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Production of Polyhydroxyalkanoates through Soybean Hull and Waste Glycerol Valorization: Subsequent Alkaline Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8090433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline pretreatment and sequential enzymatic hydrolysis of soybean hull were investigated to obtain fermentable sugars for polyhydroxyalkanoates production along with residual glycerol as low-cost carbon sources. Soybean hull is composed of approximately 32% cellulose, 12% hemicellulose, 6% lignin, and 11% protein. Alkaline pretreatment was carried out with 2% NaOH concentration, 10% (w/v) biomass loading, and 60 min incubation time in an autoclave at 120 °C. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) tool was employed to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis process, where the variables of biomass loading, enzymes’ concentration, and time were considered. The maximum total reducing sugars concentration obtained was 115.9 g∙L−1 with an enzyme concentration of 11.5 mg protein/g dry substrate for enzyme preparation B1, 2.88 mg protein/g dry substrate for XylA, and 57.6 U/g dry substrate for β-glucosidase, after 42 h at 45 °C, and pH was 4.5. Subsequently, the saccharification step was conducted by increasing the processing scale, using a 1 L tank with stirring with a controlled temperature. Implementing the same enzyme concentrations at pH 4.5, temperature of 45 °C, 260 mL working volume, and incubation time of 42 h, under fed-batch operation with substrate feeding after 14 h and 22 h, a hydrolysate with a concentration of 185.7 g∙L−1 was obtained. Initially, to verify the influence of different carbon sources on Cupriavidus necator DSMz 545 in biomass production, batch fermentations were developed, testing laboratory-grade glucose, soybean hull hydrolysate, and waste glycerol (a by-product of biodiesel processing available in large quantities) as carbon sources in one-factor-at-a-time assays, and the mixture of soybean hull hydrolysate and waste glycerol. Then, the hydrolysate and waste glycerol were consumed by C. necator, producing 12.1 g∙L−1 of biomass and achieving 39% of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHB) accumulation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that soybean hull hydrolysate has been used as a carbon source to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates, and the results suggest that this agro-industrial by-product is a viable alternative feedstock to produce value-added components.
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Thermochemical and Catalytic Conversion Technologies for the Development of Brazilian Biomass Utilization. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11121549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The social, economic, and environmental impacts of climate change have been shown to affect poorer populations throughout the world disproportionally, and the COVID-19 pandemic of 2020–2021 has only exacerbated the use of less sustainable energy, fuel, and chemical sources. The period of economic and social recovery following the pandemic presents an unprecedented opportunity to invest in biorefineries based on the pyrolysis of agricultural residues. These produce a plethora of sustainable resources while also contributing to the economic valorization of first-sector local economies. However, biomass-derived pyrolysis liquid is highly oxygenated, which hinders its long-term stability and usability. Catalytic hydrogenation is a proposed upgrading method to reduce this hindrance, while recent studies on the use of nickel and niobium as low-cost catalysts, both abundant in Brazil, reinforce the potential synergy between different economic sectors within the country. This review gathers state-of-the-art applications of these technologies with the intent to guide the scientific community and lawmakers alike on yet another alternative for energy and commodities production within an environmentally sustainable paradigm.
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Zhang H, Wu J. Statistical optimization of aqueous ammonia pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of corn cob powder for enhancing sugars production. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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A Comprehensive Characterization of Different Fractions of Corn Stover and Their Relationships to Multipollutant Sorption Characteristics. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/9988938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Corn stover (CS) is mainly composed of three parts: pith (CSP), rind (CSR), and leaf (CSL). These parts have different lignocellulosic constituents and structural properties. Herein, biosorbents derived from individual corn stover constituents were prepared in an effort to determine the significance of each constituent for multipollutant removal. In this study, SEM, BET, XRD, FTIR, XPS, fibre composition, and contact angle measurements were used to characterize and analyse the physical and chemical properties of the three components of CS and to study their adsorption effects, adsorption isotherms, and kinetics. The lignocellulosic compositions of CSP and CSR were similar, the cellulose content in CSP and CSR was significantly higher than that in CSL, and the hemicellulose content of CSL was much higher than those of CSP and CSR. The minimum lignin content was found in CSP, and the maximum lignin content was found in CSR. The results show that each component had a certain adsorption effect on typical organic pollutants (antibiotics, oils, and dyes). CSP had the strongest oil adsorption capacity, CSR was more suitable for adsorbing antibiotics, and CSL had outstanding adsorption capacity for dye. The pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model could describe the adsorption processes well, and they consisted of monolayer adsorption accompanied by chemical adsorption reactions. The focus of this study was to provide references for selecting effective adsorbent precursors to remove organic pollutants from wastewater.
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Chen H, Mao J, Jiang B, Wu W, Jin Y. Carbonate-oxygen pretreatment of waste wheat straw for enhancing enzymatic saccharification. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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State-of-the-Art Char Production with a Focus on Bark Feedstocks: Processes, Design, and Applications. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in char production from lignocellulosic biomass due to the fact of char’s interesting technological properties. Global char production in 2019 reached 53.6 million tons. Barks are among the most important and understudied lignocellulosic feedstocks that have a large potential for exploitation, given bark global production which is estimated to be as high as 400 million cubic meters per year. Chars can be produced from barks; however, in order to obtain the desired char yields and for simulation of the pyrolysis process, it is important to understand the differences between barks and woods and other lignocellulosic materials in addition to selecting a proper thermochemical method for bark-based char production. In this state-of-the-art review, after analyzing the main char production methods, barks were characterized for their chemical composition and compared with other important lignocellulosic materials. Following these steps, previous bark-based char production studies were analyzed, and different barks and process types were evaluated for the first time to guide future char production process designs based on bark feedstock. The dry and wet pyrolysis and gasification results of barks revealed that application of different particle sizes, heating rates, and solid residence times resulted in highly variable char yields between the temperature range of 220 °C and 600 °C. Bark-based char production should be primarily performed via a slow pyrolysis route, considering the superior surface properties of slow pyrolysis chars.
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Deng Y, Qiu Y, Yao Y, Ayiania M, Davaritouchaee M. Weak-base pretreatment to increase biomethane production from wheat straw. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:37989-38003. [PMID: 32617819 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Weak-base pretreatment of wheat straw was investigated for its ability to improve biomethane production. Anaerobic digestion (AD) was performed on wheat straw pretreated with 3%, 5%, or 7% Na2CO3 as a weak base. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra demonstrated disruption of lignocellulosic structures by pretreatment. In the 5% Na2CO3 treatment group, cellulose and hemicellulose were retained effectively, with efficient removal of lignin. The removal rates of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin were 27.9%, 20.4%, and 31.0%, respectively, after 5% Na2CO3 pretreatment. The methane content (53.3-77.3%) was improved in the 5% Na2CO3 treatment group, with maximum methane production (307.9 L/kg VS) that was 41.6% higher than that of the untreated sample. Cellulose and hemicelluloses were degraded 59.3% and 56.3% after AD. It took 20 days to reach 80% of the maximum cumulative methane production for the 5% Na2CO3 pretreatment group, which was 4 days faster than the untreated group. These results indicate that 5% Na2CO3 pretreatment improve the lignocellulose structure of wheat straw, allowing better biodegradability of wheat straw in AD for increased biogas production, enhanced methane content, and decreased digestion time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Deng
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomass-based Energy and Enzyme Technology, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaojing Qiu
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Yiqing Yao
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Northwest Research Center of Rural Renewable Energy, Exploitation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Michael Ayiania
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Maryam Davaritouchaee
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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Chen H, Jiang B, Wu W, Jin Y. Comparison of enzymatic saccharification and lignin structure of masson pine and poplar pretreated by p-Toluenesulfonic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 151:861-869. [PMID: 32097741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
p-Toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) with the hydrotropic and recyclable properties is widely used for rapid remove of lignin from lignocelluloses at low temperature (<100 °C). In this work, both softwood masson pine and hardwood poplar were pretreated with p-TsOH under different conditions and then subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to compare the effect of p-TsOH pretreatment on their saccharification and lignin structure. Results showed p-TsOH has sensitive selectivity to lignin structure during pretreatment. Around 95% of lignin in poplar can be dissolved at 80 °C within 30 min, while for masson pine, the delignification is only 50%. Following enzymatic hydrolysis with cellulase loading of 20 FPU/g-cellulose for 72 h, the highest sugar yield of pretreated poplar and masson pine is 92.13% and 29.46%, respectively, which indicates that p-TsOH pretreatment alone works well with hardwoods (poplar). Structural analysis of removed lignin implies that p-TsOH mainly results in the cleavage of β-aryl ether bonds of lignin side chains, and the aromatic structure of lignin keeps intact. p-TsOH pretreatment shows the key advantages of low cost and rapid delignification for highly enzymatic saccharification, and provides a promising and green pathway for the development of low cost and sustainable bio-based products for developing a bio-based economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Yuan Y, Zhai R, Li Y, Chen X, Jin M. Developing fast enzyme recycling strategy through elucidating enzyme adsorption kinetics on alkali and acid pretreated corn stover. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:316. [PMID: 30479661 PMCID: PMC6245881 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although various pre-treatment methods have been developed to disrupt the structure of lignocellulosic biomass, high dosage of cellulases is still required to hydrolyze lignocellulose to fermentable sugars. Enzyme recycling via recycling unhydrolyzed solids after enzymatic hydrolysis is a promising strategy to reduce enzyme loading for production of cellulosic ethanol. RESULTS To develop effective enzyme recycling method via recycling unhydrolyzed solids, this work investigated both enzymatic hydrolysis kinetics and enzyme adsorption kinetics on dilute acid and dilute alkali pre-treated corn stover (CS). It was found that most of the hydrolysable biomass was hydrolyzed in the first 24 h and about 40% and 55% of the enzymes were adsorbed on unhydrolyzed solids for dilute alkali-CS and dilute acid-CS, respectively, at 24 h of enzymatic hydrolysis. Lignin played a significant role in such adsorption and lignin materials derived from dilute acid-CS and dilute alkali-CS possessed different enzyme adsorption properties. Enzyme recycling was performed by recycling unhydrolyzed solids after 24 h enzymatic hydrolysis for five successive rounds, and successfully reduced 40% and 50% of the enzyme loadings for hydrolysis of dilute alkali-CS and for hydrolysis of dilute acid-CS, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study presents that the enzymes adsorbed on the unhydrolyzed solids after short-time hydrolysis could be recycled effectively for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis. Lignin derived from dilute acid-CS has higher enzyme adsorption capacity than the lignin derived from dilute alkali-CS, which led to more enzymes recycled. By applying the enzyme recycling strategy developed in this study, the enzyme dosage needed for effective cellulose hydrolysis can be significantly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094 China
| | - Rui Zhai
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094 China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094 China
| | - Xiangxue Chen
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094 China
| | - Mingjie Jin
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094 China
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Morone A, Chakrabarti T, Pandey RA. Effect of chemical input during wet air oxidation pretreatment of rice straw in reducing biomass recalcitrance and enhancing cellulose accessibility. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-018-0129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Jiang B, Yu J, Luo X, Zhu Y, Jin Y. A strategy to improve enzymatic saccharification of wheat straw by adding water-soluble lignin prepared from alkali pretreatment spent liquor. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Yang M, Rehman MSU, Yan T, Khan AU, Oleskowicz-Popiel P, Xu X, Cui P, Xu J. Treatment of different parts of corn stover for high yield and lower polydispersity lignin extraction with high-boiling alkaline solvent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 249:737-743. [PMID: 29100188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of different parts of corn stover on lignin extraction was investigated. Five kinds of lignin were isolated by the high boiling point solvent extraction from the whole corn stover and four different parts including leaf, husk, bark and pith. The optimal condition was obtained: 6.25 g/L NaOH, 140 °C, 1 h and 60% (v/v) 1,4-butanediol. The extracted lignins were then characterized. FT-IR analysis revealed that all of the lignins were typically herbaceous. The lignin extracted from husk contained more S unit. Gel permeation chromatography analysis showed that it was necessary to separate corn stover into different parts to obtain low polydispersity lignin. The SEM and FT-IR analysis proved that the lignin dissolution was related to the tightness structure presenting a positive correlation with hydrogen bond index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Yang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, Comsats Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tingxuan Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China; Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China
| | - Asad Ullah Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Comsats Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Xia Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China; Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China
| | - Ping Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China
| | - Jian Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China; Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China.
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Collins SRA, Wilson DR, Moates GK, Harper AL, Bancroft I, Waldron KW. Variation across a wheat genetic diversity panel for saccharification of hydrothermally pretreated straw. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:227. [PMID: 29026442 PMCID: PMC5625621 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat straw forms an important, reliable source of lignocellulosic biomass for use in second-generation ethanol production. However, there is limited understanding of the variation in quality of straw from current breeding cultivars, and studies on such variation have generally employed suboptimal pretreatments. There is also a degree of confusion regarding phenotypic characteristics relevant to optimising the enzymatic saccharification of cellulose after suitable pretreatments for biorefining compared with those which determine good ruminant digestibility. The aim of this study has been to (a) evaluate and compare the levels of glucose enzymatically released from straw obtained from 89 cultivars of winter wheat after optimised hydrothermal pretreatments and (b) identify the underlying phenotypic characteristics relevant to enhanced glucose production with special reference to the ratios of constituent tissue types. RESULTS Optimised pretreatment involved hydrothermal extraction at 210 °C for 10 min. Using excess cellulases, quantitative saccharification was achieved within 24 h. The amount of glucose released ranged from 192 to 275 mg/g. The extent of glucose release was correlated with (a) the level of internode tissue (R = 0.498; p = 6.84 × 10-7), (b) stem height (R = 0.491; p = 1.03 × 10-6), and (c) chemical characteristics particular to stem tissues including higher levels of cellulose (R = 0.552; p = 2.06 × 10-8) and higher levels of lignin R = 0.494; p = 8.67 × 10-7. CONCLUSIONS In order to achieve maximum yields of cellulosic glucose for second-generation ethanol production, a predisposition for wheat to produce cellulose-enriched internode stem tissue, particularly of longer length, would be beneficial. This contrasts with the ideotype for ruminant nutrition, in which an increased proportion of leaf tissue is preferable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. A. Collins
- The Biorefinery Centre, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - David R. Wilson
- The Biorefinery Centre, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Graham K. Moates
- The Biorefinery Centre, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
| | - Andrea L. Harper
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Ian Bancroft
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Keith W. Waldron
- The Biorefinery Centre, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA UK
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Du L, Wang J, Zhang Y, Qi C, Wolcott MP, Yu Z. A co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals from ball-milled woods. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 238:254-262. [PMID: 28437643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the technical potential for the large-scale co-production of sugars, lignosulfonates, cellulose, and cellulose nanocrystals. Ball-milled woods with two particle sizes were prepared by ball milling for 80min or 120min (BMW80, BMW120) and then enzymatically hydrolyzed. 78.3% cellulose conversion of BMW120 was achieved, which was three times as high as the conversion of BMW80. The hydrolyzed residues (HRs) were neutrally sulfonated cooking. 57.72g/L and 88.16g/L lignosulfonate concentration, respectively, were harvested from HR80 and HR120, and 42.6±0.5% lignin were removed. The subsequent solid residuals were purified to produce cellulose and then this material was acid-hydrolyzed to produce cellulose nanocrystals. The BMW120 maintained smaller particle size and aspect ratio during each step of during the multiple processes, while the average aspect ratio of its cellulose nanocrystals was larger. The crystallinity of both materials increased with each step of wet processing, reaching to 74% for the cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxing Du
- College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Jinwu Wang
- Forest Products Laboratory, US Forest Service, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chusheng Qi
- College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Michael P Wolcott
- Composite Materials and Engineering Center, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA
| | - Zhiming Yu
- College of Material Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Chen BY, Zhao BC, Li MF, Liu QY, Sun RC. Fractionation of rapeseed straw by hydrothermal/dilute acid pretreatment combined with alkali post-treatment for improving its enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 225:127-133. [PMID: 27888729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of combined treatments on fermentable sugar production from rapeseed straw. An optimum condition was found to be the combination of hydrothermal pretreatment at 180°C for 45min and post-treatment by 2% NaOH at 100°C for 2h, which was based on the quantity of monosaccharides released during enzymatic hydrolysis. As compared with the raw material without treatment, the combination of hydrothermal pretreatment and alkali post-treatment resulted in a significant increase of the saccharification rate by 5.9times. This process potentially turned rapeseed straw into value added products in accordance with the biorefinery concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Yang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Cheng Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Fei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Yun Liu
- The BioComposites Centre, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
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Tian D, Chandra RP, Lee JS, Lu C, Saddler JN. A comparison of various lignin-extraction methods to enhance the accessibility and ease of enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulosic component of steam-pretreated poplar. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:157. [PMID: 28649276 PMCID: PMC5477284 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current single-stage delignification-pretreatment technologies to overcome lignocellulosic biomass recalcitrance are usually achieved at the expense of compromising the recovery of the polysaccharide components, particularly the hemicellulose fraction. One way to enhance overall sugar recovery is to tailor an efficient two-stage pretreatment that can pre-extract the more labile hemicellulose component before subjecting the cellulose-rich residual material to a second-stage delignification process. Previous work had shown that a mild steam pretreatment could recover >65% of the hemicellulose from poplar while limiting the acid-catalysed condensation of lignin. This potentially allowed for subsequent lignin extraction using various lignin solvents to produce a more accessible cellulosic substrate. RESULTS A two-stage approach using steam and/or solvent pretreatment was assessed for its ability to separate hemicellulose and lignin from poplar wood chips while providing a cellulose-rich fraction that could be readily hydrolysed by cellulase enzymes. An initial steam-pretreatment stage was performed over a range of temperatures (160-200 °C) using an equivalent severity factor of 3.6. A higher steam temperature of 190 °C applied over a shorter residence time of 10 min effectively solubilized and recovered 75% of the hemicellulose while enhancing the ability of various solvents [deep eutectic solvent (DES), ethanol organosolv, soda/anthraquinone (soda/AQ) or a hydrotrope] to extract lignin in a second stage. When the second-stage treatments were compared, the mild DES treatment (lactic acid and betaine) at 130 °C, removed comparable amounts of lignin with higher selectivity than did the soda/AQ and organosolv pretreatments at 170 °C. However, the cellulose-rich substrates obtained after the second-stage organosolv and soda/AQ pretreatments showed the highest cellulose accessibility, as measured by the Simon's staining technique. They were also the most susceptible to subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. CONCLUSIONS The second-stage pretreatments varied in their ability to solubilize and extract the lignin component of steam-pretreated poplar while enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis of the resulting cellulose-rich residual fractions. Although DES extraction was more selective in extracting lignin from the steam-pretreated substrates, the organosolv and soda/AQ post treatments disrupted the cellulose structure to a greater extent while enhancing the ease of enzymatic hydrolysis. Graphical abstractEffective hemicellulose removal via steam pretreatment followed by subsequent lignin extraction under acidic, alkaline or solvolytic conditions results in a highly accessible, more readily hydrolysed cellulose fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tian
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Richard P. Chandra
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Jin-Suk Lee
- Clean Fuel Department, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk 580-185 South Korea
| | - Canhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 China
| | - Jack N. Saddler
- Forest Products Biotechnology/Bioenergy Group, Department of Wood Science, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
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17
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Liu T, Li Z. An electrogenerated base for the alkaline oxidative pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass to produce bioethanol. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra08101d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrogenerated base (EGB), an alternative source for alkaline pretreatment, can achieve the same performance as NaOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjun Liu
- Department of Bioengineering
- Qilu University of Technology
- Jinan
- China
| | - Zhenglong Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Michigan State University
- East Lansing
- USA
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering
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18
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Huang C, Wu X, Huang Y, Lai C, Li X, Yong Q. Prewashing enhances the liquid hot water pretreatment efficiency of waste wheat straw with high free ash content. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 219:583-588. [PMID: 27540635 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The effect of prewashing process prior to the liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment of high free ash content waste wheat straw (WWS) was investigated. It was found that prewashing process decreased the ash content of WWS greatly, from 29.48% to 9.82%. This contributed to the lower pH value of prehydrolyzate and higher xylan removal in the following LHW pretreatment. More importantly, the prewashing process effectively increased the cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of pretreated WWS, from 53.04% to 84.15%. The acid buffering capacity (ABC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of raw and prewashed WWS were examined. The majority of free ash removal from WWS by prewashing resulted in the decrease of the ABC of the WWS from 211.74 to 61.81mmol/pH-kg, and potentially enhancing the efficiency of the follow-up LHW pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xinxing Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yang Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chenhuan Lai
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qiang Yong
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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19
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Phitsuwan P, Sakka K, Ratanakhanokchai K. Structural changes and enzymatic response of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) stem induced by alkaline pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:247-56. [PMID: 27371797 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Napier grass is a promising energy crop in the tropical region. Feasible alkaline pretreatment technologies, including NaOH, Ca(OH)2, NH3, and alkaline H2O2 (aH2O2), were used to delignify lignocellulose with the aim of improving glucose recovery from Napier grass stem cellulose via enzymatic saccharification. The influences of the pretreatments on structural alterations were examined using SEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA, and the relationships between these changes and the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose were addressed. The extensive removal of lignin (84%) in NaOH-pretreated fibre agreed well with the high glucan conversion rate (94%) by enzymatic hydrolysis, while the conversion rates for fibre pretreated with Ca(OH)2, NH3, and aH2O2 approached 60%, 51%, and 42%, respectively. The substantial solubilisation of lignin created porosity, allowing increased cellulose accessibility to cellulases in NaOH-pretreated fibre. In contrast, high lignin content, lignin redeposition on the surface, and residual internal lignin and hemicellulose impeded enzymatic performance in Ca(OH)2-, NH3-, and aH2O2-pretreated fibres, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paripok Phitsuwan
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand.
| | - Kazuo Sakka
- Graduated School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Khanok Ratanakhanokchai
- Division of Biochemical Technology, School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkuntien, Bangkok 10150, Thailand
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20
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Cai D, Dong Z, Wang Y, Chen C, Li P, Qin P, Wang Z, Tan T. Co-generation of microbial lipid and bio-butanol from corn cob bagasse in an environmentally friendly biorefinery process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 216:345-51. [PMID: 27259190 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Biorefinery process of corn cob bagasse was investigated by integrating microbial lipid and ABE fermentation. The effects of NaOH concentration on the fermentations performance were evaluated. The black liquor after pretreatment was used as substrate for microbial lipid fermentation, while the enzymatic hydrolysates of the bagasse were used for ABE fermentation. The results demonstrated that under the optimized condition, the cellulose and hemicellulose in raw material could be effectively utilized. Approximate 87.7% of the polysaccharides were converted into valuable biobased products (∼175.7g/kg of ABE along with ∼36.6g/kg of lipid). At the same time, almost half of the initial COD (∼48.9%) in the black liquor could be degraded. The environmentally friendly biorefinery process showed promising in maximizing the utilization of biomass for future biofuels production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Cai
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zhongshi Dong
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Changjing Chen
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Peiyong Qin
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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21
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Review of Alkali-Based Pretreatment To Enhance Enzymatic Saccharification for Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b01907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Cai D, Li P, Luo Z, Qin P, Chen C, Wang Y, Wang Z, Tan T. Effect of dilute alkaline pretreatment on the conversion of different parts of corn stalk to fermentable sugars and its application in acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 211:117-24. [PMID: 27010341 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of dilute alkaline pretreatment on different parts of biomass, corn stalk was separated into flower, leaf, cob, husk and stem, which were treated by NaOH in range of temperature and chemical loading. The NaOH-pretreated solid was then enzymatic hydrolysis and used as the substrate for batch acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation. The results demonstrated the five parts of corn stalk could be used as potential feedstock separately, with vivid performances in solvents production. Under the optimized conditions towards high product titer, 7.5g/L, 7.6g/L, 9.4g/L, 7g/L and 7.6g/L of butanol was obtained in the fermentation broth of flower, leaf, cob, husk and stem hydrolysate, respectively. Under the optimized conditions towards high product yield, 143.7g/kg, 126.3g/kg, 169.1g/kg, 107.7g/kg and 116.4g/kg of ABE solvent were generated, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Cai
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zhangfeng Luo
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Peiyong Qin
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Changjing Chen
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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23
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Mirmohamadsadeghi S, Chen Z, Wan C. Reducing biomass recalcitrance via mild sodium carbonate pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 209:386-90. [PMID: 26972025 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of mild sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) pretreatment on enzymatic hydrolysis of different feedstocks (i.e., corn stover, Miscanthus, and switchgrass). The results showed that sodium carbonate pretreatment markedly enhanced the sugar yields of the tested biomass feedstocks. The pretreated corn stover, Miscanthus, and switchgrass gave the glucose yields of 95.1%, 62.3%, and 81.3%, respectively, after enzymatic hydrolysis. The above glucose yields of pretreated feedstocks were 2-4 times that of untreated ones. The pretreatment also enhanced the xylose yields, 4 times for corn stover and 20 times for both Miscanthus and switchgrass. Sodium carbonate pretreatment removed 40-59% lignin from the tested feedstocks while preserving most of cellulose (<5% cellulose loss). Corn stover appeared to be least resistant to breakdown by Na2CO3 and enzymatic hydrolysis. Our study indicated that mild sodium carbonate pretreatment was effective for reducing biomass recalcitrance and subsequently improving the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Mirmohamadsadeghi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Zhu Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Caixia Wan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
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24
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Dotsenko G, Nielsen MK, Lange L. Statistical model semiquantitatively approximates arabinoxylooligosaccharides' structural diversity. Carbohydr Res 2016; 426:9-14. [PMID: 27043469 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A statistical model describing the random distribution of substituted xylopyranosyl residues in arabinoxylooligosaccharides is suggested and compared with existing experimental data. Structural diversity of arabinoxylooligosaccharides of various length, originating from different arabinoxylans (wheat flour arabinoxylan (arabinose/xylose, A/X = 0.47); grass arabinoxylan (A/X = 0.24); wheat straw arabinoxylan (A/X = 0.15); and hydrothermally pretreated wheat straw arabinoxylan (A/X = 0.05)), is semiquantitatively approximated using the proposed model. The suggested approach can be applied not only for prediction and quantification of arabinoxylooligosaccharides' structural diversity, but also for estimate of yield and selection of the optimal source of arabinoxylan for production of arabinoxylooligosaccharides with desired structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb Dotsenko
- Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Section for Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Copenhagen, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark.
| | - Michael Krogsgaard Nielsen
- Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Lene Lange
- Center for Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Section for Sustainable Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University Copenhagen, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark
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25
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Li P, Cai D, Luo Z, Qin P, Chen C, Wang Y, Zhang C, Wang Z, Tan T. Effect of acid pretreatment on different parts of corn stalk for second generation ethanol production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 206:86-92. [PMID: 26849200 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of different parts of corn stalk, including stem, leaf, flower, cob and husk on second generation ethanol production were evaluated. FTIR, XRD and SEM were performed to investigate the effect of dilute acid pretreatment. The bagasse obtained after pretreatment were further hydrolyzed by cellulase and used as the substrate for ethanol fermentation. As results, hemicelluloses fractions in different parts of corn stalk were dramatically removed and the solid fractions showed vivid compositions and crystallinities. Compared with other parts of corn stalk, the cob had higher sugar content and better enzymatic digestibility. The highest glucose yield of 94.2% and ethanol production of 24.0 g L(-1) were achieved when the cob was used as feedstock, while the glucose yield and the ethanol production were only 86.0% and 17.1 g L(-1) in the case of flower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Di Cai
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zhangfeng Luo
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Peiyong Qin
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Changjing Chen
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Changwei Zhang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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26
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Saratale GD, Jung MY, Oh MK. Reutilization of green liquor chemicals for pretreatment of whole rice waste biomass and its application to 2,3-butanediol production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 205:90-6. [PMID: 26820921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The performance of green liquor pretreatment using Na2CO3 and Na2SO3 and its optimization for whole rice waste biomass (RWB) was investigated. Incubation of Na2CO3-Na2SO3 at a 1:1 ratio (chemical charge 10%) for 12% RWB at 100°C for 6h resulted in maximum delignification (58.2%) with significant glucan yield (88%) and total sugar recovery (545mg/g of RWB) after enzymatic hydrolysis. Recovery and reusability of the resulting chemical spent wash were evaluated to treat RWB along with its compatibility for enzymatic digestibility. Significant hydrolysis and lignin removal were observed for up to three cycles; however, further reuse of Na2CO3 and Na2SO3 lowered their performance. Significant 2,3-butanediol (BDO) was produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae KMK-05 with the RWB enzymatic hydrolysate from each pretreatment cycle. BDO yield achieved using RWB-derived sugars was similar to those using laboratory-grade sugars. This pretreatment strategy constitutes an ecofriendly, cost-effective, and practical method for utilizing lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh D Saratale
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Moo-Young Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, South Korea.
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27
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Jiang B, Wang W, Gu F, Cao T, Jin Y. Comparison of the substrate enzymatic digestibility and lignin structure of wheat straw stems and leaves pretreated by green liquor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 199:181-187. [PMID: 26342786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the substrate enzymatic digestibility (SED) and the lignin structure of green liquor (GL) pretreated wheat straw stems and leaves were investigated. Compared with wheat straw stems, leaves showed higher delignification selectivity in GL pretreatment and higher SED in enzymatic hydrolysis. Wet chemical analysis indicated that, characterized with lower content of syringyl units and less β-O-4 linkages, leaf lignin is structurally different from stem lignin. After GL pretreatment, the drops of both nitrobenzene oxidation and ozonation products yield of leaves were obviously higher than those of stems, which means that more β-O-4 linkages of leaf lignin were broken than that of stem lignin. The SED of total sugar in GL-pretreated leaves was about 50% higher than that in GL-pretreated stems. The less content and lower S/G ratio of lignin are suggested to be the important factors for the better SED of GL-pretreated leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wangxia Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tingyue Cao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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28
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Zhang J, Liu W, Hou Q, Chen J, Xu N, Ji F. Effects of different pre-extractions combining with chemi-thermomechanical treatments on the enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 175:75-81. [PMID: 25459806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Three different pre-extraction methods (i.e., acetic acid, sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide) were used for the pretreatment followed by chemi-thermomechanical treatments and then enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw to produce fermentable sugars. The performance of enzymatic hydrolysis by the synergistic effect of pre-extractions and chemi-thermomechanical treatments was remarkable. Results showed that the pre-extraction combining with the chemi-thermomechanical treatments shorten the enzymatic hydrolysis time and improved the glucose yield at the same enzyme loadings. The chemical components, swelling ability, and crystallinity, as well as the surface morphology of the substrates were changed obviously. All of these changes can affect the accessibility of enzymes to cellulose in the substrates to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Qingxi Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Junwei Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ningpan Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Fuzeng Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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29
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Geng W, Huang T, Jin Y, Song J, Chang HM, Jameel H. Comparison of sodium carbonate-oxygen and sodium hydroxide-oxygen pretreatments on the chemical composition and enzymatic saccharification of wheat straw. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 161:63-68. [PMID: 24686372 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment of wheat straw with a combination of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with oxygen (O2) 0.5MPa was evaluated for its delignification ability at relatively low temperature 110°C and for its effect on enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. In the pretreatment, the increase of alkali charge (as Na2O) up to 12% for Na2CO3 and 6% for NaOH, respectively, resulted in enhancement of lignin removal, but did not significantly degrade cellulose and hemicellulose. When the pretreated solid was hydrolyzed with a mixture of cellulases and hemicellulases, the sugar yield increased rapidly with the lignin removal during the pretreatment. A total sugar yield based on dry matter of raw material, 63.8% for Na2CO3-O2 and 71.9% for NaOH-O2 was achieved under a cellulase loading of 20FPU/g-cellulose. The delignification efficiency and total sugar yield from enzymatic hydrolysis were comparable to the previously reported results at much higher temperature without oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Geng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Ting Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Pulp and Paper Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Hou-Min Chang
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Hasan Jameel
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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30
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Zhao C, Ding W, Chen F, Cheng C, Shao Q. Effects of compositional changes of AFEX-treated and H-AFEX-treated corn stover on enzymatic digestibility. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 155:34-40. [PMID: 24412921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Corn stover is one of the main agricultural residues being considered as a cellulosic ethanol feedstock. This work evaluated the effectiveness of AFEX™(1) pretreatment for converting corn stover to fermentable sugars, both with and without pre-soaking in hydrogen peroxide. The compositional changes and enzymatic digestibility of AFEX-treated and H-AFEX-treated biomass were investigated. Results showed that most of the polysaccharides remained intact following each of these two methods. Compared with AFEX pretreatment, the H-AFEX process enhanced delignification and enzymatic hydrolysis yields of both glucose and xylose. The maximum glucan and xylan digestibility of H-AFEX process were 87.78% and 90.64%, respectively, and were obtained using 0.7 (w/w) water loading, 1.0 (w/w) ammonia loading, 0.5 (w/w) 30wt.% hydrogen peroxide loading, and 130°C for 10min. The results of the present work show that H-AFEX is a feasible pretreatment to improve the enzymatic saccharification of corn stover for bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China; National Engineering Research Center for Wood-based Resource Utilization, School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Weimin Ding
- College of Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Wood-based Resource Utilization, School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Wood-based Resource Utilization, School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Qianjun Shao
- National Engineering Research Center for Wood-based Resource Utilization, School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Linan, Zhejiang 311300, China.
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Kim I, Rehman MSU, Han JI. Enhanced glucose yield and structural characterization of corn stover by sodium carbonate pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 152:316-320. [PMID: 24300848 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Na2CO3 was employed as an efficient yet cheap alkaline catalyst for the pretreatment of corn stover. To systematically obtain an optimal condition, the effects of critical pretreatment parameters including Na2CO3 concentration (2-6%), temperature (120-160 °C), and reaction time (10-30 min) on glucose yield were evaluated in lab-scale using response surface methodology. The best conditions were found to be Na2CO3 of 4.1%, temperature of 142.6 °C, and reaction time of 18.0 min, under which glucose yield reached to 267.5 g/kg biomass. Physical properties, based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imagery, surface area, pore volume and size, and crystallinity of pretreated corn stover, were examined. The Na2CO3 pretreatment apparently damaged the surface and altered structural features of corn stover, which resulted in the enhancement of enzymatic of hydrolysis. These results evidently support that Na2CO3 is indeed a robust and feasible catalyst for pretreating lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilgook Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Saif Ur Rehman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Han
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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