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Numerical Models of Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands: Review and Future Development. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12083498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Numerical model as a simulation tool was used to describe the pollutants transformation and degradation process in constructed wetlands (CWs). It can help provide insight into the “black box” and increase the understanding of the complex processes in CWs. In the last few decades, several process-based numerical models were developed to depict the pollutants removal processes in CWs, which include biochemical model, hydraulic model, reactive-transport model, plants model, clogging model, and coupling model combining two or more sub-models. However, there was a long way to go before fully understanding the decontamination mechanisms of CWs. On the one hand, single or a composite model coupling a small number of sub-models cannot fully reveal the decontamination processes. On the other hand, a comprehensive model including all sub-models of current cognition involves numerous parameters, most of which are interaction and cannot quantitatively determined, thus making the model complex and leading to diffuse interaction. Therefore, in order to describe the reaction processes in CWs more accurately, it is expected that all parameters should be quantified as far as possible in the future model. This study aims to provide a review of the numerical models of CWs and to reveal mechanism of decontamination. Based on the advantages and disadvantages of existing models, the study presented the improvement method and future research direction: (1) new detection/monitoring technique or computing method to quantitatively assess the parameters in CWs models, (2) correcting the simulation errors caused by the assumption of Activated Sludge Models (ASMs) and developing a complete biofilm reaction sub-model, (3) simplification of the comprehensive model, and (4) need of emerging pollutants modeling.
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Masmoudi Jabri K, Fiedler T, Saidi A, Nolde E, Ogurek M, Geissen SU, Bousselmi L. Steady-state modeling of the biodegradation performance of a multistage moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) used for on-site greywater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:19047-19062. [PMID: 30612353 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the Activated Sludge Model No. 3 (ASM3) was applied for the simulation of the removal of organics and nitrogen in a multistage moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) used for biological greywater treatment. The data related to the characterization of the greywater were collected over a period of 5 months to be investigated in the model. The reactor showed a high performance for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonia (NH4-N), and total nitrogen (TN) with a removal efficiency of 93%, 80.7%, 99%, 89%, and 77%, respectively. The results of modeling showed a good correlation between simulated and experimental concentrations of COD issued from different reactors of the MBBR system. The adaptability of the ASM3 model to fit other parameters such as TN, NH4-N, total suspended solids (TSS), and the dissolved oxygen (DO) was also investigated for two selected reactors: reactor (R1) and the reactor (R5). The simulation results showed an acceptable correlation regarding the evolution of the investigated parameters in R1 and R5 and in the effluent except for total nitrogen TN. The adjustment of the stoichiometric parameters led to a satisfactory simulation of TN concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaoula Masmoudi Jabri
- Laboratory of Wastewater and Environment, Centre for Water Research and Technologies CERTE, BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia
- National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology INSAT, University of Carthage, B.P. 676, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculty III, Chair of Environmental Process Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. KF 2, Strasse des 17.Juni 135, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Fiedler
- Faculty III, Chair of Environmental Process Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. KF 2, Strasse des 17.Juni 135, D-10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Assia Saidi
- Laboratory of Geo-Sciences Applied to Development Engineering (G.A.I.A.), Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, University Hassan II, Km 8 route d'El Jadida, BP 5366, Casablanca, Maarif, Morocco
| | - Erwin Nolde
- Nolde & Partner innovative Wasserkonzepte, Marienburger Straße 31A, 10405, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Ogurek
- ifak-Institut für Automation und Kommunikation e.V. Magdeburg, Werner-Heisenberg-Str. 1, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sven-Uwe Geissen
- National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology INSAT, University of Carthage, B.P. 676, 1080, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Latifa Bousselmi
- Laboratory of Wastewater and Environment, Centre for Water Research and Technologies CERTE, BP 273, 8020, Soliman, Tunisia.
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Combined Application of Coagulation/Flocculation/Sedimentation and Membrane Separation for the Treatment of Laundry Wastewater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/8324710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The wastewater from industrial laundries has a high quantity of contaminants from the washing process, as well as chemical additives. Aiming at the treatment of this type of wastewater, the present study evaluated the performance of a combined coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation process (C/F/S) and membrane separation to treat laundry wastewater in relation to physicochemical parameters of water quality. For this purpose, a Doehlert experimental design was applied to the C/F/S step using the natural coagulant Tanfloc POP® with maximum color and turbidity removal efficiency obtained of 80.27% and 86.50%, respectively, under conditions of pH of 6.4 and a coagulant concentration of 110 mg·L−1. The supernatant from the C/F/S step was used in the sequential microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) experiments. The maximum values of color, total nitrogen, dissolved solids, and turbidity removal were similar to MF and UF membranes at transmembrane pressure of 1.4 bar, with the greatest flow of permeates (92.2 L·h−1·m−2) presented by the MF membrane at 1.4 bar. The total efficiency of the combined C/F/S-MF process indicated the quality of the treated wastewater since it reduced 98.4% of the color, 99.1% of turbidity, 71.7% of the surfactants, and more than 55% of the total dissolved solids (TDS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC) from the industrial laundry wastewater. This study showed that the C/F/S-MF combined process could be an efficient treatment of laundry wastewater.
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Pirkarami A, Fereidooni L. Titanium electrode modified by nano-PMDAH as a highly efficient polymer for removal of Reactive Red 13 using solar cells for energy-harvesting applications. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1557-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Barca C, Roche N, Troesch S, Andrès Y, Chazarenc F. Modelling hydrodynamics of horizontal flow steel slag filters designed to upgrade phosphorus removal in small wastewater treatment plants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 206:349-356. [PMID: 29100147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Steel slag filters, if well designed and operated, may upgrade phosphorus removal in small wastewater treatment plants such as stabilization ponds and constructed wetlands. The main objective of this study was to develop a systemic modelling approach to describe changes in the hydraulic performances and internal hydrodynamics of steel slag filters under real dynamic operating conditions. The experimental retention time distribution curves (RTD curves) determined from tracer experiments performed at different times during the first year of operation of two field-scale steel slag filters were analyzed through a three stage process. First, a statistical analysis of the RTD curves was performed to determine statistical parameters of the retention time distribution. Second, classical tanks in series (TIS) and plug flow with dispersion (PFD) models were used to obtain a first evaluation of the dispersion and mixing regime. Finally, a multi-flow path TIS model, based on the assumption of several flow paths with different hydraulic properties, is proposed to accurately describe the internal hydrodynamics. Overall, the results of this study indicate that higher CaO content, round shape, and larger grain size distribution of steel slag may promote plug-like flow rather than dispersion. The results of the multi-flow path TIS model suggest that the internal hydrodynamics of steel slag filters can be primarily described by two main flow paths: (i) a faster main flow path showing higher plug flow, followed by (ii) a slower secondary flow path showing higher dispersion. The results also showed that internal hydrodynamics may change over time as a consequence of physical-chemical phenomena occurring in the filter, including accumulation of precipitates, slag hydration and carbonation, and particle segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Barca
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, 13451, Marseille, France.
| | - Nicolas Roche
- Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2 UMR 7340, 13451, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Troesch
- Epur Nature SAS, ZAC des Balarucs, 84510, Caumont sur Durance, France
| | - Yves Andrès
- IMT Atlantique, GEPEA UMR CNRS 6144, Université Bretagne Loire, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, F-44307, Nantes, cedex 03, France
| | - Florent Chazarenc
- IMT Atlantique, GEPEA UMR CNRS 6144, Université Bretagne Loire, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, F-44307, Nantes, cedex 03, France
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Minière M, Boutin O, Soric A. Experimental coupling and modelling of wet air oxidation and packed-bed biofilm reactor as an enhanced phenol removal technology. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:7693-7704. [PMID: 28124269 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Experimental coupling of wet air oxidation process and aerobic packed-bed biofilm reactor is presented. It has been tested on phenol as a model refractory compound. At 30 MPa and 250 °C, wet air oxidation batch experiments led to a phenol degradation of 97% and a total organic carbon removal of 84%. This total organic carbon was mainly due to acetic acid. To study the interest of coupling processes, wet air oxidation effluent was treated in a biological treatment process. This step was made up of two packed-bed biofilm reactors in series: the first one acclimated to phenol and the second one to acetic acid. After biological treatment, phenol and total organic carbon removal was 99 and 97% respectively. Thanks to parameters from literature, previous studies (kinetic and thermodynamic) and experimental data from this work (hydrodynamic parameters and biomass characteristics), both treatment steps were modelled. This modelling allows the simulation of the coupling process. Experimental results were finally well reproduced by the continuous coupled process model: relative error on phenol removal efficiency was 1 and 5.5% for wet air oxidation process and packed-bed biofilm reactor respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Minière
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Boutin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Marseille, France.
| | - Audrey Soric
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, M2P2, Marseille, France
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Mohanty A, Yadav AK, Roy Chaudhury G. Removal of nitrate nitrogen and chemical oxygen demand in upflow fixed bed reactor using heterotrophic microorganisms. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2016; 127:573-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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Sun FY, Li P, Li J, Li HJ, Ou QM, Sun TT, Dong ZJ. Hybrid biofilm-membrane bioreactor (Bf-MBR) for minimization of bulk liquid-phase organic substances and its positive effect on membrane permeability. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:772-780. [PMID: 26454042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Four biofilm membrane bioreactors (Bf-MBRs) with various fixed carrier volumes (C:M) were operated in parallel to investigate the effect of attached-growth mode biomass involvement to the change of liquid-phase organics characteristics and membrane permeability, by comparing with conventional MBR. The experiments displayed that C:M and co-existence of biofilm with suspended solids in Bf-MBRs resulted in slight difference in pollutants removal effectiveness, and in rather distinct biomass properties and bacterial activities. The membrane permeability and specific resistance of bulk suspension of Bf-MBRs related closely with the liquid-phase organic substance, including soluble microbial products (SMP) and biopolymer cluster (BPC). Compared with conventional MBR, Bf-MBR with proper C:M had a low total biomass content and food-chain, where biofilm formation and its dominance affected liquid-phase organics, especially through reducing their content and minimizing strongly and weakly hydrophobic components with small molecular weight, and thus to mitigate membrane fouling significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Y Sun
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - P Li
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - J Li
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - H J Li
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Q M Ou
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - T T Sun
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Z J Dong
- Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Water Resource Utilization and Environmental Pollution Control, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Zeng M, Soric A, Roche N. Modeling partial nitrification and denitrification in a hybrid biofilm reactor: calibration by retention time distribution and respirometric tests. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:12849-12860. [PMID: 25304239 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, partial nitrification coupled with denitrification is modeled in a hybrid biofilm reactor with different hydraulic saturation conditions. The activated sludge model with two-step nitrification is implemented in GPS-X software. Hydrodynamic modeling by retention time distribution analysis and biokinetic measurement by respirometric tests are two significant parts of model calibration. By combining these two parts, partial nitrification in the aerobic part of the column is well simulated with a good agreement between experimental and modeled effluent concentrations of NH4 (+) and NO2 (-). Particularly, fully hydraulic saturation condition contributes to the large hydraulic volume of 1.9 L and high produced NO2 (-) concentration around 40 mg L(-1). However, modeling denitrification still needs to be improved with more calibrated parameters. Furthermore, three alternatives are proposed for the optimization of reactor design and operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zeng
- Aix Marseille University, Centrale Marseille, CNRS, M2P2 UMR 7340, Europôle de l'Arbois, 13545, Aix en Provence, Cedex 4, France
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Mei CF, Liu YZ, Long WN, Sun GP, Zeng GQ, Xu MY, Luan TG. A comparative study of biodegradability of a carcinogenic aromatic amine (4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane) with OECD 301 test methods. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 111:123-130. [PMID: 25450924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA) is a widely used compound in industries. Studies on the biodegradability of MDA are necessary for environmental hazard identification and risk assessment. Previous studies have suggested that MDA was not readily biodegradable. In the present study, three batches of biodegradation tests (OECD 301A, B, D and F tests) were performed on MDA in June, August and December of 2012. MDA was found to be readily biodegradable and produced colored intermediates in the 301A, B and F test systems. MDA biodegradation measurements were consistent among the three batches of tests. Differences in the extent of biodegradation determined in different methods originated from different test conditions and assessment endpoints. The 301D test has stringent test conditions and is usually performed on chemicals that are toxic to microorganisms, so the test results obtained from 301D tests are less meaningful for evaluating the biodegradability of MDA. The low MDA biodegradation measurements in the 301B tests compared to the 301A and F tests were due to the assessment method, which did not account for MDA incorporation into biomass in its calculation of CO2 formation rate. The differences in the biodegradation rates, as measured by the different OECD 301 test systems, could also be related to the structure and properties of the chemical. For test substances that can be assessed by all OECD 301 test methods, the highest biodegradation values may be obtained from the 301A and F test methods. This study provides new information to assess the environmental fate in the risk assessment of MDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Fang Mei
- MOE Key Laboratory Aquatic Product Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Yan-Zhen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Wei-Nian Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Guo-Qu Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Mei-Ying Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangzhou 510070, China.
| | - Tian-Gang Luan
- MOE Key Laboratory Aquatic Product Safety, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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