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Shi CY, Zhan YF, Liu Y, Zhang ZP, Shen XY, Wu CK, Bai ZY, Zhang ZA, Wang J. Hydrophobic effects enhance xylooligosaccharides production from mulberry branch using xylanase-methacrylate conjugate-catalyzed hydrolysis. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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2
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Deng Z, Xia A, Huang Y, Zhu X, Zhu X, Liao Q. The correlation between the physicochemical properties and enzymatic hydrolyzability of hydrothermal pretreated wheat straw: A quantitative analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127475. [PMID: 35714782 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal pretreatment with diluted acid or alkali can disrupt the compact structure of wheat straw at a moderate temperature for efficient enzymatic saccharification. However, the quantitative analysis between the physicochemical properties and enzymatic hydrolyzability of hydrothermal pretreated lignocellulose was rarely investigated, which hindered the development of model-based applications for process design and control. Herein, correlation analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were conducted to elucidate the dominant factors affecting the enzymatic hydrolyzability and quantitative relationship between them. CA results suggested the major positive factor affecting carbohydrate conversion was cellulose content (r = 0.86). Through logarithmic processing and linear combination, these intercorrelated factors were successfully converted into two newly uncorrelated variables named the first principal component (PC1) and the second principal component (PC2). The initial hydrolysis rate and carbohydrate conversion can be well predicted by PC1 and PC2 scores through multiple linear regression with a high R-squared (0.91 and 0.80).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xianqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400044, China; Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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3
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Qi N, Wang Y, Zhao X, Han X, Dong L, Hu X. Characteristic and calculation on the co-contribution in the bio-H 2 energy recovery enhancement with low temperature pretreated peanut shell as co-substrate. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113169. [PMID: 35358542 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bio-H2 production from organic wastewater together with lignocellulose wastes not only achieved the H2 energy recovery, but also be beneficial to carbon emission reduction and carbon neutralization. In order to obtain higher energy recoveries, promotion attempts were performed in bio-H2 fermentation with low temperature (-80-0 °C) pretreated peanut shell powder (PSP) as co-substrate. A maximum H2 production of 109.2 mL was obtained as almost double of the sum from the same amount of untreated PSP and glucose as sole substrate. The enhancement was co-contributed by 44% from PSP supplementary, 35% from low-temperature pretreatment, and 2.8% from buffer effect and acidification, respectively, and realized through C/N balancing, PSP conversion influencing, fermentative pH buffering and time prolonging. The experimental results uncovered the co-contribution realization ways of supplementing low-temperature pretreated lignocellulose wastes in the bio-H2 fermentation system, and provided mechanism support for application potential of low-temperature pretreatment on lignocellulose wastes in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Qi
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China; School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Lili Dong
- School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
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4
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Chemical composition and porcine in vitro digestibility of corn whole stillage pretreated with heat at various temperatures and times. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Matsuda S, Ohtsuki T. Effective methane production from the Japanese weed Gyougi-shiba (Cynodon dactylon) is accomplished by colocalization of microbial communities that assimilate water-soluble and -insoluble fractions. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6136275. [PMID: 33587116 PMCID: PMC7939696 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Weed, an abundant biomass, is considered unsuitable as a raw material for methane production. There are few reports on the anaerobic digestion of weeds without the addition of other organic wastes. To solve this problem, a methane-producing microbial community with weed as a sole feedstock was established. This study mainly focused on the degree of contribution between water-soluble and -insoluble fractions of the weed to methane production; thus, methane production from both fractions was tested separately. Methane production after 80-day batch cultures with whole weed, water-soluble and water-insoluble fractions was 184.5, 96.8 and 26.5 NmL g-1 dry matter (DM), respectively. The results of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence analysis revealed that Proteiniphilum saccharofermentans and several Methanobacterium species commonly dominated all cultures, whereas the population dynamics of minor species differed in every culture. Moreover, the remixed culture of microbial communities adapted to water-soluble and -insoluble fractions recovered methane production (252.4 NmL g-1 DM). Based on these results, it can be strongly inferred that colocalizing the minor species in water-soluble and -insoluble fractions is important for effective methane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Matsuda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohtsuki
- Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Yamanashi, Japan
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6
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Xiang C, Tian D, Hu J, Huang M, Shen F, Zhang Y, Yang G, Zeng Y, Deng S. Why can hydrothermally pretreating lignocellulose in low severities improve anaerobic digestion performances? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141929. [PMID: 32896792 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A lignocellulosic residue, rice straw, was hydrothermally pretreated for the whole slurry anaerobic digestion. In contrast to the unpretreated rice straw, 110-120 °C pretreatment promoted biogas yield by 35%-38%, while only 14% promotion happened on the pretreatment at 180 °C. To understand why this improvement happened at lower severities, the pretreated rice straw at 90 °C, 120 °C, and 180 °C were selected for the further investigation, in which the liquor and solid fraction were separated for digestion, and compared with the whole slurry digestion. Results indicated more methane was released from the derived liquor of 180 °C than that of 90 °C and 120 °C, however, solid fraction did not exhibit significantly different methane yields (187.77-193.91 mL/g TS). These results suggested that the released soluble fraction from pretreatment could facilitate the methanogenesis. Furthermore, the released inherent soluble fraction in rice straw was mainly responsible for higher biogas yield at lower temperatures. Pretreatment at higher temperatures disintegrated the rice straw recalcitrance more, and intensified the release of soluble fraction accordingly. Consequently, the methanogenesis of whole slurry could be promoted at the initial digestion; the hydrolysis/acidification of the solid fraction in whole slurry was weakened greatly, which resulted in a lower biogas yield. This can also be proved by the evolution of dominant bacteria and archaea in the anaerobic digestion of whole slurry, separated solid and liquor fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Xiang
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Dong Tian
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, the University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 4H9, Canada
| | - Mei Huang
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Fei Shen
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Yanzong Zhang
- Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Gang Yang
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Yongmei Zeng
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Shihuai Deng
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China; Rural Environment Protection Engineering & Technology Center of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
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Hemp-Straw Composites: Gluing Study and Multi-Physical Characterizations. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12081199. [PMID: 31013774 PMCID: PMC6514675 DOI: 10.3390/ma12081199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to meet the requirement of sustainable development, building materials are increasingly environmentally friendly. They can be partially or fully bio-based or recycled. This paper looks at the development of fully bio-based composites where agro-resources are valued as bio-based aggregates (hemp) and as binding materials (wheat). In a previous work, a feasibility study simultaneously investigated the processing and ratio of wheat straw required to ensure a gluing effect. In this paper, three kinds of hemp-straw composites are selected and compared with a hemp-polysaccharides composite. The gluing effect is analyzed chemically and via SEM. The developed composites were characterized multi-physically. They showed sufficiently high mechanical properties to be used as insulating materials. Furthermore, they showed good thermal performances with a low thermal conductivity (67.9–69.0 mW/(m·K) at 23 °C, dry).
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Rajput AA, Visvanathan C. Effect of thermal pretreatment on chemical composition, physical structure and biogas production kinetics of wheat straw. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 221:45-52. [PMID: 29793209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Hard lignocellulosic structure of wheat straw is the main hindrance in its anaerobic digestion. Thus, a laboratory scale batch experiment was conducted to study the effect of thermal pretreatment on anaerobic digestion of wheat straw. For this purpose, different thermal pretreatment temperatures of 120, 140, 160 and 180 °C were studied and the results were compared with raw wheat straw. Significant differences in biogas production were observed at temperature higher than 160 °C. Highest biogas yield of 615 Nml/gVS and volatile solids reduction of 69% was observed from wheat straw pretreated at 180 °C. Wheat straw pretreated at 180 °C showed 53% higher biogas yield as compared to untreated. Further, FTIR analysis revealed change in chemical bonds of lignocellulosic structure of wheat straw. Modified Gompertz model was best fitted on biogas production data and predicted shorter lag phase time and higher biogas production as the pretreatment temperature increased. Overall, change in lignocellulosic structure and increase in cellulose content were the main reason in enhancing biogas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ayub Rajput
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering (IESE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering (SCEE), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Chettiyappan Visvanathan
- Environmental Engineering and Management, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
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Los A, Ziuzina D, Bourke P. Current and Future Technologies for Microbiological Decontamination of Cereal Grains. J Food Sci 2018; 83:1484-1493. [PMID: 29799123 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cereal grains are the most important staple foods for mankind worldwide. The constantly increasing annual production and yield is matched by demand for cereals, which is expected to increase drastically along with the global population growth. A critical food safety and quality issue is to minimize the microbiological contamination of grains as it affects cereals both quantitatively and qualitatively. Microorganisms present in cereals can affect the safety, quality, and functional properties of grains. Some molds have the potential to produce harmful mycotoxins and pose a serious health risk for consumers. Therefore, it is essential to reduce cereal grain contamination to the minimum to ensure safety both for human and animal consumption. Current production of cereals relies heavily on pesticides input, however, numerous harmful effects on human health and on the environment highlight the need for more sustainable pest management and agricultural methods. This review evaluates microbiological risks, as well as currently used and potential technologies for microbiological decontamination of cereal grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Los
- Food and Health Research Centre, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Dublin Inst. of Technology, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Dana Ziuzina
- Food and Health Research Centre, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Dublin Inst. of Technology, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Paula Bourke
- Food and Health Research Centre, School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Dublin Inst. of Technology, Dublin 1, Ireland
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Wu J, Collins SRA, Elliston A, Wellner N, Dicks J, Roberts IN, Waldron KW. Release of cell wall phenolic esters during hydrothermal pretreatment of rice husk and rice straw. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:162. [PMID: 29991964 PMCID: PMC5994648 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1157-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice husk and rice straw represent promising sources of biomass for production of renewable fuels and chemicals. For efficient utilisation, lignocellulosic components must first be pretreated to enable efficient enzymatic saccharification and subsequent fermentation. Existing pretreatments create breakdown products such as sugar-derived furans, and lignin-derived phenolics that inhibit enzymes and fermenting organisms. Alkali pretreatments have also been shown to release significant levels of simple, free phenolics such as ferulic acid that are normally esterified to cell wall polysaccharides in the intact plant. These phenolics have recently been found to have considerable inhibitory properties. The aim of this research has been to establish the extent to which such free phenolic acids are also released during hydrothermal pretreatment of rice straw (RS) and rice husk (RH). RESULTS RS and RH were subjected to hydrothermal pretreatments over a wide range of severities (1.57-5.45). FTIR analysis showed that the pretreatments hydrolysed and solubilised hemicellulosic moieties, leading to an enrichment of lignin and crystalline cellulose in the insoluble residue. The residues also lost the capacity for UV autofluorescence at pH 7 or pH 10, indicating the breakdown or release of cell wall phenolics. Saponification of raw RS and RH enabled identification and quantification of substantial levels of simple phenolics including ferulic acid (tFA), coumaric acid (pCA) and several diferulic acids (DiFAs) including 8-O-4'-DiFA, 8,5'-DiFA and 5,5'-DiFA. RH had higher levels of pCA and lower levels of tFA and DiFAs compared with RS. Assessment of the pretreatment liquors revealed that pretreatment-liberated phenolics present were not free but remained as phenolic esters (at mM concentrations) that could be readily freed by saponification. Many were lost, presumably through degradation, at the higher severities. CONCLUSION Differences in lignin, tFA, DiFAs and pCA between RS and RH reflect differences in cell wall physiology, and probably contribute to the higher recalcitrance of RH compared with RS. Hydrothermal pretreatments, unlike alkali pretreatments, release cinnamic acid components as esters. The potential for pretreatment-liberated phenolic esters to be inhibitory to fermenting microorganisms is not known. However, the present study shows that they are found at concentrations that could be significantly inhibitory if released as free forms by enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wu
- The Biorefinery Centre, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Samuel R. A. Collins
- The Biorefinery Centre, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Adam Elliston
- The Biorefinery Centre, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Nikolaus Wellner
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Jo Dicks
- The National Collection of Yeast Cultures, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Ian N. Roberts
- The National Collection of Yeast Cultures, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Keith W. Waldron
- The Biorefinery Centre, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
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Ran G, Li D, Zheng T, Liu X, Chen L, Cao Q, Yan Z. Hydrothermal pretreatment on the anaerobic digestion of washed vinegar residue. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 248:265-271. [PMID: 28651869 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the acetate separation from fresh vinegar residue (FVR) to avoid inhibition of methanogenesis and hydrothermal treatment on washed vinegar residue (WVR) to enhance methane production. The optimal liquid-solid ratio was 10:1mL/g for the washing of FVR. The methane yields of the FVR, WVR, and washed leachate (WL) were 273L/kgVS, 199L/kgVS, and 306.9L/kgCOD, respectively. The optimal hydrothermal temperature was 160°C for WVR, with maximum methane yield of 258.38L/kgVS. Hydrothermal pretreatment destroyed the structure of lignocellulose and improved the hydrolysis of hemicellulose. Compared with thermophilic digestion of FVR, thermophilic digestion of 160°C treated FVR, and thermophilic digestion of WVR with mesophilic digestion of WL, the thermophilic digestion of 160°C treated WVR with mesophilic digestion of WL obtained the maximum total methane yield of 102.5L/kgFVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genzhu Ran
- Institute of Urban and Rural Mines, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Tao Zheng
- Institute of Urban and Rural Mines, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Urban and Rural Mines, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Qin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiying Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China
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Collins SRA, Wilson DR, Moates GK, Harper AL, Bancroft I, Waldron KW. Variation across a wheat genetic diversity panel for saccharification of hydrothermally pretreated straw. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:227. [PMID: 29026442 PMCID: PMC5625621 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat straw forms an important, reliable source of lignocellulosic biomass for use in second-generation ethanol production. However, there is limited understanding of the variation in quality of straw from current breeding cultivars, and studies on such variation have generally employed suboptimal pretreatments. There is also a degree of confusion regarding phenotypic characteristics relevant to optimising the enzymatic saccharification of cellulose after suitable pretreatments for biorefining compared with those which determine good ruminant digestibility. The aim of this study has been to (a) evaluate and compare the levels of glucose enzymatically released from straw obtained from 89 cultivars of winter wheat after optimised hydrothermal pretreatments and (b) identify the underlying phenotypic characteristics relevant to enhanced glucose production with special reference to the ratios of constituent tissue types. RESULTS Optimised pretreatment involved hydrothermal extraction at 210 °C for 10 min. Using excess cellulases, quantitative saccharification was achieved within 24 h. The amount of glucose released ranged from 192 to 275 mg/g. The extent of glucose release was correlated with (a) the level of internode tissue (R = 0.498; p = 6.84 × 10-7), (b) stem height (R = 0.491; p = 1.03 × 10-6), and (c) chemical characteristics particular to stem tissues including higher levels of cellulose (R = 0.552; p = 2.06 × 10-8) and higher levels of lignin R = 0.494; p = 8.67 × 10-7. CONCLUSIONS In order to achieve maximum yields of cellulosic glucose for second-generation ethanol production, a predisposition for wheat to produce cellulose-enriched internode stem tissue, particularly of longer length, would be beneficial. This contrasts with the ideotype for ruminant nutrition, in which an increased proportion of leaf tissue is preferable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. A. Collins
- The Biorefinery Centre, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - David R. Wilson
- The Biorefinery Centre, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Graham K. Moates
- The Biorefinery Centre, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Andrea L. Harper
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Ian Bancroft
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Keith W. Waldron
- The Biorefinery Centre, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
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13
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Wheat straw hemicelluloses added with cellulose nanocrystals and citric acid. Effect on film physical properties. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 164:317-324. [PMID: 28325332 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Wheat straw has been used as a source of hemicelluloses (WSH) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) for the elaboration of biodegradable films. Different films have been formed by using WSH as a matrix and different contents of CNC and citric acid. The predominant hemicelluloses were arabinoxylans. CNC reinforced the films, improving tensile strength and modulus, water resistance and water vapor barrier. Citric acid, on the other hand, presented concomitant plasticizing and crosslinking effects (the latter also evidenced by FTIR), probably due to a crosslinking extension by glycerol. The use of 5.9wt% CNC and 30wt% citric acid was defined as optimal conditions, resulting in minimum water sensitivity and permeability, while maintaining a good combination of tensile properties. Under those conditions, the films presented enhanced modulus, elongation, water resistance, and barrier to water vapor when compared to the control WSH film, and might be used for wrapping or coating a variety of foods.
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14
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Dotsenko G, Nielsen MK, Lange L. Statistical model semiquantitatively approximates arabinoxylooligosaccharides' structural diversity. Carbohydr Res 2016; 426:9-14. [PMID: 27043469 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A statistical model describing the random distribution of substituted xylopyranosyl residues in arabinoxylooligosaccharides is suggested and compared with existing experimental data. Structural diversity of arabinoxylooligosaccharides of various length, originating from different arabinoxylans (wheat flour arabinoxylan (arabinose/xylose, A/X = 0.47); grass arabinoxylan (A/X = 0.24); wheat straw arabinoxylan (A/X = 0.15); and hydrothermally pretreated wheat straw arabinoxylan (A/X = 0.05)), is semiquantitatively approximated using the proposed model. The suggested approach can be applied not only for prediction and quantification of arabinoxylooligosaccharides' structural diversity, but also for estimate of yield and selection of the optimal source of arabinoxylan for production of arabinoxylooligosaccharides with desired structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb Dotsenko
- Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Section for Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Copenhagen, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark.
| | - Michael Krogsgaard Nielsen
- Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lene Lange
- Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Section for Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Copenhagen, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark
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15
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Merali Z, Marjamaa K, Käsper A, Kruus K, Gunning AP, Morris VJ, Waldron KW. Chemical characterization of hydrothermally pretreated and enzyme-digested wheat straw: An evaluation of recalcitrance. Food Chem 2016; 198:132-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Wood IP, Cao HG, Tran L, Cook N, Ryden P, Wilson DR, Moates GK, Collins SRA, Elliston A, Waldron KW. Comparison of saccharification and fermentation of steam exploded rice straw and rice husk. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:193. [PMID: 27602056 PMCID: PMC5011935 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice cultivation produces two waste streams, straw and husk, which could be exploited more effectively. Chemical pretreatment studies using rice residues have largely focussed on straw exploitation alone, and often at low substrate concentrations. Moreover, it is currently not known how rice husk, the more recalcitrant residue, responds to steam explosion without the addition of chemicals. RESULTS The aim of this study has been to systematically compare the effects of steam explosion severity on the enzymatic saccharification and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of rice straw and husk produced from a variety widely grown in Vietnam (Oryza sativa, cv. KhangDan18). Rice straw and husk were steam exploded (180-230 °C for 10 min) into hot water and washed to remove fermentation inhibitors. In both cases, pretreatment at 210 °C and above removed most of the noncellulosic sugars. Prolonged saccharification at high cellulase doses showed that rice straw could be saccharified most effectively after steam explosion at 210 °C for 10 min. In contrast, rice husk required more severe pretreatment conditions (220 °C for 10 min), and achieved a much lower yield (75 %), even at optimal conditions. Rice husk also required a higher cellulase dose for optimal saccharification (10 instead of 6 FPU/g DM). Hemicellulase addition failed to improve saccharification. Small pilot scale saccharification at 20 % (w/v) substrate loading in a 10 L high torque bioreactor resulted in similarly high glucose yields for straw (reaching 9 % w/v), but much less for husk. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation under optimal pretreatment and saccharification conditions showed similar trends, but the ethanol yield from the rice husk was less than 40 % of the theoretical yield. CONCLUSIONS Despite having similar carbohydrate compositions, pretreated rice husk is much less amenable to saccharification than pretreated rice straw. This is likely to attenuate its use as a biorefinery feedstock unless improvements can be made either in the feedstock through breeding and/or modern biotechnology, or in the pretreatment through the employment of improved or alternative technologies. Physiological differences in the overall chemistry or structure may provide clues to the nature of lignocellulosic recalcitrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian P. Wood
- The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | | | - Long Tran
- Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Science, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nicola Cook
- The Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UG UK
| | - Peter Ryden
- The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - David R. Wilson
- The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Graham K. Moates
- The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Samuel R. A. Collins
- The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Adam Elliston
- The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Keith W. Waldron
- The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
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17
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Chen L, Li A, He X, Han L. A multi-scale biomechanical model based on the physiological structure and lignocellulose components of wheat straw. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 133:135-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Akpinar Ö, Usal G. Investigation of the effect of temperature and alkaline concentration on the solubilization of phenolic acids from dilute acid-pretreated wheat straw. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Krátký L, Jirout T. Effect of rapid batch decompression on hydrolysate quality after hydrothermal pretreatment of wheat straw. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/chempap-2015-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe subject of this paper was to study the effect of rapid batch decompression on hydrolysate quality and on biogas yield after the hydrothermal pretreatment of wheat straw. An aqueous batch containing 5 mass % total solids of wheat straw was thermally and thermally-expansionary treated in parallel at the process temperature of 170-200°C and the residence time of 0-60 min. An analysis of the thermal and thermal-expansionary hydrolysate provided identical results in the dependences and values of chemical oxygen demand, acidities, and glucose yields of both treatments based on severity factors including the combined effects of temperature and residence time. Increases in the methane content of 33 % for thermally and of 34 % for thermally-expansionary treated wheat straw were reached in comparison to the methane yield from an untreated sample. This means that the polysaccharide cell wall was dissolved because of the high process temperature and residence time. From this it follows that all its nutrients were subsequently washed out of the cell into liquid where they caused changes in its chemical oxygen demand, glucose content, and acidities. There was therefore no rapid decompression effect on the hydrothermally treated wheat straw.
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20
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Cantero DA, Dolores Bermejo M, José Cocero M. Reaction engineering for process intensification of supercritical water biomass refining. J Supercrit Fluids 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Merali Z, Collins SRA, Elliston A, Wilson DR, Käsper A, Waldron KW. Characterization of cell wall components of wheat bran following hydrothermal pretreatment and fractionation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:23. [PMID: 25717345 PMCID: PMC4339649 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0207-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pretreatments are a prerequisite for enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass and production of ethanol. They are considered to open up the plant cell wall structure by altering, moving or solubilizing lignin and hydrolyzing a proportion of hemicellulosic moieties. However, there is little information concerning pretreatment-induced changes on wheat bran cell wall polymers and indeed on changes in cell wall phenolic esters in bran or other lignocellulosic biomass. Here, we evaluate polymeric changes (chemical and physical) as a result of selected hydrothermal pretreatment conditions on destarched wheat bran using controlled polymer extraction methods. Quantification of cell wall components together with soluble oligosaccharides, the insoluble residues and ease of extractability and fractionation of biomass residues were conducted. RESULTS Pretreatment solubilized selected arabinoxylans and associated cross-linking ferulic and diferulic acids with a concomitant increase in lignin and cellulosic glucose. The remaining insoluble arabinoxylans were more readily extractable in alkali and showed considerable depolymerization. The degree of arabinose substitution was less in xylans released by higher concentrations of alkali. The recalcitrant biomass which remained after pretreatment and alkali extraction contained mostly cellulosic glucose and Klason lignin. Pretreatment generated small but insignificant amounts of yeast-inhibiting compounds such as furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural. As such, simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of the hydrothermally pretreated bran resulted in increased ethanol yields compared to that of the control (97.5% compared to 63% theoretical). CONCLUSION Hydrothermal pretreatment of destarched wheat bran resulted in degradation and depolymerization of the hemicellulosic arabinoxylans together with some breakdown of cellulosic glucose. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in the cross-linking phenolic acids such as ferulic and diferulic acids. The results suggest that hydrothermal pretreatment enhances enzymatic digestibility of the cellulose not only by depolymerization and solubilization of the hemicelluloses but by breakdown of interpolymeric phenolic cross-links between the remaining insoluble polymers. This allows easier access of hydrolytic enzymes by opening or loosening of the cell wall thus resulting in enhanced saccharification of cellulose and subsequent fermentation to ethanol. The reduction in cinnamic acids by selected breeding or biotechnological approaches could provide a useful basis for improved saccharification and fractionation of wheat bran polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara Merali
- />The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Samuel R A Collins
- />The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Adam Elliston
- />The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - David R Wilson
- />The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | | | - Keith W Waldron
- />The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
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22
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Ji Z, Zhang X, Ling Z, Zhou X, Ramaswamy S, Xu F. Visualization of Miscanthus × giganteus cell wall deconstruction subjected to dilute acid pretreatment for enhanced enzymatic digestibility. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2015; 8:103. [PMID: 26213569 PMCID: PMC4513789 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The natural recalcitrance of lignocellulosic plant cell walls resulting from complex arrangement and distribution of heterogeneous components impedes deconstruction of such cell walls. Dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) is an attractive method to overcome the recalcitrant barriers for rendering enzymatic conversion of polysaccharides. In this study, the internodes of Miscanthus × giganteus, a model bioenergy crop, were subjected to DAP to yield a range of samples with altered cell wall structure and chemistry. The consequent morphological and compositional changes and their possible impact on saccharification efficiency were comprehensively investigated. The use of a series of microscopic and microspectroscopic techniques including fluorescence microscopy (FM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM)) enabled correlative cell wall structural and chemical information to be obtained. RESULTS DAP of M. × giganteus resulted in solubilization of arabinoxylan and cross-linking hydroxycinnamic acids in a temperature-dependent manner. The optimized pretreatment (1% H2SO4, 170°C for 30 min) resulted in significant enhancement in the saccharification efficiency (51.20%) of treated samples in 72 h, which amounted to 4.4-fold increase in sugar yield over untreated samples (11.80%). The remarkable improvement could be correlated to a sequence of changes occurring in plant cell walls due to their pretreatment-induced deconstruction, namely, loss in the matrix between neighboring cell walls, selective removal of hemicelluloses, redistribution of phenolic polymers and increased exposure of cellulose. The consequently occurred changes in inner cell wall structure including damaging, increase of porosity and loss of mechanical resistance were also found to enhance enzyme access to cellulose and further sugar yield. CONCLUSIONS DAP is a highly effective process for improving bioconversion of cellulose to glucose by breaking down the rigidity and resistance of cell walls. The combination of the most relevant microscopic and microanalytical techniques employed in this work provided information crucial for evaluating the influence of anatomical and compositional changes on enhanced enzymatic digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ji
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
- />Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xun Zhang
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
- />Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Zhe Ling
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
- />Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xia Zhou
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
- />Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Shri Ramaswamy
- />Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, Kaufert Laboratory, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Feng Xu
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
- />Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Wooden Material Science and Application, Beijing Forestry University, Tsinghua East Road, Beijing, 100083 China
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23
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Abstract
Metabonomics is a cross-disciplinary science that overlaps with analytical chemistry, biology, and statistical analysis. The techniques commonly used are proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). Applying (1)H NMR on cell extracts provides a rapid and comprehensive screening of the most abundant metabolites allowing the quantitation of typically 20-70 compounds (depending on the type of sample) including amino and organic acids, sugars, amines, nucleosides, phenolic compounds, osmolytes, and lipids produced at sublevel millimolar concentrations. The sample preparation is usually kept minimal making the method particularly suited to high-throughput analysis (up to 100 samples/24 h with the use of a 60-holder autosampler). This chapter describes procedures for profiling liquids and solids of biological origin from plants, food, microbes, and mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwénaëlle Le Gall
- Metabolomics Unit, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UA, Norwich, UK,
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24
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Elliston A, Wilson DR, Wellner N, Collins SRA, Roberts IN, Waldron KW. Effect of steam explosion on waste copier paper alone and in a mixed lignocellulosic substrate on saccharification and fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 187:136-143. [PMID: 25846183 PMCID: PMC4504980 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated steam (SE) explosion on the saccharification and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of waste copier paper. SE resulted in a colouration, a reduction in fibre thickness and increased water absorption. Changes in chemical composition were evident at severities greater than 4.24 resulting in a loss of xylose and the production of breakdown products known to inhibit fermentation (particularly formic acid and acetic acid). SE did not improve final yields of glucose or ethanol, and at severities 4.53 and 4.83 reduced yields probably due to the effect of breakdown products and fermentation inhibitors. However, at moderate severities of 3.6 and 3.9 there was an increase in initial rates of hydrolysis which may provide a basis for reducing processing times. Co-steam explosion of waste copier paper and wheat straw attenuated the production of breakdown products, and may also provide a basis for improving SSF of lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Elliston
- The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - David R Wilson
- The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolaus Wellner
- The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel R A Collins
- The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Ian N Roberts
- The National Collection of Yeast Cultures, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Keith W Waldron
- The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom.
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25
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He L, Huang H, Lei Z, Liu C, Zhang Z. Enhanced hydrogen production from anaerobic fermentation of rice straw pretreated by hydrothermal technology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 171:145-151. [PMID: 25194263 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study tested the effect of hydrothermal treatment (HTT) at different peak temperatures (150 °C and 210 °C, i.e. HTT150 and HTT210, respectively) and holding time (0-30 min) on the solubilization of rice straw at total solids (TS) of 20% and then subsequent H2 production from resultant substrates. No obvious degradation was detected in lignin content under all tested HTT conditions which did open up the surface structure and have efficient solubilization effect on rice straw. Soluble carbohydrates produced from straw particles during HTT210 was found to have strongly (r=0.9987) positive correlation with the subsequent H2 yield. The maximum soluble carbohydrates, 80 mg per gram of volatile solids (VS) was achieved under HTT210 and 0 min of holding condition, correspondingly yielding the highest hydrogen production (28 ml/g-VS), about 93-fold higher than the control. Results suggest that holding time is crucial for HTT pretreatment when taking subsequent H2 production into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei He
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - He Huang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Chunguang Liu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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26
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Zhao X, Moates G, Wellner N, Collins S, Coleman M, Waldron K. Chemical characterisation and analysis of the cell wall polysaccharides of duckweed (Lemna minor). Carbohydr Polym 2014; 111:410-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Collins SRA, Wellner N, Martinez Bordonado I, Harper AL, Miller CN, Bancroft I, Waldron KW. Variation in the chemical composition of wheat straw: the role of tissue ratio and composition. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:121. [PMID: 25426162 PMCID: PMC4243778 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0121-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat straw is an attractive substrate for second generation ethanol production because it will complement and augment wheat production rather than competing with food production. However, like other sources of lignocellulosic biomass, even from a single species, it is heterogeneous in nature due to the different tissues and cell types, and this has implications for saccharification efficiency. The aim of this study has been to use Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Partial least squares (PLS) modelling to rapidly screen wheat cultivars for the levels of component tissues, the carbohydrate composition and lignin content, and the levels of simple cross-linking phenolics such as ferulic and diferulic acids. RESULTS FTIR spectroscopy and PLS modelling was used to analyze the tissue and chemical composition of wheat straw biomass. Predictive models were developed to evaluate the variability in the concentrations of the cell wall sugars, cell wall phenolics and acid-insoluble lignin. Models for the main sugars, phenolics and lignin were validated and then used to evaluate the variation in total biomass composition across 90 cultivars of wheat grown over two seasons. CONCLUSIONS Whilst carbohydrate and lignin components varied across the varieties, this mainly reflected differences in the ratios of the component tissues rather than differences in the composition of those tissues. Further analysis indicated that on a mol% basis, relative levels of sugars within the tissues varied to only a small degree. There were no clear associations between simple phenolics and tissues. The results provide a basis for improving biomass quality for biofuels production through selection of cultivars with appropriate tissue ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel RA Collins
- />Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Nikolaus Wellner
- />Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | | | - Andrea L Harper
- />John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
- />Present address: Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | | | - Ian Bancroft
- />John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH UK
- />Present address: Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Keith W Waldron
- />Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
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28
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Aguedo M, Fougnies C, Dermience M, Richel A. Extraction by three processes of arabinoxylans from wheat bran and characterization of the fractions obtained. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 105:317-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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29
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Li W, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Xu G. Anaerobic Digestion of Yard Waste with Hydrothermal Pretreatment. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:2670-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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30
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Sun S, Cao X, Sun S, Xu F, Song X, Sun RC, Jones GL. Improving the enzymatic hydrolysis of thermo-mechanical fiber from Eucalyptus urophylla by a combination of hydrothermal pretreatment and alkali fractionation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:116. [PMID: 25184000 PMCID: PMC4145232 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass is a major limitation for its conversion into biofuels by enzymatic hydrolysis. The use of a pretreatment technology is an essential step to diminish biomass recalcitrance for bioethanol production. In this study, a two-step pretreatment using hydrothermal pretreatment at various temperatures and alkali fractionation was performed on eucalyptus fiber. The detailed chemical composition, physicochemical characteristics, and morphology of the pretreated fibers in each of the fractions were evaluated to advance the performance of eucalyptus fiber in enzymatic digestibility. RESULTS The hydrothermal pretreatment (100 to 220°C) significantly degraded hemicelluloses, resulting in an increased crystallinity of the pretreated fibers. However, as the pretreatment temperature reached 240°C, partial cellulose was degraded, resulting in a reduced crystallinity of cellulose. As compared to the hydrothermal pretreatment alone, a combination of hydrothermal and alkali treatments significantly removed hemicelluloses and lignin, resulting in an improved enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose-rich fractions. As compared with the raw fiber, the enzymatic hydrolysis rate increased 1.1 to 8.5 times as the hydrothermal pretreatment temperature increased from 100 to 240°C. Interestingly, after a combination of hydrothermal pretreatment and alkali fractionation, the enzymatic hydrolysis rate increased 3.7 to 9.2 times. Taking into consideration the consumption of energy and the production of xylo-oligosaccharides and lignin, an optimum pretreatment condition was found to be hydrothermal pretreatment at 180°C for 30 min and alkali fractionation with 2% NaOH at 90°C for 2.5 h, in which 66.3% cellulose was converted into glucose by enzymatic hydrolysis. CONCLUSIONS The combination of hydrothermal pretreatment and alkali fractionation was a promising method to remove hemicelluloses and lignin as well as overcome the biomass recalcitrance for enzymatic hydrolysis from eucalyptus fiber. In addition, the various techniques applied in this work constituted an efficient approach to understand the underlying chemical and morphological changes of the cellulose-rich fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoni Sun
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xuefei Cao
- />State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Shaolong Sun
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Feng Xu
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xianliang Song
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
- />State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Gwynn Lloyd Jones
- />School of Natural Science, University of Wales, Gwynedd, Bangor, LL57 2UW Wales UK
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31
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Wu Z, Zhang M, Wang L, Tu Y, Zhang J, Xie G, Zou W, Li F, Guo K, Li Q, Gao C, Peng L. Biomass digestibility is predominantly affected by three factors of wall polymer features distinctive in wheat accessions and rice mutants. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:183. [PMID: 24341349 PMCID: PMC3878626 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat and rice are important food crops with enormous biomass residues for biofuels. However, lignocellulosic recalcitrance becomes a crucial factor on biomass process. Plant cell walls greatly determine biomass recalcitrance, thus it is essential to identify their key factors on lignocellulose saccharification. Despite it has been reported about cell wall factors on biomass digestions, little is known in wheat and rice. In this study, we analyzed nine typical pairs of wheat and rice samples that exhibited distinct cell wall compositions, and identified three major factors of wall polymer features that affected biomass digestibility. RESULTS Based on cell wall compositions, ten wheat accessions and three rice mutants were classified into three distinct groups each with three typical pairs. In terms of group I that displayed single wall polymer alternations in wheat, we found that three wall polymer levels (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin) each had a negative effect on biomass digestibility at similar rates under pretreatments of NaOH and H2SO4 with three concentrations. However, analysis of six pairs of wheat and rice samples in groups II and III that each exhibited a similar cell wall composition, indicated that three wall polymer levels were not the major factors on biomass saccharification. Furthermore, in-depth detection of the wall polymer features distinctive in rice mutants, demonstrated that biomass digestibility was remarkably affected either negatively by cellulose crystallinity (CrI) of raw biomass materials, or positively by both Ara substitution degree of non-KOH-extractable hemicelluloses (reverse Xyl/Ara) and p-coumaryl alcohol relative proportion of KOH-extractable lignin (H/G). Correlation analysis indicated that Ara substitution degree and H/G ratio negatively affected cellulose crystallinity for high biomass enzymatic digestion. It was also suggested to determine whether Ara and H monomer have an interlinking with cellulose chains in the future. CONCLUSIONS Using nine typical pairs of wheat and rice samples having distinct cell wall compositions and wide biomass saccharification, Ara substitution degree and monolignin H proportion have been revealed to be the dominant factors positively determining biomass digestibility upon various chemical pretreatments. The results demonstrated the potential of genetic modification of plant cell walls for high biomass saccharification in bioenergy crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guosheng Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weihua Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fengcheng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kai Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunbao Gao
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Liangcai Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Holopainen-Mantila U, Marjamaa K, Merali Z, Käsper A, de Bot P, Jääskeläinen AS, Waldron K, Kruus K, Tamminen T. Impact of hydrothermal pre-treatment to chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility and spatial distribution of cell wall polymers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 138:156-62. [PMID: 23612175 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of hydrothermal pretreatment on chemical composition, microscopic structure and enzymatic digestibility of wheat straw was studied. Wheat straw was pretreated with increasing severity to obtain series of samples with altered chemistry and structure. The hydrothermal pretreatment caused solubilisation of arabinoxylan and phenolic acids and their dimers in a temperature dependent manner with minor effects on the cellulose and Klason lignin content. In the cell wall level, the pretreatment intensified staining of cellulose and relocalised xylan in the cell walls. The distribution, properties and content of the cell wall phenolic compounds was altered as observed with phloroglucinol and autofluorescence imaging. In the enzymatic hydrolysis, the highest yields were obtained from the samples with a low xylan and diferulate content. On the cell wall structural level, the sample with the highest digestibility was observed to have intensified cellulose staining, possibly reflecting the increased accessibility of cellulose.
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