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Zhang LB, Qiu XG, Qiu TT, Cui Z, Zheng Y, Meng C. A complex metabolic network and its biomarkers regulate laccase production in white-rot fungus Cerrena unicolor 87613. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:167. [PMID: 38849849 PMCID: PMC11162070 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White-rot fungi are known to naturally produce high quantities of laccase, which exhibit commendable stability and catalytic efficiency. However, their laccase production does not meet the demands for industrial-scale applications. To address this limitation, it is crucial to optimize the conditions for laccase production. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying different conditions remain unclear. This knowledge gap hinders the cost-effective application of laccases. RESULTS In this study, we utilized transcriptomic and metabolomic data to investigate a promising laccase producer, Cerrena unicolor 87613, cultivated with fructose as the carbon source. Our comprehensive analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) aimed to identify changes in cellular processes that could affect laccase production. As a result, we discovered a complex metabolic network primarily involving carbon metabolism and amino acid metabolism, which exhibited contrasting changes between transcription and metabolic patterns. Within this network, we identified five biomarkers, including succinate, serine, methionine, glutamate and reduced glutathione, that played crucial roles in co-determining laccase production levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study proposed a complex metabolic network and identified key biomarkers that determine the production level of laccase in the commercially promising Cerrena unicolor 87613. These findings not only shed light on the regulatory mechanisms of carbon sources in laccase production, but also provide a theoretical foundation for enhancing laccase production through strategic reprogramming of metabolic pathways, especially related to the citrate cycle and specific amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Bin Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
| | - Xiu-Gen Qiu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Ting-Ting Qiu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Zhou Cui
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Chun Meng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering of Fujian Province, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China.
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2
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Umar A, Abid I, Antar M, Dufossé L, Hajji-Hedfi L, Elshikh MS, Shahawy AE, Abdel-Azeem AM. Electricity generation and oxidoreductase potential during dye discoloration by laccase-producing Ganoderma gibbosum in fungal fuel cell. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:258. [PMID: 38098010 PMCID: PMC10720082 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Color chemicals contaminate pure water constantly discharged from different points and non-point sources. Physical and chemical techniques have certain limitations and complexities for bioenergy production, which motivated the search for a novel sustainable production approaches during dye wastewater treatment. The emerging environmental problem of dye decolorization has attracted scientist's attention to a new, cheap, and economical way to treat dye wastewater and power production via fungal fuel cells. Ganoderma gibbosum was fitted in the cathodic region with laccase secretion in the fuel cell. At the same time, dye water was placed in the anodic region to move electrons and produce power. This study treated wastewater using the oxidoreductase enzymes released extracellularly from Ganoderma gibbosum for dye Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) degradation via fungal-based fuel cell. The maximum power density of 14.18 mW/m2 and the maximum current density of 35 mA/m2 were shown by the concentration of 5 ppm during maximum laccase activity and decolorization of RBBR. The laccase catalysts have gained considerable attention because of eco-friendly and alternative easy handling approaches to chemical methods. Fungal Fuel Cells (FFCs) are efficiently used in dye treatment and electricity production. This article also highlighted the construction of fungal catalytic cells and the enzymatic performance of fungal species in energy production during dye water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Umar
- Institute of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Islem Abid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Antar
- Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Montreal, Quebec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Laurent Dufossé
- Laboratoire CHEMBIOPRO (Chimie et Biotechnologie des Produits Naturels), Université de La Réunion, ESIROI Département Agroalimentaire, 15 Avenue René Cassin, 97490, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Lobna Hajji-Hedfi
- Regional Centre of Agricultural Research of Sidi Bouzid, CRRA, Gafsa Road Km 6, 357, 9100, Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed S Elshikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer El Shahawy
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdel-Azeem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, 41522, Ismailia, Egypt
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, Republic of South Africa
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Zhang LB, Yang WWJ, Qiu TT. Genome-wide study of Cerrena unicolor 87613 laccase gene family and their mode prediction in association with substrate oxidation. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:504. [PMID: 37649000 PMCID: PMC10466755 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laccases are green biocatalysts with wide industrial applications. The study of efficient and specific laccase producers remains a priority. Cerrena species have been shown to be promising basidiomycete candidates for laccase production. Although two sets of Cerrena genome data have been publicly published, no comprehensive bioinformatics study of laccase gene family in C. unicolor has been reported, particularly concerning the analysis of their three-dimensional (3D) structures and molecular docking to substrates, like ABTS and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). RESULTS In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of laccase gene family in C. unicolor 87613. We identified eighteen laccase genes (CuLacs) and classified them into three clades using phylogenetic analysis. We characterized these laccases, including their location in contig 5,6,9,12,15,19,26,27, gene structures of different exon-intron arrangements, molecular weight ranging from 47.89 to 141.41 kDa, acidic pI value, 5-15 conserved protein motifs, signaling peptide of extracellular secretion (harbored by 13 CuLacs) and others. In addition, the analysis of cis-acting element in laccase promoters indicated that the transcription response of CuLac gene family was regulatable and complex under different environmental cues. Furthermore, analysis of transcription pattern revealed that CuLac8, 12 and CuLac2, 13 were the predominant laccases in response to copper ions or oxidative stress, respectively. Finally, we focused on the 3D structure analysis of CuLac proteins. Seven laccases with extra transmembrane domains or special sequences were particularly interesting. Predicted structures of each CuLac protein with or without these extra sequences showed altered interacting amino acid residues and binding sites, leading to varied affinities to both ABTS and AFB1. As far as we know, it is the first time to discuss the influence of the extra sequence on laccase's affinity to substrates. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide robust genetic data for a better understanding of the laccase gene family in C. unicolor 87613, and create a foundation for the molecular redesign of CuLac proteins to enhance their industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Bin Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China.
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China.
| | - Wu-Wei-Jie Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
| | - Ting-Ting Qiu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, Fujian, China
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Wu D, Wei Z, Mohamed TA, Zheng G, Qu F, Wang F, Zhao Y, Song C. Lignocellulose biomass bioconversion during composting: Mechanism of action of lignocellulase, pretreatment methods and future perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131635. [PMID: 34346339 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Composting is a biodegradation and transformation process that converts lignocellulosic biomass into value-added products, such as humic substances (HSs). However, the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulose hinders the utilization of cellulose and hemicellulose, decreasing the bioconversion efficiency of lignocellulose. Pretreatment is an essential step to disrupt the structure of lignocellulosic biomass. Many pretreatment methods for composting may cause microbial inactivation and death. Thus, the pretreatment methods suitable for composting can promote the degradation and transformation of lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, this review summarizes the pretreatment methods suitable for composting. Microbial consortium pretreatment, Fenton pretreatment and surfactant-assisted pretreatment for composting may improve the bioconversion process. Microbial consortium pretreatment is a cost-effective pretreatment method to enhance HSs yields during composting. On the other hand, the efficiency of enzyme production during composting is very important for the degradation of lignocellulose, whose action mechanism is unknown. Therefore, this review describes the mechanism of action of lignocellulase, the predominant microbes producing lignocellulase and their related genes. Finally, optimizing pretreatment conditions and increasing enzymatic hydrolysis to improve the quality of composts by controlling suitable microenvironmental factors and core target microbial activities as a research focus in the bioconversion of lignocellulose during composting in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zimin Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Taha Ahmed Mohamed
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Guangren Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Fengting Qu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
| | - Caihong Song
- College of Life Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
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Ardila-Leal LD, Poutou-Piñales RA, Pedroza-Rodríguez AM, Quevedo-Hidalgo BE. A Brief History of Colour, the Environmental Impact of Synthetic Dyes and Removal by Using Laccases. Molecules 2021; 26:3813. [PMID: 34206669 PMCID: PMC8270347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of colour is fascinating from a social and artistic viewpoint because it shows the way; use; and importance acquired. The use of colours date back to the Stone Age (the first news of cave paintings); colour has contributed to the social and symbolic development of civilizations. Colour has been associated with hierarchy; power and leadership in some of them. The advent of synthetic dyes has revolutionized the colour industry; and due to their low cost; their use has spread to different industrial sectors. Although the percentage of coloured wastewater discharged by the textile; food; pharmaceutical; cosmetic; and paper industries; among other productive areas; are unknown; the toxic effect and ecological implications of this discharged into water bodies are harmful. This review briefly shows the social and artistic history surrounding the discovery and use of natural and synthetic dyes. We summarise the environmental impact caused by the discharge of untreated or poorly treated coloured wastewater to water bodies; which has led to physical; chemical and biological treatments to reduce the colour units so as important physicochemical parameters. We also focus on laccase utility (EC 1.10.3.2), for discolouration enzymatic treatment of coloured wastewater, before its discharge into water bodies. Laccases (p-diphenol: oxidoreductase dioxide) are multicopper oxidoreductase enzymes widely distributed in plants, insects, bacteria, and fungi. Fungal laccases have employed for wastewater colour removal due to their high redox potential. This review includes an analysis of the stability of laccases, the factors that influence production at high scales to achieve discolouration of high volumes of contaminated wastewater, the biotechnological impact of laccases, and the degradation routes that some dyes may follow when using the laccase for colour removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy D. Ardila-Leal
- Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Bogotá 110-23, DC, Colombia;
| | - Raúl A. Poutou-Piñales
- Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Bogotá 110-23, DC, Colombia;
| | - Aura M. Pedroza-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Laboratorio de Microbiología Ambiental y de Suelos, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Bogotá 110-23, DC, Colombia;
| | - Balkys E. Quevedo-Hidalgo
- Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ), Bogotá 110-23, DC, Colombia;
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6
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Zhang Y, Dai Z, Zhang S, Yang X. The catalytic properties of Thermus thermophilus SG0.5JP17-16 laccase were regulated by the conformational dynamics of pocket loop 6. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129872. [PMID: 33588000 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laccase is one member of the blue multicopper oxidase family. It can catalyze the oxidation of various substrates. The Thermus thermophilus SG0.5JP17-16 laccase (lacTT) is thermostable, pH-stable, and high tolerance to halides, and can decolorize the synthetic dyes. In lacTT, the function of the loop 6 constructing the substrate-binding pocket wasn't clear. METHODS The residues Asp394 and Asp396 located in loop 6, and were used to probe how the loop 6 influenced catalytic properties of the laccase. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed for two amino acids. Kinetic assay was utilized to characterize the catalytic efficiency of mutants. Mutants with different catalytic activities were used to decolorize the synthetic dyes to clarify the relationship between the catalytic efficiency and dye decolorization. Redox potential, structural and spectral analyses were performed to explain the differences in laccase activity between wild type and mutant enzymes. RESULTS D394M, D394E and D394R mutants with the lower laccase activity displayed a decreased decolorization efficiency, while D396A, D396M and D396E mutant enzymes with higher catalytic efficiency decolorized the synthetic dye more efficiently than the wild type enzyme. CONCLUSIONS The pocket loop 6 might experience a conformational dynamics. The D394 residue controlled this conformation change by amino acid interaction networks containing the D396 residue at the entrance of substrate channel. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCES These studies may provide clues to improve the activity of the laccase for the better use in industrial applications, and/or contribute to further understanding the mechanism of laccase oxidation on the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuojun Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.
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Asemoloye MD, Marchisio MA, Gupta VK, Pecoraro L. Genome-based engineering of ligninolytic enzymes in fungi. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:20. [PMID: 33478513 PMCID: PMC7819241 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01510-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many fungi grow as saprobic organisms and obtain nutrients from a wide range of dead organic materials. Among saprobes, fungal species that grow on wood or in polluted environments have evolved prolific mechanisms for the production of degrading compounds, such as ligninolytic enzymes. These enzymes include arrays of intense redox-potential oxidoreductase, such as laccase, catalase, and peroxidases. The ability to produce ligninolytic enzymes makes a variety of fungal species suitable for application in many industries, including the production of biofuels and antibiotics, bioremediation, and biomedical application as biosensors. However, fungal ligninolytic enzymes are produced naturally in small quantities that may not meet the industrial or market demands. Over the last decade, combined synthetic biology and computational designs have yielded significant results in enhancing the synthesis of natural compounds in fungi. Main body of the abstract In this review, we gave insights into different protein engineering methods, including rational, semi-rational, and directed evolution approaches that have been employed to enhance the production of some important ligninolytic enzymes in fungi. We described the role of metabolic pathway engineering to optimize the synthesis of chemical compounds of interest in various fields. We highlighted synthetic biology novel techniques for biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) activation in fungo and heterologous reconstruction of BGC in microbial cells. We also discussed in detail some recombinant ligninolytic enzymes that have been successfully enhanced and expressed in different heterologous hosts. Finally, we described recent advance in CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)-Cas (CRISPR associated) protein systems as the most promising biotechnology for large-scale production of ligninolytic enzymes. Short conclusion Aggregation, expression, and regulation of ligninolytic enzymes in fungi require very complex procedures with many interfering factors. Synthetic and computational biology strategies, as explained in this review, are powerful tools that can be combined to solve these puzzles. These integrated strategies can lead to the production of enzymes with special abilities, such as wide substrate specifications, thermo-stability, tolerance to long time storage, and stability in different substrate conditions, such as pH and nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dare Asemoloye
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai District, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mario Andrea Marchisio
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai District, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - Lorenzo Pecoraro
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Nankai District, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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8
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Ezike TC, Ezugwu AL, Udeh JO, Eze SOO, Chilaka FC. Purification and characterisation of new laccase from Trametes polyzona WRF03. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 28:e00566. [PMID: 33299811 PMCID: PMC7701954 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Trametes polyzona WRF03 produced high yield of true laccase. Trametes polyzona WRF03 laccase was relatively pH and temperature stable. Fe2+, sodium azide and sodium cyanide greatly inhibited laccase activity. Trametes polyzona WRF03 laccase decolorised many classes of synthetic dyes.
The molecular screening for laccase specific gene sequences in Trametes polyzona WRF03 (TpWRF03) using designed oligonucleotide primers analogous to the conserved sequences on the copper-binding regions of known laccases showed positive amplification with an amplicon size corresponding to 1500 bp. The purified TpWRF03 laccase (TpL) is a monomer with a molecular weight corresponding to 66 kDa. The enzyme had an optimal pH of 4.5 and temperature of 55 °C. TpL was most stable within pH of 5.5–6.5 and at a temperature range of 40–50 °C. Sodium azide, sodium cyanide and Fe2+ greatly inhibited the enzyme activity. TpL showed more than 50 % decolourisation efficiency on coomassie brilliant blue (72.35 %) and malachite green (57.84 %) but displayed low decolourisation efficiency towards Azure B (1.78 %) and methylene blue (0.38 %). The results showed that TpWRF03 produces high-yield of true laccase with robust properties for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arinze Linus Ezugwu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Jerry Okwudili Udeh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
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Chen W, Wang M, Gong Y, Deng Q, Zheng M, Chen S, Wan X, Yang C, Huang F. The unconventional adverse effects of fungal pretreatment on iturin A fermentation by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CX-20. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 14:587-599. [PMID: 32997385 PMCID: PMC7936297 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal pretreatment is the most common strategy for improving the conversion of rapeseed meal (RSM) into value-added microbial products. It was demonstrated that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CX-20 could directly use RSM as the sole source of all nutrients except the carbon source for iturin A fermentation with high productivity. However, whether fungal pretreatment has an impact on iturin A production is still unknown. In this study, the effects of fungal pretreatment and direct bio-utilization of RSM for iturin A fermentation were comparatively analysed through screening suitable fungal species, and evaluating the relationships between iturin A production and the composition of solid fermented RSM and liquid hydrolysates. Three main unconventional adverse effects were identified. (1) Solid-state fermentation by fungi resulted in a decrease of the total nitrogen for B. amyloliquefaciens CX-20 growth and metabolism, which caused nitrogen waste from RSM. (2) The released free ammonium nitrogen in liquid hydrolysates by fungal pretreatment led to the reduction of iturin A. (3) The insoluble precipitates of hydrolysates, which were mostly ignored and wasted in previous studies, were found to have beneficial effects on producing iturin A. In conclusion, our study verifies the unconventional adverse effects of fungal pretreatment on iturin A production by B. amyloliquefaciens CX-20 compared with direct bio-utilization of RSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yangmin Gong
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Qianchun Deng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xia Wan
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Wuhan, 430062, China
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10
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Liu S, Xu X, Kang Y, Xiao Y, Liu H. Degradation and detoxification of azo dyes with recombinant ligninolytic enzymes from Aspergillus sp. with secretory overexpression in Pichia pastoris. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200688. [PMID: 33047030 PMCID: PMC7540776 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ligninolytic enzymes, including laccase (Lac), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP), have attracted much attention in the degradation of contaminants. Genes of Lac (1827 bp), MnP (1134 bp) and LiP (1119 bp) were cloned from Aspergillus sp. TS-A, and the recombinant Lac (69 kDa), MnP (45 kDa) and LiP (35 kDa) were secretory expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115, with enzyme activities of 34, 135.12 and 103.13 U l-1, respectively. Dyes of different structures were treated via the recombinant ligninolytic enzymes under the optimal degradation conditions, and the result showed that the decolourization rate of Lac on Congo red (CR) in 5 s was 45.5%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and toxicity tests further proved that the ligninolytic enzymes could destroy the dyes, both those with one or more azo bonds, and the degradation products were non-toxic. Moreover, the combined ligninolytic enzymes could degrade CR more completely compared with the individual enzyme. Remarkably, besides azo dyes, ligninolytic enzymes could also degrade triphenylmethane and anthracene dyes. This suggests that ligninolytic enzymes from Aspergillus sp. TS-A have the potential for application in the treatment of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan/School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, People's Republic of China
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11
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Li X, Liu D, Wu Z, Li D, Cai Y, Lu Y, Zhao X, Xue H. Multiple Tolerance and Dye Decolorization Ability of a Novel Laccase Identified from Staphylococcus Haemolyticus. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:615-621. [PMID: 31986565 PMCID: PMC9728370 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1910.10061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Laccases are multicopper oxidases with important industrial value. In the study, a novel laccase gene (mco) in a Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolate is identified and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Mco shares less than 40% of amino acid sequence identities with the other characterized laccases, exhibiting the maximal activity at pH 4.0 and 60°C with 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) as a substrate. Additionally, the Mco is tolerant to a wide range of pH, heavy metal ions and many organic solvents, and it has a high decolorization capability toward textile dyes in the absence of redox mediators. The characteristics of the Mco make this laccase potentially useful for industrial applications such as textile finishing. Based on BLASTN results, mco is found to be widely distributed in both the bacterial genome and bacterial plasmids. Its potential role in oxidative defense ability of staphylococci may contribute to the bacterial colonization and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Dongliang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Zhaowei Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Yifei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Yao Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China,Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Huping Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P.R. China,Corresponding author Phone: +86-29-87080899 Fax: +86-29-87080899 E-mail:
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12
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Expression of Pleurotus ostreatus Laccase Gene in Pichia pastoris and Its Degradation of Corn Stover Lignin. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040601. [PMID: 32326242 PMCID: PMC7232166 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus is a species of white-rot fungi that effectively degrades lignin. In this study, we aimed to efficiently express the lac-2 gene of Pleurotus ostreatus in the Pichia pastoris X33 yeast strain. The enzymatic properties of recombinant yeast were determined, and its ability to degrade corn stover lignin was determined. The results showed the optimum pH values of recombinant laccase for 2,2’-Azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and 2-methoxyphenol were 3.0, 3.0, and 3.5, respectively. The optimum reaction temperature was 50 °C, and it had good thermal stability and acid and alkali resistance. The degradation rate of lignin in corn stover by recombinant laccase was 18.36%, and the native Pleurotus ostreatus degradation rate was 14.05%, the difference between them is significant (p < 0.05). This experiment lays a foundation for the study of the degradation mechanism of lignin by laccase.
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13
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Exploiting the potential of metal and solvent tolerant laccase from Tricholoma giganteum AGDR1 for the removal of pesticides. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 144:586-595. [PMID: 31830449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Laccase from previously reported hardwood degrading fungus, Tricholoma giganteum AGDR1, was isolated, identified at molecular level, biochemically characterized and also utilized for pesticide degradation. Laccase gene is comprised of 3752 bp, which encompassed 742-bp of 5' flanking upstream sequence with 12 introns and 12 exons. Mature enzyme possesses 391 amino acids and signal peptide, which is determined to be monomeric protein with an apparent molecular weight of 41 kDa and 6.45 pI. Higher optimal activities were observed at 45 °C and pH 3.0 and surprisingly, it exhibited more than 20% of relative activity at pH 1.5. Purified laccase was tolerant to 100 mM of metals (i.e. Se, Pb, Cu, Cr and Cd), organic solvents (ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol and acetone) and potent inhibitors (hydroxylamine, thiourea, NaF and Na-azide) as compared to reported laccases. It was able to degrade 29%, 7% and 72% of chlorpyrifos, profenofos and thiophanate methyl within 15 h, respectively. Molecular docking analysis revealed that higher binding efficacy of these pesticides is observed with H83, H320, A95, V384, and P366 which are presented near to the catalytic site. Based on the results, T. giganteum AGDR1 laccase can be applied for the potential remediation and industrial applications under harsh conditions.
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Zhang Q, Zhao L, Li Y, Wang F, Li S, Shi G, Ding Z. Comparative transcriptomics and transcriptional regulation analysis of enhanced laccase production induced by co-culture of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae with Rhodotorula mucilaginosa. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:241-255. [PMID: 31735984 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10228-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The co-culturing of Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was confirmed in our previous studies to be an efficient strategy to improve laccase production by submerged fermentation. To determine the possible regulation principles underlying this behaviour, comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed on P. eryngii var. ferulae to investigate the differential expression of genes in co-culture. RNA-seq analysis showed that genes concerning xenobiotic biodegradation and expenditure of energy were upregulated. However, genes related to oxidative stress were downregulated. In addition, the transcription levels of laccase isoenzymes were not consistent in the co-culture system: 3 laccase genes (lacc1, lacc2, lacc12) were upregulated, and 3 laccase genes (lacc4, lacc6, lacc9) were downregulated. The enhancement in laccase activity can be due to upregulation of a laccase heterodimer encoded by the genes lacc2 and ssPOXA3a (or ssPOXA3b), whose expression levels were increased by 459% and 769% (or 585% for ssPOXA3b) compared with those of a control, respectively. β-Carotene produced by R. mucilaginosa upregulated the transcription of lacc2 only. Combining these results with an analysis of cis-acting responsive elements indicated that four transcription factors (TFs) had potential regulatory effects on the transcription of laccase genes. It was supposed that TFa regulated lacc transcription by binding with methyl jasmonate and heat shock response elements. The expression of TFb, TFc, and TFd was regulated by β-carotene. However, β-carotene had no effect on TFa expression. These results provide a possible mechanism for the regulation of laccase gene transcription in the co-culture system and are also beneficial for the future intensification of fungal laccase production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Liting Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - YouRan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Feng Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Song Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Guiyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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15
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Chen W, Ma X, Wang X, Chen S, Rogiewicz A, Slominski B, Wan X, Huang F. Establishment of a rapeseed meal fermentation model for iturin A production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CX-20. Microb Biotechnol 2019; 12:1417-1429. [PMID: 31568665 PMCID: PMC6801130 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Iturin A is an important broad-spectrum antifungal cyclic lipopeptide used as an ideal potential biological control agent. However, its application is limited mainly due to the producer strains' low productivity and the high production costs. Here, a potentially industrial strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CX-20 was proved to use low-cost rapeseed meal (RSM) as the sole source of all nutrients except the carbon source for the high productivity of iturin A. A fermentation model was first established to analyse the specific roles of different RSM components on iturin A production. Proteins and minerals in RSM were confirmed to play positive role, whereas fibre had negative effect. And the maximal concentration of iturin A was predicted to be more than 1.64 g l-1 by the established evaluation model. Moreover, submerged fermentation of B. amyloliquefaciens CX-20 demonstrated a strong ability to hydrolyse RSM and release water-soluble nutrients. This fermentation broth, a mixture of Bacillus, iturin A and RSM hydrolysate, could simultaneously combat clubroot disease and promote the growth of Brassica napus. In conclusion, this study provides a promising strategy to achieve full utilization of RSM for the production of a combination of value-added biological control agent and biofertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan430062China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of AgricultureWuhan430062China
- Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering LaboratoryWuhan430062China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and NutritionWuhan430062China
| | - Xuli Ma
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan430062China
| | - Xiuzhen Wang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan430062China
| | - Shouwen Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio‐ResourcesEnvironmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei ProvinceCollege of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhan430062China
| | - Anna Rogiewicz
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of Agricultural and Food SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBR3T 2N2Canada
| | - Bogdan Slominski
- Department of Animal ScienceFaculty of Agricultural and Food SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBR3T 2N2Canada
| | - Xia Wan
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan430062China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of AgricultureWuhan430062China
- Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering LaboratoryWuhan430062China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and NutritionWuhan430062China
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan430062China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of AgricultureWuhan430062China
- Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering LaboratoryWuhan430062China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and NutritionWuhan430062China
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A novel thermophilic laccase-like multicopper oxidase from Thermothelomyces thermophila and its application in the oxidative cyclization of 2′,3,4-trihydroxychalcone. N Biotechnol 2019; 49:10-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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17
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Wang X, Yao B, Su X. Linking Enzymatic Oxidative Degradation of Lignin to Organics Detoxification. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113373. [PMID: 30373305 PMCID: PMC6274955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The major enzymes involved in lignin degradation are laccase, class II peroxidases (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and versatile peroxidase) and dye peroxidase, which use an oxidative or peroxidative mechanism to deconstruct the complex and recalcitrant lignin. Laccase and manganese peroxidase directly oxidize phenolic lignin components, while lignin peroxidase and versatile peroxidase can act on the more recalcitrant non-phenolic lignin compounds. Mediators or co-oxidants not only increase the catalytic ability of these enzymes, but also largely expand their substrate scope to those with higher redox potential or more complicated structures. Neither laccase nor the peroxidases are stringently selective of substrates. The promiscuous nature in substrate preference can be employed in detoxification of a range of organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Bin Yao
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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18
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Chang BV, Fan SN, Tsai YC, Chung YL, Tu PX, Yang CW. Removal of emerging contaminants using spent mushroom compost. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 634:922-933. [PMID: 29660886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen and sulfonamides are emerging contaminants. Conventional wastewater treatment systems fail to degrade these compounds properly. Mycoremediation, is a form of novel bioremediation that uses extracellular enzymes of white-rot fungi to degrade pollutants in the environment. In this study, spent mushroom compost (SMC), which contains fungal extracellular enzymes, was tested for acetaminophen and sulfonamides removal. Among the SMCs of nine mushrooms tested in batch experiments, the SMC of Pleurotus eryngii exhibited the highest removal rate for acetaminophen and sulfonamides. Several fungal extracellular enzymes that might be involved in removal of acetaminophen and sulfonamides were identified by metaproteomic analysis. The bacterial classes, Betaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, were revealed by metagenomic analysis and may be assisting with acetaminophen and sulfonamide removal, respectively, in the SMC of Pleurotus eryngii. Bioreactor experiments were used to simulate the capability of Pleurotus eryngii SMC for the removal of acetaminophen and sulfonamides from wastewater. The results of this study provide a feasible solution for acetaminophen and sulfonamide removal from wastewater using the SMC of Pleurotus eryngii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bea-Ven Chang
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shao-Ning Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yao-Chou Tsai
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Lin Chung
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ping-Xun Tu
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chu-Wen Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Linke D, Omarini AB, Takenberg M, Kelle S, Berger RG. Long-Term Monokaryotic Cultures of Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida Produce High and Stable Laccase Activity Capable to Degrade ß-Carotene. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:894-912. [PMID: 30099681 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular laccase (Lacc10) was discovered in submerged cultures of Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida bleaching ß-carotene effectively without the addition of a mediator (650 mU/L, pH 4). Heterologous expression in P. pastoris confirmed the activity and structural analyses revealed a carotenoid-binding domain, which formed the substrate-binding pocket and is reported here for the first time. In order to increase activity, 106 basidiospore-derived monokaryons and crosses of compatible progenies were generated. These showed high intraspecific variability in growth rate and enzyme formation. Seventy-two homokaryons exhibited a higher activity-to-growth-rate-relation than the parental dikaryon, and one isolate produced a very high activity (1800 mU/L), while most of the dikaryotic hybrids showed lower activity. The analysis of the laccase gene of the monokaryons revealed two sequences differing in three amino acids, but the primary sequences gave no clue for the diversity of activity. The enzyme production in submerged cultures of monokaryons was stable over seven sub-cultivation cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Linke
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Alejandra B Omarini
- Downstream Bioprocessing Lab, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, Campus Ring 1, 28759, Bremen, Germany.,INCITAP (CONICET-UNLPam) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, Uruguay 151, CP 6300, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Meike Takenberg
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kelle
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf G Berger
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 5, 30167, Hannover, Germany
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Guo H, Zheng B, Jiang D, Qin W. Overexpression of a Laccase with Dye Decolorization Activity from Bacillus sp. Induced in Escherichia coli. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 27:217-227. [DOI: 10.1159/000478859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases from bacteria have been widely studied in the past 2 decades due to the higher growth rate of bacteria and their excellent thermal and alkaline pH stability. In this study, a novel laccase gene was cloned from<i> Bacillus</i> sp., analyzed, and functionally expressed in<i> Escherichia coli</i>. The laccase was highly induced in the <i>E. coli</i> expression system with a maximum intracellular activity of 16 U mg<sup>-1</sup> protein. The optimal temperature and pH of the purified laccase were 40°C and 4.6, respectively, when ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate]) was used as the substrate. The purified laccase showed high stability in the pH range of 3.0-9.0, and retained more than 70% of its activity after 24 h of incubation at 40°C with a pH value of 9.0. Furthermore, the enzyme exhibited extremely high temperature and ion metal tolerance. The half-life of the purified laccase at 70°C was 15.9 h. The purified laccase could efficiently decolorize 3 chemical dyes, especially in the presence of ABTS as a mediator. The high production of this laccase in<i> E. coli</i> and exceptional characteristics of the recombinant enzyme protein make it a promising candidate for industrial applications.
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21
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Ma X, Liu L, Li Q, Liu Y, Yi L, Ma L, Zhai C. High-level expression of a bacterial laccase, CueO from Escherichia coli K12 in Pichia pastoris GS115 and its application on the decolorization of synthetic dyes. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 103:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Variants of PpuLcc, a multi-dye decolorizing laccase from Pleurotus pulmonarius expressed in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 137:34-42. [PMID: 28651974 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A laccase of the basidiomycete Pleurotus pulmonarius (PpuLcc) possessed strong decolorizing abilities towards artificial and natural dyes. The PpuLcc was purified from the culture supernatant via FPLC, and the corresponding gene cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. To examine the impact of the C-terminal tail region and the signal peptide on the recombinant expression of PpuLcc, a non-modified version or different truncations (-2, -5, -13 AA) of the target protein were combined with different secretion signals. Heterologous expression of codon optimized constructs resulted in extracellular activities of the PpuLcc variants of up to 7000 U L-1 (substrate ABTS) which was six times higher than non-codon optimized constructs. In contrast to previous works, altering the C-terminal end of the protein did not influence kinetic parameters or the rate of expression. The His-Tag purified enzymes showed high temperature optima (50-70 °C) and thermo stability. All of the recombinant variants degraded triarylmethane and azo dyes. Rapid bleaching of β-carotene (E 160a) and the polyene acid norbixin (E 160b) using a laccase was found for the first time. Thus, the enzyme may be useful in decolorizing unwanted polyene pigments, for example from the processing of cheese, bakery, desserts, ice cream or coloured casings.
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Wang SS, Ning YJ, Wang SN, Zhang J, Zhang GQ, Chen QJ. Purification, characterization, and cloning of an extracellular laccase with potent dye decolorizing ability from white rot fungus Cerrena unicolor GSM-01. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 95:920-927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Zhang H, Zhang S, He F, Qin X, Zhang X, Yang Y. Characterization of a manganese peroxidase from white-rot fungus Trametes sp.48424 with strong ability of degrading different types of dyes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 320:265-277. [PMID: 27551986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Manganese peroxidase, MnP-Tra-48424, was purified and characterized from the white-rot fungus Trametes sp.48424. MnP-Tra-48424 was strongly resistant to metal ions such as Ni2+, Li+, Ca2+, K+, Mn2+. MnP-Tra-48424 was also resistant to organic solvents such as propanediol, glycerol, and glycol. MnP-Tra-48424 decolorized dyes (indigo, anthraquinone, azo and triphenylmethane) and degraded different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Indigo Carmine, Remazol Brilliant Blue R, Remazol Brilliant Violet 5R and Methyl Green were efficiently decolorized by MnP-Tra-48424. MnP-Tra-48424 also decolorized Indigo Carmine and Methyl Green combined with metal ions and organic solvents. The decolorization capability of MnP-Tra-48424 was not inhibited by selected metal ions and organic solvents. A combination of MnP-Tra-48424 and Lac-Tra-48424 improved the decolorization rate. In addition to dyes, MnP-Tra-48424 was effective at degrading individual PAHs (fluorene, fluoranthene, pyrene, phenanthrene, anthracene) and also PAHs in mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Feng He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xing Qin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China; School of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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25
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Abstract
Laccases are multi-copper oxidoreductases which catalyze the oxidation of a wide range of substrates during the simultaneous reduction of oxygen to water. These enzymes, originally found in fungi, plants, and other natural sources, have many industrial and biotechnological applications. They are used in the food, textile, pulp, and paper industries, as well as for bioremediation purposes. Although natural hosts can provide relatively high levels of active laccases after production optimization, heterologous expression can bring, moreover, engineered enzymes with desired properties, such as different substrate specificity or improved stability. Hence, diverse hosts suitable for laccase production are reviewed here, while the greatest emphasis is placed on yeasts which are commonly used for industrial production of various proteins. Different approaches to optimize the laccase expression and activity are also discussed in detail here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Antošová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Sychrová
- Department of Membrane Transport, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Kumar S, Arumugam N, Permaul K, Singh S. Chapter 5 Thermostable Enzymes and Their Industrial Applications. Microb Biotechnol 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315367880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
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27
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Sen SK, Raut S, Bandyopadhyay P, Raut S. Fungal decolouration and degradation of azo dyes: A review. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tan L, Li S, Zhang X, Ma F. Cloning and functional analysis of Δ6-desaturase gene and its upstream region from Mortierella sp. AGED. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:3077-3083. [PMID: 25504265 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Δ6-desaturase belonging to membrane-bound enzyme is a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). This study aimed to clone and characterise Δ6-desaturase gene and its upstream regulatory region of Mortierella sp. AGED. RESULTS Glucose and soybean meal are best for lipid and arachidonic acid accumulation of Mortierella sp. AGED. A 1375-bp Δ6-desaturase gene AGfad6 which contains a 1275-bp open reading frame encoding 424 amino acids without signal peptide was cloned. The putative protein contained three conserved histidine-rich motifs and a conserved cytochrome b5 HPGG (H: Histine, P: Proline, G: Glycine, G: Glycine) motif, with a mass of 48.3 kDa and an isoelectric point of 5.96. AGfad6 was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115, which exerted the effect on converting linoleic acid to γ-linolenic acid. The 1712-bp upstream region contained basic transcriptional elements including TATA, GC and GATA box, putative target-binding sites for transcription factors such as TATA binding protein, transcription activator, CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein, activator protein 1, alcohol dehydrogenase gene regulator 1 and metabolic regulators p40x in fungi, stress-related elements including GT-1 (light-responsive, salicylic acid-inducible), stress response element, heat stress-responsive element, which might participate in regulation of PUFAs synthesis. CONCLUSION The present finding could enable us to understand the evolution and regulatory mechanism of Δ6-desaturase gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Shue Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
| | - Fuying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P.R. China
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29
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Lu Y, Wu G, Lian L, Guo L, Wang W, Yang Z, Miao J, Chen B, Xie B. Cloning and Expression Analysis of Vvlcc3, a Novel and Functional Laccase Gene Possibly Involved in Stipe Elongation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28498-509. [PMID: 26633374 PMCID: PMC4691058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Volvariella volvacea, usually harvested in its egg stage, is one of the most popular mushrooms in Asia. The rapid transition from the egg stage to elongation stage, during which the stipe stretches to almost full length leads to the opening of the cap and rupture of the universal veil, and is considered to be one of the main factors that negatively impacts the yield and value of V. volvacea. Stipe elongation is a common phenomenon in mushrooms; however, the mechanisms, genes and regulation involved in stipe elongation are still poorly understood. In order to study the genes related to the stipe elongation, we analyzed the transcription of laccase genes in stipe tissue of V. volvacea, as some laccases have been suggested to be involved in stipe elongation in Flammulina velutipes. Based on transcription patterns, the expression of Vvlcc3 was found to be the highest among the 11 laccase genes. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis showed that VvLCC3 has a high degree of identity with other basidiomycete laccases. Therefore, we selected and cloned a laccase gene, named Vvlcc3, a cDNA from V. volvacea, and expressed the cDNA in Pichia pastoris. The presence of the laccase signature L1-L4 on the deduced protein sequence indicates that the gene encodes a laccase. Phylogenetic analysis showed that VvLCC3 clusters with Coprinopsis cinerea laccases. The ability to catalyze ABTS (2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) oxidation proved that the product of the Vvlcc3 gene was a functional laccase. We also found that the expression of the Vvlcc3 gene in V. volvacea increased during button stage to the elongation stage; it reached its peak in the elongation stage, and then decreased in the maturation stage, which was similar to the trend in the expression of Fv-lac3 and Fv-lac5 in F. velutipes stipe tissue. The similar trend in expression level of these laccase genes of F. velutipes suggested that this gene could be involved in stipe elongation in V. volvacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanping Lu
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Guangmei Wu
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Lingdan Lian
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Lixian Guo
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhiyun Yang
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Juan Miao
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Bingzhi Chen
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Baogui Xie
- Mycological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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30
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Lee H, Jang Y, Lee YM, Lee H, Kim GH, Kim JJ. Enhanced removal of PAHs by Peniophora incarnata and ascertainment of its novel ligninolytic enzyme genes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 164:10-8. [PMID: 26342262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The hazardous effects of the PAHs should be managed by removal using white rot fungal ligninolytic enzymes. The white rot fungus Peniophora incarnataKUC8836 was stimulated to produce ligninolytic enzymes in a liquid medium by the addition of four substances: 0.5 g L(-1) Tween 80, 70 mg L(-1) CuSO4·5H2O, 10 mg L(-1) MnSO4·H2O, and 0.3 g L(-1) veratryl alcohol. The experiments were carried out in two different media: basal salt and 2% malt extract (ME) liquid medium. Under the experimental conditions, both laccase and manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) demonstrated with the highest activities in 2% ME liquid medium following the addition of Tween 80. The biodegradation of anthracene and pyrene was significantly enhanced by the induced ligninolytic enzymes when Tween 80 was added. Tween 80 is a viable co-substrate for P. incarnata, as it enhances the ability of P. incarnata to manage effective biodegradation of PAHs. Most of all, the novel laccase and MnP genes ascertained in this study, showed that the genes were involved in the production of ligninolytic enzymes from P. incarnataKUC8836.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwanhwi Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongseon Jang
- Division of Wood Chemistry & Microbiology, Korea Forest Research Institute, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyul Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Hyeok Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Yang J, Ng TB, Lin J, Ye X. A novel laccase from basidiomycete Cerrena sp.: Cloning, heterologous expression, and characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 77:344-9. [PMID: 25825077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel laccase gene Lac1 and its cDNA were cloned from a white-rot fungus Cerrena sp. and characterized. The 1554-bp cDNA of Lac1 encoded a mature protein with 497 amino acids, preceded by a signal peptide of 20 amino acids. An unconventional intron splice site and incomplete splicing variants of Lac1 were observed. Lac1 was heterologously expressed in the yeast host Pichia pastoris, and a maximal laccase activity of 6.3UmL(-1) in the fermentation broth was achieved after fermentation for 9 days. The recombinant protein rLac1 was purified, and its enzymatic properties and functional characteristics were investigated. When ABTS was used as the substrate, the enzyme was most active at pH 3.5 and 55°C, and stable at pH 4-10 and 20-60°C. The Km and kcat values of rLac1 toward ABTS were 28.9 μM and 332.4s(-1), respectively. Furthermore, rLac1 was tolerant to common metal ions up to 100mM concentration and capable of decolorizing structurally different dyes in the absence of a redox mediator. Hence, Lac1 may be useful for industrial applications, such as dye decolorization and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juan Lin
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Xiuyun Ye
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Enzyme Engineering, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
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32
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Abstract
Thermophilic and thermotolerant micro-organisms strains have served as the natural source of industrially relevant and thermostable enzymes. Although some strains of the Trametes
genus are thermotolerant, few Trametes
strains were studied at the temperature above 30 °C until now. In this paper, the laccase activity and the mycelial growth rate for Trametes trogii
LK13 are superior at 37 °C. Thermostability and organic cosolvent tolerance assays of the laccase produced at 37 °C indicated that the enzyme possessed fair thermostability with 50% of its initial activity at 80 °C for 5 min, and could remain 50% enzyme activity treated with organic cosolvent at the concentration range of 25%–50% (v/v). Furthermore, the test on production of laccase and lignocellulolytic enzymes showed the crude enzymes possessed high laccase level (1000 U g
−1
) along with low cellulose (2 U g
−1
) and xylanase (140 U g
−1
) activity. Thus, T. trogii
LK13 is a potential strain to be applied in many biotechnological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Yan
- Biotechnology Research Center of Life Science and Technology College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan, PR China
| | - Yuhui Chen
- College of Life Science, The Southwest Forest University, Kunming Yunnan, PR China
| | - Jiezhen Niu
- Biotechnology Research Center of Life Science and Technology College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan, PR China
| | - Daidi Chen
- Biotechnology Research Center of Life Science and Technology College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan, PR China
| | - Irbis Chagan
- Biotechnology Research Center of Life Science and Technology College, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Yunnan, PR China
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Characterization of the factors that influence sinapine concentration in rapeseed meal during fermentation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116470. [PMID: 25606856 PMCID: PMC4301875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed and compared the difference in sinapine concentration in rapeseed meal between the filamentous fungus, Trametes sp 48424, and the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in both liquid and solid-state fermentation. During liquid and solid-state fermentation by Trametes sp 48424, the sinapine concentration decreased significantly. In contrast, the liquid and solid-state fermentation process by Saccharomyces cerevisiae just slightly decreased the sinapine concentration (P ≤ 0.05). After the solid-state fermented samples were dried, the concentration of sinapine in rapeseed meal decreased significantly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Based on the measurement of laccase activity, we observed that laccase induced the decrease in the concentration of sinapine during fermentation with Trametes sp 48424. In order to eliminate the influence of microorganisms and the metabolites produced during fermentation, high moisture rapeseed meal and the original rapeseed meal were dried at 90°C and 105°C, respectively. During drying, the concentration of sinapine in high moisture rapeseed meal decreased rapidly and we obtained a high correlation coefficient between the concentration of sinapine and loss of moisture. Our results suggest that drying and enzymes, especially laccase that is produced during the solid-state fermentation process, may be the main factors that affect the concentration of sinapine in rapeseed meal.
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Yang J, Lin Q, Ng TB, Ye X, Lin J. Purification and characterization of a novel laccase from Cerrena sp. HYB07 with dye decolorizing ability. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110834. [PMID: 25356987 PMCID: PMC4214704 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases (EC 1.10.3.2) are a class of multi-copper oxidases with important industrial values. A basidiomycete strain Cerrena sp. HYB07 with high laccase yield was identified. After cultivation in the shaking flask for 4 days, a maximal activity of 210.8 U mL−1 was attained. A 58.6-kDa laccase (LacA) with 7.2% carbohydrate and a specific activity of 1952.4 U mg−1 was purified. 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) was the optimal substrate, with Km and kcat being 93.4 µM and 2468.0 s−1, respectively. LacA was stable at 60°C, pH 5.0 and above, and in organic solvents. Metal ions Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ enhanced LacA activity, while Fe2+ and Li+ inhibited LacA activity. LacA decolorized structurally different dyes and a real textile effluent. Its gene and cDNA sequences were obtained. Putative cis-acting transcriptional response elements were identified in the promoter region. The high production yield and activity, robustness and dye decolorizing capacity make LacA and Cerrena sp. HYB07 potentially useful for industrial and environmental applications such as textile finishing and wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Enzyme Expression, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Lin
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiuyun Ye
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Enzyme Expression, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Juan Lin
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Enzyme Expression, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- * E-mail:
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35
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Biochemical and molecular characterization of a novel laccase from selective lignin-degrading white-rot fungus Echinodontium taxodii 2538. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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36
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Feng BZ, Li P. Cloning, characterization and expression of a novel laccase gene Pclac2 from Phytophthora capsici. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:351-7. [PMID: 24948955 PMCID: PMC4059322 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014005000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases are blue copper oxidases (E.C. 1.10.3.2) that catalyze the one-electron oxidation of phenolics, aromatic amines, and other electron-rich substrates with the concomitant reduction of O2 to H2O. A novel laccase gene pclac2 and its corresponding full-length cDNA were cloned and characterized from Phytophthora capsici for the first time. The 1683 bp full-length cDNA of pclac2 encoded a mature laccase protein containing 560 amino acids preceded by a signal peptide of 23 amino acids. The deduced protein sequence of PCLAC2 showed high similarity with other known fungal laccases and contained four copper-binding conserved domains of typical laccase protein. In order to achieve a high level secretion and full activity expression of PCLAC2, expression vector pPIC9K with the Pichia pastoris expression system was used. The recombinant PCLAC2 protein was purified and showed on SDS-PAGE as a single band with an apparent molecular weight ca. 68 kDa. The high activity of purified PCLAC2, 84 U/mL, at the seventh day induced with methanol, was observed with 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothialozin-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) as substrate. The optimum pH and temperature for ABTS were 4.0 and 30 °C, respectively. The reported data add a new piece to the knowledge about P. Capsici laccase multigene family and shed light on potential function about biotechnological and industrial applications of the individual laccase isoforms in oomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Zhen Feng
- Department of Life Sciences Yuncheng University Yuncheng China
| | - Peiqian Li
- Department of Life Sciences Yuncheng University Yuncheng China
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37
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Production of the Phanerochaete flavido-alba laccase in Aspergillus niger for synthetic dyes decolorization and biotransformation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:201-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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38
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Lu L, Wang TN, Xu TF, Wang JY, Wang CL, Zhao M. Cloning and expression of thermo-alkali-stable laccase of Bacillus licheniformis in Pichia pastoris and its characterization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 134:81-6. [PMID: 23500563 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A thermo-alkali-stable laccase gene from Bacillus licheniformis was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant laccase was secreted into the culture medium with a maximum activity of 227.9 U/L. The purified laccase is a monomeric glycoprotein, and its molecular weight was estimated to be 65 kDa on SDS-PAGE after deglycosylation. Optimal enzyme activity was observed at pH 6.2 and 70°C with syringaldazine as substrate. The recombinant laccase was highly stable in the pH range 7-9 after 10 days at 30°C. The enzyme displayed remarkable thermostability at 50-70°C, with a half-life of inactivation at 70°C of 6.9 h. It also exhibited high tolerance to NaCl and organic solvents like the native spore laccase. The purified laccase could rapidly decolorize reactive blue 19, reactive black 5 and indigo carmine in the presence of acetosyringone. More than 93% of the tested dyes were decolorized in 4 h at pH 9.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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39
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Jiang X, Lin J, Liang S, Zhang M. High-Efficient Expression and Pilot Scale Fermentation ofStreptomycesXylanase from a ConstitutivePichia pastorisVector. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2012.755693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Feng B, Li P. Genome-wide identification of laccase gene family in three Phytophthora species. Genetica 2013; 140:477-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-012-9696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Feng
- Department of Life Sciences, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, 044000, China.
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Tamayo-Ramos JA, van Berkel WJH, de Graaff LH. Biocatalytic potential of laccase-like multicopper oxidases from Aspergillus niger. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:165. [PMID: 23270588 PMCID: PMC3548707 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laccase-like multicopper oxidases have been reported in several Aspergillus species but they remain uncharacterized. The biocatalytic potential of the Aspergillus niger fungal pigment multicopper oxidases McoA and McoB and ascomycete laccase McoG was investigated. RESULTS The laccase-like multicopper oxidases McoA, McoB and McoG from the commonly used cell factory Aspergillus niger were homologously expressed, purified and analyzed for their biocatalytic potential. All three recombinant enzymes were monomers with apparent molecular masses ranging from 80 to 110 kDa. McoA and McoG resulted to be blue, whereas McoB was yellow. The newly obtained oxidases displayed strongly different activities towards aromatic compounds and synthetic dyes. McoB exhibited high catalytic efficiency with N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPPDA) and 2,2-azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline) sulfonic acid (ABTS), and appeared to be a promising biocatalyst. Besides oxidizing a variety of phenolic compounds, McoB catalyzed successfully the decolorization and detoxification of the widely used textile dye malachite green. CONCLUSIONS The A. niger McoA, McoB, and McoG enzymes showed clearly different catalytic properties. Yellow McoB showed broad substrate specificity, catalyzing the oxidation of several phenolic compounds commonly present in different industrial effluents. It also harbored high decolorization and detoxification activity with the synthetic dye malachite green, showing to have an interesting potential as a new industrial biocatalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Tamayo-Ramos
- Microbial Systems Biology, Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, Wageningen, 6703 HB, The Netherlands
| | - Willem JH van Berkel
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, Wageningen, 6703 HA, The Netherlands
| | - Leo H de Graaff
- Microbial Systems Biology, Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, Wageningen, 6703 HB, The Netherlands
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Theerachat M, Emond S, Cambon E, Bordes F, Marty A, Nicaud JM, Chulalaksananukul W, Guieysse D, Remaud-Siméon M, Morel S. Engineering and production of laccase from Trametes versicolor in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 125:267-274. [PMID: 23026343 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The lcc1 gene coding for the laccase from Trametes versicolor DSM11269 was cloned into the genome of Yarrowia lipolytica using either single or multiple integration sites. The levels of the recombinant laccase activity secreted in the culture media were 0.25 and 1 U ml(-1) for single and multiple integrations, respectively. The strain with a single integration was successfully used to express variant libraries which were screened on ABTS substrate. The strain encoding the double mutant L185P/Q214K (rM4A) showed a sixfold enhancement in secreted enzyme activity. The catalytic efficiency of the purified rM-4A laccase was respectively increased 2.4- and 2.8-fold towards ABTS and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, compared to the rWT. Culture supernatants containing either rWT or rM-4A catalyzed the almost complete decolorization of an Amaranth solution (70 nMs(-1)). Taken together, our results open new perspectives for the use of Y. lipolytica as a molecular evolution platform to engineer laccases with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monnat Theerachat
- Biological Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Přenosilová L, Křesinová Z, Amemori AS, Cajthaml T, Svobodová K. Transcriptional response of lignin-degrading enzymes to 17α-ethinyloestradiol in two white rots. Microb Biotechnol 2012; 6:300-6. [PMID: 23170978 PMCID: PMC3815924 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal, ligninolytic enzymes have attracted a great attention for their bioremediation capabilities. A deficient knowledge of regulation of enzyme production, however, hinders the use of ligninolytic fungi in bioremediation applications. In this work, a transcriptional analyses of laccase and manganese peroxidase (MnP) production by two white rots was combined with determination of pI of the enzymes and the evaluation of 17α-ethinyloestradiol (EE2) degradation to study regulation mechanisms used by fungi during EE2 degradation. In the cultures of Trametes versicolor the addition of EE2 caused an increase in laccase activity with a maximum of 34.2 ± 6.7 U g⁻¹ of dry mycelia that was observed after 2 days of cultivation. It corresponded to a 4.9 times higher transcription levels of a laccase-encoding gene (lacB) that were detected in the cultures at the same time. Simultaneously, pI values of the fungal laccases were altered in response to the EE2 treatment. Like T. versicolor, Irpex lacteus was also able to remove 10 mg l⁻¹ EE2 within 3 days of cultivation. While an increase to I. lacteus MnP activity and MnP gene transcription levels was observed at the later phase of the cultivation. It suggests another metabolic role of MnP but EE2 degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Přenosilová
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Institute of Microbiology ASCR,v.v.i., Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
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Janusz G, Kucharzyk KH, Pawlik A, Staszczak M, Paszczynski AJ. Fungal laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase: gene expression and regulation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012. [PMID: 23199732 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to characterizing expression of laccases and peroxidases and their regulation in numerous fungal species. Much attention has been brought to these enzymes broad substrate specificity resulting in oxidation of a variety of organic compounds which brings about possibilities of their utilization in biotechnological and environmental applications. Research attempts have resulted in increased production of both laccases and peroxidases by the aid of heterologous and homologous expression. Through analysis of promoter regions, protein expression patterns and culture conditions manipulations it was possible to compare and identify common pathways of these enzymes' production and secretion. Although laccase and peroxidase proteins have been crystallized and thoroughly analyzed, there are still a lot of questions remaining about their evolutionary origin and the physiological functions. This review describes the present understanding of promoter sequences and correlation between the observed regulatory effects on laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase genes transcript levels and the presence of specific response elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Janusz
- Department of Biochemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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Kittl R, Gonaus C, Pillei C, Haltrich D, Ludwig R. Constitutive expression of Botrytis aclada laccase in Pichia pastoris. Bioengineered 2012; 3:232-5. [PMID: 22705842 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.20037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterologous expression of laccases is important for their large-scale production and genetic engineering--a prerequisite for industrial application. Pichia pastoris is the preferred expression host for fungal laccases. The recently cloned laccase from the ascomycete Botrytis aclada (BaLac) has been efficiently expressed in P. pastoris under the control of the inducible alcohol oxidase (AOX1) promoter. In this study, we compare these results to the constitutive expression in the same organism using the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP) promoter. The results show that the amounts of BaLac produced with the GAP system (517 mgL(-1)) and the AOX1 system (495 mgL(-1)) are comparable. The constitutive expression is, however, faster, and the specific activity of BaLac in the culture supernatant is higher (41.3 Umg(-1) GAP, 14.2 Umg(-1) AOX1). In microtiter plates, the constitutive expression provides a clear advantage due to easy manipulation (simple medium, no methanol feeding) and fast enzyme production (high-throughput screening assays can already be performed after 48 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kittl
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Effect of pretreatment of hydrothermally processed rice straw with laccase-displaying yeast on ethanol fermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:939-48. [PMID: 22270238 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A gene encoding laccase I was identified and cloned from the white-rot fungus Trametes sp. Ha1. Laccase I contained 10 introns and an original secretion signal sequence. After laccase I without introns was prepared by overlapping polymerase chain reaction, it was inserted into expression vector pULD1 for yeast cell surface display. The oxidation activity of a laccase-I-displaying yeast as a whole-cell biocatalyst was examined with 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and the constructed yeast showed a high oxidation activity. After the pretreatment of hydrothermally processed rice straw (HPRS) with laccase-I-displaying yeast with ABTS, fermentation was conducted with yeast codisplaying endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and β-glucosidase with HPRS. Fermentation of HPRS treated with laccase-I-displaying yeast was performed with 1.21-fold higher activities than those of HPRS treated with control yeast. The results indicated that pretreatment with laccase-I-displaying yeast with ABTS was effective for direct fermentation of cellulosic materials by yeast codisplaying endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and β-glucosidase.
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Birijlall N, Manimaran A, Kumar KS, Permaul K, Singh S. High level expression of a recombinant xylanase by Pichia pastoris NC38 in a 5 L fermenter and its efficiency in biobleaching of bagasse pulp. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:9723-9729. [PMID: 21852117 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A genetically modified XynA gene from Thermomyces lanuginosus was expressed in Pichia pastoris under the control of GAP promoter. P. pastoris expressed greater levels of xylanase (160 IU ml(-1)) on BMGY medium without zeocin after 56 h. The xylanase production by recombinant P. pastoris was scaled up in a 5L fermenter containing 1% glycerol and the highest xylanase production of 139 IU ml(-1) was observed after 72 h. Further studies carried out in fermenter under controlled pH (5.5) yielded a maximum xylanase production of 177 IU ml(-1) after 72 h. The biobleaching efficacy of crude xylanase was also evaluated on bagasse pulp and a brightness of 47.4% was observed with 50 IU of crude xylanase used per gram of pulp, which was 2.1 points higher in brightness than the untreated samples. Reducing sugars (24.8 mg g(-1)) and UV absorbing lignin-derived compounds values were considerably higher with xylanase treated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Birijlall
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Piscitelli A, Giardina P, Lettera V, Pezzella C, Sannia G, Faraco V. Induction and transcriptional regulation of laccases in fungi. Curr Genomics 2011; 12:104-12. [PMID: 21966248 PMCID: PMC3129044 DOI: 10.2174/138920211795564331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal laccases are phenol oxidases widely studied for their use in several industrial applications, including pulp bleaching in paper industry, dye decolourisation, detoxification of environmental pollutants and revalorization of wastes and wastewaters. The main difficulty in using these enzymes at industrial scale ensues from their production costs. Elucidation of the components and the mechanisms involved in regulation of laccase gene expression is crucial for increasing the productivity of native laccases in fungi. Laccase gene transcription is regulated by metal ions, various aromatic compounds related to lignin or lignin derivatives, nitrogen and carbon sources. In this manuscript, most of the published results on fungal laccase induction, as well as analyses of both the sequences and putative functions of laccase gene promoters are reviewed. Analyses of promoter sequences allow defining a correlation between the observed regulatory effects on laccase gene transcription and the presence of specific responsive elements, and postulating, in some cases, a mechanism for their functioning. Only few reports have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying laccase regulation by different stimuli. The reported analyses suggest the existence of a complex picture of laccase regulation phenomena acting through a variety of cis acting elements. However, the general mechanisms for laccase transcriptional regulation are far from being unravelled yet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vincenza Faraco
- University of Naples “Federico II”, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, via Cintia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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