inactivation of spore-forming Firmicutes during batch lab-scale AD (log reduction <0.5-5 log). In continuous digesters, wet AD systems do not effectively inactivate spore-forming Firmicutes even under thermopholic conditions (log reduction -1.09 - 0.98), but dry AD systems could be a feasible management practice to inactivate spore-forming Firmicutes from organic materials with high solid content (log reduction 1.77-3.1). In contrast, composting is an effective treatment to abate spore-forming Firmicutes (log reduction 1.7-6.5) when thermophilic conditions last at least six consecutive days. Temperature, moisture content and composting scale are the key operating conditions influencing the inactivation of spore-forming Firmicutes during composting. Where possible, undertaking AD with subsequent composting to ensure the biosafety of digestate before its downstream processing and recycling is recommended to abate recalcitrant bacteria in digestate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Subirats
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Hannah Sharpe
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edward Topp
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Lin M, Ren L, Mdondo Wandera S, Liu Y, Dong R, Qiao W. Enhancing pathogen inactivation in pig manure by introducing thermophilic and hyperthermophilic hygienization in a two-stage anaerobic digestion process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 144:123-131. [PMID: 35344788 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conventional mesophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) is widely used to treat animal manure, but pathogen inactivation remains a significant challenge. Thermophilic and hyperthermophilic hydrolysis pretreatment was thus introduced as a hygienization step in a two-stage anaerobic digestion process. Results from 100-day experiments showed culturable Escherichia coli (E. coli) reduction was up to 6.9 log10 through a hygienization step, but RT-qPCR tests showed much less reduction in viable E. coli. The difference between viable and culturable cells revealed the complexity in pathogen inactivation. High-throughput sequencing indicated that the second stage in the two-stage AD further reduced the relative abundance of pathogens, including Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Acinetobacter, while Clostridium_sensu_stricto still exhibited high relative abundance. Thermophilic hygienization induced a 6.7% increment in methane production, while hyperthermophilic pretreatment showed minimal effect on methane production. Focusing on the energy recovery and environmental safety point of view, the introduction of an integrated system incorporating the thermophilic and two-stage anaerobic process is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lin
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Research & Development Center for Efficient Production and Comprehensive Utilization of Biobased Gaseous Fuels, National Development and Reform Committee (BGFuels), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lijuan Ren
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Research & Development Center for Efficient Production and Comprehensive Utilization of Biobased Gaseous Fuels, National Development and Reform Committee (BGFuels), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Simon Mdondo Wandera
- Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Box 62000, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yi Liu
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China.
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Research & Development Center for Efficient Production and Comprehensive Utilization of Biobased Gaseous Fuels, National Development and Reform Committee (BGFuels), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; Research & Development Center for Efficient Production and Comprehensive Utilization of Biobased Gaseous Fuels, National Development and Reform Committee (BGFuels), Beijing 100083, China.
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6
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Lin M, Wang A, Ren L, Qiao W, Wandera SM, Dong R. Challenges of pathogen inactivation in animal manure through anaerobic digestion: a short review. Bioengineered 2022; 13:1149-1161. [PMID: 35258411 PMCID: PMC8805936 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2017717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal manure is the main source of bioenergy production by anaerobic digestion (AD). However, the pathogenic bacteria in manure may pose a high risk to human health by contaminating the environment if not effectively inactivated during AD. Worldwide, more than 20,000 biogas plants are running for the treatment of animal manure. AD has been playing the important role in establishing a circular economy in the agricultural sector and may contribute to the United Nations sustainable development goal (UN SDG). Nevertheless, whether AD is a reliable approach for pathogens inactivation has been challenged. A comprehensive understanding of the coping mechanisms of pathogens with adverse conditions and the challenges of establishing the AD process to inactivate effectively pathogens are yet to be analyzed. In this review, the diversity and resistance of pathogens in animal manure are summarized. The efficiencies and the difficulties of their inactivations in AD are also analyzed. In particular, three forms of pathogens i.e. sporing-forming pathogens, viable but non-culturable (VBNC) pathogens, and persistent pathogens are discussed. The factors influencing the pathogens’ inactivation and AD efficiencies are analyzed. The trade-off between energy production and pathogens inactivation in an AD system was consequently pointed out. This review concluded that the development of anaerobic processes should meet the goals of high efficient bioenergy production and deep hygienization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lin
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Ren
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Simon Mdondo Wandera
- Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Renjie Dong
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Tian T, Qiao W, Han Z, Wen X, Yang M, Zhang Y. Effect of temperature on the persistence of fecal bacteria in ambient anaerobic digestion systems treating swine manure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148302. [PMID: 34126495 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect of temperature on the persistence of fecal bacteria by multiple approaches in ambient anaerobic digestion systems treating swine manure. Both lab-scale (15 °C, 20 °C, and 25 °C) and field (26 °C on average) studies were conducted by high-throughput sequencing and culture-based methods. A community-wide Bayesian SourceTracker method was used to identify and estimate the fecal bacterial proportion in anaerobic effluent. High proportional contributions of fecal bacteria were observed in effluent at 15 °C (73%) and 20 °C (75%), while less was found at 25 °C (19%). This was further verified by a field study (23%) and an anaerobic reactor study at 37 °C (0.01%). To explore the potential reasons for differences in fecal bacterial proportions, bacterial taxa were divided into "lost" and "survivor" taxa in manure waste by LEfSe. The "survivor" taxa abundance was positively correlated with SourceTracker proportion (r = 0.913, P = 0.001), but negatively correlated with temperature (r = -0.826, P = 0.006). In addition, biomarkers in effluent were divided into "enriched" and "de novo" taxa. "Enriched" taxa, including acidogenic and acetogenic bacteria, were found at all temperatures, whereas taxa related to organic degradation were multiplied "de novo" at 25 °C. Variation partition analysis showed that temperature could explain 30% of variations in effluent bacterial community. Moreover, coliforms isolated from the manure and effluents at 15 °C and 20 °C were also phylogenetically related. This study provided comprehensive insight into the impact of temperature on the persistence of fecal bacteria in anaerobic effluent, with temperatures over 25 °C recommended to reduce fecal pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianghua Wen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Zhang M, Liu YS, Zhao JL, Liu WR, Chen J, Zhang QQ, He LY, Ying GG. Variations of antibiotic resistome in swine wastewater during full-scale anaerobic digestion treatment. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106694. [PMID: 34130169 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digesters have been widely used to treat wastewaters in livestock farms. With the increasing risk of antibiotic resistance originated from livestock husbandry, removal of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) via anaerobic digesters deserved more attention. Here we investigated the removal of antibiotics and ARGs in swine wastewater by three on-farm full-scale anaerobic digesters, including buried biogas digester (BBD), up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and high density polyethylene covered biogas digester (HDPE-BD). Variations of antibiotic resistome in swine wastewater were further revealed by metagenomic sequencing. Results showed the removal efficiencies for antibiotics, ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) varied in the three digesters, ranging from 65.1% to 98.1%, 3.5%-71.0% and 26.9%-77.2%, respectively. In general, UASB and HDPE-BD showed better removal efficiencies than BBD. However, enrichment of metal resistance genes (MRGs) was noted in UASB. Pathogens could not be effectively removed by all of the three digesters. What's more, accumulation of pathogens was found in UASB (removal efficiencies: -8.5%-13.6%). Bacterial community succession, horizontal genetic transfer and biocide and metal resistance genes (BMRGs) profiles jointly structured the variation of antibiotic resistome during anaerobic digestion. A total of 334 high-quality bins were identified from swine wastewater, 96 of which belonged to phylum of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria carried ARGs. Proteobacteria was the dominant multi-drug resistant flora. Meanwhile, ARG-carrying pathogens (Bacteroides and Mycolicibacter) were found in the swine wastewater, suggesting a potential threat to human and animal health. The findings from this study showed that HDPE-BD is the most eco-friendly and effective anaerobic digester in controlling risks from antibiotic resistance determinants in swine wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wang-Rong Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Health Risk Assessment, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the PRC, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Life and Health of River&Lake, Pearl River Hydraulic Research Institute, Pearl River Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, Guangzhou 510611, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liang-Ying He
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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9
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Dębowski M, Korzeniewska E, Kazimierowicz J, Zieliński M. Efficiency of sweet whey fermentation with psychrophilic methanogens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:49314-49323. [PMID: 33934309 PMCID: PMC8410717 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14095-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sweet whey is a waste product from the dairy industry that is difficult to manage. High hopes are fostered regarding its neutralization in the methane fermentation. An economically viable alternative to a typical mesophilic fermentation seems to be the process involving psychrophilic bacteria isolated from the natural environment. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of exploiting psychrophilic microorganisms in methane fermentation of sweet whey. The experiments were carried out under dynamic conditions using Bio Flo 310 type flow-through anaerobic bioreactors. The temperature inside the reactors was 10 ± 1 °C. The HRT was 20 days and the OLR was 0.2 g COD/dm3/day. The study yielded 132.7 ± 13.8 mL biogas/gCODremoved. The CH4 concentration in the biogas was 32.7 ± 1.6%, that of H2 was 8.7 ± 4.7%, whereas that of CO2 reached 58.42 ± 2.47%. Other gases were also determined, though in lower concentrations. The COD and BOD5 removal efficiency reached 21.4 ± 0.6% and 17.6 ± 1.0%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Dębowski
- Department of Environment Engineering, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Kazimierowicz
- Department of Water Supply and Sewage Systems, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Marcin Zieliński
- Department of Environment Engineering, Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-720, Olsztyn, Poland
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On-Farm Anaerobic Digestion of Dairy Manure Reduces the Abundance of Antibiotic Resistance-Associated Gene Targets and the Potential for Plasmid Transfer. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0298020. [PMID: 33931422 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02980-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the impact of on-farm anaerobic digestion on the abundance of enteric bacteria, antibiotic resistance-associated gene targets, and the horizontal transfer potential of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes. Samples of raw and digested manure were obtained from six commercial dairy farms in Ontario, Canada. Digestion significantly abated populations of viable coliforms in all six farms. Conjugative transfer of plasmids carrying β-lactamase genes from manure bacteria enriched overnight with buffered peptone containing 4 mg/liter cefotaxime into a β-lactam-sensitive green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled Escherichia coli recipient strain was evaluated in patch matings. Digestion significantly decreased the frequency of the horizontal transfer of ESBL genes. Twenty-five transconjugants were sequenced, revealing six distinct plasmids, ranging in size from 40 to 180 kb. A variety of ESBL genes were identified: blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-27, blaCTX-M-55, and blaPER-1. blaCTX-M-15 was the most prevalent ESBL gene detected on plasmids harbored by transconjugants. Various mobile genetic elements were found located proximal to resistance genes. Ten gene targets, including sul1, str(A), str(B), erm(B), erm(F), intI1, aadA, incW, blaPSE, and blaOXA-20, were quantified by quantitative PCR on a subset of 18 raw and 18 digested samples. Most targets were significantly more abundant in raw manure; however, erm(B) and erm(F) targets were more abundant in digested samples. Overall, on-farm digestion of dairy manure abated coliform bacteria, a number of antibiotic resistance-associated gene targets, and the potential for in vitro conjugation of plasmids conferring resistance to extended-spectrum β-lactams and other classes of antibiotics into E. coli CV601. IMPORTANCE Using livestock manure for fertilization can entrain antibiotic-resistant bacteria into soil. Manure on some dairy farms is anaerobically digested before being land applied. Recommending the widespread implementation of the practice should be founded on understanding the impact of this treatment on various endpoints of human health concern. Although lab-scale anaerobic treatments have shown potential for reducing the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes, there are very few data from commercial farms. Anaerobic digestion of manure on six dairy farms efficiently abated coliform bacteria, E. coli, and a majority of antibiotic resistance-associated gene targets. In addition, the conjugation potential of plasmids carrying ESBL genes into introduced E. coli strain CV601 was reduced. Overall, anaerobic digestion abated coliform bacteria, the genes that they carry, and the potential for ESBL-carrying plasmid transfer.
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Jiang F, Wang S, Zhang Y, Ma S, Huang Y, Fan H, Li Q, Wang H, Wang A, Liu H, Cheng L, Deng Y, Fan W. Variation of Metagenome From Feedstock to Digestate in Full-Scale Biogas Plants. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:660225. [PMID: 34122376 PMCID: PMC8193575 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.660225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) has been widely used to resolve the problem of organic wastes worldwide. Previous studies showed that the types of feedstock have a great influence on the AD microbiome, and a huge number of AD populations are migrated from upstream feedstocks. However, the changes of microbial compositions from feedstock to AD digestate are still less understood. We collected feedstock samples from 56 full-scale biogas plants, generated 1,716 Gb feedstock metagenomic data in total, and constructed the first comprehensive microbial gene catalog of feedstock containing 25.2 million genes. Our result indicated that the predominant phyla in feedstock are Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria, which is similar to that in AD digestate, and the microbial diversity of feedstock samples is higher than that of AD digestate samples. In addition, the relative abundance of most genes involved in methanogenesis increase from feedstock to AD digestate. Besides, the amount of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and pathogenic bacteria in AD are effectively reduced compared to feedstocks. This study provides a comprehensive microbial gene catalog of feedstock, and deepens the understanding of variation of microbial communities from feedstock to AD digestate of full-scale AD. The results also suggest the potential of AD to reduce the level of ARGs and pathogens in animal manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shichun Ma
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengchao Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hangwei Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Conventional and Innovative Hygienization of Feedstock for Biogas Production: Resistance of Indicator Bacteria to Thermal Pasteurization, Pulsed Electric Field Treatment, and Anaerobic Digestion. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14071938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Animal by-products (ABP) can be valorized via anaerobic digestion (AD) for biogas energy generation. The digestate issued from AD process is usually used to fertilize farming land for agricultural activities, which may cause potential sanitary risk to the environment. The European Union (EU) requires that certain ABP be thermally pasteurized in order to minimize this sanitary risk. This process is called hygienization, which can be replaced by alternative nonthermal technologies like pulsed electric field (PEF). In the present study, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were used as indicator bacteria. Their resistance to thermal pasteurization and PEF treatment were characterized. Results show that Ent. faecalis and E. coli are reduced by 5 log10 in less than 1 min during thermal pasteurization at 70 °C. The critical electric field strength was estimated at 18 kV∙cm−1 for Ent. faecalis and 1 kV∙cm−1 for E. coli. “G+” bacteria Ent. faecalis are generally more resistant than “G−” bacteria E. coli. AD process also plays an important role in pathogens inactivation, whose performance depends on the microorganisms considered, digestion temperature, residence time, and type of feedstock. Thermophilic digestion is usually more efficient in pathogens removal than mesophilic digestion.
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Coelho JJ, Prieto ML, Hennessy A, Casey I, Woodcock T, Kennedy N. Determination of microbial numbers in anaerobically digested biofertilisers. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:753-763. [PMID: 31314692 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1645214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantity total numbers of bacteria, fungi and archaea in different types of commercial liquid anaerobic digestates, and to identify common patterns in their microbial numbers post-digestion and possible implications of their use as biofertiliser. Relationships between microbial numbers and physical-chemical traits of the digestates were also investigated. Quantification was performed using culturable and molecular (quantitative PCR) approaches. Bacterial and fungal CFUs ranged up to five orders of magnitude (105-1010; 0-105 g-1 DW, respectively) between different types of anaerobic digestates. Bacterial, archaeal and fungal gene copy numbers (GCN) varied by two orders of magnitude (108-1010; 107-109; 104-106 g-1 DW, respectively) between digestates. All microbial variables analysed showed significant differences between the different types of anaerobic digestate investigated (p < 0.05). Culturable microbial numbers for fungi (6.43 × 104 CFU g-1 DW) were much lower than for bacteria (2.23 × 109 CFU g-1 DW). Gene copy numbers were highest for bacteria (16S) (1.09 × 1010 g-1 DW), followed by archaea (16S) (5.87 × 108 g-1 DW), and fungi (18S) (1.77 × 106 g-1 DW). Liquid anaerobic digestates were predominantly dominated by bacteria, followed by archaeal and fungal populations. At 50% similarity level, the microbial profiles of the eleven anaerobic digestates tested separated into just two groups, indicating a broad relative degree of similarity in terms of microbial numbers. Higher bacterial (16S) GCN was associated with low OM and C/N ratio in digestates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janerson Jose Coelho
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Maria Luz Prieto
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Aoife Hennessy
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Imelda Casey
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Tony Woodcock
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Nabla Kennedy
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
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Yang XX, Tian TT, Qiao W, Tian Z, Yang M, Zhang Y, Li JY. Prevalence and characterization of oxazolidinone and phenicol cross-resistance gene optrA in enterococci obtained from anaerobic digestion systems treating swine manure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115540. [PMID: 32898731 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of the phenicol antibiotic florfenicol in livestock can select for the optrA gene, which also confers resistance to the critically important oxazolidinone antibiotic linezolid. However, the occurrence and dissemination of florfenicol and linezolid cross-resistance genes in anaerobic treatment systems for livestock waste are unknown. Herein, the phenotypes and genotypes (optrA, fexA, fexB, and cfr) of florfenicol and linezolid cross-resistance were investigated in 339 enterococci strains isolated from lab- and full-scale mesophilic anaerobic digestion systems treating swine waste. It was found that optrA, fexA, and fexB were frequently detected in isolated enterococci in both systems by PCR screening, whereas cfr was not detected. The most abundant gene was optrA, which was detected in 73.5% (n = 50) and 38.9% (n = 23) of enterococci isolates in the full-scale influent and effluent, respectively. Most strains carried more than two resistance genes, and the average percentage of co-occurrence of optrA/fexA was 16.6%. Based on minimum inhibitory concentrations of the enterococci strain phenotypes, 85.7%, 77.5%, and 77.5% of strains in influent were resistant to chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and linezolid, respectively, while 56.3%, 65.2%, and 13% in the effluent isolates were found, respectively, which was consistent with the genotype results. The phenotypes and genotypes of florfenicol and linezolid resistance were relative stable in the enterococci isolated from the influent and effluent in lab-scale anaerobic digestion system. The findings signify the enterococci isolates harboring the optrA gene remained in effluents of both full- and lab-scale swine waste anaerobic digestion system; hence, effective management strategies should be implemented to prevent the discharge of antibiotic resistance from the livestock waste treatment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Yang
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Tian-Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhe Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
| | - Jiu-Yi Li
- Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Russell L, Whyte P, Zintl A, Gordon S, Markey B, de Waal T, Cummins E, Nolan S, O’Flaherty V, Abram F, Richards K, Fenton O, Bolton D. A Small Study of Bacterial Contamination of Anaerobic Digestion Materials and Survival in Different Feed Stocks. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7030116. [PMID: 32972002 PMCID: PMC7552645 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
If pathogens are present in feedstock materials and survive in anaerobic digestion (AD) formulations at 37 °C, they may also survive the AD process to be disseminated in digestate spread on farmland as a fertilizer. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium spp. in AD feed and output materials and survival/growth in four formulations based on food waste, bovine slurry and/or grease-trap waste using International Organization for Standardization (ISO) or equivalent methods. The latter was undertaken in 100 mL Ramboldi tubes, incubated at 37 °C for 10 d with surviving cells enumerated periodically and the T90 values (time to achieve a 1 log reduction) calculated. The prevalence rates for Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium spp. were 3, 0, 5, 11 and 10/13 in food waste, 0, 0, 2, 3 and 2/3 in bovine slurry, 1, 0, 8, 7 and 8/8 in the mixing tank, 5, 1, 17, 18 and 17 /19 in raw digestate and 0, 0, 0, 2 and 2/2 in dried digestate, respectively. Depending on the formulation, T90 values ranged from 1.5 to 2.8 d, 1.6 to 2.8 d, 3.1 to 23.5 d, 2.2 to 6.6 d and 2.4 to 9.1 d for Salmonella Newport, Escherichia coli O157, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium sporogenes, respectively. It was concluded that AD feed materials may be contaminated with a range of bacterial pathogens and L. monocytogenes may survive for extended periods in the test formulations incubated at 37 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Russell
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland;
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (P.W.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (B.M.); (T.d.W.)
| | - Paul Whyte
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (P.W.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (B.M.); (T.d.W.)
| | - Annetta Zintl
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (P.W.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (B.M.); (T.d.W.)
| | - Stephen Gordon
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (P.W.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (B.M.); (T.d.W.)
| | - Bryan Markey
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (P.W.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (B.M.); (T.d.W.)
| | - Theo de Waal
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; (P.W.); (A.Z.); (S.G.); (B.M.); (T.d.W.)
| | - Enda Cummins
- School of Biosystems and Food Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland;
| | - Stephen Nolan
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; (S.N.); (V.O.); (F.A.)
| | - Vincent O’Flaherty
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; (S.N.); (V.O.); (F.A.)
| | - Florence Abram
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; (S.N.); (V.O.); (F.A.)
| | - Karl Richards
- Teagasc Environmental Research Centres, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland; (K.R.); (O.F.)
| | - Owen Fenton
- Teagasc Environmental Research Centres, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland; (K.R.); (O.F.)
| | - Declan Bolton
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland;
- Correspondence:
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16
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Manure-borne pathogens as an important source of water contamination: An update on the dynamics of pathogen survival/transport as well as practical risk mitigation strategies. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 227:113524. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Giongo A, Granada CE, Borges LGA, Pereira LM, Trindade FJ, Mattiello SP, Oliveira RR, Shubeita FM, Lovato A, Marcon C, Medina-Silva R. Microbial communities in anaerobic digesters change over time and sampling depth. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1177-1190. [PMID: 32394239 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a process resulting from the anaerobic metabolism of specific microorganisms that produce an eco-friendly type of energy and a stabilized soil fertilizer. We described the microbial communities and their changes in three depths of BioKöhler® biodigester, fed with cattle manure for 18 days, under anaerobic incubation at the psychrophilic temperature range (~ 20 °C). During the experiment, the maximum methane content in the raw biogas was 79.9%. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) showed significant differences among microbial communities in the bottom, medium, and upper depths. Considering all the periods of incubation, the microbial communities changed until the eighth day, and they remained stable from eighth to seventeenth days. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Synergistetes were the most abundant phyla in samples, representing approximately 41% of the total OTUs. The relative abundance of the phyla Euryarchaeota, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Verrucomicrobia changed from bottom to medium sampling points. Moreover, Crenarchaeota differed in frequencies from medium to upper, and Acidobacteria from bottom to upper samples. Lentisphaerae, Chloroflexi, and LD1 were different solely at the bottom, whereas OP9 and Tenericutes only in the medium. Psychrophilic AD performed in this work removed pathogens like Salmonella and Escherichia, as observed at the digestate analyzed. This type of treatment of raw manure besides producing eco-friendly energy efficiently also generates a stabilized and safe biomass that can be used as fertilizer in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Giongo
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Instituto do Petróleo e dos Recursos Naturais, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Camille E Granada
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade do Vale do Taquari (UNIVATES), Rua Avelino Tallini, 171, Lajeado, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luiz G A Borges
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Instituto do Petróleo e dos Recursos Naturais, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandro M Pereira
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Escola de Ciências da Saúde da Vida, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda J Trindade
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Escola de Ciências da Saúde da Vida, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Shaiana P Mattiello
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Instituto do Petróleo e dos Recursos Naturais, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Escola de Ciências da Saúde da Vida, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael R Oliveira
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Instituto do Petróleo e dos Recursos Naturais, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fauzi M Shubeita
- Sociedade Educacional Três de Maio (SETREM), Três de Maio, RS, Brazil.,Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Escola Politécnica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - César Marcon
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Escola Politécnica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Medina-Silva
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Instituto do Petróleo e dos Recursos Naturais, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Escola de Ciências da Saúde da Vida, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Zou Y, Xiao Y, Wang H, Fang T, Dong P. New insight into fates of sulfonamide and tetracycline resistance genes and resistant bacteria during anaerobic digestion of manure at thermophilic and mesophilic temperatures. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:121433. [PMID: 31685315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the variations in antibiotic (sulfonamide and tetracycline) resistance genes (ARGs) and resistant bacteria (ARB) during manure anaerobic digestion (AD) at 35 ℃ and 55 ℃, and discussed the mechanisms of variations in ARGs. The AD lasted for 60 days, five ARGs and intI1 each decreased in abundance after AD at the thermophilic temperature, while only half decreased at the mesophilic temperature. On days 10, 30, and 60, sulfonamide and tetracycline ARB were screened on selective media. During thermophilic AD, ARB numbers reduced by 4-log CFUs per gram dry manure, but only by approximately 1-log CFU at the mesophilic temperature. However, ARB composition analysis showed that at either temperature, no significant reduction in identified ARB species was observed. Furthermore, 72 ARB clones were randomly selected to detect the ARGs they harbored, and the results showed that each ARG was harbored by various hosts, and no definitive link existed between ARGs and bacterial species. In addition, by comparison with the identified host by culture method, the host prediction results based on the correlation analysis between ARGs and the bacterial community was proven to be unreliable. Overall, these findings indicated that relationships between ARB and ARGs were intricate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Zou
- State Key Joint Laboratory on Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- State Key Joint Laboratory on Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory on Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Tingting Fang
- State Key Joint Laboratory on Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyan Dong
- State Key Joint Laboratory on Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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19
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Shen X, Sheng L, Benedict C, Kruger CE, Su Y, Schacht E, Zhang Y, Zhu MJ. Evaluation of Pre-harvest Microbiological Safety of Blueberry Production With or Without Manure-Derived Fertilizer. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3130. [PMID: 31993043 PMCID: PMC6970949 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blueberry is an important commodity in Washington State, which was one of the leading blueberry producers in the United States. As a ready-to-eat fruit, blueberry has no or limited post-harvest processing, highlighting an imperative need to evaluate its microbial safety during pre-harvest practice. This study accessed the microbiological safety of blueberry produced in a commercial blueberry field applied with or without manure-derived ammonium sulfate (AS) fertilizer in a 2-year study. Indicator microorganisms of total coliforms and generic E. coli, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes were monitored in fertilizer, soil, foliar, and blueberry fruit samples by culture methods for each production season. The population of total coliforms in soils was 3.17-3.82 Log10 CFU/g, which was stable throughout the production season and similar between two cropping seasons. Generic E. coli in soils remained at very low levels throughout the 2018 production season. Total coliforms or generic E. coli was not detected in fertilizer, foliar, and blueberry fruit samples collected in both 2017 and 2018 production seasons. STEC and L. monocytogenes were below the detection limit in fertilizer, soil, foliar, and blueberry fruit samples collected in both production seasons. Salmonella was not detected except for soil samples collected pre- and post-fertilizer application in the 2018 cropping season. Collectively, data indicated, under good agricultural practices, blueberry fruits produced in the field with or without manure-derived AS fertilizers had no microbiological safety concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Shen
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Lina Sheng
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Chris Benedict
- Whatcom County Extension, Washington State University, Bellingham, WA, United States
| | - Chad E. Kruger
- Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Yuan Su
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Schacht
- Whatcom County Extension, Washington State University, Bellingham, WA, United States
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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Islam MA, Biswas P, Sabuj AAM, Haque ZF, Saha CK, Alam MM, Rahman MT, Saha S. Microbial load in bio-slurry from different biogas plants in Bangladesh. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:376-383. [PMID: 31583235 PMCID: PMC6760512 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The study was aimed to isolate, identify, and characterize common indicator bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. in manure and bio-slurry samples of different livestock farms and biogas plants of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 114 samples of manure and bio-slurry were collected from different livestock farms and biogas plants in Bangladesh. The total viable count (TVC), E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. counts were determined by the spread plate technique method. Isolation and identification were performed by colony characteristics, staining, biochemical tests, and, finally, by using PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility test of the isolated bacteria was tested against commonly used antibiotics by using the disk diffusion method. Results: The mean TVC, E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. counts were ranged from 8.19–10.75, 5.2–6.96, 5.81–6.87, 5.68–7.68 in manure samples and 7.26–8.65, 3.82–5.2, 4–5.54, 3.14–5.9 log cfu/gm in bio-slurry, respectively. In anaerobic digester after 30 days digestion, the presence of E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. varied from 0–5.11, 0–4.84, and 0–5.59 log cfu/gm at 25°C, 27°C, 29°C, and 45°C temperature. Above-mentioned bacteria were absent in bio-slurry collected from anaerobic digester after 60 days digestion at environmental temperature. Bacterial counts were reduced significantly in both household slurry pits and experimental anaerobic digester. Antibiotic susceptibility results revealed that multidrug-resistant indicator bacteria were present in the bio-slurry samples. Conclusion: Our findings conclude that the microbial load after treatment of animal manure via anaerobic digestion (Biogas plant) was grossly reduced and the reduction of bacterial pathogen depends on the duration and temperature of digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashraful Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Proteek Biswas
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Momen Sabuj
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Zobayda Farzana Haque
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Chayan Kumer Saha
- Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Monjurul Alam
- Department of Farm Power and Machinery, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sukumar Saha
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
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21
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Sheng L, Shen X, Benedict C, Su Y, Tsai HC, Schacht E, Kruger CE, Drennan M, Zhu MJ. Microbial Safety of Dairy Manure Fertilizer Application in Raspberry Production. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2276. [PMID: 31632379 PMCID: PMC6783879 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy manure, a by-product in the dairy industry, is also a potential source of nutrients for crops. However, improper application of biological soil amendments of animal origin can be a source of contamination with enteric foodborne pathogens. A 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate impacts of dairy manure fertilizer application on the microbial safety of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L) production. Fertilizers, including a standard synthetic fertilizer (CON), straight lagoon raw manure (SL), anaerobically digested liquid effluent (DLE), compost (COM) and dairy manure-derived refined fertilizers including ammonium sulfate (AS) and phosphorous solid (PS), were randomly applied in quadruplicate to raspberry plots. Soil, fertilizer, foliar, and raspberry fruit samples were collected during the cropping season for the quantification of indicator microorganisms (total coliform and generic Escherichia coli) and detection of important foodborne pathogens (Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes). Counts of total coliforms in soil were stable over the 2017 cropping season and were not impacted by fertilizer application. In 2018, total coliforms increased with season and soils treated with COM had a significantly higher coliform number than those treated with CON. Both total coliform and generic E. coli in raspberry fruit samples were below the detectable level (3 most probable number/g) regardless of fertilizer types. In both years, no STEC or L. monocytogenes was detected from any of the collected samples regardless of fertilizer treatments. However, Salmonella were detected in some of the fertilizers, including PS (2017), DLE (2018), and SL (2018), which were transferred to soil samples taken directly after application of these fertilizers. Salmonella were not detected in soil samples 2 or 4 months post fertilizer application, foliar, or raspberry fruit samples regardless of fertilizer applications. In summary, one-time application of raw dairy manure or dairy manure-derived fertilizers more than 4 months prior to harvest has no major impact on food safety of red raspberry (6 ft. tall) production in Lynden sandy loam under good agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sheng
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Xiaoye Shen
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Chris Benedict
- Whatcom County Extension, Washington State University, Bellingham, WA, United States
| | - Yuan Su
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Hsieh-Chin Tsai
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Schacht
- Whatcom County Extension, Washington State University, Bellingham, WA, United States
| | - Chad E. Kruger
- Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Margaret Drennan
- Natural Resources Assessment Section, Washington State Department of Agriculture, Olympia, WA, United States
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
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22
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Le Maréchal C, Druilhe C, Repérant E, Boscher E, Rouxel S, Le Roux S, Poëzévara T, Ziebal C, Houdayer C, Nagard B, Barbut F, Pourcher AM, Denis M. Evaluation of the occurrence of sporulating and nonsporulating pathogenic bacteria in manure and in digestate of five agricultural biogas plants. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e872. [PMID: 31568706 PMCID: PMC6813454 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of agricultural biogas plants has been increasing in the past decades in some European countries. Digestates obtained after anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure are usually spread on agricultural land; however, their hygiene status regarding pathogens posing public health and/or animal health challenges has been poorly characterized up to now in France. In this study, three replicates of manure and digestate were collected from five farm biogas plants receiving animal manure in order to assess the occurrence and concentrations of sporulating (Clostridium botulinum, Clostridioides difficile, Clostridium perfringens) and nonsporulating (Listeria monocytogenes, thermotolerant Campylobacter spp., Salmonella, Escherichia coli, enterococci) bacteria. Concentrations of E. coli, enterococci, and C. perfringens in digestates ranged from 102 to 104, 104 to 105, and <103 to 7 × 105 CFU/g, respectively. Salmonella and C. difficile were detected in manure and digestate from the five biogas plants at concentrations ranging from <1.3 to >7 × 102 MPN/g and from 1.3 to 3 × 102 MPN/g, respectively. Thermotolerant Campylobacter, detected in all the manures, was only found in two digestates at a concentration of cells ranging from <10 to 2.6 × 102 CFU/g. Listeria monocytogenes and C. botulinum were detected in three manures and four digestates. The bacterial counts of L. monocytogenes and C. botulinum did not exceed 3 × 102 and 14 MPN/g, respectively. C. botulinum type B was detected at very low level in both the manure and digestate of farm biogas plants with no botulism history. The levels of pathogenic bacteria in both manure and digestate suggested that some bacteria can persist throughout AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Le Maréchal
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne-Loire University, Ploufragan, France
| | - Céline Druilhe
- OPAALE Research Unit (Optimization of Processes in Agriculture, Agri-Food and Environment), IRSTEA, Bretagne-Loire University, Rennes, France
| | - Elisabeth Repérant
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne-Loire University, Ploufragan, France
| | - Evelyne Boscher
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne-Loire University, Ploufragan, France
| | - Sandra Rouxel
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne-Loire University, Ploufragan, France
| | - Sophie Le Roux
- OPAALE Research Unit (Optimization of Processes in Agriculture, Agri-Food and Environment), IRSTEA, Bretagne-Loire University, Rennes, France
| | - Typhaine Poëzévara
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne-Loire University, Ploufragan, France
| | - Christine Ziebal
- OPAALE Research Unit (Optimization of Processes in Agriculture, Agri-Food and Environment), IRSTEA, Bretagne-Loire University, Rennes, France
| | - Catherine Houdayer
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne-Loire University, Ploufragan, France
| | - Bérengère Nagard
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne-Loire University, Ploufragan, France
| | - Frédéric Barbut
- National Reference Laboratory for Clostridioides difficile, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Marie Pourcher
- OPAALE Research Unit (Optimization of Processes in Agriculture, Agri-Food and Environment), IRSTEA, Bretagne-Loire University, Rennes, France
| | - Martine Denis
- ANSES, Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit, Bretagne-Loire University, Ploufragan, France
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23
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Thomas C, Idler C, Ammon C, Herrmann C, Amon T. Inactivation of ESBL-/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli during mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of chicken manure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 84:74-82. [PMID: 30691915 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The high prevalence of extended-spectrum-ß-lactamase (ESBL)-/AmpC-producing Escherichia (E.) coli in European broiler farms leads to the possible dissemination of antibiotic-resistant strains into the environment using contaminated feces as organic fertilizer. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of temperature on the reduction kinetics of two artificially added ESBL-/AmpC-producing E. coli strains during lab-scale mesophilic (37 °C, 42 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) anaerobic digestion of chicken manure. The decimal reduction times (D-value) were approximately 3-6 days at 37 °C, 1.5 days at 42 °C and 48 min at 55 °C. Starting with initial E. coli counts of 7 log10 colony forming units (CFU) per milliliter, both E. coli strains were below the detection limit after 35 days at all temperatures; however, at 37 °C and 42 °C, ESBL-producing E. coli were still partially detectable by enrichment. Temperature and retention time were the main inactivation factors. No direct correlation could be found between pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) or ammonia (NH3) and E. coli reduction. D-values were predicted for several temperatures between 37 °C and 55 °C and may help define time-temperature guidelines. Thermophilic digestion is an adequate method to rapidly inactivate ESBL-producing E. coli in chicken manure. At mesophilic temperatures, however, strict compliance of retention times and the prevention of short-circuiting become essential to gain an ESBL-producing E. coli free digestate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Thomas
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Christine Idler
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Christian Ammon
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Christiane Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Thomas Amon
- Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy e.V. (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Free University Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
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24
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Coelho JJ, Prieto ML, Dowling S, Hennessy A, Casey I, Woodcock T, Kennedy N. Physical-chemical traits, phytotoxicity and pathogen detection in liquid anaerobic digestates. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 78:8-15. [PMID: 32559973 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestates, which are co-products from biogas production, have been recognised as potential biofertilisers for their benefits in nutrient recovery and recycling of different types of organic wastes. Due to the increasing number of different types of organic wastes being used to produce biogas, it is necessary to identify how different types of anaerobic digestates vary in their physical-chemical traits, and how these can impact upon their use as fertilisers. In addition, safe land spreading of anaerobic digestates must be within recommended limits for potentially toxic elements (PTEs) and pathogens. This study analysed physical-chemical traits, phytotoxicity, PTEs and indicator pathogens in a set of eleven different commercial liquid anaerobic digestates from Ireland and the UK, and compared them to the Irish draft standard for digestate. Liquid anaerobic digestates exhibited significant differences (P < 0.001) for most of the physical and chemical traits evaluated, with higher variability found for dry matter (DM) and K (CV = 17.2 and 16.8 respectively), and lower variation for pH and P (CV = 1.78 and 3.55 respectively). PTE concentrations were in general within recommended limits; nevertheless, some digestates showed higher concentrations than the recommended limits for Pb, Zn and Cu. Digestate from wastewater treatment feedstock was shown to be high in PTEs. Anaerobic digestates were found to negatively affect early stages of seed germination, but phytotoxicity effects were decreased by dilution in water. Levels of Salmonella spp. and E. coli were within recommended limits for most of the anaerobic digestates analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janerson Jose Coelho
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Maria Luz Prieto
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Stephen Dowling
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Aoife Hennessy
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Imelda Casey
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Tony Woodcock
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Nabla Kennedy
- Eco-Innovation Research Centre, Department of Science, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland.
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25
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Burch TR, Spencer SK, Borchardt SS, Larson RA, Borchardt MA. Fate of Manure-Borne Pathogens during Anaerobic Digestion and Solids Separation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2018; 47:336-344. [PMID: 29634802 PMCID: PMC7166490 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2017.07.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion can inactivate zoonotic pathogens present in cattle manure, which reduces transmission of these pathogens from farms to humans through the environment. However, the variability of inactivation across farms and over time is unknown because most studies have examined pathogen inactivation under ideal laboratory conditions or have focused on only one or two full-scale digesters at a time. In contrast, we sampled seven full-scale digesters treating cattle manure in Wisconsin for 9 mo on a biweekly basis ( = 118 pairs of influent and effluent samples) and used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to analyze these samples for 19 different microbial genetic markers. Overall, inactivation of pathogens and fecal indicators was highly variable. When aggregated across digester and season, log-removal values for several representative microorganisms-bovine , -like CowM3, and bovine polyomavirus-were 0.78 ± 0.34, 0.70 ± 0.50, and 0.53 ± 0.58, respectively (mean ± SD). These log-removal values were up to two times lower than expected based on the scientific literature. Thus, our study indicates that full-scale anaerobic digestion of cattle manure requires optimization with regard to pathogen inactivation. Future studies should focus on identifying the potential causes of this suboptimal performance (e.g., overloading, poor mixing, poor temperature control). Our study also examined the fate of pathogens during manure separation and found that the majority of microbes we detected ended up in the liquid fraction of separated manure. This finding has important implications for the transmission of zoonotic pathogens through the environment to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Spencer S. Borchardt
- Wisconsin Water Science Center, USGS2615 Yellowstone Dr.MarshfieldWI54449
- Present address:
Kimley Horn and Associates2550 University Ave. W. Suite 238NSaint PaulMN55114
| | - Rebecca A. Larson
- Dep. of Biological Systems EngineeringUniv. of Wisconsin–Madison460 Henry Mall, Room 232EMadisonWI53706
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26
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Liu Z, Carroll ZS, Long SC, Roa-Espinosa A, Runge T. Centrifuge separation effect on bacterial indicator reduction in dairy manure. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 191:268-274. [PMID: 28126613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Centrifugation is a commonly applied separation method for manure processing on large farms to separate solids and nutrients. Pathogen reduction is also an important consideration for managing manure. Appropriate treatment reduces risks from pathogen exposure when manure is used as soil amendments or the processed liquid stream is recycled to flush the barn. This study investigated the effects of centrifugation and polymer addition on bacterial indicator removal from the liquid fraction of manure slurries. Farm samples were taken from a manure centrifuge processing system. There were negligible changes of quantified pathogen indicator concentrations in the low-solids centrate compared to the influent slurry. To study if possible improvements could be made to the system, lab scale experiments were performed investigating a range of g-forces and flocculating polymer addition. The results demonstrated that polymer addition had a negligible effect on the indicator bacteria levels when centrifuged at high g forces. However, the higher g force centrifugation was capable of reducing bacterial indicator levels up to two-log10 in the liquid stream of the manure, although at speeds higher than typical centrifuge operations currently used for manure processing applications. This study suggests manure centrifuge equipment could be redesigned to provide pathogen reduction to meet emerging issues, such as zoonotic pathogen control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Liu
- Dep. of Biological Systems Engineering, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Zachary S Carroll
- Dep. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Sharon C Long
- Dep. of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53705, United States; Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene and Dep. of Soil Science, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, 1525 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | | | - Troy Runge
- Dep. of Biological Systems Engineering, Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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27
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Mounaouer B, Abdennaceur H. Modeling and kinetic characterization of wastewater disinfection using chlorine and UV irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:19861-19875. [PMID: 27421857 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sewage disinfection has the primary objective of inactivating pathogenic organisms to prevent the dissemination of waterborne diseases. This study analyzed individual disinfection, with chlorine alone, ultraviolet radiation alone, and a combined disinfection process (chlorine-UV radiation). Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Escherichia coli ATCC 11229, Salmonella typhi ATCC 14028, and Clostridium perfringens were selected to evaluate the efficiency of different disinfection processes. The aim of the present study was to characterize the kinetics of chlorine (as NaHOCl) consumption, to evaluate responses of these bacterial species to the chlorination, the ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and the chlorine/UV disinfection processes in secondary wastewater using a batch laboratory reactor. Another target of this work was to study the modeling of the kinetic of water disinfection by chlorination and/or UV irradiation. Two kinetic models (Chick-Watson and Hom) were tested as to ability to scale disinfection of these bacterial species by different ultraviolet and/or chlorine doses. The results of the kinetics of chlorine consumption showed that monochloramines and trichloramines were the most important forms of residual chlorine as compared to free chlorine and dichloramines. The kinetics of inactivation of all examined bacterial strains showed that the application of the model of Hom in its original form was not representative of this kinetics of inactivation. Modification of this model, considering an initial decline of bacteria during the contact of water with chlorine, improved the results of the model. By the same, results revealed that the involved processes of UV irradiation were too complex to be approached by a simplified formulation, even in the case of specific strains of microorganisms and the use of nearly constant UV radiation intensity. In fact, the results have pointed out that the application of the Chick-Watson law is known to be inadequate to describe microbial inactivation with tailing or shoulder behavior. However, the UV kinetic studies also revealed that the first instants of exposure (2 to 10 s) to a UV intensity of 5 to 8 mW.cm-2 appeared as the deciding factors in disinfection with UV irradiation. It was shown that the combination of chlorine with UV yielded additive effects on the inactivation of bacterial strains and spectacular disinfection efficiency at a short contact time and less dose. In contrast to most studies, UV irradiation alone and chlorine alone exhibited low disinfection efficiency in inactivation of tested bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahmi Mounaouer
- Water Research and Technology Center, Borj Cédria Science and Technology Park, University Tunis Cartage, P.O. Box 273, 8020, Tunis, Soliman, Tunisia.
| | - Hassen Abdennaceur
- Water Research and Technology Center, Borj Cédria Science and Technology Park, University Tunis Cartage, P.O. Box 273, 8020, Tunis, Soliman, Tunisia
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28
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Huang W, Huang W, Yuan T, Zhao Z, Cai W, Zhang Z, Lei Z, Feng C. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production from swine manure through short-term dry anaerobic digestion and its separation from nitrogen and phosphorus resources in the digestate. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 90:344-353. [PMID: 26766158 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The sustainability of an agricultural system depends highly upon the recycling of all useful substances from agricultural wastes. This study explored the feasibility of comprehensive utilization of C, N and P resources in swine manure (SM) through short-term dry anaerobic digestion (AD) followed by dry ammonia stripping, aiming at achieving (1) effective total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production and separation; (2) ammonia recovery from the digestate; and (3) preservation of high P bioavailability in the solid residue for further applications. Specifically, two ammonia stripping strategies were applied and compared in this work: (I) ammonia stripping was directly performed with the digestate from dry AD of SM (i.e. dry ammonia stripping); and (II) wet ammonia stripping was conducted by using the resultant filtrate from solid-liquid separation of the mixture of digestate and added water. Results showed that dry AD of the tested SM at 55 °C, 20% TS and unadjusted initial pH (8.6) for 8 days produced relatively high concentrations of total VFAs (94.4 mg-COD/g-VS) and ammonia-N (20.0 mg/g-VS) with high potentially bioavailable P (10.6 mg/g-TS) remained in the digestate, which was considered optimal in this study. In addition, high ammonia removal efficiencies of 96.2% and 99.7% were achieved through 3 h' dry and wet stripping (at 55 °C and initial pH 11.0), respectively, while the total VFAs concentration in the digestate/filtrate remained favorably unchanged. All experimental data from the two stripping processes well fitted to the pseudo first-order kinetic model (R(2) = 0.9916-0.9997) with comparable theoretical maximum ammonia removal efficiencies (Aeq, >90%) being obtained under the tested dry and wet stripping conditions, implying that the former was more advantageous due to its much higher volumetric total ammonia-N removal rate thus much smaller reactor volume, less energy/chemicals consumption and no foaming problems. After 8 days' dry AD and 3 h' dry ammonia stripping, the separated liquid containing VFAs and the recovered ammonia were both marketable products, and the solid residues with averagely higher C/N ratios of 25.7 than those of raw SM (18.0) meanwhile maintaining a relatively high bioavailable P content of 8.1 mg/g-TS can serve as better feedstock for methane fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Huang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Wenli Huang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tian Yuan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Ziwen Zhao
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Wei Cai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Chuanping Feng
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Evolution (China University of Geosciences Beijing), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
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Liu Z, Carroll ZS, Long SC, Gunasekaran S, Runge T. Use of cationic polymers to reduce pathogen levels during dairy manure separation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 166:260-266. [PMID: 26513324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Various separation technologies are used to deal with the enormous amounts of animal waste that large livestock operations generate. When the recycled waste stream is land applied, it is essential to lower the pathogen load to safeguard the health of livestock and humans. We investigated whether cationic polymers, used as a flocculent in the solid/liquid separation process, could reduce the pathogen indicator load in the animal waste stream. The effects of low charge density cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and high charge density cationic polydicyandiamide (PDCD) were investigated. Results demonstrated that CPAM was more effective than PDCD for manure coagulation and flocculation, while PDCD was more effective than CPAM in reducing the pathogen indicator loads. However, their combined use, CPAM followed by PDCD, resulted in both improved solids separation and pathogen indicator reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zong Liu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Zachary S Carroll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Sharon C Long
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene and Soil Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Sundaram Gunasekaran
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Troy Runge
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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30
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Fröschle B, Messelhäusser U, Höller C, Lebuhn M. Fate of Clostridium botulinum
and incidence of pathogenic clostridia in biogas processes. J Appl Microbiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Fröschle
- Department for Quality Assurance and Analytics; Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL); Freising Germany
| | - U. Messelhäusser
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL); Oberschleißheim Germany
| | - C. Höller
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority (LGL); Oberschleißheim Germany
| | - M. Lebuhn
- Department for Quality Assurance and Analytics; Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture (LfL); Freising Germany
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31
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Orzi V, Scaglia B, Lonati S, Riva C, Boccasile G, Alborali GL, Adani F. The role of biological processes in reducing both odor impact and pathogen content during mesophilic anaerobic digestion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 526:116-26. [PMID: 25925189 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Mesophilic anaerobic digestion (MAD) produces renewable energy, but it also plays a role in reducing the impact of digestates, both by reducing odor and pathogen content. Ten full-scale biogas plants characterized by different plant designs (e.g. single digesters, parallel or serial digesters), plant powers (ranging from 180 to 999 kWe), hydraulic retention time (HRT) (ranging between 20 to 70 days) and feed mixes were monitored and odors and pathogens were observed in both ingestates and digestates. Results obtained indicated that MAD reduced odors (OU) from, on average, OUingestate=99,106±149,173 OU m(-2) h(-1) (n=15) to OU digestate=1106±771 OU m(-2) h(-1) (n=15). Pathogens were also reduced during MAD both because of ammonia production during the process and competition for substrate between pathogens and indigenous microflora, i.e. Enterobacteriaceae from 6.85∗10(3)±1.8∗10(1) to 1.82∗10(1)±3.82∗10(1); fecal Coliform from 1.82∗10(4)±9.09 to 2.45∗10(1)±3.8∗10(1); Escherichia coli from 8.72∗10(3)±2.4∗10(1) to 1.8∗10(1)±2.94∗10(1); Clostridium perfringens from 6.4∗10(4)±7.7 to 5.2∗10(3)±8.1 (all data are expressed as CFU g(-1) ww). Plants showed different abilities to reduce pathogen indicators, depending on the pH value and toxic ammonia content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Orzi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DISAA, Gruppo Ricicla, Lab. Agricoltura e Ambiente, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara Scaglia
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DISAA, Gruppo Ricicla, Lab. Agricoltura e Ambiente, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Samuele Lonati
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DISAA, Gruppo Ricicla, Lab. Agricoltura e Ambiente, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Riva
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DISAA, Gruppo Ricicla, Lab. Agricoltura e Ambiente, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi 9, 25124 di Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DISAA, Gruppo Ricicla, Lab. Agricoltura e Ambiente, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, DISAA, Gruppo Ricicla - Lab. Biomasse e Agroenergia, c/o Parco Tecnologico Padano, Cascina Codazza, Via Einstein, 26900 Lodi, Italy.
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32
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Rosenblum J, Bisesi M, Castano J, Tamkin A, Ciotola R, Lee J, Martin J. Influence of seasonal fluctuation and loading rates on microbial and chemical indicators during semi-continuous anaerobic digestion. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:1308-1318. [PMID: 25515031 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.986537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Minimal attention is paid towards the performance of the 40 million small-scale digesters which frequently operate at psychrophilic temperatures. Understanding the levels of microbial and chemical indicators at various loading rates and temperatures is useful for improving treatment efficiency and management strategies for small-scale digesters. In this study, semi-continuous anaerobic digesters were operated in replicate at four different loading rates (control, 0.3, 0.8 and 1.3 kg VS/m(3)/day) and housed in an environment that simulated seasonal change (27.5°C,10°C and 27.5°C). The results illustrate that class B quality biosolids were generated for all treatments as per guidelines from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The simulated seasonal change did not influence Escherichia coli or faecal coliform levels, while it did appear to have an effect upon levels of Enterococci. Reduced loading rates led to a more stable environment (in terms of pH, levels of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and total inorganic carbonate (TIC)) as well as lower levels of indicator bacteria, but generated slightly lower biogas volumes (high--53.23 L vs. low--53.19 L) over the course of the study. The results provide important data to improve the performance of small-scale psychrophilic digesters, specifically by reducing loading rates to prevent souring during winter months.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Rosenblum
- a Division of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health , The Ohio State University , 406 Cunz Hall, 1841 Neil Avenue, Columbus , OH 43210-1057 , USA
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33
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Saady NMC, Massé DI. Impact of organic loading rate on the performance of psychrophilic dry anaerobic digestion of dairy manure and wheat straw: long-term operation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 182:50-57. [PMID: 25681795 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.01.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Development of efficient processes for valorising animal wastes would be a major advancement in cold-climate regions. This paper reports the results of long term (315 days experiment) of novel psychrophilic (20°C) dry anaerobic digestion (PDAD) of cow feces and wheat straw in laboratory scale sequence batch reactor operated at increasing organic loading rate. The PDAD process fed with a mixture of feces and straw (TS of 27%) over a treatment cycle length of 21 days at organic loading rate (OLR) 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 g TCOD kg(-1) inoculum d(-1) (of 2.9 ± 0.1, 3.7 ± 0.1, and 4.4 ± 0.1g VS kg(-1) inoculum d(-1), respectively) resulted in average specific methane yield (SMY) of 187.3 ± 18.1, 163.6 ± 39.5, 150.8 ± 32.9 N L CH4 kg(-1)VS fed, respectively. PDAD of cow feces and wheat straw is possible with VS-based inoculum-to-substrate ratio of 1.4 at OLR of 6.0 g TCOD kg(-1) inoculum d(-1). Hydrolysis was the limiting step reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noori M Cata Saady
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - Daniel I Massé
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1M 0C8, Canada.
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34
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Massé DI, Cata Saady NM. Psychrophilic dry anaerobic digestion of dairy cow feces: long-term operation. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 36:86-92. [PMID: 25434732 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports experimental results which demonstrate psychrophilic dry anaerobic digestion of cow feces during long-term operation in sequence batch reactor. Cow feces (13-16% total solids) has been anaerobically digested in 12 successive cycles (252 days) at 21 days treatment cycle length (TCL) and temperature of 20 °C using psychrotrophic anaerobic mixed culture. An average specific methane yield (SMY) of 184.9 ± 24.0, 189.9 ± 27.3, and 222 ± 27.7 (N)L CH4 kg(-1) of VS fed has been achieved at an organic loading rate of 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 g TCOD kg(-1) inoculum d(-1) and TCL of 21 days, respectively. The corresponding substrate to inoculum ratio (SIR) was 0.39 ± 0.06, 0.48 ± .02, 0.53 ± 0.05, respectively. Average methane production rate of 10 ± 1.4(N)L CH4 kg(-1) VS fed d(-1) has been obtained. The low concentration of volatile fatty acids indicated that hydrolysis was the reaction limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Massé
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1M 0C8.
| | - Noori M Cata Saady
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1M 0C8
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35
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Fröschle B, Heiermann M, Lebuhn M, Messelhäusser U, Plöchl M. Hygiene and Sanitation in Biogas Plants. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 151:63-99. [PMID: 26337844 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-21993-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of agricultural biogas plants and higher amounts of digestate spread on agricultural land arouse a considerable interest in the hygiene situation of digested products. This chapter reviews the current knowledge on sanitation during anaerobic digestion and the hygienic status of digestate concerning a multitude of pathogens potentially compromising the health of humans, animals and plants. Physical, chemical and biological parameters influencing the efficiency of sanitation in anaerobic digestion are considered. The degree of germ reduction depends particularly on the resistance of the pathogen of concern, the processing conditions, the feedstock composition and the diligence of the operation management. Most scientific studies facing sanitation in biogas plants have provided data ascertaining reduction of pathogens by the biogas process. Some pathogens, however, are able to persist virtually unaffected due to the ability to build resistant permanent forms. As compared to the feedstock, the sanitary status of the digestate is thus improved or in the worst case, the sanitary quality remains almost unchanged. According to this, the spreading of digestate on agricultural area in accordance to current rules and best practice recommendations is considered to impose no additional risk for the health of humans, animals and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Fröschle
- Department for Quality Assurance and Analytics, Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture, Lange Point 6, 85354, Freising, Germany,
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36
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Resende J, Diniz C, Silva V, Otenio M, Bonnafous A, Arcuri P, Godon JJ. Dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes and presence of putative pathogens during ambient temperature anaerobic digestion. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:1689-99. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J.A. Resende
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora Brazil
- INRA-Institute National Recherche Agronomique; Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement; Narbonne France
| | - C.G. Diniz
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora Brazil
| | - V.L. Silva
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Biological Sciences; Federal University of Juiz de Fora; Juiz de Fora Brazil
| | - M.H. Otenio
- EMBRAPA Dairy Cattle-Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation; Juiz de Fora Brazil
| | - A. Bonnafous
- INRA-Institute National Recherche Agronomique; Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement; Narbonne France
| | - P.B. Arcuri
- EMBRAPA Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation; Secretariat for International Relations, Headquarters; Brasilia Brazil
| | - J.-J. Godon
- INRA-Institute National Recherche Agronomique; Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement; Narbonne France
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37
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Survival of Salmonella spp. and fecal indicator bacteria in Vietnamese biogas digesters receiving pig slurry. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014; 217:785-95. [PMID: 24933419 PMCID: PMC7106344 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Small-scale biogas digesters are widely promoted worldwide as a sustainable technology to manage livestock manure. In Vietnam, pig slurry is commonly applied to biogas digesters for production of gas for electricity and cooking with the effluent being used to fertilize field crops, vegetables and fish ponds. Slurry may contain a variety of zoonotic pathogens, e.g. Salmonella spp., which are able to cause disease in humans either through direct contact with slurry or by fecal contamination of water and foods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of Salmonella spp. and the fecal indicator bacteria, enterococci, E. coli, and spores of Clostridium perfringens in biogas digesters operated by small-scale Vietnamese pig farmers. The serovar and antimicrobial susceptibility of the Salmonella spp. isolated were also established. The study was conducted in 12 farms (6 farms with and 6 farms without toilet connected) located in Hanam province, Vietnam. Sampling of pig slurry and biogas effluent was done during two seasons. Results showed that the concentration of enterococci, E. coli, and Clostridium perfringens spores was overall reduced by only 1–2 log10-units in the biogas digesters when comparing raw slurry and biogas effluent. Salmonella spp. was found in both raw slurry and biogas effluent. A total of 19 Salmonella serovars were identified, with the main serovars being Salmonella Typhimurium (55/138), Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:- (19/138), Salmonella Weltevreden (9/138) and Salmonella Rissen (9/138). The Salmonella serovars showed similar antimicrobial resistance patterns to those previously reported from Vietnam. When promoting biogas, farmers should be made aware that effluent should only be used as fertilizer for crops not consumed raw and that indiscriminate discharge of effluent are likely to contaminate water recipients, e.g. drinking water sources, with pathogens. Relevant authorities should promote safe animal manure management practices to farmers and regulations be updated to ensure food safety and public health.
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38
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Gao T, Tong Y, Cao M, Li X, Pang X. Evaluation of the inactivation of human Coxsackievirus by thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digestion using integrated cell culture and reverse transcription real-time quantitative PCR. WATER RESEARCH 2013; 47:4259-4264. [PMID: 23764576 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The virucidal effects of anaerobic digestion were evaluated using human Coxsackievirus as a model for the Enterovirus family. Coxsackievirus was inactivated completely by thermophilic anaerobic digestion (TAD). By 4 h no living and infectious virus remained and no detectable viral RNA was present after 2 days in TAD (7.0 log reduction). Compared to TAD, 2.6 log reduction of viral RNA was achieved by 14 days in mesophilic anaerobic digestion (MAD) (p < 0.0001). Although cytopathogenic effect was not observed in the cultured cells, low levels of intracellular viral RNA were detected after one day of MAD treatment indicating that Coxsackievirus had infected the cells but could not replicate. The combination of thermal and biochemical effects in TAD plays a critical role for viral disinfection. The results of this study indicate that selection of the right configuration of anaerobic digestion for treatment of biowaste may reduce the risk of viral contamination to the environment and water source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiejun Gao
- Himark bioGas Inc., AFDP 6004-118 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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39
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Massé DI, Gilbert Y, Saady NMC, Liu C. Low-temperature anaerobic digestion of swine manure in a plug-flow reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:2617-2624. [PMID: 24527623 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2013.781229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A low-temperature (25 degrees C) anaerobic eight-compartment (PF01 to PF08) cascade reactor simulating a plug-flow reactor (PFR) treating pig manure was monitored for a year. The bioreactor was fed at an average loading rate of 2.4 +/- 0.2 g of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) per litre of reactor per day for a theoretical hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 67 +/- 7 d. An average of 79% of TCOD was removed from pig manure (converted into biogas and in sediments), whereas specific methane yields ranging from 397 to 482 NL CH4 kg(-1) VS (148.6 to 171.4 NL CH4 kg(-1) TCOD) were obtained. After 150 d, fluctuating performances of the process were observed, associated with solids accumulation in the upstream compartments, preventing the complete anaerobic digestion of swine manure in the compartments PF01 to PF04. Low-temperature anaerobic PFR represents an interesting alternative for the treatment of pig manure and recovery of green energy. Further investigations regarding a modified design, with better accumulating solids management, are needed to optimize the performance of this low-temperature PFR treating pig manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Massé
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Canada.
| | - Yan Gilbert
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - N M C Saady
- Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, Canada
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40
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Eikmeyer FG, Rademacher A, Hanreich A, Hennig M, Jaenicke S, Maus I, Wibberg D, Zakrzewski M, Pühler A, Klocke M, Schlüter A. Detailed analysis of metagenome datasets obtained from biogas-producing microbial communities residing in biogas reactors does not indicate the presence of putative pathogenic microorganisms. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:49. [PMID: 23557021 PMCID: PMC3639179 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years biogas plants in Germany have been supposed to be involved in amplification and dissemination of pathogenic bacteria causing severe infections in humans and animals. In particular, biogas plants are discussed to contribute to the spreading of Escherichia coli infections in humans or chronic botulism in cattle caused by Clostridium botulinum. Metagenome datasets of microbial communities from an agricultural biogas plant as well as from anaerobic lab-scale digesters operating at different temperatures and conditions were analyzed for the presence of putative pathogenic bacteria and virulence determinants by various bioinformatic approaches. RESULTS All datasets featured a low abundance of reads that were taxonomically assigned to the genus Escherichia or further selected genera comprising pathogenic species. Higher numbers of reads were taxonomically assigned to the genus Clostridium. However, only very few sequences were predicted to originate from pathogenic clostridial species. Moreover, mapping of metagenome reads to complete genome sequences of selected pathogenic bacteria revealed that not the pathogenic species itself, but only species that are more or less related to pathogenic ones are present in the fermentation samples analyzed. Likewise, known virulence determinants could hardly be detected. Only a marginal number of reads showed similarity to sequences described in the Microbial Virulence Database MvirDB such as those encoding protein toxins, virulence proteins or antibiotic resistance determinants. CONCLUSIONS Findings of this first study of metagenomic sequence reads of biogas producing microbial communities suggest that the risk of dissemination of pathogenic bacteria by application of digestates from biogas fermentations as fertilizers is low, because obtained results do not indicate the presence of putative pathogenic microorganisms in the samples analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix G Eikmeyer
- Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld D-33594, Germany
| | - Antje Rademacher
- Department Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim, Potsdam, D-14469, Germany
| | - Angelika Hanreich
- Department Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim, Potsdam, D-14469, Germany
| | - Magdalena Hennig
- Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld D-33594, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jaenicke
- Computational Genomics, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, D-33594, Germany
| | - Irena Maus
- Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld D-33594, Germany
| | - Daniel Wibberg
- Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld D-33594, Germany
| | - Martha Zakrzewski
- Computational Genomics, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, D-33594, Germany
| | - Alfred Pühler
- Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld D-33594, Germany
| | - Michael Klocke
- Department Bioengineering, Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim, Potsdam, D-14469, Germany
| | - Andreas Schlüter
- Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld D-33594, Germany
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Siggins A, Enright AM, Abram F, Botting C, O'Flaherty V. Impact of trichloroethylene exposure on the microbial diversity and protein expression in anaerobic granular biomass at 37°C and 15°C. ARCHAEA (VANCOUVER, B.C.) 2012; 2012:940159. [PMID: 23197942 PMCID: PMC3502766 DOI: 10.1155/2012/940159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Granular biomass from a laboratory-scale anaerobic bioreactor trial was analysed to identify changes in microbial community structure and function in response to temperature and trichloroethylene (TCE). Two bioreactors were operated at 37°C, while two were operated at 15°C. At the time of sampling, one of each temperature pair of bioreactors was exposed to process failure-inducing concentrations of TCE (60 mg L(-1)) while the other served as a TCE-free control. Bacterial community structure was investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis. Temperature was identified as an important factor for bacterial community composition, while minor differences were associated with trichloroethylene supplementation. Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in all bioreactors, while clone library analysis revealed a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes-, Chloroflexi-, and Firmicutes-like clones at 15°C than at 37°C. Comparative metaproteomics in the presence and absence of TCE was carried out by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE), and 28 protein spots were identified, with putative functions related to cellular processes, including methanogenesis, glycolysis, the glyoxylate cycle, and the methyl malonyl pathway. A good agreement between metaproteomic species assignment and phylogenetic information was observed, with 10 of the identified proteins associated with members of the phylum Proteobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Siggins
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Enright
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Florence Abram
- Functional Environmental Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Catherine Botting
- BSRC Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Vincent O'Flaherty
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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42
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Gao T, Bowlby E, Tong Y, Wu JTY, Wong L, Tower RJ, Pang X, Li X. Evaluation of the matrix effect of thermophilic anaerobic digestion on inactivation of infectious laryngotracheitis virus using real-time PCR and viral cell culture. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 110:692-696. [PMID: 22349192 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.01.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The matrix effect of the thermophilic anaerobic digestion (TAD) process on inactivation of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) was evaluated. Viral cell culture and real-time PCR were used for assessing removal of the viral infectivity and degradation of viral DNA, respectively. Results showed that the TAD-derived matrix alone can inactivate the virus and destroy the nucleic acid helix core of ILTV in a time-and- dose-dependent manner. No cytopathogenic effect (CPE) was observed in the cells exposed to ILTV pre-treated with TAD matrix for 1.5h in experiment 1 and for 16h in experiment 2. There was a significant statistical difference between TAD matrix treated and non-treated cultures (p<0.001, Chi-test). Amplifiable ILT viral DNA was reduced 2.27 log by 1.5h-treatment and was not present by 16h-treatment with TAD matrix, indicating complete viral DNA fragmentation. The TAD process is an environmentally friendly way for disposing of poultry biowaste and carcasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiejun Gao
- Highmark Renewables Research LP, AFDP Room-1-037, 6004-118 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E1.
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Bonetta S, Ferretti E, Bonetta S, Fezia G, Carraro E. Microbiological contamination of digested products from anaerobic co-digestion of bovine manure and agricultural by-products. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 53:552-7. [PMID: 21899580 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03148.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was performed to investigate the microbiological contamination of digestate product (DP) obtained from the anaerobic co-digestion of bovine manure and agricultural by-products. METHODS AND RESULTS Microbiological analyses were performed on bovine manure, fresh DP, liquid and solid fractions and stored liquid fraction of DP. A statistically significant reduction of faecal bacterial indicator was found after anaerobic digestion except for enterococci. After liquid/solid DP separation, bacteria tend to be concentrated in the solid fraction. Storage does not seem to influence the indicator parameters, except for enterococci. Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Yersinia were not found in any samples analysed. Salmonella was rarely detected in DP samples and its derivates, while Listeria monocytogenes was encountered in many samples. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained indicate that the hygienic quality of DP is for almost all microbiological parameters better than that of the bovine manure (range of reduction 1.6-3.1 log10) and suggest the need to identify specific pathogen indicators related to the hygienic characteristics of DPs. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study highlights that the anaerobic co-digestion of bovine manure and agricultural by-products in a field-scale biogas plant does not increase human health risk with respect to the use of animal manure for agricultural fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bonetta
- Department of Environmental and Life Science, University of Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Alessandria, Italy
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Stone JJ, Oswald AS, Lupo CD, Clay SA, Mott HV. Impact of chlortetracycline on sequencing batch reactor performance for swine manure treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:7807-7814. [PMID: 21724384 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of aged (500 day, 4°C stored) chlortetracycline (CTC; 0, 20, 40, 80 mg/L CTC)-amended swine manure using two cycle, 22 day stage anaerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBR) was assessed. Eighty milligrams per liter CTC treatment inhibited SBR treatment efficiencies, although total gas production was enhanced compared to the no-CTC treatment. The 20 and 40 mg/L CTC treatments resulted in either slight or no differences to SBR treatment efficiencies and microbial diversities compared to the no-CTC treatment, and were generally similar to no-CTC treatments upon completion of the first 22 day SBR cycle. All CTC treatments enhanced SBR gas generation, however CH(4) yields were lowest for the 80 mg/L CTC treatment (0.111L CH(4)/g tCOD) upon completion of the second SBR react cycle. After a 22 day acclimation period, the 80 mg/L CTC treatment inhibited methanogenesis due to acetate accumulation, and decreased microbial diversity and CH(4) yield compared to the no-CTC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Stone
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA.
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Pandey PK, Soupir ML. Escherichia coli inactivation kinetics in anaerobic digestion of dairy manure under moderate, mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures. AMB Express 2011; 1:18. [PMID: 21906374 PMCID: PMC3222320 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-1-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Batch anaerobic digestion experiments using dairy manure as feedstocks were performed at moderate (25°C), mesophilic (37°C), and thermophilic (52.5°C) temperatures to understand E. coli, an indicator organism for pathogens, inactivation in dairy manure. Incubation periods at 25, 37, and 52.5°C, were 61, 41, and 28 days respectively. Results were used to develop models for predicting E. coli inactivation and survival in anaerobic digestion. For modeling we used the decay of E. coli at each temperature to calculate the first-order inactivation rate coefficients, and these rates were used to formulate the time - temperature - E. coli survival relationships. We found the inactivation rate coefficient at 52.5°C was 17 and 15 times larger than the inactivation rate coefficients at 25 and 37°C, respectively. Decimal reduction times (D10; time to achieve one log removal) at 25, 37, and 52.5°C, were 9 -10, 7 - 8 days, and < 1 day, respectively. The Arrhenius correlation between inactivation rate coefficients and temperatures over the range 25 -52.5°C was developed to understand the impacts of temperature on E. coli inactivation rate. Using this correlation, the time - temperature - E. coli survival relationships were derived. Besides E. coli inactivation, impacts of temperature on biogas production, methane content, pH change, ORP, and solid reduction were also studied. At higher temperatures, biogas production and methane content was greater than that at low temperatures. While at thermophilic temperature pH was increased, at mesophilic and moderate temperatures pH were reduced over the incubation period. These results can be used to understand pathogen inactivation during anaerobic digestion of dairy manure, and impacts of temperatures on performance of anaerobic digesters treating dairy manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod K Pandey
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011, USA
| | - Michelle L Soupir
- Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011, USA
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