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Effects of Lipase and Xylanase Pretreatment on the Structure and Pulping Properties of Wheat Straw. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235129. [PMID: 36501524 PMCID: PMC9735998 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the reduction of environmental pollution, a biological enzyme assisted alkali-oxygen pulping method was explored to improve the delignification efficiency and fiber accessibility of wheat straw and improve the properties of wheat straw pulp. In this paper, lipase and xylanase were used to pretreat wheat straw and the effects of different enzyme types and enzyme dosage on the microstructure and pulp properties of wheat straw were investigated and experimented. The results showed that the lipase can remove fat and wax on the surface of wheat straw, while xylanase degraded the hemicellulose components, such as xylan, of wheat straw fiber, destroyed the structure of the lignin-carbohydrate complex, increasing lignin removal as a result and enhancing the impregnating, diffusion and penetration of alkali. Compared with wheat straw without enzyme pretreatment, the skeleton of wheat straw pretreated by enzyme became looser, the internal cavity appeared and the wall cavity became thin and transparent. The fines decreased obviously and the length of fibers increased. After combined pretreatment with lipase (15 U·g-1) and xylanase (15 U·g-1), the pulping performance of wheat straw was improved and the tensile index (97.37 N·m·g-1), brightness (40.9% ISO) and yield (58.10%) of the pulp increased by 12.9%, 19.9% and 9.9%, respectively. It can be seen that enzyme pretreatment is a green and effective approach to improving the alkali-oxygen pulping performance of wheat straw.
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2
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Reena R, Alphy MP, Reshmy R, Thomas D, Madhavan A, Chaturvedi P, Pugazhendhi A, Awasthi MK, Ruiz H, Kumar V, Sindhu R, Binod P. Sustainable valorization of sugarcane residues: Efficient deconstruction strategies for fuels and chemicals production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127759. [PMID: 35961508 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The global climate crisis and the ongoing increase in fossil-based fuels have led to an alternative solution of using biomass for fuel production. Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is an agricultural residue with a global production of more than 100 million metric tons and it has various applications in a biorefinery concept. This review brings forth the composition, life cycle assessment, and various pretreatments for the deconstruction techniques of SCB for the production of valuable products. The ongoing research in the production of biofuels, biogas, and electricity utilizing the bagasse was elucidated. SCB is used in the production of carboxymethyl cellulose, pigment, lactic acid, levulinic acid, and xylooligosaccharides and it has prospective in meeting the demand for global energy and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rooben Reena
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Maria Paul Alphy
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - R Reshmy
- Department of Science and Humanities, Providence College of Engineering, Chengannur 689 122, Kerala, India
| | - Deepa Thomas
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara 690 110, Kerala, India
| | - Aravind Madhavan
- Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Jagathy, Thiruvananthapuram 695 014, Kerala, India; School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Preeti Chaturvedi
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR Indian Institute for Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), 31 MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Innovative Green Product Synthesis and Renewable Environment Development Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712 100, China
| | - Hector Ruiz
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Autonomous University of Coahuila, Saltillo, Coahuila 25280, Mexico
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Fermentation Technology Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR-IIIM), Jammu-180001, J & K, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, T K M Institute of Technology, Kollam-691505, Kerala, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
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3
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Chaudhary R, Kaushal J, Singh G, Kaur A, Arya SK. Melioration of enzymatic ethanol production from alkali pre-treated paddy straw promoted by addition of surfactant. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2022.2055469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rimple Chaudhary
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jyoti Kaushal
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gursharan Singh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Anupreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Shailendra Kumar Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Engineering Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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4
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Cui JY, Zhang N, Jiang JC. Effects of Microwave-Assisted Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment on Chemical Composition and Structure of Moso Bamboo. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 9:821982. [PMID: 35198552 PMCID: PMC8859409 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.821982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of microwave assisted liquid hot water (MA-LHW) pretreatment on the chemical composition of Moso bamboo were investigated, and the fiber structure of pretreated residues were studied. The results showed that MA-LHW pretreatment had high selectivity for the degradation of hemicellulose in Moso bamboo, and the extracted hemicellulose could be used to prepare xylooligosaccharide through enzyme depolymerization. The degradation rates of cellulose and lignin after MA-LHW pretreatment were only 14.73% and 7.18%, which were significantly lower than those of LHW pretreatment; 155.0 mg/g xylobiose and 61.0 mg/g xylotrisoe can be obtained after enzymatic hydrolysis, and the yield of xylo-oligosaccharide reached 80.59% of the theoretical conversion rate. MA-LHW pretreatment increased the removal of hemicellulose, lignin, and other non-crystalline parts in bamboo materials, and more cellulose with crystalline structure was retained, which increased the CrI value of Moso bamboo by 14.84%. FTIR spectra showed that the characteristic peak intensity of hemicellulose was significantly reduced after MA-LHW pretreatment, which confirmed the selective degradation of hemicellulose by MA-LAW pretreatment. Moreover, MA-LHW pretreatment also destroyed O-H, C-H, C-O-C, and β-glucoside bonds in Moso bamboo fiber, caused by the recombination and synthesis of some groups (-CH2 and C=O) of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin destroyed under pretreatment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Yu Cui
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Zhang, ; Jian-Chun Jiang,
| | - Jian-Chun Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Ning Zhang, ; Jian-Chun Jiang,
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5
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Kazeem MO, Uthman-Saheed L, Oke MA. Impact of pretreatment severity on fungal cellulase production on sugarcane bagasse substrate. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2021.1981802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muinat Olanike Kazeem
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Lateefah Uthman-Saheed
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Mushafau Adebayo Oke
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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6
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Ajala EO, Ighalo JO, Ajala MA, Adeniyi AG, Ayanshola AM. Sugarcane bagasse: a biomass sufficiently applied for improving global energy, environment and economic sustainability. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2021; 8:87. [PMID: 38650274 PMCID: PMC10991612 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-021-00440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse (SCB) is a biomass of agricultural waste obtained from sugarcane processing that has been found in abundance globally. Due to its abundance in nature, researchers have been harnessing this biomass for numerous applications such as in energy and environmental sustainability. However, before it could be optimally utilised, it has to be pre-treated using available methods. Different pre-treatment methods were reviewed for SCB, both alkaline and alkali-acid process reveal efficient and successful approaches for obtaining higher glucose production from hydrolysis. Procedures for hydrolysis were evaluated, and results indicate that pre-treated SCB was susceptible to acid and enzymatic hydrolysis as > 80% glucose yield was obtained in both cases. The SCB could achieve a bio-ethanol (a biofuel) yield of > 0.2 g/g at optimal conditions and xylitol (a bio-product) yield at > 0.4 g/g in most cases. Thermochemical processing of SCB also gave excellent biofuel yields. The plethora of products obtained in this regard have been catalogued and elucidated extensively. As found in this study, the SCB could be used in diverse applications such as adsorbent, ion exchange resin, briquettes, ceramics, concrete, cement and polymer composites. Consequently, the SCB is a biomass with great potential to meet global energy demand and encourage environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Ajala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
- Unilorin Sugar Research Institute, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
| | - J O Ighalo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - M A Ajala
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - A G Adeniyi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - A M Ayanshola
- Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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7
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Hamann PRV, de M B Silva L, Gomes TC, Noronha EF. Assembling mini-xylanosomes with Clostridium thermocellum XynA, and their properties in lignocellulose deconstruction. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 150:109887. [PMID: 34489040 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulose is a prominent source of carbohydrates to be used in biorefineries. One of the main challenges associated with its use is the low yields obtained during enzymatic hydrolysis, as well as the high cost associate with enzyme acquisition. Despite the great attention in using the fraction composed by hexoses, nowadays, there is a growing interest in enzymatic blends to deconstruct the pentose-rich fraction. Among the organisms studied as a source of enzymes to lignocellulose deconstruction, the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium thermocellum stands out. Most of the remarkable performance of C. thermocellum in degrading cellulose is related to its capacity to assemble enzymes into well-organized enzymatic complexes, cellulosomes. A mini-version of a cellulosome was designed in the present study, using the xylanase XynA and the N-terminus portion of scaffolding protein, mCipA, harboring one CBM3 and two cohesin I domains. The formed mini-xylanosome displayed maximum activity between 60 and 70 °C in a pH range from 6 to 8. Although biochemical properties of complexed/non-complexed enzymes were similar, the formed xylanosome displayed higher hydrolysis at 60 and 70 °C for alkali-treated sugarcane bagasse. Lignocellulose deconstruction using fungal secretome and the mini-xylanosome resulted in higher d-glucose yield, and the addition of the mCipA scaffolding protein enhanced cellulose deconstruction when coupled with fungal enzymes. Results obtained in this study demonstrated that the assembling of xylanases into mini-xylanosomes could improve sugarcane deconstruction, and the mCipA protein can work as a cellulose degradation enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro R V Hamann
- University of Brasilia, Cell Biology Department, Enzymology Laboratory, Brazil.
| | - Luísa de M B Silva
- University of Brasilia, Cell Biology Department, Enzymology Laboratory, Brazil
| | - Tainah C Gomes
- University of Brasilia, Cell Biology Department, Enzymology Laboratory, Brazil
| | - Eliane F Noronha
- University of Brasilia, Cell Biology Department, Enzymology Laboratory, Brazil.
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8
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Kostryukov SG, Petrov PS, Kalyazin VA, Masterova YY, Tezikova VS, Khluchina NA, Labzina LY, Alalvan DK. Determination of Lignin Content in Plant Materials Using Solid-State 13C NMR Spectroscopy. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090421050067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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9
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Alokika, Anu, Kumar A, Kumar V, Singh B. Cellulosic and hemicellulosic fractions of sugarcane bagasse: Potential, challenges and future perspective. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 169:564-582. [PMID: 33385447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse is a rich source of cellulose (32-45%), hemicellulose (20-32%) and lignin (17-32%), 1.0-9.0% ash and some extractives. Huge amount of the generation of sugarcane bagasse has been a great challenge to industries and environment at global level for many years. Though cellulosic and hemicellulosic fractions in bagasse makes it a potential raw substrate for the production of value-added products at large scale, the presence of lignin hampers its saccharification which further leads to low yields of the value-added products. Therefore, an appropriate pretreatment strategy is of utmost importance that effectively solubilizes the lignin that exposes cellulose and hemicellulose for enzymatic action. Pretreatment also reduces the biomass recalcitrance i.e., cellulose crystallinity, structural complexity of cell wall and lignification for its effective utilization in biorefinery. Sugarcane bagasse served as nutrient medium for the cultivation of diverse microorganisms for the production of industrially important metabolites including enzymes, reducing sugars, prebiotic, organic acids and biofuels. Sugarcane bagasse has been utilized in the generation of electricity, syngas and as biosorbant in the bioremediation of heavy metals. Furthermore, the ash generated from bagasse is an excellent source for the synthesis of high strength and light weight bricks and tiles. Present review describes the utility of sugarcane bagasse as sustainable and renewable lignocellulosic substrate for the production of industrially important multifarious value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alokika
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Anu
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Botany, Pt. N.R.S. Govt. College, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Laboratory of Bioprocess Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India; Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India.
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10
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Hoşgün EZ, Biran Ay S, Bozan B. Effect of sequential pretreatment combinations on the composition and enzymatic hydrolysis of hazelnut shells. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 51:570-579. [PMID: 33103953 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2020.1836657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hazelnut shells, a high lignin containing biomass, were subjected to individual and sequential liquid hot water (LHW), alkaline (AP) and dilute acid pretreatments (DAP). Among the single pretreatments, LHW demonstrated the highest cellulose recovery of 98.1%, DAP resulted in the highest hemicellulose solubilization of 56.0%, and AP of the highest lignin removal of 49.6%. Employing two-step pretreatment on hazelnut shells, in general, demonstrated an enhanced action of the second pretreatment; therefore, the sequence of the pretreatment methods had a significant impact on both substrate characteristics and enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of biomass. In terms of delignification, AP-LHW achieved 60.7% lignin removal, while LHW-DAP showed the highest hemicellulose removal of 93.8% and DAP-LHW resulted in the highest cellulose recovery of 94.0%. Structural properties of raw and pretreated hazelnut shells were observed by FTIR. The maximum glucose recovery of 54.9% was observed in DAP-LHW pretreated samples. For this pretreatment combination, almost 1.8 MJ total energy was required to recover 10.2 g glucose. The findings indicated that complete removal of the physical barrier of lignin and hemicellulose might not be essential; partial relocation of lignin and alteration of cellulose structure may also be efficient in increasing the sugar recovery from the lignocellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir Zafer Hoşgün
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Suzan Biran Ay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Berrin Bozan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Eskişehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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11
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Mohit H, Selvan VAM. Effect of a Novel Chemical Treatment on the Physico-Thermal Properties of Sugarcane Nanocellulose Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Nanocomposites. INT POLYM PROC 2020. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the present investigation, a novel chemical treatment was introduced for the extraction of nanocellulose fibers from sugarcane bagasse and applied as reinforcement material to enhance the physical properties and thermal stability of epoxy nanocomposites. Epoxy nanocomposites with different weight fractions were fabricated using a wet layup process followed by furnace heating to remove the residual moisture content. The influence of surface modified sugarcane nanocellulose fiber loading on morphological (transmission electron microscope) properties of epoxy nanocomposites was investigated. The porosity and water absorption increase with the increment in fiber weight fraction for both treated and untreated nanocellulose fiber-epoxy composites. Among the various treatment processes, the alkali-treated fibers reinforced epoxy composites showed better thermal stability and water absorption resistance under 10 wt.% of nanocellulose fiber reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Mohit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , National Institute of Technology, Tamilnadu , India
| | - V. Arul Mozhi Selvan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , National Institute of Technology, Tamilnadu , India
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12
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Gomes MG, dos Santos RV, Barreto EDS, Baffi MA, Gurgel LVA, Baêta BEL, Pasquini D. Pretreated Sugarcane Bagasse with Citric Acid Applied in Enzymatic Hydrolysis. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2019.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Garcia Gomes
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Chemistry Institute, Campus Santa Mônica, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Renata Vidal dos Santos
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Chemistry Institute, Campus Santa Mônica, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Elisa da Silva Barreto
- Federal University of Viçosa, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Milla Alves Baffi
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Agricultural Sciences Institute, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Eduardo Lobo Baêta
- Federal University of Ouro Preto, Institute of Biological and Exact Sciences, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pasquini
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Chemistry Institute, Campus Santa Mônica, Uberlândia, Brazil
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13
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Zoghlami A, Paës G. Lignocellulosic Biomass: Understanding Recalcitrance and Predicting Hydrolysis. Front Chem 2019; 7:874. [PMID: 31921787 PMCID: PMC6930145 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass (LB) is an abundant and renewable resource from plants mainly composed of polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicelluloses) and an aromatic polymer (lignin). LB has a high potential as an alternative to fossil resources to produce second-generation biofuels and biosourced chemicals and materials without compromising global food security. One of the major limitations to LB valorisation is its recalcitrance to enzymatic hydrolysis caused by the heterogeneous multi-scale structure of plant cell walls. Factors affecting LB recalcitrance are strongly interconnected and difficult to dissociate. They can be divided into structural factors (cellulose specific surface area, cellulose crystallinity, degree of polymerization, pore size and volume) and chemical factors (composition and content in lignin, hemicelluloses, acetyl groups). Goal of this review is to propose an up-to-date survey of the relative impact of chemical and structural factors on biomass recalcitrance and of the most advanced techniques to evaluate these factors. Also, recent spectral and water-related measurements accurately predicting hydrolysis are presented. Overall, combination of relevant factors and specific measurements gathering simultaneously structural and chemical information should help to develop robust and efficient LB conversion processes into bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Zoghlami
- FARE Laboratory, INRAE, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Gabriel Paës
- FARE Laboratory, INRAE, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
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14
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Xu Q, Yang W, Liu G, Liang C, Lu S, Qi Z, Hu J, Wang Q, Qi W. Enhanced Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Corncob by Synthesized Enzyme-Mimetic Magnetic Solid Acid Pretreatment in an Aqueous Phase. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:17864-17873. [PMID: 31681895 PMCID: PMC6822201 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel magnetic carbon-based solid acid catalyst (C350-Cl) was synthesized through a simple impregnation-carbonization process and used for the pretreatment of corncob in an aqueous medium. Under the optimized pretreatment reaction conditions, the yield of pentose reached 91.6% with a hemicellulose removal rate of 91.7%, and the subsequent enzymatic digestibility of the pretreated corncob residue reached 90.0% at 48 h. C350-Cl is a magnetic enzyme-mimetic solid acid catalyst, and its catalytic behavior is similar to those of enzymes. In addition, the catalyst is also an excellent carrier for Fe and Cl in that the Fe3+ and Cl-can be released slowly in the pretreatment to assist the hydrolysis of lignocellulose. Compared with the traditional method with other catalysts, this hydrolysis process is suitable for the effective and sustainable saccharification of lignocellulose for producing fermentable sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xu
- Shenzhen
Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
- School
of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Guangdong
Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Shenzhen
Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518108, China
- Guangzhou
Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School
of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Guangdong
Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Guifeng Liu
- Guangzhou
Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Cuiyi Liang
- Guangzhou
Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Si Lu
- Guangzhou
Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qi
- Guangzhou
Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jinke Hu
- Guangzhou
Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Guangzhou
Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Guangzhou
Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong
Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
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15
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Zhou Y, Qu K, Zhang L, Luo X, Liao B. Green fabrication of biodegradable cork membrane for switchable separation of oil/water mixtures. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2019.1679641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbiao Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University , Pingdingshan , China
| | - Kaige Qu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University , Pingdingshan , China
| | - Lihui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University , Pingdingshan , China
| | - Xiaoqiang Luo
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University , Pingdingshan , China
| | - Binghua Liao
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University , Pingdingshan , China
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16
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Althuri A, Venkata Mohan S. Single pot bioprocessing for ethanol production from biogenic municipal solid waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 283:159-167. [PMID: 30903822 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Burgeoning global energy demand and rapid diminution of fossil fuel reserves urged to seek for a sustainable energy source like bioethanol. Single pot bioprocessing (SPB) strategy employing in-house laccase, cellulase plus xylanase and amylase along with hexose and pentose sugar fermenting yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia stipitis) is designed in this study for ethanol production from biogenic municipal solid waste (BMSW). BMSW when subjected to simultaneous pretreatment and saccharification (SPS) resulted in 79.69% enzymatic digestibility and fared better compared to alkali pretreated counterparts (14.03%-51.10%). The maximum total sugar release in case of SPS was 146.9 g/L in 24 h. The maximum ethanol concentration of 5.24% (v/v) in 30 h was obtained from SPB of BMSW at 25% (w/v) solid loading. SPB for ethanol production from BMSW is an interesting and effective alternative to MSW going to landfill or incineration with an added perk of waste to wealth conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanthi Althuri
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, CEEFF, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - S Venkata Mohan
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences Lab, CEEFF, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
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17
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Genomically Defined Paenibacillus polymyxa ND24 for Efficient Cellulase Production Utilizing Sugarcane Bagasse as a Substrate. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 187:266-281. [PMID: 29926286 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2820-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellulolytic bacteria from cattle rumen with ability to hydrolyze cellulose rich biomass were explored. The study selected Paenibacillus polymyxa ND24 from 847 isolates as the most potent strain, which can efficiently produce cellulase by utilizing sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, corn starch, CMC, and avicel as a sole carbon source. On annotation of P. polymyxa ND24 genome, 116 members of glycoside hydrolase (GH) family from CAZy clusters were identified and the presence of 10 potential cellulases was validated using protein folding information. Cellulase production was further demonstrated at lab-scale 5-L bioreactor exhibiting maximum endoglucanase activity up to 0.72 U/mL when cultivated in the medium containing bagasse (2% w/v) after 72 h. The bagasse hydrolysate so produced was further utilized for efficient biogas production. The presence of diverse hydrolytic enzymes and formidable cellulase activity supports the use of P. polymyxa ND24 for cost-effective bioprocessing of cellulosic biomass.
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18
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Di Marco E, Soraire PM, Romero CM, Villegas LB, Martínez MA. Raw sugarcane bagasse as carbon source for xylanase production by Paenibacillus species: a potential degrader of agricultural wastes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:19057-19067. [PMID: 28660507 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9494-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Paenibacillus species isolated from a variety of natural sources have shown to be important glycoside hydrolases producers. These enzymes play a key role in bio-refining applications, as they are central biocatalysts for the processing of different types of polymers from vegetal biomass. Xylanase production by three native isolates belonging to the genus Paenibacillus was approached by utilizing mineral-based medium and agricultural by-products as a convenient source to produce biocatalysts suitable for their degradation. While varieties of alkali pretreated sugarcane bagasse were useful substrates for the strains from Paenibacillus genus evaluated, raw sugarcane bagasse was the most effective substrate for endoxylanase production by Paenibacillus sp. AR247. This strain was then selected to further improvement of its enzyme production by means of a two-step statistical approach. It was determined that the carbon source, provided as an inexpensive agro-waste, as well as phosphate and magnesium were the culture media components that most influenced the enzyme production, which was improved three times compared to the screening results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzo Di Marco
- PROIMI (Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos), CONICET, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Pablo M Soraire
- PROIMI (Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos), CONICET, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Cintia M Romero
- PROIMI (Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos), CONICET, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Liliana B Villegas
- INQUISAL (Instituto de Química San Luis), CONICET - Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra Martínez
- PROIMI (Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos), CONICET, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
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19
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A techno-economic comparison of Fischer–Tropsch and fast pyrolysis as ways of utilizing sugar cane bagasse in transportation fuels production. Chem Eng Res Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Michailos S, Parker D, Webb C. Comparative Analysis of Synthetic Natural Gas versus Hydrogen Production from Bagasse. Chem Eng Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201600424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Michailos
- The University of Manchester; School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester United Kingdom
| | - David Parker
- University of Exeter; School of Biosciences; Stocker Road EX4 4QD Exeter United Kingdom
| | - Colin Webb
- The University of Manchester; School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science; Oxford Road M13 9PL Manchester United Kingdom
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21
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Fonseca-Maldonado R, Meleiro LP, Mendes LFS, Alves LF, Carli S, Morero LD, Basso LGM, Costa-Filho AJ, Ward RJ. Lignocellulose binding of a Cel5A-RtCBM11 chimera with enhanced β-glucanase activity monitored by electron paramagnetic resonance. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:269. [PMID: 29163671 PMCID: PMC5686792 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0964-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Bacillus subtilis endo-β-1,4-glucanase (BsCel5A) hydrolyzes β-1,3-1,4-linked glucan, and the enzyme includes a family 3 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM3) that binds β-1,4-linked glucan. METHODS Here we investigate the BsCel5A β-1,3-1,4 glucanase activity after exchanging the CBM3 domain for the family 11 CBM from Ruminiclostridium thermocellum celH (RtCBM11) having β-1,3-1,4 glucan affinity. RESULTS The BsCel5A-RtCBM11 presents a 50.4% increase in Vmax, a 10% reduction in K0.5, and a 2.1-fold increase in catalytic efficiency. Enzyme mobility and binding to barley β-1,3-1,4 glucan and pre-treated sugarcane bagasse were investigated using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) with Site-Directed Spin Labeling (SDSL) of the binding site regions of the CBM3 and RtCBM11 domains in the BsCel5A-CBM3 and BsCel5A-RtCBM11, respectively. Although higher mobility than the RtCBM11 was shown, no interaction of the spin-labeled CBM3 with β-1,3-1,4 glucan was observed. In contrast, a Ka value of 0.22 mg/mL was estimated from titration of the BsCel5A-RtCBM11 with β-1,3-1,4 glucan. Enzyme binding as inferred from altered EPR spectra of the BsCel5A-RtCBM11 was observed only after xylan or lignin extraction from sugarcane bagasse. Binding to xylan- or lignin-free lignocellulose was correlated with a 4.5- to 5-fold increase in total reducing sugar release as compared to the milled intact sugarcane bagasse, suggesting that xylan impedes enzyme access to the β-1,3-1,4 glucan. CONCLUSIONS These results show that the non-specific binding of the BsCel5A-RtCBM11 to the lignin component of the cell wall is minimal, and represent the first reported use of EPR to directly study the interaction of glycoside hydrolyse enzymes with natural insoluble substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fonseca-Maldonado
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
- Departamento de Gestão, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo/IFSP Campus Jacareí, Jacareí, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Luana P. Meleiro
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Luís F. S. Mendes
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Luana F. Alves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sibeli Carli
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Lucas D. Morero
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Luis G. M. Basso
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Antonio J. Costa-Filho
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
| | - Richard J. Ward
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo Brazil
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22
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Liu ZJ, Lan TQ, Li H, Gao X, Zhang H. Effect of bisulfite treatment on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 223:27-33. [PMID: 27771527 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose (SPORL) on composition, structure, enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulase adsorption profiles of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was investigated. SPORL gave a higher SCB hydrolysis yield (85.33%) compared to dilute acid pretreatment (DA) (64.39%). The SEM pictures showed that SPORL SCB structure became more disordered and looser, suggesting SPORL SCB was more accessible to cellulase. The zeta potential of SPORL SCB suspension (-21.89mV) was significantly different from that of DA SCB (-12.87mV), which demonstrated the lignin in SPORL SCB was more hydrophilic. With regard to cellulase adsorption profiles, SPORL SCB had a lower non-productive adsorption (14.87mg/glignin) and a higher productive adsorption (37.67 mg/gcarbohydrate) compared with DA SCB (17.05mg/glignin; 25.79mg/gcarbohydrate). These results indicated that SPORL SCB had better accessibility to cellulase and the higher productive cellulase adsorption of SPORL SCB had improved hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Liu
- Institute of Yunnan Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Rd., Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - T Q Lan
- Institute of Yunnan Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Rd., Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - H Li
- Institute of Yunnan Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Rd., Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - X Gao
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Rd., Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
| | - H Zhang
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 South Jingming Rd., Chenggong District, Kunming 650500, China
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23
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Cai D, Li P, Chen C, Wang Y, Hu S, Cui C, Qin P, Tan T. Effect of chemical pretreatments on corn stalk bagasse as immobilizing carrier of Clostridium acetobutylicum in the performance of a fermentation-pervaporation coupled system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 220:68-75. [PMID: 27566514 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, different pretreatment methods were evaluated for modified the corn stalk bagasse and further used the pretreated bagasse as immobilized carrier in acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation process. Structural changes of the bagasses pretreated by different methods were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared, crystallinity index and scanning pictures by electron microscope. And the performances of batch fermentation using the corn stalk based carriers were evaluated. Results indicated that the highest ABE concentration of 23.86g/L was achieved using NaOH pretreated carrier in batch fermentation. Immobilized fermentation-pervaporation integration process was further carried out. The integration process showed long-term stability with 225-394g/L of ABE solvents on the permeate side of pervaporation membrane. This novel integration process was found to be an efficient method for biobutanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Cai
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Changjing Chen
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Song Hu
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Caixia Cui
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Peiyong Qin
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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24
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Wang W, Wang Q, Tan X, Qi W, Yu Q, Zhou G, Zhuang X, Yuan Z. High conversion of sugarcane bagasse into monosaccharides based on sodium hydroxide pretreatment at low water consumption and wastewater generation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 218:1230-1236. [PMID: 27474958 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The generation of a great quantity of black liquor (BL) and waste wash water (WWW) has been key problems of the alkaline pretreatment. This work tried to build a sustainable way to recycle the BL for pretreating sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and the WWW for washing the residual solid (RS) of alkali-treated SCB which would be subsequently hydrolysed and fermented. The enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of the washed RS decreased with the recycling times of BL and WWW increasing. Tween80 at the loading of 0.25% (V/V) could notably improve the enzymatic hydrolysis and had no negative impact on the downstream fermentation. Compared with the non-recycling and BL recycling ways based on alkaline pretreatment, the BL-WWW recycling way could not only maintain high conversion of carbohydrate into monosaccharides and save alkali amount of 45.5%, but also save more than 80% water and generate less than 15% waste water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuesong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guixiong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinshu Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhenhong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomass Energy, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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25
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Yang H, Wei H, Ma G, Antunes MS, Vogt S, Cox J, Zhang X, Liu X, Bu L, Gleber SC, Carpita NC, Makowski L, Himmel ME, Tucker MP, McCann MC, Murphy AS, Peer WA. Cell wall targeted in planta iron accumulation enhances biomass conversion and seed iron concentration in Arabidopsis and rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:1998-2009. [PMID: 26929151 PMCID: PMC5043494 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of nongrain biomass into liquid fuel is a sustainable approach to energy demands as global population increases. Previously, we showed that iron can act as a catalyst to enhance the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production. However, direct addition of iron catalysts to biomass pretreatment is diffusion-limited, would increase the cost and complexity of biorefinery unit operations and may have deleterious environmental impacts. Here, we show a new strategy for in planta accumulation of iron throughout the volume of the cell wall where iron acts as a catalyst in the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass. We engineered CBM-IBP fusion polypeptides composed of a carbohydrate-binding module family 11 (CBM11) and an iron-binding peptide (IBP) for secretion into Arabidopsis and rice cell walls. CBM-IBP transformed Arabidopsis and rice plants show significant increases in iron accumulation and biomass conversion compared to respective controls. Further, CBM-IBP rice shows a 35% increase in seed iron concentration and a 40% increase in seed yield in greenhouse experiments. CBM-IBP rice potentially could be used to address iron deficiency, the most common and widespread nutritional disorder according to the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Yang
- Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion Of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hui Wei
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Guojie Ma
- Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion Of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Mauricio S Antunes
- Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion Of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Stefan Vogt
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Joseph Cox
- Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion Of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xiping Liu
- Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion Of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lintao Bu
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - S Charlotte Gleber
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas C Carpita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lee Makowski
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael E Himmel
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Melvin P Tucker
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Maureen C McCann
- Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion Of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Angus S Murphy
- Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion Of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Wendy A Peer
- Center for Direct Catalytic Conversion Of Biomass to Biofuels (C3Bio), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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26
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Bi S, Peng L, Chen K, Zhu Z. Enhanced enzymatic saccharification of sugarcane bagasse pretreated by combining O2 and NaOH. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 214:692-699. [PMID: 27208740 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse pretreated by combining O2 and NaOH with different variables was conducted to improve its enzymatic digestibility and sugar recovery, and the results were compared with sole NaOH pretreatment. Lignin removal for O2-NaOH pretreatment was around 10% higher than that for sole NaOH pretreatment under the same conditions, and O2-NaOH pretreatment resulted in higher glucan recovery in the solid remain. Subsequently, O2-NaOH pretreated sugarcane bagasse presented more efficient enzymatic digestibility than sole NaOH pretreatment. Under the moderate pretreatment conditions of combining 1% NaOH and 0.5MPa O2 at 80°C for 120min, a high glucan conversion of 95% was achieved after 48h enzymatic hydrolysis. Coupled with the operations of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, an admirable total sugar recovery of 89% (glucose recovery of 93% and xylose recovery of 84%) was obtained. The susceptibility of the substrates to enzymatic digestibility was explained by their physical and chemical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaizhu Bi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Lincai Peng
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China.
| | - Keli Chen
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhengliang Zhu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
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27
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Zhang J, Zang L. Enhancement of biohydrogen production from brewers' spent grain by calcined-red mud pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 209:73-79. [PMID: 26950758 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigated the utilization of calcined-red mud (CRM) pretreatment to enhance fermentative hydrogen yields from brewers' spent grain (BSG). The BSG samples were treated with different concentrations (0.0-20g/L) of CRM at 55°C for 48h, before the biohydrogen process with heat-treated anaerobic sludge inoculum. The highest specific hydrogen production of 198.62ml/g-VS was obtained from the BSG treated with 10g/L CRM, with the corresponding lag time of 10.60h. Hydrogen yield increments increased by 67.74%, compared to the control tests without CRM. The results demonstrated that the CRM could hydrolyze more cellulose and further provided adequate broth and suitable pH value for efficient fermentative hydrogen. The model-based analysis showed that the modified Gompertz model presented a better fit for the experimental data than the first-order model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Industrial Wastes Recycling and Resourcization in Universities of Shandong, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Lihua Zang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Industrial Wastes Recycling and Resourcization in Universities of Shandong, Jinan 250353, China
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Zhao S, Wei H, Lin CY, Zeng Y, Tucker MP, Himmel ME, Ding SY. Burkholderia phytofirmans Inoculation-Induced Changes on the Shoot Cell Anatomy and Iron Accumulation Reveal Novel Components of Arabidopsis-Endophyte Interaction that Can Benefit Downstream Biomass Deconstruction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:24. [PMID: 26858740 PMCID: PMC4731519 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is known that plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) elicit positive effects on plant growth and biomass yield. However, the actual mechanism behind the plant-PGPB interaction is poorly understood, and the literature is scarce regarding the thermochemical pretreatability and enzymatic degradability of biomass derived from PGPB-inoculated plants. Most recent transcriptional analyses of PGPB strain Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN inoculating potato in literature and Arabidopsis in our present study have revealed the expression of genes for ferritin and the biosynthesis and transport of siderophores (i.e., the molecules with high affinity for iron), respectively. The expression of such genes in the shoots of PsJN-inoculated plants prompted us to propose that PsJN-inoculation can improve the host plant's iron uptake and accumulation, which facilitates the downstream plant biomass pretreatment and conversion to simple sugars. In this study, we employed B. phytofirmans PsJN to inoculate the Arabidopsis thaliana plants, and conducted the first investigation for its effects on the biomass yield, the anatomical organization of stems, the iron accumulation, and the pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of harvested biomass. The results showed that the strain PsJN stimulated plant growth in the earlier period of plant development and enlarged the cell size of stem piths, and it also indeed enhanced the essential metals uptake and accumulation in host plants. Moreover, we found that the PsJN-inoculated plant biomass released more glucose and xylose after hot water pretreatment and subsequent co-saccharification, which provided a novel insight into development of lignocellulosic biofuels from renewable biomass resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhao
- Bioscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO, USA
| | - Hui Wei
- Bioscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO, USA
| | - Chien-Yuan Lin
- Bioscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO, USA
| | - Yining Zeng
- Bioscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO, USA
| | - Melvin P Tucker
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO, USA
| | - Michael E Himmel
- Bioscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO, USA
| | - Shi-You Ding
- Bioscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO, USA
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Wang W, Zhuang X, Yuan Z, Yu Q, Qi W. Investigation of the pellets produced from sugarcane bagasse during liquid hot water pretreatment and their impact on the enzymatic hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 190:7-12. [PMID: 25916262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the process of liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment, there are numbers of pellets formed on the lignocellulosic surface. The characteristics and effect of pellets on the enzymatic hydrolysis of LHW-treated sugarcane bagasse (SCB) were investigated. After SCB was treated with LHW at 180°C, the pellets deposited on the surface of solid residues were extracted gently with 1% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. They were composed of 81.0% lignin, 7.0% glucan, and 3.2% xylan. The LHW pretreatment solution (PS) was sprayed to the filter paper, and the pellets were observed on its surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data showed that lignin was also the main component of the PS pellets. The effect of the pellets on enzymatic hydrolysis was chiefly attributed to the steric hindrance, not the cellulase adsorption. The structural characteristics of LHW-treated SCB might play a more important role in influencing the enzymatic hydrolysis than the pellets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xinshu Zhuang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhenhong Yuan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Qiang Yu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wei Qi
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Ye XK, Chen Y. Kinetics study of enzymatic hydrolysis of Paulownia by dilute acid, alkali, and ultrasonic-assisted alkali pretreatments. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-014-0490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zakaria MR, Hirata S, Hassan MA. Combined pretreatment using alkaline hydrothermal and ball milling to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of oil palm mesocarp fiber. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 169:236-243. [PMID: 25058299 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal pretreatment of oil palm mesocarp fiber was conducted in tube reactor at treatment severity ranges of log Ro = 3.66-4.83 and partial removal of hemicellulose with migration of lignin was obtained. Concerning maximal recovery of glucose and xylose, 1.5% NaOH was impregnated in the system and subsequent ball milling treatment was employed to improve the conversion yield. The effects of combined hydrothermal and ball milling pretreatments were evaluated by chemical composition changes by using FT-IR, WAXD and morphological alterations by SEM. The successful of pretreatments were assessed by the degree of enzymatic digestibility of treated samples. The highest xylose and glucose yields obtained were 63.2% and 97.3% respectively at cellulase loadings of 10 FPU/g-substrate which is the highest conversion from OPMF ever reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Rafein Zakaria
- Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan; Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Satoshi Hirata
- Biomass Refinery Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 3-11-32 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Mohd Ali Hassan
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Gao Y, Xu J, Yuan Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liang C. Optimization of fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis from alkali-pretreated sugarcane bagasse for high-concentration sugar production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 167:41-45. [PMID: 24968110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis process from alkali-pretreated sugarcane bagasse was investigated to increase solids loading, produce high-concentration fermentable sugar and finally to reduce the cost of the production process. The optimal initial solids loading, feeding time and quantities were examined. The hydrolysis system was initiated with 12% (w/v) solids loading in flasks, where 7% fresh solids were fed consecutively at 6h, 12h, 24h to get a final solids loading of 33%. All the requested cellulase loading (10 FPU/g substrate) was added completely at the beginning of hydrolysis reaction. After 120 h of hydrolysis, the maximal concentrations of cellobiose, glucose and xylose obtained were 9.376 g/L, 129.50 g/L, 56.03 g/L, respectively. The final total glucan conversion rate attained to 60% from this fed-batch process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueshu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jingliang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Zhenhong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Cuiyi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
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Sun S, Cao X, Sun S, Xu F, Song X, Sun RC, Jones GL. Improving the enzymatic hydrolysis of thermo-mechanical fiber from Eucalyptus urophylla by a combination of hydrothermal pretreatment and alkali fractionation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:116. [PMID: 25184000 PMCID: PMC4145232 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass is a major limitation for its conversion into biofuels by enzymatic hydrolysis. The use of a pretreatment technology is an essential step to diminish biomass recalcitrance for bioethanol production. In this study, a two-step pretreatment using hydrothermal pretreatment at various temperatures and alkali fractionation was performed on eucalyptus fiber. The detailed chemical composition, physicochemical characteristics, and morphology of the pretreated fibers in each of the fractions were evaluated to advance the performance of eucalyptus fiber in enzymatic digestibility. RESULTS The hydrothermal pretreatment (100 to 220°C) significantly degraded hemicelluloses, resulting in an increased crystallinity of the pretreated fibers. However, as the pretreatment temperature reached 240°C, partial cellulose was degraded, resulting in a reduced crystallinity of cellulose. As compared to the hydrothermal pretreatment alone, a combination of hydrothermal and alkali treatments significantly removed hemicelluloses and lignin, resulting in an improved enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose-rich fractions. As compared with the raw fiber, the enzymatic hydrolysis rate increased 1.1 to 8.5 times as the hydrothermal pretreatment temperature increased from 100 to 240°C. Interestingly, after a combination of hydrothermal pretreatment and alkali fractionation, the enzymatic hydrolysis rate increased 3.7 to 9.2 times. Taking into consideration the consumption of energy and the production of xylo-oligosaccharides and lignin, an optimum pretreatment condition was found to be hydrothermal pretreatment at 180°C for 30 min and alkali fractionation with 2% NaOH at 90°C for 2.5 h, in which 66.3% cellulose was converted into glucose by enzymatic hydrolysis. CONCLUSIONS The combination of hydrothermal pretreatment and alkali fractionation was a promising method to remove hemicelluloses and lignin as well as overcome the biomass recalcitrance for enzymatic hydrolysis from eucalyptus fiber. In addition, the various techniques applied in this work constituted an efficient approach to understand the underlying chemical and morphological changes of the cellulose-rich fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoni Sun
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xuefei Cao
- />State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Shaolong Sun
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Feng Xu
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xianliang Song
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- />Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083 China
- />State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Gwynn Lloyd Jones
- />School of Natural Science, University of Wales, Gwynedd, Bangor, LL57 2UW Wales UK
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Wu B, Zhang B, Dai Y, Zhang L, Shang-Guan K, Peng Y, Zhou Y, Zhu Z. Brittle culm15 encodes a membrane-associated chitinase-like protein required for cellulose biosynthesis in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 159:1440-1452. [PMID: 22665444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant chitinases, a class of glycosyl hydrolases, participate in various aspects of normal plant growth and development, including cell wall metabolism and disease resistance. The rice (Oryza sativa) genome encodes 37 putative chitinases and chitinase-like proteins. However, none of them has been characterized at the genetic level. In this study, we report the isolation of a brittle culm mutant, bc15, and the map-based cloning of the BC15/OsCTL1 (for chitinase-like1) gene affected in the mutant. The gene encodes the rice chitinase-like protein BC15/OsCTL1. Mutation of BC15/OsCTL1 causes reduced cellulose content and mechanical strength without obvious alterations in plant growth. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that BC15/OsCTL1 is a class II chitinase-like protein that is devoid of both an amino-terminal cysteine-rich domain and the chitinase activity motif H-E-T-T but possesses an amino-terminal transmembrane domain. Biochemical assays demonstrated that BC15/OsCTL1 is a Golgi-localized type II membrane protein that lacks classical chitinase activity. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and β-glucuronidase activity analyses indicated that BC15/OsCTL1 is ubiquitously expressed. Investigation of the global expression profile of wild-type and bc15 plants, using Illumina RNA sequencing, further suggested a possible mechanism by which BC15/OsCTL1 mediates cellulose biosynthesis and cell wall remodeling. Our findings provide genetic evidence of a role for plant chitinases in cellulose biosynthesis in rice, which appears to differ from their roles as revealed by analysis of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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