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Samaei SHA, Chen J, Xue J. Current progress of continuous-flow aerobic granular sludge: A critical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 875:162633. [PMID: 36889385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is promising for water resource recovery. Despite the mature granulation strategies in sequencing batch reactor (SBR), the application of AGS-SBR in wastewater treatment is usually costly as it requires extensive infrastructure conversion (e.g., from continuous-flow reactor to SBR). In contrast, continuous-flow AGS (CAGS) that does not require such infrastructure conversion is a more cost-effective strategy to retrofit existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Formation of aerobic granules in both batch and continuous-flow mode depends on many factors, including selection pressure, feast/famine conditions, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and environmental conditions. Compared with AGS in SBR, creating proper conditions to facilitate granulation in continuous-flow mode is challenging. Researchers have been seeking to tackle this bottleneck by studying the impacts of selection pressure, feast/famine conditions, and operating parameters on granulation and granule stability in CAGS. This review paper summarizes the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding CAGS for wastewater treatment. Firstly, we discuss the CAGS granulation process and effective parameters (i.e., selection pressure, feast/famine conditions, hydrodynamic shear force, reactor configuration, the role of EPS, and other operating factors). Then, we evaluate CAGS performance in removing COD, nitrogen, phosphorus, emerging pollutants, and heavy metals from wastewater. Finally, the applicability of the hybrid CAGS systems is presented. At last, we suggest that integrating CAGS with other treatment methods such as membrane bioreactor (MBR) or advanced oxidation processes (AOP) can benefit the performance and stability of granules. However, future research should address unknowns including the relationship between feast/famine ratio and stability of the granules, the effectiveness of applying particle size-based selection pressure, and the CAGS performance at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hesam-Aldin Samaei
- Cold-Region Water Resource Recovery Laboratory, Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Jianfei Chen
- Cold-Region Water Resource Recovery Laboratory, Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Jinkai Xue
- Cold-Region Water Resource Recovery Laboratory, Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, 3737 Wascana Parkway, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada.
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2
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Wan C, Li Z, Deng L, Yuan Y, Wu C. Microbial population properties in the hierarchically structured aerobic granular sludge: Phenotype and genotype. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161164. [PMID: 36632901 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a layered microbial aggregate formed by the ordered self-assembly of different microbial populations. In this study, the outer layer (OL), middle layer (ML), and the inner layer (IL) of matured AGS were obtained by circular cutting. The adhesion of microorganisms in IL was significantly higher than that in OL and ML during the famine period, while the adhesion of microorganisms in ML and OL was significantly higher than that in IL during the feast period, confirming that the formation of AGS started in the famine period, and the feast period promoted the increase of particle size. Microorganisms in the three-layer structure were highly diverse and rich in genes for cytochrome c oxidase synthesis with oxygen as the electron acceptor. G_Pseudoxanthomonas was the dominant bacterium in OL. Its spatial distribution increased gradually from the inside to the outside. G_Rhodanobacter was the dominant bacterium in IL. Its spatial distribution gradually decreased from the inside to the outside. The microorganisms in IL contained abundant pili genes. During the self-assembly process of particle formation, G_ Rhodanobaker adhered stronger than G_ Pseudoxanthomonas. The interface between aerobic and anoxic was about 0.6 mm away from the granule surface. Combined with the electron mediator properties of the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in granules, it was speculated that the degradation of organic substrates located in the anoxic layer relied on EPS as a mediator for long-range electron transfer, and finally transferred electrons to O2. This study provides a new viewpoint on the formation mechanism of AGS from the perspective of the ordered self-assembly of microorganisms, offering a theoretical basis for the optimal selection of culture conditions and the application of AGS technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhengwen Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liyan Deng
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Changyong Wu
- Research Center of Environmental Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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3
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Al-Hazmi HE, Hassan GK, Maktabifard M, Grubba D, Majtacz J, Mąkinia J. Integrating conventional nitrogen removal with anammox in wastewater treatment systems: Microbial metabolism, sustainability and challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114432. [PMID: 36167115 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The various forms of nitrogen (N), including ammonium (NH4+), nitrite (NO2-), and nitrate (NO3-), present in wastewaters can create critical biotic stress and can lead to hazardous phenomena that cause imbalances in biological diversity. Thus, biological nitrogen removal (BNR) from wastewaters is considered to be imperatively urgent. Therefore, anammox-based systems, i.e. partial nitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (PN/anammox) and partial denitrification and anammox (PD/anammox) have been universally acknowledged to consider as alternatives, promising and cost-effective technologies for sustainable N removal from wastewaters compared to nitrification-denitrification processes. This review comprehensively presents and discusses the latest advances in BNR technologies, including traditional nitrification-denitrification and anammox-based systems. To a deep understanding of a better-controlled combining anammox with traditional processes, the microbial community diversity and metabolism, as well as, biomass morphological characteristics were clearly reviewed in the anammox-based systems. Explaining simultaneous microbial competition and control of crucial operation parameters in single-stage anammox-based processes in terms of optimization and economic benefits makes this contribution a different vision from available review papers. The most important sustainability indicators, including global warming potential (GWP), carbon footprint (CF) and energy behaviours were explored to evaluate the sustainability of BNR processes in wastewater treatment. Additionally, the challenges and solutions for BNR processes are extensively discussed. In summary, this review helps facilitate a critical understanding of N removal technologies. It is confirmed that sustainability and saving energy would be achieved by anammox-based systems, thereby could be encouraged future outcomes for a sustainable N removal economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein E Al-Hazmi
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland.
| | - Gamal K Hassan
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth St, Giza, Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Mojtaba Maktabifard
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Dominika Grubba
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Joanna Majtacz
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
| | - Jacek Mąkinia
- Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Ul. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk, 80-233, Poland
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Wang S, Huang X, Liu L, Yan P, Chen Y, Fang F, Guo J. Insight into the role of exopolysaccharide in determining the structural stability of aerobic granular sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 298:113521. [PMID: 34392097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) have a critical contribution to the stability of aerobic granular sludge (AGS), but the mechanism and details of EPS composition and function are far from clear. This work investigated the contribution of exopolysaccharide (PS) to maintaining the structural stability of AGS. The results revealed that PS hydrolysis induced by α-amylase, dextranase and cellulase significantly decreased the granular stability, whereas a substantial content reduction of extracellular protein (PN) was also observed. It was also found that hydrolysis of PS led to a decrease of sludge hydrophobicity, granular gel mechanical strength by 14.09 %, 38.67 %, respectively, and an increase of surface free energy by 49.59 %, which is not conducive to granular stability. Through fluorescent staining, existence of large amounts of PS and PN conjugates in EPS matrix was verified. It was proposed that these conjugates with PS as skeleton (PS-PN) dominate granular stability by affecting hydrophobicity interactions and hydrogen bonds system, which are two important parameters to gel properties, constituting a crucial finding of this work. This study offers an supplementation of EPS system theory and granular stability mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Huang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Peng Yan
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Youpeng Chen
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Fang Fang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China.
| | - Jinsong Guo
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
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Wan C, Li Z, Shen Y, Liu X. Alternating nitrogen feeding strategy induced aerobic granulation: Influencing conditions and mechanism. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 109:135-147. [PMID: 34607662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effective cultivation of stable aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a crucial step in the successful application of this technology, and the formation of AGS could be facilitated by some environmental stress conditions. Four identical sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were established to investigate the aerobic granulation process under the same alternating ammonia nitrogen feeding strategy superimposed with different environmental conditions (inorganic carbon source, temperature, N/COD). Although various superimposed conditions induced a significant difference in the size, settling velocity, mechanic strength of AGS, mature aerobic granules could be successfully obtained in all four reactors after 70 days' operation, indicating the alternating ammonia nitrogen feeding strategy was the most critical factor for AGS formation. Based on the results of redundancy analysis, the presence of an inorganic carbon source could facilitate the cultivation of AGS with nitrification function, while the moderate temperature and fluctuant N/COD might benefit the cultivation of more stable AGS. In addition, superimposed stress conditions could result in the difference in the microbial population between four reactors, but the population diversity and abundance of microorganisms were not the determinants of AGS formation. This study provided an effective method for the cultivation of AGS by using alternating ammonia nitrogen feeding strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhengwen Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yanggui Shen
- College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Cui F, Kim M, Park C, Kim D, Mo K, Kim M. Application of principal component analysis (PCA) to the assessment of parameter correlations in the partial-nitrification process using aerobic granular sludge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 288:112408. [PMID: 33780822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to extract relevant information hidden in the partial-nitrification process using aerobic granular sludge. The objectives of this research are (a) to determine total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), total nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), and other water quality parameters; (b) to identify the diversity of nitrification and denitrification bacterial community of wastewater samples during the partial-nitrification process using aerobic granular sludge and; (c) to analyze the correlation of available parameters using PCA. The nitrite accumulation ratio was determined from TAN, NO2-N, and NO3-N. Other water quality parameters were mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS), alkalinity, total nitrogen (TN) and sludge volume index (SVI), pH, and dissolved oxygen (DO). The identification of bacterial community was conducted using 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing by GS Junior Sequencing system. The water quality parameters were computed for PCA using software MATLAB. A nitrite accumulation ratio (NAR) between 0.55 and 0.85 was determined while maintaining the aerobic granular sludge's compact and dense structure. The PCA was used to reduce the data dimensionality from the original 8 variables to 2 principal components explaining 75% of the total data variance. Applying PCA to the data analysis in biological wastewater treatment can support detecting data anomalies and separating useful information from unwanted interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghao Cui
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan City, Kyeonggido, 426-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan City, Kyeonggido, 426-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul Park
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan City, Kyeonggido, 426-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dokyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan City, Kyeonggido, 426-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung Mo
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan City, Kyeonggido, 426-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moonil Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan City, Kyeonggido, 426-791, Republic of Korea.
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7
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The Operating Characteristics of Partial Nitrification by Controlling pH and Alkalinity. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In many experiments, a partial nitrification device is initiated with the use of highly active nitrating sludge because of the large number of nitrifying bacteria. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are more adaptable to low-dissolved oxygen environments than nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). NOB activity was inhibited when the dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were decreased, causing the nitrate-nitrogen concentration to gradually decrease in the effluent and the nitrite-nitrogen concentration to gradually increase, achieving the accumulation of nitrous nitrogen. In this experiment, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was used to suppress NOB activity at a given pH while maintaining DO at a very low level so that the ammonia–water reaction mainly occurred in the device, and then the mud and water separated. Compared with other experiments, this approach can occur in 25 days, and it runs stably for more than two months until the device closes when the ammonia-nitrogen concentration is about 170 mg/L. This experiment also compared the difference between the pH change at the beginning of the device operation and after the device was stable. In order to increase the efficiency of bacterial appreciation, supplementing NaHCO3 increased the HCO3− concentration by 300 mg/L on the 25th day. It was found that some nitrification reactions still occurred, but they were not enough to destabilize the device. The nitrosate accumulation efficiency still gradually increased, and the average nitrite accumulation efficiency was 87.25% after NaHCO3 supplementation.
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Tomar SK, Chakraborty S. Impact of high phenol loading on aerobic granules from two different kinds of industrial sludge along with thiocyanate and ammonium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 315:123824. [PMID: 32688255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two sequencing batch reactors inoculated with two different kinds of industrial sludge; refinery sludge (R1) and brewery sludge (R2), were operated to observe the impact of high phenol loading (5.71 kg COD m-3 day-1) along with 100 mg L-1 of ammonia-nitrogen and thiocyanate on the granular stability and performance. R2 granules were stable and degraded all the pollutants up to an organic loading of 5.71 kg COD m-3 day-1 with the large size and high extracellular polymeric substances of 2769.94 ± 62.26 µm and 114.83 ± 1.33 mg gVSS-1, respectively, whereas R1 granules disintegrated at an organic loading of more than 3.32 kg COD m-3 day-1. At higher phenol loading, granular biomass activity was 3.43 and 16.35 mg COD removed mgVSS-1 day-1 in R1 and R2, respectively, from the initial sludge activities of 8.01 (refinery sludge) and 6.56 (brewery sludge) mg COD removed mgVSS-1 day-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar Tomar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Saswati Chakraborty
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
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Qi K, Li Z, Zhang C, Tan X, Wan C, Liu X, Wang L, Lee DJ. Biodegradation of real industrial wastewater containing ethylene glycol by using aerobic granular sludge in a continuous-flow reactor: Performance and resistance mechanism. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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10
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Jiang Y, Liu Y, Zhang H, Yang K, Li J, Shao S. Aerobic granular sludge shows enhanced resistances to the long-term toxicity of Cu(II). CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126664. [PMID: 32278915 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cu(II) is one of the most widely-existed heavy metal ions in industrial effluents. A high concentration of Cu(II) leads to strong toxic effects on microorganisms and sludge for treating industrial wastewater which often contains aromatic pollutants. Granular sludge has different characteristics compared with floc sludge, and it may exhibit unique responses to the high concentration of Cu(II). Therefore, in this study, the variations of sludge properties and pollutant removal were investigated in the aerobic granular sludge (AGS) system with 0, 5, and 10 mg L-1 of Cu(II). The results suggested that both levels of Cu(II) promoted protein secretion and bounded with extracellular polymeric substances; thus, led to more compact granules with better settleability. Cu(II) had limited impacts on the overall organic degradation and denitrification efficiency, while it exerted significant negative effect on nitrification. The average NH4+-N concentration reached 1.4 ± 0.5, 6.7 ± 3.1, and 8.4 ± 1.5 mg L-1 in the effluent when the influent contained 0, 5, and 10 mg L-1 of Cu(II), respectively. The microbial community succession showed that no reduction was observed for the total relative abundance of main groups involved in organic removal such as Pseudoxanthomonas, Acidovorax, Acinetobacter, and Thauera. However, the growth of some functional groups such as Saccharibacteria for nitrification was inhibited by the toxic effect of Cu(II). These findings suggested that AGS could resist to the long-term toxic effects of Cu(II) by multiple rationales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Huining Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jiangyun Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Senlin Shao
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Treatment of Liquid Phase of Digestate from Agricultural Biogas Plant in a System with Aerobic Granules and Ultrafiltration. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Management of digestate from manure co-digestion with a very high chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrogen ratio and high nitrogen loads are a major bottleneck in the development of agricultural biogas plants. The liquid phase of digestate mixed with municipal wastewater was treated in aerobic granular sludge batch reactors at cycle lengths (t) of 6 h (GSBR6h), 8 h (GSBR8h), and 12 h (GSBR12h), corresponding to nitrogen loads of 1.6, 1.2, and 0.8 g/(L·d). Thauera sp., Lacibacter sp., Thermanaerothrix sp., and Planctomyces sp. predominated in granules favoring effective granule formation and nitrogen removal. Increasing cycle lengths (t) significantly decreased proteins in soluble fraction of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in granules and increased polysaccharides in tightly bound EPS that resulted in higher granule diameters and higher COD removal. In GSBR6h, heterotrophic nitrification/denitrification was very efficient, but ammonium was fully oxidized in the last hour of the cycle. So in further studies, the effluent from GSBR8h was subjected to ultrafiltration (UF) at transmembrane pressures (TMPs) of 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 MPa. A GSBR8h-UF system (TMP of 0.4 MPa) ensured full removal of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), suspended solids, and substantial reduction of COD and color with good permeate flux. The NOx-rich (about 250 mg/L), clear permeate can be reused in line with assumptions of modern circular economy.
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12
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Wei D, Ngo HH, Guo W, Xu W, Du B, Wei Q. Partial nitrification granular sludge reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox): Achievement, performance and microbial community. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 269:25-31. [PMID: 30149251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.08.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Partial nitrification granular sludge was successfully cultivated in a sequencing batch reactor as a pretreatment for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) through shortening settling time. After 250-days operation, the effluent NH4+-N and NO2--N concentrations were average at 277.5 and 280.5 mg/L with nitrite accumulation rate of 87.8%, making it as an ideal influent for Anammox. Simultaneous free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA) played major inhibitory roles on the activity of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The MLSS and SVI30 of partial nitrification reactor were 14.6 g/L and 25.0 mL/g, respectively. Polysaccharide (PS) and protein (PN) amounts in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from granular sludge were about 1.3 and 2.8 times higher than from seed sludge. High-throughput pyrosequencing results indicated that Nitrosomonas affiliated to the ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was the predominant group with a proportion of 24.1% in the partial nitrification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wei
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wenshan Guo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Weiying Xu
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Bin Du
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
| | - Qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Sensing & Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
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13
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Zhang Z, Yu Z, Dong J, Wang Z, Ma K, Xu X, Alvarezc PJJ, Zhu L. Stability of aerobic granular sludge under condition of low influent C/N ratio: Correlation of sludge property and functional microorganism. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 270:391-399. [PMID: 30243247 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge process treating domestic wastewater with low C/N ratio is necessary to be studied for rapid urbanization in China and other countries. In this study, two parallel reactors with different influent C/N ratio (15 in R1, 5 in R2) were established. Compared to the disintegrated granule in R1 with high influent C/N ratio, granules with large size (650 μm) and compact structure (integrity coefficient <0.1) were stable in R2 along with influent C/N ratio decreased to 5. High-through sequencing illustrated the functional microbes like Thauera and Paracoccus enriched under low influent C/N ratio, and principal component analysis further showed these microbes were positive correlation with tryptophan and protein-like substances in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and granular strength. It was indicated that under low influent C/N ratio, several resistant microbes like Thauera (19.5%) enriched and then secreted tryptophan and protein-like substances, and stable granules with multi-functional microbes could be formed finally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhuodong Yu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingjing Dong
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ke Ma
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiangyang Xu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pedro J J Alvarezc
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Liang Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution Control and Treatment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water Pollution Control, 388 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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14
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Tomar SK, Chakraborty S. Effect of air flow rate on development of aerobic granules, biomass activity and nitrification efficiency for treating phenol, thiocyanate and ammonium. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 219:178-188. [PMID: 29738935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The impact of air flow rate on aerobic granulation was evaluated for treating toxic multiple pollutants; phenol (400 mg L-1), thiocyanate (100 mg L-1) and ammonia nitrogen (100 mg L-1) by using three lab scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) (R1, R2 and R3). Larger granules (2938.67 ± 64.91 μm) with higher biomass concentration (volatile solids of 4.17 ± 0.09 g L-1), higher granule settling velocity (55.56 ± 1.36 m h-1) and lower sludge volume index (35.25 ± 1.71 mL gTSS-1) were observed at optimal air flow rate of 2.5 L min-1 (R2). Confocal laser scanning microscopic images illustrated the extended fluorescence for extracellular polymeric substances in R2. In R2, partial nitrification was achieved. Phenol was completely removed in all the reactors while partial removal of SCN- and no nitrification were observed with a decrease (1.5 L min-1) and an increase (3.5 L min-1) in air flow rates (R1 and R3, respectively). This study provides an experimental contribution to examine the effect of optimal combination of aeration and toxic multiple pollutants, governing characteristics and nitrification efficiency of granules along with SBR performance in an economic way in terms of optimal air supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Kumar Tomar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Saswati Chakraborty
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
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15
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Liu X, Ni SQ, Guo W, Wang Z, Ahmad HA, Gao B, Fang X. N 2O emission and bacterial community dynamics during realization of the partial nitrification process. RSC Adv 2018; 8:24305-24311. [PMID: 35539160 PMCID: PMC9082017 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03032d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, greenhouse gas emissions and microbial community succession during the realization of the partial nitrification (PN) process were studied. The results show that N2O emission mainly occurred in the aerobic stage and the PN reactor released about 20 mg of N2O gas each cycle. There is a positive correlation between the dissolved N2O concentration and the temperature of a typical cycle. High-throughput sequencing was used to illustrate succession in the microbial community structure. The most significant microfloral change during the PN startup process was that some aerobic bacteria were relatively enriched and some anaerobic bacteria were weeded out. The ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) like Nitrosomonadaceae were enriched on account of the suitable external environment. Pseudomonas whose main function is denitrification declined and Planctomyces (anammox) showed the same tendency. This study comprehensively demonstrates the fluctuations of dissolved and emitted N2O while researching the succession of the microbial community in the culture of the PN process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University No. 27 Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 Shandong PR China +86-531-88365660 +86-531-88365660
| | - Shou-Qing Ni
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University No. 27 Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 Shandong PR China +86-531-88365660 +86-531-88365660
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney Sydney NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Zhibin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University No. 27 Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 Shandong PR China
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University No. 27 Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 Shandong PR China
| | - Hafiz Adeel Ahmad
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University No. 27 Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 Shandong PR China +86-531-88365660 +86-531-88365660
| | - Baoyu Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University No. 27 Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 Shandong PR China +86-531-88365660 +86-531-88365660
| | - Xu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University No. 27 Shanda South Road Jinan 250100 Shandong PR China
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16
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Chun SJ, Cui Y, Ahn CY, Oh HM. Improving water quality using settleable microalga Ettlia sp. and the bacterial community in freshwater recirculating aquaculture system of Danio rerio. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 135:112-121. [PMID: 29459117 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A highly settleable microalga, Ettlia sp., was applied to a freshwater recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) of Danio rerio to improve the treatment of nitrogenous compounds. The growth characteristics of the microalgae, water quality parameters, and bacterial communities were monitored for 73 days. In the treatment RAS, the inoculated Ettlia sp. grew up to 1.26 g/L and dominated (>99%) throughout the experiment, whereas naturally occurring microalgae grew to 0.57 g/L in the control RAS. The nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium concentrations in the treatment RAS were reduced by 50.1%, 73.3%, and 24.2%, respectively, compared to the control RAS. A bacterial community analysis showed that Rhodospirillales, Phycisphaerae, Chlorobiales, and Burkholderiales were the major bacterial groups in the later phase of the treatment RAS. Meanwhile, a network analysis among the Ettlia sp., bacterial groups, and environmental parameters, revealed that the bacterial groups played key roles in both water quality improvement and Ettlia sp. growth. In conclusion, the inoculation and growth of the Ettlia sp. and its associated bacteria in the RAS produced beneficial effects on the water quality by reducing the nitrogenous compounds and providing a favorable environment for certain bacterial groups to further improve water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jun Chun
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yingshun Cui
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Yong Ahn
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Kent TR, Bott CB, Wang ZW. State of the art of aerobic granulation in continuous flow bioreactors. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1139-1166. [PMID: 29597030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In the wake of the success of aerobic granulation in sequential batch reactors (SBRs) for treating wastewater, attention is beginning to turn to continuous flow applications. This is a necessary step given the advantages of continuous flow treatment processes and the fact that the majority of full-scale wastewater treatment plants across the world are operated with aeration tanks and clarifiers in a continuous flow mode. As in SBRs, applying a selection pressure, based on differences in either settling velocity or the size of the biomass, is essential for successful granulation in continuous flow reactors (CFRs). CFRs employed for aerobic granulation come in multiple configurations, each with their own means of achieving such a selection pressure. Other factors, such as bioaugmentation and hydraulic shear force, also contribute to aerobic granulation to some extent. Besides the formation of aerobic granules, long-term stability of aerobic granules is also a critical issue to be addressed. Inorganic precipitation, special inocula, and various operational optimization strategies have been used to improve granule long-term structural integrity. Accumulated studies reviewed in this work demonstrate that aerobic granulation in CFRs is capable of removing a wide spectrum of contaminants and achieving properties generally comparable to those in SBRs. Despite the notable research progress made toward successful aerobic granulation in lab-scale CFRs, to the best of our knowledge, there are only three full-scale tests of the technique, two being seeded with anammox-supported aerobic granules and the other with conventional aerobic granules; two other process alternatives are currently in development. Application of settling- or size-based selection pressures and feast/famine conditions are especially difficult to implement to these and similar mainstream systems. Future research efforts needs to be focused on the optimization of the granule-to-floc ratio, enhancement of granule activity, improvement of long-term granule stability, and a better understanding of aerobic granulation mechanisms in CFRs, especially in full-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Kent
- Occoquan Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, United States
| | | | - Zhi-Wu Wang
- Occoquan Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, United States.
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18
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Świątczak P, Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A. Performance and microbial characteristics of biomass in a full-scale aerobic granular sludge wastewater treatment plant. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:1655-1669. [PMID: 29101689 PMCID: PMC5766719 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
By modification of the operational conditions of batch reactors, a municipal wastewater treatment plant was upgraded from activated sludge to aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology. After upgrading, the volume of the biological reactors was reduced by 30%, but the quality of the effluent substantially improved. The concentration of biomass in the reactors increased twofold; the average biomass yield was 0.6 g MLVSS/g COD, and excess granular sludge was efficiently stabilized in aerobic conditions. Canonical correspondence analysis based on the results of next-generation sequencing showed that the time of adaptation significantly influenced the microbial composition of the granules. In mature granules, the abundance of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria was very low, while the abundance of the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria Nitrospira sp. was 0.5 ± 0.1%. The core genera were Tetrasphaera, Sphingopyxis, Dechloromonas, Flavobacterium, and Ohtaekwangia. Bacteria belonging to these genera produce extracellular polymeric substances, which stabilize granule structure and accumulate phosphorus. The results of this study will be useful for designers of AGS wastewater treatment plants, and molecular data given here provide insight into the ecology of mature aerobic granules from a full-scale facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Świątczak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45G, 10-709, Olsztyn, Poland.
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19
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Ye Y, Saikaly PE, Logan BE. Simultaneous nitrogen and organics removal using membrane aeration and effluent ultrafiltration in an anaerobic fluidized membrane bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 244:456-462. [PMID: 28800555 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved methane and a lack of nutrient removal are two concerns for treatment of wastewater using anaerobic fluidized bed membrane bioreactors (AFMBRs). Membrane aerators were integrated into an AFMBR to form an aeration membrane fluidized bed membrane bioreactor (AeMFMBR) capable of simultaneous removal of organic matter and ammonia without production of dissolved methane. Good effluent quality was obtained with no detectable suspended solids, 93±5% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal to 14±11mg/L, and 74±8% of total ammonia (TA) removal to 12±3mg-N/L for domestic wastewater (COD of 193±23mg/L and TA of 49±5mg-N/L) treatment. Nitrate and nitrite concentrations were always low (<1mg-N/L) during continuous flow treatment. Membrane fouling was well controlled by fluidization of the granular activated carbon (GAC) particles (transmembrane pressures maintained <3kPa). Analysis of the microbial communities suggested that nitrogen removal was due to nitrification and denitrification based on the presence of microorganisms associated with these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoli Ye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - Pascal E Saikaly
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), 4700 King Abdullah Boulevard, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - B E Logan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
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20
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Zhang J, Zhang Q, Li X, Miao Y, Sun Y, Zhang M, Peng Y. Rapid start-up of partial nitritation and simultaneously phosphorus removal (PNSPR) granular sludge reactor treating low-strength domestic sewage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:660-666. [PMID: 28709071 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.06.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining desirable partial nitritation (PN) is crucial for successful application of the combined PN and anammox process. In this study, the partial nitritation and simultaneously phosphorus removal (PNSPR)1 granular sludge reactor treating low-strength domestic sewage was rapidly started up in 67days through seeding denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR)2 sludge. The nitrite/ammonium ratio in effluent was approximately 1 and the nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) was more than 95%, about 93% of orthophosphate was removed. The DPR sludge rich in phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) with few nitrifying bacteria could promote the achievement of PNSPR. Quantitative microbial analysis showed that the ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) gene ratio in sludge increased from 0.21% to 3.43%, while nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) gradually decreased to 0.07%. The average particle size of sludge increased from 114 to 421μm, indicating the formation of PNSPR granules. The high phosphorus content in sludge and phosphorus removal facilitated rapid granulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Miao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yawen Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Miao Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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21
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Zhang C, Sun S, Liu X, Wan C, Lee DJ. Influence of operational conditions on the stability of aerobic granules from the perspective of quorum sensing. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:7640-7649. [PMID: 28124264 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Integrated aerobic granules were first cultivated in two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) (A1 and A2). Then, A1's influent organic loading rate (OLR) was changed from alternating to constant (cycling time was still 6 h), while A2's cycling time varied from 6 to 4 h (influent OLR strategy remained alternating). After 30-day operation since the manipulative alternations, granule breakage happened in two reactors at different operational stages, along with the decrease of granule intensity. Granule diameter in A1 declined from the original 0.84 to 0.32 cm during the whole operation, while granules in A2 dwindled to 0.31 cm on day 22 with similar size to A1. Both the amount of total extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and the protein were declining throughout the operation, and the large molecular weight of protein was considered closely related to the stability of aerobic granules. The relative AI-2 level decreased at the same time, and influent OLR strategy might had more evident impact on quorum sensing (QS) ability of sludge compared with starvation period. Combined with microbial results, the decline of total EPS amount in two reactors could be concluded as follows: During the reactor operation, some functional bacteria gradually lost their dominance and were eliminated from the reactors, which finally caused granule disintegration. In summary, the results further confirmed that alternating OLR and proper starvation period were two major factors in effective cultivation and stability of aerobic granules from the perspective of QS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design General Institute, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Supu Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
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22
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Wang J, Qian F, Liu X, Liu W, Wang S, Shen Y. Cultivation and characteristics of partial nitrification granular sludge in a sequencing batch reactor inoculated with heterotrophic granules. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:9381-9391. [PMID: 27557719 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a simple operation strategy for the cultivation of partial nitrification granules (PNGs) treating an autotrophic medium. For this strategy, aerobic granular sludge adapted to high concentration organics removal was seeded in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with a height/diameter ratio of 3.8, and the ratio of organics to the ammonia nitrogen-loading rate (C/N ratio) in the influent was employed as the main control parameter to start up the partial nitrification process. After 86 days of operation, the nitrite accumulation rate reached 1.44 kg/(m3 day) in the SBR, and the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) was over 95 %. The PNGs showed a dense and compact structure, with an excellent settling ability, a typical extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composition, and a high ammonia oxidation activity. The high-throughput pyrosequencing results indicated that the microbial community structure in the granules was significantly influenced by the C/N ratio, and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), including the r-strategist Nitrosomonas and k-strategist Nitrosospira genre, which accounted for approximately 40 % of the total biomass at the end of operation. The effective suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) growth was attributed to oxygen competition on the granular surface among functional bacteria, as well as the high free ammonia or free nitrous acid concentrations during the aeration period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,College of Tianping, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 55 Changjiang Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyue Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaopeng Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenru Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyong Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoliang Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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23
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Fra-Vázquez A, Morales N, Figueroa M, Val del Río A, Regueiro L, Campos J, Mosquera-Corral A. Bacterial community dynamics in long-term operation of a pilot plant using aerobic granular sludge to treat pig slurry. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1212-1221. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Fra-Vázquez
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Group of Environmental Engineering and Bioprocesses; Inst. of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela 15705 Spain
| | - N. Morales
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Group of Environmental Engineering and Bioprocesses; Inst. of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela 15705 Spain
| | - M. Figueroa
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Group of Environmental Engineering and Bioprocesses; Inst. of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela 15705 Spain
| | - A. Val del Río
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Group of Environmental Engineering and Bioprocesses; Inst. of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela 15705 Spain
| | - L. Regueiro
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Group of Environmental Engineering and Bioprocesses; Inst. of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela 15705 Spain
| | - J.L. Campos
- Faculty of Engineering and Science; Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez; Avda. Padre Hurtado 750 Viña del Mar Chile
| | - A. Mosquera-Corral
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Group of Environmental Engineering and Bioprocesses; Inst. of Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela; Santiago de Compostela 15705 Spain
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24
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Chen CY, Wang GH, Tseng IH, Chung YC. Analysis of bacterial diversity and efficiency of continuous removal of Victoria Blue R from wastewater by using packed-bed bioreactor. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 145:17-24. [PMID: 26657084 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of a packed-bed bioreactor (PBB) for continuously removing Victoria Blue R (VBR) from an aqueous solution were determined. The effects of various factors including liquid retention time (RT), VBR concentration, shock loading, and coexisting compounds on the VBR removal and bacterial community in a continuous system were investigated. The intermediates of degraded VBR and the acute toxicity of the effluent from PBB were analyzed. When the VBR concentration was lower than 400 mg/l for a two-day retention time (RT), 100% removal was achieved. During continuous operation, the efficiency initially varied with the VBR concentration and RT, but gradually increased in one to two days. Furthermore, the acute toxicity of the effluent reduced by a factor of 21.25-49.61, indicating that the PBB can be successfully operated under turbulent environmental conditions. VBR degradation involved stepwise demethylation and yielded partially dealkylated VBR species. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the dominant phylum in the PBB was Proteobacteria and that Aeromonas hydrophila dominated during the entire operating period. The characteristics of the identified species showed that the PBB is suitable for processes such as demethylation, aromatic ring opening, carbon oxidation, nitrification, and denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Chen
- Department of Tourism and Leisure, Hsing Wu University, Taipei, 244, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Horng Wang
- Research Center of Natural Cosmeceuticals Engineering, Xiamen Medical College, China
| | - I-Hung Tseng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chien Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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25
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Ge S, Wang S, Yang X, Qiu S, Li B, Peng Y. Detection of nitrifiers and evaluation of partial nitrification for wastewater treatment: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 140:85-98. [PMID: 25796420 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Partial nitrification has gained broad interests in the biological nitrogen removal (BNR) from wastewater, since it alleviates carbon limitation issues and acts as a shortcut nitrogen removal system combined with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process. The occurrence and maintenance of partial nitrification relies on various conditions, which favor ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) but inhibit or limit nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). The studies of the AOB and NOB activities have been conducted by state-of-the-art molecular techniques, such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Quantitative PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP), Live/Dead BacLight, and quinone profile. Furthermore, control strategies for obtaining partial nitrification are mainly focused on the pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, real-time aeration control, sludge retention time, substrate concentration, alternating anoxic and aerobic operation, inhibitor and ultrasonic treatment. Existing problems and further perspectives for the scale-up of partial nitrification are also proposed and suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Ge
- Key Laboratory of Beijing Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Shanyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xiong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Shuang Qiu
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Baikun Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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26
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Liang Y, Li D, Zeng H, Zhang C, Zhang J. Rapid start-up and microbial characteristics of partial nitrification granular sludge treating domestic sewage at room temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 196:741-745. [PMID: 26271439 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The successful suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in the partial nitrification (PN) stage was the main challenge for the application of autotrophic nitrogen removal process treating mainstream sewage. In this study, two identical PN granular reactors (P1 and P2) were rapid started-up using the simultaneous PN and granulation strategy, for treating the domestic sewage. P1 was seeded with 30% PN granular sludge to induce nucleation, in which the granule size achieved to more than 400μm in 12d, with ammonia oxidation rate and nitrite accumulation rate of 80% and 95%, respectively, while P2 realized granulation in 42d. The presence of organic matters and specific structure of granules were profitable for the stability of PN for treating sewage with low ammonia. High-throughput pyrosequencing results indicated the biodiversity of both reactors decreased after start-up, and Nitrosomonas was the predominant specie of aerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in PN granular sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Huiping Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Cuidan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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27
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Wan C, Lee DJ, Yang X, Wang Y, Wang X, Liu X. Calcium precipitate induced aerobic granulation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 176:32-37. [PMID: 25460981 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granulation is a novel biotechnology for wastewater treatment. This study refined existing aerobic granulation mechanisms as a sequencing process including formation of calcium precipitate under alkaline pH to form inorganic cores, followed by bacterial attachment and growth on these cores to form the exopolysaccharide matrix. Mature granules comprised an inner core and a matrix layer and a rim layer with enriched microbial strains. The inorganic core was a mix of different crystals of calcium and phosphates. Functional strains including Sphingomonas sp., Paracoccus sp. Sinorhizobium americanum strain and Flavobacterium sp. attached onto the cores. These functional strains promote c-di-GMP production and the expression by Psl and Alg genes for exopolysaccharide production to enhance formation of mature granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xingzu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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28
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Wan C, Lee DJ, Yang X, Wang Y, Lin L. Saline storage of aerobic granules and subsequent reactivation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 172:418-422. [PMID: 25270079 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Loss of structural stability and bioactivity during long-term storage and operation is primary challenge to field applications of aerobic granular processes. This study for the first time stored aerobic granules in 5%w/w NaCl solution at 4°C for 187d. The stored granules were then successfully reactivated and used for 85d in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and continuous-flow reactors (CFR) at varying levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD). High-throughput sequencing results reveal that Thauera sp., Paracoccus sp., and Nitrosomonas sp. were the predominant in the stored aerobic granules, and Pseudoxanthomonas sp. accumulated during the reactivation process. Saline storage, in which cells are in an unculturable state by saline stress, is a promising storage process for aerobic granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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29
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Wan C, Yang X, Lee DJ, Liu X, Sun S. Partial nitrification using aerobic granule continuous-flow reactor: Operations and microbial community. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Wan C, Zhang Q, Lee DJ, Wang Y, Li J. Long-term storage of aerobic granules in liquid media: viable but non-culturable status. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 166:464-470. [PMID: 24950091 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Long-term storage and successful reactivation after storage are essential for practical applications of aerobic granules on wastewater treatment. This study cultivated aerobic granules (SI) in sequencing batch reactors and then stored the granules at 4 °C in five liquid media (DI water (SW), acetone (SA), acetone/isoamyl acetate mix (SAA), saline water (SS), and formaldehyde (SF)) for over 1 year. The first four granules were then successfully reactivated in 24h cultivation. The specific oxygen uptake rates (SOUR) of the granules followed SI>SS>SA>SAA>SW>SF; and the corresponding granular strengths (10 min ultrasound) followed SI>SA=SS>SAA>SW>>SF. During storage the granular cells secreted excess quantities of cyclic-diguanylate (c-di-GMP) and pentaphosphate (ppGpp) as responses to the stringent challenges. We proposed that to force cells in granules (Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Sphingobacteria, and Clostridia) entering viable but non-culturable (VBNC) status is the key of success for extended period storage of granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qinlan Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yayi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jieni Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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31
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Wan C, Yang X, Lee DJ, Sun S, Liu X, Zhang P. Influence of hydraulic retention time on partial nitrification of continuous-flow aerobic granular-sludge reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2014; 35:1760-1765. [PMID: 24956768 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.881423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 12 h, 7.2 h and 2.4 h on partial nitrification efficiency of continuous-flow aerobic granular reactors (CFAGRs) with mature aerobic granules (500 +/- 20mg l-1). At HRT 12 h and 7.2h, the removal efficiency of both ammonia-nitrogen (NH4+ - N) and nitrite accumulation rate were exceeding 90%. At HRT 2.4 h, NH4+ - N removal efficiency was reduced but most of the conversion efficiency to nitrite was only slightly reduced. At HRT < 2.4 h, washout of aerobic granules occurred. In all tests conducted herein, the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies exceeded 90%. The clone library results noted the presence of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria belonged to beta-Proteobacteria subclass, including 94% of Nitrosomonas europaea and 6% of Nitrosomonas sp. The polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis results suggested that Alpha proteobacterium, Pseudoxanthomonas mexicana strain, Sphaerotilus natans and Uncultured gamma proteobacterium were responsible for the aerobic granular stability and processing performance. The present CFAGR successfully implemented continuous partial nitrification using aerobic granules at low HRT.
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32
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Rongsayamanont C, Limpiyakorn T, Khan E. Effects of inoculum type and bulk dissolved oxygen concentration on achieving partial nitrification by entrapped-cell-based reactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 164:254-263. [PMID: 24862001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An entrapment of nitrifiers into gel matrix is employed as a tool to fulfill partial nitrification under non-limiting dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in bulk solutions. This study aims to clarify which of these two attributes, inoculum type and DO concentration in bulk solutions, is the decisive factor for partial nitrification in an entrapped-cell based system. Four polyvinyl alcohol entrapped inocula were prepared to have different proportions of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and nitrite-oxidizing activity. At a DO concentration of 3 mg l(-1), the number of active NOB cells in an inoculum was the decisive factor for partial nitrification enhancement. However, when the DO concentration was reduced to 2 mg l(-1), all entrapped cell inocula showed similar degrees of partial nitrification. The results suggested that with the lower bulk DO concentration, the preparation of entrapped cell inocula is not useful as the DO level becomes the decisive factor for achieving partial nitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiwat Rongsayamanont
- International Postgraduate Programs in Environmental Management, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
| | - Tawan Limpiyakorn
- Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
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33
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Yang X, Wang L, Zhang C, Zou W, Tan X, Liu X, Wan C, Wang X. Highly effective in-depth dewatering of excess sludge using methanol. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08628g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In-depth dewatering of excess sludge facilitates cost reduction of wastewater treatment plants, and makes final disposal of sludge more economically feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design General Institute
- Shanghai, China
| | - Weiguo Zou
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design General Institute
- Shanghai, China
| | - Xuejun Tan
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design General Institute
- Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, China
| | - Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Fudan University
- Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - XingZu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chongqing 400714, China
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34
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Qiu G, Ting YP. Osmotic membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment and the effect of salt accumulation on system performance and microbial community dynamics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 150:287-297. [PMID: 24177162 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.09.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An osmotic membrane bioreactor was developed for wastewater treatment. The effects of salt accumulation on system performance and microbial community dynamics were investigated. Evident deterioration of biological activity, especially nitrification, was observed, which resulted in significant accumulation of organic matter and NH4(+)-N within the bioreactor. Arising from the elevation of salinity, almost all the dominant species was taken over by high salt-tolerant species. Significant succession among different species of Nitromonas was observed for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. For nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, Nitrospira was not evidently affected, whereas Nitrobacter was eliminated from the system. Salt accumulation also caused significant shifts in denitrifying bacterial community from α- to γ-Proteobacteria members. Overall, the microbial community adapted to the elevated salinity conditions and brought about a rapid recovery of the biological activity. Membrane fouling occurred but was insignificant. Biofouling and inorganic scaling coexisted, with magnesium/calcium phosphate/carbonate compounds identified as the inorganic foulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglei Qiu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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35
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Wan C, Yang X, Lee DJ, Liu X, Sun S, Chen C. Partial nitrification of wastewaters with high NaCl concentrations by aerobic granules in continuous-flow reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 152:1-6. [PMID: 24269852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Wastewaters with high salinity are yielded that need sufficient treatment. This study applied aerobic granules to conduct partial nitrification reactions for wastewaters with high NaCl concentrations in a continuous-flow reactor. The present granules revealed partial nitrification performances at nitrite accumulation rate >95% and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal at >85% at salt concentration up to 50 g l(-1). High salinity led to compact and tough granules. The granules applied electrogenic ion pump and sodium-calcium exchanger to reduce intracellular Na(+) concentration; generated amino acids as osmoprotectants to resist the high osmotic pressure; produced excess extracellular polysaccharides and proteins with secretion of c-di-GMP; revised microbial community with halophilic strains. The present continuous-flow aerobic granule reactor (CFAGR) is a promising process to convert ammonium in highly saline wastewaters to nitrite, which can be applied with a subsequent Anammox process for efficient nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Supu Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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