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Chen B, Tan H, Li C, Li L, Zhang Z, Li Z. Enhanced hypoxanthine utilization for cAMP salvage synthesis efficiently by Arthrobacter sp. CCTCC 2013431 via xanthine oxidase inhibition. Biotechnol Lett 2024:10.1007/s10529-024-03513-z. [PMID: 39066959 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
When hypoxanthine was utilized as the activator for the salvage pathway in cAMP synthesis, xanthine oxidase would generate in quantity leading to low hypoxanthine conversion ratios and cell viability. To enhance cAMP salvage synthesis, fermentations with citrate/luteolin and hypoxanthine coupling added were conducted in a 7 L bioreactor and then multiple physiological indicators of fermentation with luteolin addition were assayed. Due to hypoxanthine feeding, cAMP productivity reached 0.066 g/(L·h) with 43.5% higher than control, however, cAMP synthesis, cell growth and glucose uptake all ceased at 50 h which was shortened by 22 h in comparison to control. The addition of citrate resulted in the cessation of fermentation at 61 h, on the contrary, owing to luteolin addition, cAMP fermentation performance was enhanced significantly during the whole fermentation period (72 h) with higher hypoxanthine conversion ratios and cAMP contents when compared with citrate and only hypoxanthine added batches. Multiple physiological indicators revealed that luteolin inhibited xanthine oxidase activity reducing hypoxanthine decomposition and ROS generation. ATP/AMP, NADH/NAD+ and NADPH/NADP+ were significantly increased especially at the late phase. Moreover, HPRT, PUP expression contents and corresponding gene transcription levels were also elevated. Luteolin could inhibit xanthine oxidase activity and further decrease hypoxanthine decomposition and ROS generation leading to higher hypoxanthine conversion and less cell damage for cAMP salvage synthesis efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofeng Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, 90 Hualan Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Hai Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, 90 Hualan Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Chang Li
- School of Humanity and Law, Zhengzhou Technology and Business University, Zhengzhou, 451400, China
| | - Linbo Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, 90 Hualan Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, 90 Hualan Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, 90 Hualan Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
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2
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He D, Wu H, Jiang H, Zhang Z, Wang C, Wang D, Wei G. Screening of Selenium/Glutathione-Enriched Candida utilis and Its Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2786-2796. [PMID: 37773483 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03882-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to screen a mutant of Candida utilis SE-172 with high selenite tolerance and glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis capability via 60Co γ-radiation mutagenesis to prepare selenium (Se)-enriched yeast. The maximal intracellular contents of GSH and organic Se of 22.94 mg/g and 1308.1 μg/g were obtained, respectively, under a batch culture of SE-172. The physiological mechanism underlying increased GSH and organic Se contents in Se/GSH-enriched C. utilis SE-172 was revealed based on assaying activities of γ-glutamylcysteine synthase (γ-GCS) involved in GSH biosynthesis and selenophosphate synthase (SPS) related to organic Se bioconversion, and by determining intracellular ATP and NADH contents and ATP/ADP and NADH/NAD+ ratios associated with energy supply and regeneration. Moreover, the effect of this selenized yeast on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in mice with colitis was investigated. The supplementation of Se/GSH-enriched yeast decreased the dextran sodium sulfate-induced damage to colon tissues, reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory factors [interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] in serum, increased the antioxidant-related enzyme [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)] activities, and decreased the malondialdehyde content in colon. The Se/GSH-enriched C. utilis SE-172 showed potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in mice with colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohong He
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199# Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Huasheng Wu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199# Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Huishu Jiang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199# Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199# Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Chonglong Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199# Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahui Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199# Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Gongyuan Wei
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, 199# Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Zeng N, Zhang N, Wang D, Long J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Pu F, Li Z, Baloch FB, Li B. Regulation of cell differentiation to promote pullulan synthesis in Aureobasidium pullulans NG. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6761-6773. [PMID: 37698607 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12758-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Pullulan is a polymer produced by Aureobasidium spp. The yield of pullulan production can be impacted by the cellular differentiation of Aureobasidium spp., which changes with alterations in the growth environment. To improve pullulan yield, identifying key factors that regulate cellular differentiation is crucial. In this study, the main form of pullulan synthesis in Aureobasidium pullulans NG was through swollen cells (SC). The results showed that citric acid (CA) can regulate the cellular differentiation of Aureobasidium pullulans NG by accumulating higher levels of CA in the cells to maintain growth in SC form and increase pullulan production. The addition of 1.0% CA to Aureobasidium pullulans NG for 96 h resulted in a significant increase in pullulan production, producing 18.32 g/l compared to the control group which produced 10.23 g/l. Our findings suggest that controlling cellular differentiation using CA is a promising approach for enhancing pullulan production in Aureobasidium pullulans. KEY POINTS: • The regulation of cell differentiation in Aureobasidium pullulans NG is demonstrated to be influenced by citric acid. • Intracellular citric acid levels in Aureobasidium pullulans NG have been shown to support the growth of swollen cells. • Citric acid has been found to increase pullulan production in Aureobasidium pullulans NG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zeng
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dandan Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Long
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjiao Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Yating Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangxiong Pu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijing Li
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Faryal Babar Baloch
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingxue Li
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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Subash Chandra Bose K, Shah MI, Krishna J, Sankaranarayanan M. Genome-scale metabolic model analysis of Pichia pastoris for enhancing the production of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:1471-1482. [PMID: 37597025 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Komagataella phaffii, formerly Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris), is a promising methylotrophic yeast used in industry to produce recombinant protein and valuable metabolites. In this study, a genome-scale metabolic model (GEMs) was reconstructed and used to assess P. pastoris' metabolic capabilities for the production of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet or SAM or SAMe) from individual carbon sources along with the addition of L-methionine. In a model-driven P. pastoris strain, the well-established genome-scale metabolic model iAUKM can be implemented to predict high valuable metabolite production. The model, iAUKM, was created by merging the previously published iMT1026 model and the draught model generated using Raven toolbox from the KEGG database which covered 2309 enzymatic reactions associated with 1033 metabolic genes and 1750 metabolites. The highly curated model was successful in capturing P. pastoris growth on various carbon sources, as well as AdoMet production under various growth conditions. Many overexpression gene targets for increasing AdoMet accumulation in the cell have been predicted for various carbon sources. Inorganic phosphatase (IPP) was one of the predicted overexpression targets as revealed from simulations using iAUKM. When IPP gene was integrated into P. pastoris, we found that AdoMet accumulation increased by 16% and 14% using glucose and glycerol as carbon sources, respectively. Our in silico results shed light on the factors limiting AdoMet production, as well as key pathways for rationalized engineering to increase AdoMet yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohd Imran Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Untargeted Metabolomics Combined with Metabolic Flux Analysis Reveals the Mechanism of Sodium Citrate for High S-Adenosyl-Methionine Production by Pichia pastoris. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) is crucial for organisms to maintain some physiological functions. However, the inconsistency between high L-methionine feeding rate and yield during SAM production at an industrial scale and its metabolic mechanism have not been elucidated. Here, the cellular metabolic mechanism of feeding sodium citrate to the Pichia pastoris (P. pastoris) G12’/AOX-acs2 strain to enhance SAM production was investigated using untargeted metabolomics and metabolic flux analysis. The results indicated that the addition of sodium citrate has a facilitative effect on SAM production. In addition, 25 metabolites, such as citrate, cis-aconitate, and L-glutamine, were significantly up-regulated, and 16 metabolites, such as glutathione, were significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, these significantly differential metabolites were mainly distributed in 13 metabolic pathways, such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. In addition, the metabolic fluxes of the glycolysis pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, TCA cycle, and glyoxylate pathway were increased by 20.45–29.32%, respectively, under the condition of feeding sodium citrate compared with the control. Finally, it was speculated that the upregulation of dihydroxyacetone level might increase the activity of alcohol oxidase AOX1 to promote methanol metabolism by combining metabolomics and fluxomics. Meanwhile, acetyl coenzyme A might enhance the activity of citrate synthase through allosteric activation to promote the flux of the TCA cycle and increase the level of intracellular oxidative phosphorylation, thus contributing to SAM production. These new insights into the L-methionine utilization for SAM biosynthesis by systematic biology in P. pastoris provides a novel vision for increasing its industrial production.
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Gao Y, Liu N, Zhu Y, Yu S, Liu Q, Shi X, Xu J, Xu G, Zhang X, Shi J, Xu Z. Improving glutathione production by engineered Pichia pastoris: strain construction and optimal precursor feeding. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1905-1917. [PMID: 35218387 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is a metabolite that plays an important role in the fields of pharmacy, food, and cosmetics. Thus, it is necessary to increase its production to meet the demands. In this study, ScGSH1, ScGSH2, and StGshF were heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 to realize the dual-path synthesis of GSH in yeast. To explore the effects of ATP metabolism on the synthesis of GSH, enzymes (ScADK1, PpADK1, VsVHB) of the ATP-related metabolic pathway and the energy co-substrate sodium citrate were taken into account. We found that both ScADK1 and sodium citrate had a positive influence on the synthesis of GSH. Then, a fermentation experiment in Erlenmeyer flasks was performed using the G3-SF strain (containing ScGSH1, ScGSH2, StGshF, and ScADK1), with the highest GSH titer and yield of 999.33 ± 47.26 mg/L and 91.53 ± 4.70 mg/g, respectively. Finally, the fermentation was scaled up in a 5-L fermentor, and the highest titer and yield were improved to 5680 mg/L and 45.13 mg/g, respectively, by optimizing the addition conditions of amino acids (40 mM added after 40 h). Our work provides an alternative strategy by combining dual-path synthesis with energy metabolism regulation and precursor feeding to improve GSH production. Key Points • ScGSH1, ScGSH2, and StGshF were overexpressed to achieve dual-path synthesis of GSH in yeast. • ScADK1 was overexpressed, and sodium citrate was added to increase the energy supply for GSH synthesis. • The addition conditions of amino acids were optimized to realize the efficient synthesis of GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Na Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yaxin Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Shiyu Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qiulin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiangliu Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Life Science and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Wuxi Fortune Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Wuxi, 214041, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Life Science and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jinsong Shi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Life Science and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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7
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Liu J, Tian M, Wang Z, Xiao F, Huang X, Shan Y. Production of hesperetin from naringenin in an engineered Escherichia coli consortium. J Biotechnol 2022; 347:67-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Li Z, Chen B, Gu Y, Tan H, Zhang Z, Chang J. Enhanced endogenous amino acids and energy metabolism level for cAMP biosynthesis by Arthrobacter sp. CCTCC 2013431 with citrate as cosubstrate. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1989-1999. [PMID: 34392452 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In our previous study, citrate was used as auxiliary energy substance for improving cAMP fermentation performance, however, the regulation mechanism of citrate on improved cAMP contents was not clear. To elucidate the regulation mechanism, cAMP fermentations with/without citrate addition were conducted in a 7 L fermentor using Arthrobacter sp. CCTCC 2013431 and assays on key enzymes activities, energy metabolism level, amino acids contents and peroxidation level were performed. RESULTS With 3 g/L-broth sodium citrate added, cAMP concentration and conversion yield from glucose reached 4.34 g/L and 0.076 g/g which were improved by 30.7% and 29.8%, respectively, when compared with those of control. Citrate changed carbon flux distribution among different routes and more carbon flux was directed into pentose phosphate pathway beneficial to cAMP synthesis. Meanwhile, energy metabolism together with precursor amino acids levels were improved significantly owing to strengthened metabolic intensity of tricarboxylate cycle by exogenous citrate utilization which provided energy and substance basis for cAMP production. Moreover, higher glutamate synthesis and oxidative stress caused by citrate addition consumed excessive NADPH derived from pentose phosphate pathway by which feedback suppression for pentose phosphate pathway was relieved efficiently. CONCLUSION Citrate promoted cAMP fermentation production by Arthrobacter sp. CCTCC 2013431 due to enhanced precursor amino acids, energy metabolism level and relieved feedback suppression for pentose phosphate pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Xinxiang, 453003, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, 90 Hualan Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Baofeng Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, 90 Hualan Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Yang Gu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, 90 Hualan Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Hai Tan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, 90 Hualan Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhonghua Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, 90 Hualan Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jingling Chang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Xinxiang, 453003, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, 90 Hualan Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China.
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9
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Enhanced glutathione production by bifunctional enzyme coupling with ydaO-based ATP regulating system in Escherichia coli. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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10
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Chen H, Cao X, Zhu N, Jiang L, Zhang X, He Q, Wei P. A stepwise control strategy for glutathione synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on oxidative stress and energy metabolism. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:117. [PMID: 32676694 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A stepwise control strategy for enhancing glutathione (GSH) synthesis in yeast based on oxidative stress and energy metabolism was investigated. First, molasses and corn steep liquor were selected and fed as carbon source mixture at a flow rate of 1.5 g/L/h and 0.4 g/L/h, respectively, for increasing cell density in a 10 L fermenter. When the biomass reached 90 g/L, the KMnO4 sustained-release particles, composed of 1.5% KMnO4, 3% stearic acid, 2% polyethylene glycol and 3% agar powder, were prepared and added to the fermentation broth for maintaining the oxidative stress. The results showed that the maximum GSH accumulation of the group fed KMnO4 sustained-release particles was 39.0% higher than that of KMnO4-fed group. In addition to the improved average GSH productivity and average specific production rate, the activities of GSH peroxidase, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and GSH reductase, enzymes taking part in GSH metabolism, were also significantly enhanced by KMnO4 sustained-release particles feeding. Finally, 6 g/L sodium citrate fed as an energy adjuvant elevated the intracellular ATP level for further enhancing GSH production. Through the above stepwise strategy, the GSH accumulation reached 5.76 g/L, which was 2.84-fold higher than that of the control group. The stepwise control strategy based on oxidative stress and energy metabolism significantly improved GSH accumulation in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 93 Ji Chuan Road, Taizhou, 225300, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xitao Cao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Sibaidu, Zhenjiang, 212018, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianqing Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 93 Ji Chuan Road, Taizhou, 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 93 Ji Chuan Road, Taizhou, 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoge Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 93 Ji Chuan Road, Taizhou, 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingming He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 93 Ji Chuan Road, Taizhou, 225300, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinghe Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chiral Pharmaceuticals Biosynthesis, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Taizhou University, 93 Ji Chuan Road, Taizhou, 225300, People's Republic of China
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11
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Qin X, Lu J, Zhang Y, Wu X, Qiao X, Wang Z, Chu J, Qian J. Engineering
Pichia pastoris
to improve S‐adenosyl‐
l
‐methionine production using systems metabolic strategies. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1436-1445. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiulin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Junjie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Yin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Xiaole Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Xuefeng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Ju Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Jiangchao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor EngineeringEast China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
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12
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Li G, Li H, Tan Y, Hao N, Yang X, Chen K, Ouyang P. Improved S-adenosyl-l-methionine production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using tofu yellow serofluid. J Biotechnol 2020; 309:100-106. [PMID: 31926980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) has been attracting increasing attention because of its significance in the pharmaceutical industry; however, the high cost of this compound limits its application. Tofu yellow serofluid exhibits high nutritional value and is not costly; therefore, it can be utilized as a substrate in the fermentation industry. In the current study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cultured in the tofu yellow serofluid fermentation medium for the SAM biosynthesis. The optimum tofu yellow serofluid fermentation medium contained 70 g/L of glucose, 30 % of yellow serofluid, 20 g/L of l-methionine, and 2.5 g/L of ammonium citrate. Under these conditions, the optimum feeding strategy was established. The results revealed that the dry cell weight (DCW) reached 123.1 g/L, the maximum production of SAM was 16.14 g/L, the highest SAM productivity reached 1.048 g/L/h, and SAM content was determined at 131.1 mg/g DCW. Furthermore, addition of tofu yellow serofluid reduced the average cost of SAM by 31.9 % to compare with the culture process without addition of tofu yellow serofluid. Thus, the tofu yellow serofluid fermentation medium improved the production of SAM and significantly reduced the production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganlu Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yuyan Tan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ning Hao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Xuelian Yang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Kequan Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
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13
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Mixed carbon substrates: a necessary nuisance or a missed opportunity? Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 62:15-21. [PMID: 31513988 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although fermentation with single carbon sources is the preferred mode of operation in current industrial biotechnology, the use of multiple substrates has been continuously investigated throughout the years. Generally, microbial metabolism varies significantly when cells are presented with mixed carbon substrates compared to a single carbon-energy source, as different nutrients interact in complex ways within the metabolic network. By exploiting these distinct modes of interaction, researchers have identified unique opportunities to optimize metabolism using mixed carbon sources. Here we review situations where process yield and productivity are markedly improved through the judicious introduction of substrate mixtures. Our goal is to illustrate that with proper design of the choice of substrates and the way they are introduced to cultures, metabolic optimization with mixed substrates can be a unique strategy that complements genetic engineering techniques to enhance cell performance beyond what is accomplished in single substrate fermentations.
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Disruption of por1 gene in Candida utilis improves co-production of S-adenosylmethionine and glutathione. J Biotechnol 2019; 290:16-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Tao S, Qian Y, Wang X, Cao W, Ma W, Chen K, Ouyang P. Regulation of ATP levels in Escherichia coli using CRISPR interference for enhanced pinocembrin production. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:147. [PMID: 30227873 PMCID: PMC6142380 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microbial biosynthesis of natural products holds promise for preclinical studies and treating diseases. For instance, pinocembrin is a natural flavonoid with important pharmacologic characteristics and is widely used in preclinical studies. However, high yield of natural products production is often limited by the intracellular cofactor level, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP). To address this challenge, tailored modification of ATP concentration in Escherichia coli was applied in efficient pinocembrin production. Results In the present study, a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) interference system was performed for screening several ATP-related candidate genes, where metK and proB showed its potential to improve ATP level and increased pinocembrin production. Subsequently, the repression efficiency of metK and proB were optimized to achieve the appropriate levels of ATP and enhancing the pinocembrin production, which allowed the pinocembrin titer increased to 102.02 mg/L. Coupled with the malonyl-CoA engineering and optimization of culture and induction condition, a final pinocembrin titer of 165.31 mg/L was achieved, which is 10.2-fold higher than control strains. Conclusions Our results introduce a strategy to approach the efficient biosynthesis of pinocembrin via ATP level strengthen using CRISPR interference. Furthermore coupled with the malonyl-CoA engineering and induction condition have been optimized for pinocembrin production. The results and engineering strategies demonstrated here would hold promise for the ATP level improvement of other flavonoids by CRISPRi system, thereby facilitating other flavonoids production. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0995-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijia Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weichao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kequan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, Jiangsu, China
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Xu R, Wang D, Wang C, Zhang G, Wei G. Improved S-adenosylmethionine and glutathione biosynthesis by heterologous expression of an ATP6 gene in Candida utilis. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 58:875-882. [PMID: 30063253 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201800151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ATP is indispensable to the biosynthesis of both S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and glutathione (GSH) in yeast cells. To improve ATP supply for overproduction of SAM and GSH in Candida utilis CCTCC M 209298, an exogenous ATP6 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana was expressed in the parental strain to construct the mutant C. utilis ATP6 by genomic integration. The maximal production of SAM and GSH in the mutant increased by 46.6 and 28.7%, respectively, when compared with those obtained in the parental strain. The mechanism underlying improved SAM and GSH biosynthesis by exogenous ATP6 gene expression revealed that the mutant had higher activities of key enzymes involved in SAM and GSH biosynthesis as well as energy metabolism. Increased NADH availability and F0 F1 -ATPase activity subsequently resulted in improved ATP regeneration and intracellular ATP supply for SAM and GSH overproduction. The present study not only developed an effective method for improving SAM and GSH biosynthesis by energy metabolism regulation, but also offered a novel approach for efficient production of similar energy-consuming products in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyang Xu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dahui Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chonglong Wang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gaochuan Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gongyuan Wei
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
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17
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Chen Y, Tan T. Enhanced S-Adenosylmethionine Production by Increasing ATP Levels in Baker's Yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5200-5209. [PMID: 29722539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the biosynthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) in baker's yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae), ATP functions as both a precursor and a driving force. However, few published reports have dealt with the control of ATP concentration using genetic design. In this study we have adopted a new ATP regulation strategy in yeast for enhancing SAM biosynthesis, including altering NADH availability and regulating the oxygen supply. Different ATP regulation systems were designed based on the introduction of water-forming NADH oxidase, Vitreoscilla hemoglobin, and phosphite dehydrogenase in combination with overexpression of the gene SAM2. Via application of this strategy, after 28 h cultivation, the SAM titer in the yeast strain ABYSM-2 reached a maximum level close to 55 mg/L, an increase of 67% compared to the control strain. The results show that the ATP regulation strategy is a valuable tool for SAM production and might further enhance the synthesis of other ATP-driven metabolites in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Chen
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering , Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang 471023 , P. R. China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , P. R. China
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18
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Yu P, Zhu P. Improving the production of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in Escherichia coli by overexpressing metk. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 47:867-873. [PMID: 28708454 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1350976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) has important applications in many fields including chemical therapy and pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the recombinant Escherichia coli strain was constructed for effective production of SAM by introducing the SAM synthase gene (metK). This strain produced 34.5 mg/L of SAM in basic medium in shake flask. Yeast extract, pH, and loaded volume had a significant positive effect on the yield of SAM. Their optimal values were 35 g/L, 7.5, and 30 mL, respectively. The final conditions optimized were as follows: glucose 20, g/L; peptone, 40 g/L; yeast extract, 35 g/L; NaCl, 10 g/L; MgSO4, 1.2 g/L; L-methionine, 1 g/L; rotate speed, 220 rpm; loaded volume, 30 mL; inoculation, 1%; temperature, 37°C; and initial medium, pH 7.5. The recombinant strain produced 128.2 mg/L of SAM under the above conditions in shake flask. The production of SAM in a 5 L fermentor was also investigated. The maximal biomass of the recombinant strain was 60.4 g/L after the cells were cultured for 20 hr, and the highest yield of SAM was 300.9 mg/L after induction for 8 hr in a 5 L fermentor. This study provides a good foundation for the future production and use of SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- a College of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Pengzhi Zhu
- a College of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province , People's Republic of China
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19
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Microbial production of glutathione. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:106. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Schmacht M, Lorenz E, Stahl U, Senz M. Medium optimization based on yeast's elemental composition for glutathione production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 123:555-561. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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21
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Hayakawa K, Matsuda F, Shimizu H. Metabolome analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and optimization of culture medium for S-adenosyl-L-methionine production. AMB Express 2016; 6:38. [PMID: 27277079 PMCID: PMC4899347 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
S-Adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) is a fine chemical used as a nutritional supplement and a prescription drug. It is industrially produced using Saccharomyces cerevisiae owing to its high SAM content. To investigate the optimization of culture medium components for higher SAM production, metabolome analysis was conducted to compare the intracellular metabolite concentrations between Kyokai no. 6 (high SAM-producing) and laboratory yeast S288C (control) under different SAM production conditions. Metabolome analysis and the result of principal component analysis showed that the rate-limiting step for SAM production was ATP supply and the levels of degradation products of adenosine nucleotides were higher in Kyokai 6 strain than in the S288C strain under the l-methionine supplemented condition. Analysis of ATP accumulation showed that the levels of intracellular ATP in the Kyokai 6 strain were also higher compared to those in the S288C strain. Furthermore, as expected from metabolome analysis, the SAM content of Kyokai 6 strain cultivated in the medium without yeast extract increased by 2.5-fold compared to that in the additional condition, by increasing intracellular ATP level with inhibited cell growth. These results suggest that high SAM production is attributed to the enhanced ATP supply with l-methionine condition and high efficiency of intracellular ATP consumption.
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22
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The mechanism of improved intracellular organic selenium and glutathione contents in selenium-enriched Candida utilis by acid stress. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:2131-2141. [PMID: 27896382 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Batch culture of Candida utilis CCTCC M 209298 for the preparation of selenium (Se)-enriched yeast was carried out under different pH conditions, and maximal intracellular organic Se and glutathione (GSH) contents were obtained in a moderate acid stress environment (pH 3.5). In order to elucidate the physiological mechanism of improved performance of Se-enriched yeast by acid stress, assays of the key enzymes involved in GSH biosynthesis and determinations of energy supply and regeneration were performed. The results indicated that moderate acid stress increased the activity of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and the ratios of NADH/NAD+ and ATP/ADP, although no significant changes in intracellular pH were observed. In addition, the molecular mechanism of moderate acid stress favoring the improvement of Se-yeast performance was revealed by comparing whole transcriptomes of yeast cells cultured at pH 3.5 and 5.5. Comparative analysis of RNA-Seq data indicated that 882 genes were significantly up-regulated by moderate acid stress. Functional annotation of the up-regulated genes based on gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway showed that these genes are involved in ATP synthesis and sulfur metabolism, including the biosynthesis of methionine, cysteine, and GSH in yeast cells. Increased intracellular ATP supply and more amounts of sulfur-containing substances in turn contributed to Na2SeO3 assimilation and biotransformation, which ultimately improved the performance of the Se-enriched C. utilis.
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Zheng Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Pan J. Using tobacco waste extract in pre-culture medium to improve xylose utilization for l-lactic acid production from cellulosic waste by Rhizopus oryzae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:344-50. [PMID: 27376833 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the high-titer l-lactic acid production from cellulosic waste using Rhizopus oryzae. The tobacco waste water-extract (TWE) added with 5g/L glucose and 0.1g/L vitamin C was optimized as pre-culture medium for R. oryzae. Results found that compared to traditional pre-culture medium, it improved xylose consumption rate up to 2.12-fold and enhanced l-lactic acid yield up to 1.73-fold. The highest l-lactic acid concentration achieved was 173.5g/L, corresponding to volumetric productivity of 1.45g/Lh and yield of 0.860g/g total reducing sugar in fed-batch fermentation. This process achieves efficient production of polymer-grade l-lactic acid from cellulosic feedstocks, lowers the cost of fungal cell pre-culture and provides a novel way for re-utilization of tobacco waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zheng
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Research Center for Tobacco Bioengineering and Technology, Chongqing Science and Technology Commission, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Yuanliang Wang
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Research Center for Tobacco Bioengineering and Technology, Chongqing Science and Technology Commission, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Jianrong Zhang
- Research Center for Tobacco Bioengineering and Technology, Chongqing Science and Technology Commission, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Research Center for Tobacco Bioengineering and Technology, Chongqing Science and Technology Commission, Yubei District, Chongqing 401147, China.
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24
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Chen H, Wang Z, Cai H, Zhou C. Progress in the microbial production of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:153. [PMID: 27465853 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), which exists in all living organisms, serves as an activated group donor in a range of metabolic reactions, including trans-methylation, trans-sulfuration and trans-propylamine. Compared with its chemical synthesis and enzyme catalysis production, the microbial production of SAM is feasible for industrial applications. The current clinical demand for SAM is constantly increasing. Therefore, vast interest exists in engineering the SAM metabolism in cells for increasing product titers. Here, we provided an overview of updates on SAM microbial productivity improvements with an emphasis on various strategies that have been used to enhance SAM production based on increasing the precursor and co-factor availabilities in microbes. These strategies included the sections of SAM-producing microbes and their mutant screening, optimization of the fermentation process, and the metabolic engineering. The SAM-producing strains that were used extensively were Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, Candida utilis, Scheffersomyces stipitis, Kluyveromyces lactis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Escherichia coli, in addition to others. The optimization of the fermentation process mainly focused on the enhancement of the methionine, ATP, and other co-factor levels through pulsed feeding as well as the optimization of nitrogen and carbon sources. Various metabolic engineering strategies using precise control of gene expression in engineered strains were also highlighted in the present review. In addition, some prospects on SAM microbial production were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilai Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlin Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Chen H, Wang Z, Wang Z, Dou J, Zhou C. Improving methionine and ATP availability by MET6 and SAM2 co-expression combined with sodium citrate feeding enhanced SAM accumulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:56. [PMID: 26925618 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), biosynthesized from methionine and ATP, exhibited diverse pharmaceutical applications. To enhance SAM accumulation in S. cerevisiae CGMCC 2842 (wild type), improvement of methionine and ATP availability through MET6 and SAM2 co-expression combined with sodium citrate feeding was investigated here. Feeding 6 g/L methionine at 12 h into medium was found to increase SAM accumulation by 38 % in wild type strain. Based on this result, MET6, encoding methionine synthase, was overexpressed, which caused a 59 % increase of SAM. To redirect intracellular methionine into SAM, MET6 and SAM2 (encoding methionine adenosyltransferase) were co-expressed to obtain the recombinant strain YGSPM in which the SAM accumulation was 2.34-fold of wild type strain. The data obtained showed that co-expression of MET6 and SAM2 improved intracellular methionine availability and redirected the methionine to SAM biosynthesis. To elevate intracellular ATP levels, 6 g/L sodium citrate, used as an auxiliary energy substrate, was fed into the batch fermentation medium, and an additional 19 % increase of SAM was observed after sodium citrate addition. Meanwhile, it was found that addition of sodium citrate improved the isocitrate dehydrogenase activity which was associated with the intracellular ATP levels. The results demonstrated that addition of sodium citrate improved intracellular ATP levels which promoted conversion of methionine into SAM. This study presented a feasible approach with considerable potential for developing highly SAM-productive strains based on improving methionine and ATP availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhilai Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Dou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Changlin Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Xiong ZQ, Guo MJ, Chu J, Zhuang YP, Zhang SL. On-line specific growth rate control for improving reduced glutathione production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-015-0018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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27
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Glutathione is involved in physiological response of Candida utilis to acid stress. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10669-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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28
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Chen Y, Lou S, Fan L, Zhang X, Tan T. Control of ATP concentration in Escherichia coli using synthetic small regulatory RNAs for enhanced S-adenosylmethionine production. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv115. [PMID: 26187745 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP is the limiting precursor and driving force for S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. In contrast to traditional optimization of fermentation processes, the synthetic sRNA-based repression strategy, which was developed as a highly efficient gene knockdown approach, has been applied for the regulation of the intracellular ATP concentration in order to enhance SAM production. In this work, proB, glnA and argB, all involved in the synthesis of ATP-dependent by-products in the S-adenosylmethionine production were selected as candidates for repression. The results show that the S-adenosylmethionine titer and yield in the recombinant strain were doubled compared with the control. The best-performing strain, Anti-argB, produced the highest SAM titer (1.21 mg L(-1)), and strain Anti-glnA gave the highest yield (0.13 mg g(-1), 12 h). Both the concentration of ATP and the ratio of ATP to ADP were shown to have a positive effect on the S-adenosylmethionine synthesis. Overall, the synthetic sRNA-based downregulation strategy has a high potential for cofactor regulation and will be useful for industrial ATP-driven bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Chen
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangyan Lou
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihai Fan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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Hayakawa K, Kajihata S, Matsuda F, Shimizu H. (13)C-metabolic flux analysis in S-adenosyl-L-methionine production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:532-8. [PMID: 25912448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is a major biological methyl group donor, and is used as a nutritional supplement and prescription drug. Yeast is used for the industrial production of SAM owing to its high intracellular SAM concentrations. To determine the regulation mechanisms responsible for such high SAM production, (13)C-metabolic flux analysis ((13)C-MFA) was conducted to compare the flux distributions in the central metabolism between Kyokai no. 6 (high SAM-producing) and S288C (control) strains. (13)C-MFA showed that the levels of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux in SAM-overproducing strain were considerably increased compared to those in the S228C strain. Analysis of ATP balance also showed that a larger amount of excess ATP was produced in the Kyokai 6 strain because of increased oxidative phosphorylation. These results suggest that high SAM production in Kyokai 6 strains could be attributed to enhanced ATP regeneration with high TCA cycle fluxes and respiration activity. Thus, maintaining high respiration efficiency during cultivation is important for improving SAM production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Hayakawa
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; KANEKA Fundamental Technology Research Alliance Laboratories, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Shuichi Kajihata
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Fumio Matsuda
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, 1-5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Wang G, Huang D, Li Y, Wen J, Jia X. A metabolic-based approach to improve xylose utilization for fumaric acid production from acid pretreated wheat bran by Rhizopus oryzae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 180:119-127. [PMID: 25594507 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, wheat bran (WB) was utilized as feedstock to synthesize fumaric acid by Rhizopus oryzae. Firstly, the pretreatment process of WB by dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis undertaken at 100°C for 30min offered the best performance for fumaric acid production. Subsequently, through optimizing the seed culture medium, a suitable morphology (0.55mm pellets diameter) of R. oryzae was obtained. Furthermore, a metabolic-based approach was developed to profile the differences of intracellular metabolites concentration of R. oryzae between xylose (the abundant sugar in wheat bran hydrolysate (WBH)) and glucose metabolism. The xylitol, sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, ribulose 5-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, proline and serine were responsible for fumaric acid biosynthesis limitation in xylose fermentation. Consequently, regulation strategies were proposed, leading to a 149% increase in titer (up to 15.4g/L). Finally, by combinatorial regulation strategies the highest production was 20.2g/L from WBH, 477% higher than that of initial medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Huang
- TEDA School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wen
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Jia
- Key Laboratory of System Bioengineering (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, People's Republic of China
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Effects of oxygen-vectors on the synthesis of epsilon-poly-lysine and the metabolic characterization of Streptomyces albulus PD-1. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Liang Q, Qi Q. From a co-production design to an integrated single-cell biorefinery. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1328-1335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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