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Khlebodarova TM, Bogacheva NV, Zadorozhny AV, Bryanskaya AV, Vasilieva AR, Chesnokov DO, Pavlova EI, Peltek SE. Komagataella phaffii as a Platform for Heterologous Expression of Enzymes Used for Industry. Microorganisms 2024; 12:346. [PMID: 38399750 PMCID: PMC10892927 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In the 1980s, Escherichia coli was the preferred host for heterologous protein expression owing to its capacity for rapid growth in complex media; well-studied genetics; rapid and direct transformation with foreign DNA; and easily scalable fermentation. Despite the relative ease of use of E. coli for achieving the high expression of many recombinant proteins, for some proteins, e.g., membrane proteins or proteins of eukaryotic origin, this approach can be rather ineffective. Another microorganism long-used and popular as an expression system is baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In spite of a number of obvious advantages of these yeasts as host cells, there are some limitations on their use as expression systems, for example, inefficient secretion, misfolding, hyperglycosylation, and aberrant proteolytic processing of proteins. Over the past decade, nontraditional yeast species have been adapted to the role of alternative hosts for the production of recombinant proteins, e.g., Komagataella phaffii, Yarrowia lipolytica, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. These yeast species' several physiological characteristics (that are different from those of S. cerevisiae), such as faster growth on cheap carbon sources and higher secretion capacity, make them practical alternative hosts for biotechnological purposes. Currently, the K. phaffii-based expression system is one of the most popular for the production of heterologous proteins. Along with the low secretion of endogenous proteins, K. phaffii efficiently produces and secretes heterologous proteins in high yields, thereby reducing the cost of purifying the latter. This review will discuss practical approaches and technological solutions for the efficient expression of recombinant proteins in K. phaffii, mainly based on the example of enzymes used for the feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara M. Khlebodarova
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Bogacheva
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Zadorozhny
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alla V. Bryanskaya
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Asya R. Vasilieva
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Danil O. Chesnokov
- Sector of Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.O.C.); (E.I.P.)
| | - Elena I. Pavlova
- Sector of Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms of Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (D.O.C.); (E.I.P.)
| | - Sergey E. Peltek
- Kurchatov Genomic Center at Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.M.K.); (N.V.B.); (A.V.Z.); (A.V.B.); (A.R.V.)
- Laboratory Molecular Biotechnologies of the Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Immobilization of endoglucanase isolated from symbiotic bacterium Bacillus safensis CF99 on magnetic nanoparticles. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Xing S, Zhu R, Cheng K, Cai Y, Hu Y, Li C, Zeng X, Zhu Q, He L. Gene Expression, Biochemical Characterization of a sn-1, 3 Extracellular Lipase From Aspergillus niger GZUF36 and Its Model-Structure Analysis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:633489. [PMID: 33776965 PMCID: PMC7994357 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.633489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a sn-1, 3 extracellular lipases from Aspergillus niger GZUF36 (PEXANL1) was expressed in Pichia pastoris, characterized, and the predicted structural model was analyzed. The optimized culture conditions of P. pastoris showed that the highest lipase activity of 66.5 ± 1.4 U/mL (P < 0.05) could be attained with 1% methanol and 96 h induction time. The purified PEXANL1 exhibited the highest activity at pH 4.0 and 40°C temperature, and its original activity remained unaltered in the majority of the organic solvents (20% v/v concentration). Triton X-100, Tween 20, Tween 80, and SDS at a concentration of 0.01% (w/v) enhanced, and all the metal ions tested inhibited activity of purified PEXANL. The results of ultrasound-assisted PEXANL1 catalyzed synthesis of 1,3-diaglycerides showed that the content of 1,3-diglycerides was rapidly increased to 36.90% with 25 min of ultrasound duration (P < 0.05) and later decreased to 19.93% with 35 min of ultrasound duration. The modeled structure of PEXANL1 by comparative modeling showed α/β hydrolase fold. Structural superposition and molecular docking results validated that Ser162, His274, and Asp217 residues of PEXANL1 were involved in the catalysis. Small-angle X-ray scattering analysis indicated the monomer properties of PEXANL1 in solution. The ab initio model of PEXANL1 overlapped with its modeling structure. This work presents a reliable structural model of A. niger lipase based on homology modeling and small-angle X-ray scattering. Besides, the data from this study will benefit the rational design of suitable crystalline lipase variants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Xing
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store and Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ruonan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store and Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store and Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yangyang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store and Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuedan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store and Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Cuiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store and Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xuefeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store and Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiujin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store and Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Laping He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Animal Products Store and Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Province Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering and Biopharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Raza A, Bashir S, Pothula R, Abdelgaffar H, Tabassum R, Anwar MI, Awais MM, Akhtar M, Jurat-Fuentes JL. Expression and functional characterization in yeast of an endoglucanase from Bacillus sonorensis BD92 and its impact as feed additive in commercial broilers. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 176:364-375. [PMID: 33549664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Some ingredients used in poultry feed formulation contain carbohydrate polymers which are difficult to digest and thus hinder nutritional feed value. Toward overcoming this limitation, exogenous enzymes have been added to poultry feed to improve its nutritive value. The present study was designed to provide first enzymatic characterization of endoglucanase (BsEgl) from the genome of B. sonorensis BD92 expressed in Pichia pastoris. Further, we tested its impact alone and in combination with a β-glucosidase (Bteqβgluc) on growth in commercial broilers as feed additive. The expressed enzyme displayed features of GH5 family and had optimum activity against carboxymethyl cellulose at pH 5 and 50 °C. The BsEgl was stable at a range of pH from 4 to 8 for 60 min and at 50 °C for 180 min. Supplementing broilers diet with BsEgl alone or in combination with Bteqβgluc resulted in better feed conversion ratio among treatments during a five weeks testing period. Moreover, meat percentage was also highest for this treatment, and all treatments with recombinant enzymes increased intestinal length in birds compared to treatment control group. Blood parameters and serum biochemistry profile showed non-significant difference among groups. These results support that recombinant cellulolytic enzymes supplement high fiber diets improve their nutritional performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Raza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saira Bashir
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ratnasri Pothula
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Heba Abdelgaffar
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Romana Tabassum
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan; Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan Anwar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mian Muhammad Awais
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Masood Akhtar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Huang Q, Wang K, Li H, Yi S, Zhao X. Enhancing cellulosic ethanol production through coevolution of multiple enzymatic characteristics of β-glucosidase from Penicillium oxalicum 16. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8299-8308. [PMID: 32857198 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10858-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, we isolated a novel β-glucosidase from Penicillium oxalicum 16 (16BGL), which is useful for producing cellulosic ethanol. However, 16BGL has a relatively low enzyme activity and product tolerance; besides, a huge gap exists between the optimum temperature of 16BGL (70 °C) and the fermentation temperature for producing cellulosic ethanol (40 °C). Here, we present a directed evolution-based study, which combines one-round error-prone PCR with three rounds of high-throughput screening, for coevolving multiple enzymatic characteristics of 16BGL. We identified an improved variant Y-1-B1 with a triple mutant (G414S/D421V/T441S). Y-1-B1 had an optimum temperature of 50 °C, much closer to the fermentation temperature. The catalytic efficiency of Y-1-B1 for hydrolyzing pNPG was 1355 mM-1 s-1 at 50 °C and pH 5, significantly higher than that of 16BGL (807 mM-1 s-1). Y-1-B1 also achieved a slightly reduced strength of product inhibition of 1.1 at a glucose concentration of 20 mM, compared with the ratio of 1.3 for 16BGL. A maximum titer of 6.9 g/L for ethanol production was achieved in the reaction with Y-1-B1, which was 22% higher than that achieved with 16BGL. Structure modeling revealed that the mutations are distant from the active-site pocket. Therefore, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to understand why these mutations can improve catalytic efficiency. MD simulation revealed that the nucleophilic residue Asp261 had a much closer contact with the glucosidic center of pNPG in the simulation with Y-1-B1 than that with 16BGL, suggesting that the mutant is more favorable for catalysis. KEY POINTS: • Multiple enzymatic properties of Penicillium oxalicum 16 BGL were coevolved. • A catalytically efficient triple mutant G414S/D421V/T441S was reported. • Molecular dynamics simulation supported the enhanced catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Huang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Hanxin Li
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Shi Yi
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xihua Zhao
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
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Wang K, Huang Q, Li H, Zhao X. Co-evolution of β-glucosidase activity and product tolerance for increasing cellulosic ethanol yield. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:2239-2250. [PMID: 32583369 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02935-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
β-Glucosidase (BGL) plays a key role in cellulose hydrolysis. However, it is still a great challenge to enhance product tolerance and enzyme activity of BGL simultaneously. Here, we utilized one round error-prone PCR to engineer the Penicillium oxalicum 16 BGL (16BGL) for improving the cellulosic ethanol yield. We identified a new variant (L-6C), a triple mutant (M280T/V484L/D589E), with enhanced catalytic efficiency ([Formula: see text]) for hydrolyzing pNPG and reduced strength of inhibition ([Formula: see text]) by glucose. To be specific, L-6C achieved a [Formula: see text] of 0.35 at a glucose concentration of 20 mM, which was 3.63 times lower than that attained by 16BGL. The catalytic efficiency for L-6C to hydrolyze pNPG was determined to be 983.68 mM-1 s-1, which was 22% higher than that for 16BGL. However, experiments showed that L-6C had reduced binding affinity (2.88 mM) to pNGP compared with 16BGL (1.69 mM). L-6C produced 6.15 g/L ethanol whose yield increased by about 10% than 16BGL. We performed molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and binding free energy calculation using the Molecular Mechanics/Poisson Boltzmann surface area (MM/PBSA) method. MD simulation together with the MM/PBSA calculation suggested that L-6C had reduced binding free energy to pNPG, which was consistent with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Qiuxia Huang
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Hanxin Li
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Xihua Zhao
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, China.
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Wu B, Zheng S, Pedroso MM, Guddat LW, Chang S, He B, Schenk G. Processivity and enzymatic mechanism of a multifunctional family 5 endoglucanase from Bacillus subtilis BS-5 with potential applications in the saccharification of cellulosic substrates. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:20. [PMID: 29422948 PMCID: PMC5787917 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Presently, enzymes still constitute a major part of the cost of biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass. Processive endoglucanases, which possess both endoglucanase and exoglucanase activity, have the potential to reduce the costs of biomass saccharification when used together with commercial cellulases. Therefore, the exploration of new processive endoglucanases has attracted much attention with a view to accelerating the industrialization of biofuels and biochemicals. RESULTS The endoglucanase EG5C and its truncated form EG5C-1 from Bacillus subtilis BS-5 were expressed and characterized. EG5C was a typical endoglucanase, comprised of a family 5 catalytic domain and family 3 carbohydrate-binding domain, and which had high activity toward soluble cellulosic substrates, but low activity toward insoluble cellulosic substrates. Importantly, the truncated form EG5C-1 was a processive endoglucanase that hydrolyzed not only carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), but also insoluble cellulosic substrates. The hydrolytic activities of EG5C-1 towards CMC, phosphoric acid-swollen cellulose (PASC), p-nitrophenyl-β-d-cellobioside, filter paper and Avicel are 4170, 700, 2550, 405 and 320 U/μmol, respectively. These data demonstrated that EG5C-1 had higher activity ratio of exoglucanase to endoglucanase than other known processive endoglucanases. When PASC was degraded by EG5C-1, the ratio of soluble to insoluble reducing sugars was about 3.7 after 3 h of incubation with cellobiose and cellotriose as the main products. Importantly, EG5C-1 alone was able to hydrolyze filter paper and PASC. At 5% substrate concentration and 10 FPU/g PASC enzyme loading, the saccharification yield was 76.5% after 60 h of incubation. Replacement of a phenylalanine residue (F238) by an alanine at the entrance/exit of the substrate binding cleft significantly reduces the ability of EG5C-1 to degrade filter paper and Avicel, but this mutation has little impact on CMCase activity. The processivity of this mutant was also greatly reduced while its cellulose binding ability was markedly enhanced. CONCLUSIONS The processive endoglucanase EG5C-1 from B. subtilis BS-5 exhibits excellent properties that render it a suitable candidate for use in biofuel and biochemical production from lignocellulosic biomass. In addition, our studies also provide useful information for research on enzyme processivity at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan road, Nanjing, 211816 Jiangsu China
- China Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, 30 Puzhunan road, Nanjing, 211816 Jiangsu China
| | - Shan Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Marcelo Monteiro Pedroso
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Luke W. Guddat
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Siyuan Chang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan road, Nanjing, 211816 Jiangsu China
| | - Bingfang He
- China Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, 30 Puzhunan road, Nanjing, 211816 Jiangsu China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhunan road, Nanjing, 211816 Jiangsu China
| | - Gerhard Schenk
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
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Chahed H, Boumaiza M, Ezzine A, Marzouki M. Heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of a novel thermostable Sclerotinia sclerotiorum GH45 endoglucanase in Pichia pastoris. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:629-635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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High-level expression and purification of a molluskan endoglucanase from Ampullaria crossean in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 139:8-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Obeng EM, Budiman C, Ongkudon CM. Identifying additives for cellulase enhancement—A systematic approach. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Prabhu RR, Parashar D, Satyanarayana T. Production and characteristics of the recombinant extracellular bifunctional endoglucanase of the polyextremophilic bacterium Bacillus halodurans and its applicability in saccharifying agro-residues. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 40:651-662. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ergün BG, Çalık P. Lignocellulose degrading extremozymes produced by Pichia pastoris: current status and future prospects. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:1-36. [PMID: 26497303 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, extremophilic lignocellulosic enzymes with special interest on xylanases, β-mannanases, laccases and finally cellulases, namely, endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases produced by Pichia pastoris are reviewed for the first time. Recombinant lignocellulosic extremozymes are discussed from the perspectives of their potential application areas; characteristics of recombinant and native enzymes; the effects of P. pastoris expression system on recombinant extremozymes; and their expression levels and applied strategies to increase the enzyme expression yield. Further, effects of enzyme domains on activity and stability, protein engineering via molecular dynamics simulation and computational prediction, and site-directed mutagenesis and amino acid modifications done are also focused. Superior enzyme characteristics and improved stability due to the proper post-translational modifications and better protein folding performed by P. pastoris make this host favourable for extremozyme production. Especially, glycosylation contributes to the structure, function and stability of enzymes, as generally glycosylated enzymes produced by P. pastoris exhibit better thermostability than non-glycosylated enzymes. However, there has been limited study on enzyme engineering to improve catalytic efficiency and stability of lignocellulosic enzymes. Thus, in the future, studies should focus on protein engineering to improve stability and catalytic efficiency via computational modelling, mutations, domain replacements and fusion enzyme technology. Also metagenomic data need to be used more extensively to produce novel enzymes with extreme characteristics and stability.
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A Newly Isolated Penicillium oxalicum 16 Cellulase with High Efficient Synergism and High Tolerance of Monosaccharide. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:173-83. [PMID: 26410224 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Compared to Trichoderma reesei RUT-C30 cellulase (Trcel), Penicillium oxalicum 16 cellulase (P16cel) from the fermentation supernatant produced a 2-fold higher glucose yield when degrading microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), possessed a 10-fold higher β-glucosidase (BGL) activity, but obtained somewhat lower other cellulase component activities. The optimal temperature and pH of β-1,4-endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase, and filter paperase from P16cel were 50-60 °C and 4-5, respectively, but those of BGL reached 70 °C and 5. The cellulase cocktail of P16cel and Trcel had a high synergism when solubilizing MCC and generated 1.7-fold and 6.2-fold higher glucose yields than P16cel and Trcel at the same filter paperase loading, respectively. Additional low concentration of fructose enhanced the glucose yield during enzymatic hydrolysis of MCC; however, additional high concentration of monosaccharide (especially glucose) reduced cellulase activities and gave a stronger monosaccharide inhibition on Trcel. These results indicate that P16cel is a more excellent cellulase than Trcel.
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Hong SM, Sung HS, Kang MH, Kim CG, Lee YH, Kim DJ, Lee JM, Kusakabe T. Characterization of Cryptopygus antarcticus endo-β-1,4-glucanase from Bombyx mori expression systems. Mol Biotechnol 2015; 56:878-89. [PMID: 24848382 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endo-β-1,4-glucanase (CaCel) from Antarctic springtail, Cryptopygus antarcticus, a cellulase with high activity at low temperature, shows potential industrial use. To obtain sufficient active cellulase for characterization, CaCel gene was expressed in Bombyx mori-baculovirus expression systems. Recombinant CaCel (rCaCel) has been expressed in Escherichia coli (Ec-CaCel) at temperatures below 10°C, but the expression yield was low. Here, rCaCel with a silkworm secretion signal (Bm-CaCel) was successfully expressed and secreted into pupal hemolymph and purified to near 90% purity by Ni-affinity chromatography. The yield and specific activity of rCaCel purified from B. mori were estimated at 31 mg/l and 43.2 U/mg, respectively, which is significantly higher than the CaCel yield obtained from E. coli (0.46 mg/l and 35.8 U/mg). The optimal pH and temperature for the rCaCels purified from E. coli and B. mori were 3.5 and 50°C. Both rCaCels were active at a broad range of pH values and temperatures, and retained more than 30% of their maximal activity at 0°C. Oligosaccharide structural analysis revealed that Bm-CaCel contains elaborated N- and O-linked glycans, whereas Ec-CaCel contains putative O-linked glycans. Thermostability of Bm-CaCel from B. mori at 60°C was higher than that from E. coli, probably due to glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mee Hong
- Research and Development Department, Gyeongbuk Institute for Marine Bioindustry, Uljin, 767-813, Republic of Korea,
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Zhao L, Geng J, Guo Y, Liao X, Liu X, Wu R, Zheng Z, Zhang R. Expression of the Thermobifida fusca xylanase Xyn11A in Pichia pastoris and its characterization. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:18. [PMID: 25887328 PMCID: PMC4369062 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xylan is a major component of plant cells and the most abundant hemicellulose. Xylanases degrade xylan into monomers by randomly cleaving β-1,4-glycosidic bonds in the xylan backbone, and have widespread potential applications in various industries. The purpose of our study was to clone and express the endoxylanase gene xynA of Thermobifida fusca YX in its native form and with a C-terminal histidine (His) tag in Pichia pastoris X-33. We analyzed and compared these two forms of the protein and examined their potential applications in various industries. RESULTS The xynA gene from T. fusca YX was successfully cloned and expressed using P. pastoris X-33. We produced a recombinant native form of the protein (rXyn11A) and a C-terminal His-tagged form of the desired protein (rXyn11A-(His)6). The specific activities of rXyn11A and rXyn11A-(His)6 in culture supernatants approached 149.4 and 133.4 U/mg, respectively. These activities were approximately 4- and 3.5-fold higher than those for the non-recombinant wild-type Xyn11A (29.3 U/mg). Following purification, the specific activities of rXyn11A and rXyn11A-(His)6 were 557.35 and 515.84 U/mg, respectively. The specific activity of rXyn11A was 8% higher than that of rXyn11A-(His)6. Both recombinant xylanases were optimally active at 80°C and pH 8.0, and exhibited greater than 60% activity between pH 6-9 and 60-80°C. They exhibited similar pH stability, while rXyn11A exhibited better thermostability; N-glycosylation enhanced the thermostability of both recombinant xylanases. The products of beechwood xylan hydrolyzed by both xylanases included xylobiose, xylotriose, xylotetraose and xylopentaose. CONCLUSIONS The C-terminal His tag had adverse effects when added to the Xyn11A protein. The thermostability of both recombinant xylanases was enhanced by N-glycosylation. Their stabilities at a high pH and temperature indicate their potential for application in various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longmei Zhao
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jiang Geng
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yaoqi Guo
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiudong Liao
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xuhui Liu
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Rujuan Wu
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhaojun Zheng
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Rijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Cloning, expression and characterization of the endoglucanase gene from Bacillus subtilis UMC7 isolated from the gut of the indigenous termite Macrotermes malaccensis in Escherichia coli. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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RAMDANI MOEIS MAELITA, NATALIA DESSY, WIDYA NINGRUM RAHMA, DWIJAYANTI ARI. Cloning and Expression of Endoglucanase Gene from Thermophilic Bacteria Bacillus sp. RP1. MICROBIOLOGY INDONESIA 2014. [DOI: 10.5454/mi.8.4.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Miyazaki T, Yashiro H, Nishikawa A, Tonozuka T. The side chain of a glycosylated asparagine residue is important for the stability of isopullulanase. J Biochem 2014; 157:225-34. [PMID: 25359784 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvu065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation has been shown to be important for the stability of some glycoproteins. Isopullulanase (IPU), a polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzyme, is a highly N-glycosylated protein, and IPU deglycosylation results in a decrease in thermostability. To investigate the function of N-glycan in IPU, we focused on an N-glycosylated residue located in the vicinity of the active site, Asn448. The thermostabilities of three IPU variants, Y440A, N448A and S450A, were 0.5-8.4°C lower than the wild-type enzyme. The crystal structure of endoglycosidase H (Endo H)-treated N448A variant was determined. There are four IPU molecules, Mol-A, B, C and D, in the asymmetric unit. The conformation of a loop composed of amino acid residues 435-455 in Mol-C was identical to wild-type IPU, whereas the conformations of this loop in Mol-A, Mol-B and Mol-D were different from each other. These results suggest that the Asn448 side chain is primarily important for the stability of IPU. Our results indicate that mutation of only N-glycosylated Asn residue may lead to incorrect conclusion for the evaluation of the function of N-glycan. Usually, the structures of N-glycosylation sites form an extended configuration in IPU; however, the Asn448 site had an atypical structure that lacked this configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatsugu Miyazaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yashiro
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takashi Tonozuka
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Qin Y, Qu Y. Asn124 of Cel5A from Hypocrea jecorina not only provides the N-glycosylation site but is also essential in maintaining enzymatic activity. BMB Rep 2014; 47:256-61. [PMID: 24286316 PMCID: PMC4163860 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.5.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the function of N-glycosylation of Cel5A (endoglucanase II) from Hypocrea jecorina, two N-glycosylation site deletion Cel5A mutants (rN124D and rN124H) were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The weights of these recombinant mutants were 54 kDa, which were lower than that of rCel5A. This result was expected to be attributed to deglycosylation. The enzyme activity of rN124H was greatly reduced to 60.6% compared with rCel5A, whereas rN124D showed slightly lower activity (10%) than that of rCel5A. rN124D and rN124H showed different thermal stabilities compared with the glycosylated rCel5A, especially at lower pH value. Thermal stabilities were reduced and improved for rN124D and rN124H, respectively. Circular dichroism spectroscopy showed that the modification of secondary structure by mutation may be the reason for the change in enzymatic activity and thermal stability. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(5): 256-261]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Qin
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27, Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yinbo Qu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 27, Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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Zhao XH, Wei DZ, Wang W. Cloning, Expression, Sequence Analysis, and Partial Characterization of Two Alkaline β-1, 4-endoglucanases of Phaeosphaeria sp. LH21 from Deep-Sea Mud. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:1295-302. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0924-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Expression and characterization of hyperthermotolerant xylanases, SyXyn11P and SyXyn11E, in Pichia pastoris and Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:3476-87. [PMID: 24549804 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0786-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Both Syxyn11P and Syxyn11E, two codon-optimized genes encoding glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 11 hyperthermotolerant xylanases (designated SyXyn11P and SyXyn11E), were synthesized and inserted into pPIC9K(M) and pET-28a(+) vectors, respectively. The resulting recombinant expression vectors, pPIC9K(M)-Syxyn11P and pET-28a(+)-Syxyn11E, were transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115 and Escherichia coli BL21, respectively. The maximum activities of two recombinant xylanases (reSyXyn11P and reSyXyn11E) expressed in P. pastoris and E. coli reached 30.9 and 17.8 U/ml, respectively. The purified reSyXyn11P and reSyXyn11E displayed the same pH optimum at 6.5 and pH stability at a broad range of 4.5-9.0. The temperature optimum and stability of reSyXyn11P were 85 and 80 °C, higher than those of reSyXyn11E, respectively. Their activities were not significantly affected by metal ions tested and EDTA, but strongly inhibited by Mn(2+) and Ag(+). The K m and V max of reSyXyn11P toward birchwood xylan were 4.3 mg/ml and 694.6 U/mg, whose K m was close to that (4.8 mg/ml), but whose V max was much higher than that (205.6 U/mg) of reSyXyn11E. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that xylobiose and xylotriose as the major products were excised from insoluble corncob xylan by reSyXyn11P.
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Characterization and High Level Expression of Acidic Endoglucanase in Pichia pastoris. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:2253-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0672-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wang TY, Huang CJ, Chen HL, Ho PC, Ke HM, Cho HY, Ruan SK, Hung KY, Wang IL, Cai YW, Sung HM, Li WH, Shih MC. Systematic screening of glycosylation- and trafficking-associated gene knockouts in Saccharomyces cerevisiae identifies mutants with improved heterologous exocellulase activity and host secretion. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:71. [PMID: 24004614 PMCID: PMC3766678 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a strong fermentator, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has the potential to be an excellent host for ethanol production by consolidated bioprocessing. For this purpose, it is necessary to transform cellulose genes into the yeast genome because it contains no cellulose genes. However, heterologous protein expression in S. cerevisiae often suffers from hyper-glycosylation and/or poor secretion. Thus, there is a need to genetically engineer the yeast to reduce its glycosylation strength and to increase its secretion ability. Results Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene-knockout strains were screened for improved extracellular activity of a recombinant exocellulase (PCX) from the cellulose digesting fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Knockout mutants of 47 glycosylation-related genes and 10 protein-trafficking-related genes were transformed with a PCX expression construct and screened for extracellular cellulase activity. Twelve of the screened mutants were found to have a more than 2-fold increase in extracellular PCX activity in comparison with the wild type. The extracellular PCX activities in the glycosylation-related mnn10 and pmt5 null mutants were, respectively, 6 and 4 times higher than that of the wild type; and the extracellular PCX activities in 9 protein-trafficking-related mutants, especially in the chc1, clc1 and vps21 null mutants, were at least 1.5 times higher than the parental strains. Site-directed mutagenesis studies further revealed that the degree of N-glycosylation also plays an important role in heterologous cellulase activity in S. cerevisiae. Conclusions Systematic screening of knockout mutants of glycosylation- and protein trafficking-associated genes in S. cerevisiae revealed that: (1) blocking Golgi-to-endosome transport may force S. cerevisiae to export cellulases; and (2) both over- and under-glycosylation may alter the enzyme activity of cellulases. This systematic gene-knockout screening approach may serve as a convenient means for increasing the extracellular activities of recombinant proteins expressed in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzi-Yuan Wang
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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