1
|
Han K, Yu P, Lu J, Hao Z, Jiao Y, Ren Y, Zhao Y, Jiang H, Wang J, Hu Z. Nitrogen and nitrous oxides emission characteristics of anoxic/oxic wastewater treatment process under different oxygen regulation strategies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170802. [PMID: 38342469 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) (i.e., nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)), which could be produced in wastewater treatment process and result in greenhouse effect and atmospheric pollution, respectively, have been studied limitedly in their emission characteristics and transformation mechanisms. In this study, intelligent oxygen regulation was applied in anoxic/oxic wastewater treatment process (I-A/O), and its effects on regulating NOx and N2O transformations were extensively explored by comparing it with conventional A/O process (C-A/O). Results showed that the average emission amounts of N2O and NOx in I-A/O were 7.45 ± 0.66 mg and 1.88 ± 0.10 mg, respectively. Satisfactory reduction of N2O by 29.28 %-45.08 % was achieved in I-A/O compared to that of C-A/O, but together with increased NOx emission by 83.19 %-120.57 %. Pearson correlation and transcriptional analysis suggested that NO2--N reduction in the anoxic phase dominated N2O production, while no significant N2O production in the oxic phase was found. Hence, the reduced N2O production in I-A/O was mainly attributed to its efficient denitrification process. On the other hand, both the anoxic and oxic phases played important roles in NO production. More importantly, sufficient oxygen in I-A/O promoted the ammonia oxidation process, resulting in higher NO emission in I-A/O in the oxic phase. The imbalance in NO and N2O emissions was then amplified by the NOR enzyme, which mediates the conversion of NO to N2O in both the anoxic and oxic phases. Besides, carbon emission reduction by 31.32 %-36.50 % was obtained in I-A/O due to aeration consumption savings and greenhouse gas emissions reduction compared to C-A/O. Overall, intelligent oxygen regulation optimized the nitrogen transformation and achieved carbon emission reduction in A/O process, but special attention should be paid to the associated risk caused by increased NO emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Peihan Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jiaxing Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zeyu Hao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Environment Research Institute, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yangang Ren
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yanhui Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Huiqi Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jinhe Wang
- Resources and Environment Research Institute, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li W, Li X, Zhang Q, Kao C, Hou X, Peng Y. Recent advances of partial anammox by controlling nitrite supply in mainstream wastewater treatment through step-feed mode. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168965. [PMID: 38030009 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
At present, the step-feed process is a very active branch in practical application of mainstream wastewater treatment, and the anammox technology empowers the sustainable development and in-depth research of step-feed process. This review provides a systematically inspection of the realization and application of partial anammox process through step-feed mode, with a particular focus on controlling nitrite supply for anammox. The characteristics and advantages of step-feed mode in traditional management are reviewed. The unique organics utilization strategy by step-feed and indispensable intermittent aeration mode creates advantages for achieving nitritation (NH4+ → NO2-) and denitratation (NO3- → NO2-), providing flexible combination possibility with anammox. Additionally, the lab- or pilot-scale control strategies with different forms of anammox, including nitritation/anammox, denitratation/anammox, and double-anammox (combined nitritation/anammox and denitratation/anammox), are summarized. Finally, future directions and application perspectives on leveraging the relationship between flocs and biofilm, nitritation and denitratation, and different strains to maximize the anammox proportion in N-removal are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Chengkun Kao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Xiaohang Hou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Liu Y, Zhao T, He Y, Zhu T, Chai H, Peng L. Smaller Aerobic Granules Significantly Reduce N 2O Production by Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria: Evidences from Biochemical and Isotopic Analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:545-556. [PMID: 38111342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) is of primary significance to offset carbon footprints in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) systems. However, a significant knowledge gap still exists regarding the N2O production mechanism and its pathway contribution. To address this issue, the impact of varying granule sizes, dissolved oxygen (DO), and nitrite (NO2-) levels on N2O production by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) during nitrification in AGS systems was comprehensively investigated. Biochemical and isotopic experiments revealed that increasing DO or decreasing NO2- levels reduced N2O emission factors (by 13.8 or 19.5%) and production rates (by 0.08 or 0.35 mg/g VSS/h) via weakening the role of the AOB denitrification pathway since increasing DO competed for more electrons required for AOB denitrification. Smaller granules (0.5 mm) preferred to diminish N2O production via enhancing the role of NH2OH pathway (i.e., 59.4-100% in the absence of NO2-), while larger granules (2.0 mm) induced conspicuously higher N2O production via the AOB denitrification pathway (approximately 100% at higher NO2- levels). Nitrifying AGS systems with a unified size of 0.5 mm achieved 42% N2O footprint reduction compared with the system with mixed sizes (0.5-2.0 mm) under optimal conditions (DO = 3.0 mg-O2/L and NO2- = 0 mg-N/L).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yingrui Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tianhang Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanying He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongxiang Chai
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Lai Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Duan H, Wang Q, Erler DV, Ye L, Yuan Z. Effects of free nitrous acid treatment conditions on the nitrite pathway performance in mainstream wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:360-370. [PMID: 29981984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Inline sludge treatment using free nitrous acid (FNA) was recently shown to be effective in establishing the nitrite pathway in a biological nitrogen removal system. However, the effects of FNA treatment conditions on the nitrite pathway performance remained to be investigated. In this study, three different FNA treatment frequencies (daily sludge treatment ratios of 0.22, 0.31 and 0.38, respectively), two FNA concentrations (1.35 mgN/L and 4.23 mgN/L, respectively) and two influent feeding regimes (one- and two-step feeding) were investigated in four laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors. The nitrite accumulation ratio was positively correlated to the FNA treatment frequency. However, when a high treatment frequency was used e.g., daily sludge treatment ratio of 0.38, a significant reduction in ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) activity occurred, leading to poor ammonium oxidation. AOB were able to acclimatise to FNA concentrations up to of 4.23 mgN/L, whereas nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were limited by an FNA concentration of 1.35 mgN/L over the duration of the study (up to 120 days). This difference in sensitivity to FNA could be used to further enhance nitrite accumulation, with 90% accumulation achieved at an FNA concentration of 4.23 mgN/L and a daily sludge treatment ratio of 0.31 in this study. However, this high level of nitrite accumulation led to increased N2O emission, with emission factors of up to 3.9% observed. The N2O emission was mitigated (reduced to 1.3%) by applying two-step feeding resulting in a nitrite accumulation ratio of 45.1%. Economic analysis showed that choosing the optimal FNA treatment conditions depends on a combination of the wastewater characteristics, the nitrogen discharge standards, and the operational costs. This study provides important information for the optimisation and practical application of FNA-based sludge treatment technology for achieving the mainstream stable nitrite pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Duan
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Qilin Wang
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, QLD, Australia; Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, QLD, Australia.
| | - Dirk V Erler
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Liu Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Yuan
- Advanced Water Management Centre (AWMC), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Su Q, Ma C, Domingo-Félez C, Kiil AS, Thamdrup B, Jensen MM, Smets BF. Low nitrous oxide production through nitrifier-denitrification in intermittent-feed high-rate nitritation reactors. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 123:429-438. [PMID: 28689127 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) production from autotrophic nitrogen conversion processes, especially nitritation systems, can be significant, requires understanding and calls for mitigation. In this study, the rates and pathways of N2O production were quantified in two lab-scale sequencing batch reactors operated with intermittent feeding and demonstrating long-term and high-rate nitritation. The resulting reactor biomass was highly enriched in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, and converted ∼93 ± 14% of the oxidized ammonium to nitrite. The low DO set-point combined with intermittent feeding was sufficient to maintain high nitritation efficiency and high nitritation rates at 20-26 °C over a period of ∼300 days. Even at the high nitritation efficiencies, net N2O production was low (∼2% of the oxidized ammonium). Net N2O production rates transiently increased with a rise in pH after each feeding, suggesting a potential effect of pH on N2O production. In situ application of 15N labeled substrates revealed nitrifier denitrification as the dominant pathway of N2O production. Our study highlights operational conditions that minimize N2O emission from two-stage autotrophic nitrogen removal systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxian Su
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Chun Ma
- Nordic Center for Earth Evolution and Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Carlos Domingo-Félez
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Kiil
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bo Thamdrup
- Nordic Center for Earth Evolution and Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Marlene Mark Jensen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Barth F Smets
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dobbeleers T, Daens D, Miele S, D'aes J, Caluwé M, Geuens L, Dries J. Performance of aerobic nitrite granules treating an anaerobic pre-treated wastewater originating from the potato industry. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 226:211-219. [PMID: 28002781 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study nitrogen removal via nitrite >80% was achieved after approximately 80days in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) treating pre-treated industrial wastewater originating from the potato industry. Thereafter, SBR performance was investigated during the formation of aerobic nitrite granules (ANG). The first granules appeared after 26days leading to full granulation after 64days. ANG showed excellent settling properties, as the Sludge Volume Index (SVI) went down to 16mL/g and a SVI10/SVI30=1 was obtained. qPCR analysis showed that slow growing organisms, especially polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAO) were stimulated by an anaerobic feeding strategy. The average nitrogen removal was 95.3% over the entire operational period, and it mainly followed the "nitrite-route". Moreover, with ANG also phosphorus removal efficiencies up to 65.7% could be achieved. However, it has to be mentioned that nitrous oxide was an important denitrification product, which implies some environmental concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dobbeleers
- Research Group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dominique Daens
- Research Group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Solange Miele
- National University of Quilmes, Basic and Applied Microbiology Institute, Genetic Engineering and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jolien D'aes
- Research Group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michel Caluwé
- Research Group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Geuens
- Research Group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Dries
- Research Group BioGEM, Bio-Chemical Green Engineering & Materials, Faculty of Applied Engineering, University of Antwerp, Salesianenlaan 90, 2660 Antwerp, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang L, Zhu X, Li J, Kashima H, Liao Q, Regan J. Step-feed strategy enhances performance of unbuffered air-cathode microbial fuel cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03769d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Step-feed was introduced to enhance proton transfer in unbuffered MFCs and improved power generation and Coulombic efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing 400030
- China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing 400030
- China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing 400030
- China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics
| | - Hiroyuki Kashima
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- USA
| | - Qiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems (Chongqing University)
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing 400030
- China
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics
| | - John M. Regan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gao M, Yang S, Wang M, Wang XH. Nitrous oxide emissions from an aerobic granular sludge system treating low-strength ammonium wastewater. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:601-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
9
|
Liu RT, Wang XH, Zhang Y, Wang MY, Gao MM, Wang SG. Optimization of operation conditions for the mitigation of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from aerobic nitrifying granular sludge system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:9518-9528. [PMID: 26841778 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of operation parameters is a key consideration to minimize nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in biological nitrogen removal processes. So far, different parameters have only been investigated individually, making it difficult to compare their specific effects and combined influences. In this study, we applied the Plackett-Burman (PB) multifactorial experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) analysis to find the optimized condition for the mitigation of N2O release in a nitrifying granular sludge system. Seven parameters (temperature, pH, feeding strategy, C/N ratio, aeration rate, Cu(2+) concentration, and aeration mode) were tested in parallel. Five of them (other than chemical oxygen demand/nitrogen (C/N) ratio and Cu(2+) concentration) were selected as influential factors. Since the type of feeding strategies and aeration modes cannot be quantified, continuous feed strategy and anoxic/oxic aeration mode were applied for the following study. Influences of temperature, pH, and aeration rate on N2O emissions were tested with RSM analysis to further investigate the mutual interactions among the parameters and to identify the optimal values that would minimize N2O release. Results showed the minimum emission value could be obtained under the temperature of 22.3 °C, pH of 7.1 and aeration rate of 0.20 m(3)/h. Predicted results were then verified by subsequent validation experiments. The estimated N2O emission value of each design by RSM was also observed in good relationships with experimental result.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xin-Hua Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Ming-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Ming-Ming Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Shu-Guang Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| |
Collapse
|