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Ende S, Henjes J, Spiller M, Elshobary M, Hanelt D, Abomohra A. Recent advances in recirculating aquaculture systems and role of microalgae to close system loop. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 407:131107. [PMID: 39009051 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), waste management of nutrient-rich byproducts accounts for 30-50% of the whole production costs. Integrating microalgae into RAS offers complementary solutions for transforming waste streams into valuable co-products. This review aims to provide an overview of recent advances in microalgae application to enhance RAS performance and derive value from all waste streams by using RAS effluents as microalgal nutrient sources. Aquaculture solid waste can be converted by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), then the resultant aqueous phase of HTL can be used for microalgae cultivation. In addition, microalgae generate the required oxygen while sequestering carbon dioxide. The review suggests a novel integrated system focusing on oxygenation and carbon dioxide capture along with recent technological developments concerning efficient microalgae cultivation and nutrient recovery techniques. In such system, microalgae-based biorefineries provide environmentally-conscious and economically-viable pathways for enhanced RAS performance and conversion of effluents into high-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Ende
- Aquaculture Research, AWI - Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Joachim Henjes
- Aquaculture Research, AWI - Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Marc Spiller
- Research Group of Sustainable Energy, Air and Water technology, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium; VITO WaterClimateHub, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Oostende, Belgium
| | - Mostafa Elshobary
- Aquaculture Research, AWI - Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Dieter Hanelt
- Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, 22609 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Abdelfatah Abomohra
- Aquaculture Research, AWI - Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; Aquatic Ecophysiology and Phycology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, 22609 Hamburg, Germany.
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Keet G, Du Toit JP, Pott RWM. Methods for the separation of hydraulic retention time and solids retention time in the application of photosynthetic microorganisms in photobioreactors: a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:100. [PMID: 38366203 PMCID: PMC10873236 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03909-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Photosynthetic microorganisms have a wide range of biotechnical applications, through the application of their versatile metabolisms. However, their use in industry has been extremely limited to date, partially because of the additional complexities associated with their cultivation in comparison to other organisms. Strategies and developments in photobioreactors (PBRs) designed for their culture and applications are needed to drive the field forward. One particular area which bears examination is the use of strategies to separate solid- and hydraulic-residence times (SRT and HRT), to facilitate flow-through systems and continuous processing. The aim of this review is to discuss the various types of PBRs and methods which are currently demonstrated in the literature and industry, with a focus on the separation of HRT and SRT. The use of an efficient method of biomass retention in a PBR may be advantageous as it unlocks the option for continuous operation, which may improve efficiency, and improve economic feasibility of large-scale implementation of photosynthetic biocatalysts, especially where biomass is not the primary product. Due to the underexplored nature of the separation of HRT and SRT in reactors using photosynthetic microorganisms, limited literature is available regarding their performance, efficiencies, and potential issues. This review first introduces an overview into photosynthetic microorganisms cultivated and commonly exploited for use in biotechnological applications, with reference to bioreactor considerations specific to each organism. Following this, the existing technologies used for the separation of HRT and SRT in PBRs are explored. The respective advantages and disadvantages are discussed for each PBR design, which may inform an interested bioprocess engineer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant Keet
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - J P Du Toit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Watchmaker Genomics, Cape Town, South Africa
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Sun J, Yu Z, Yang L, Chu H, Jiang S, Zhang Y, Zhou X. New insight in algal cell adhesion and cake layer evolution in algal-related membrane processes: Size-fractioned particles, initial foulant seeds and EDEM simulation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 220:115162. [PMID: 36580982 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A clear understanding of algal cell adhesion and cake layer evolution in algal-related membrane processes (ARMPs) is urgently required to mitigate the membrane fouling. In this study, the effect of microparticles (10 μm-30 μm), subvisible particles (0.45 μm-10 μm), and ultrafine particles (50 kDa-0.45 μm) on the membrane fouling were explored based on the filtration performance through Hermia models, thermodynamic analysis, and simulation of extended discrete element method (EDEM). The results illustrated that microparticles played an important role in algal cell aggregation and the formation of initial clusters. Intermediate blocking fouling occurred when filtrating the subvisible particle, which facilitated internal adhesion and enhanced biofilm formation. In addition, the interfacial attractive force for the initial algal adhesion was obviously increased when the membrane surfaces were in high concentration of protein and polysaccharide. Moreover, the EDEM simulation demonstrated that subsequent particles, particularly the particles with small sizes, preferred to occupy the spaces among the previously deposited particles. This study provided new insights into the contributions of size-fractioned particles to initial fouling and their influence on the successive adhesion of other contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenjiang Yu
- Rural Technology Development Center, Guangdong Academy of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Libin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Safe Discharge and Resource Utilization of Urban Water, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, 412007, China.
| | - Huaqiang Chu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuhong Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Restiawaty E, Marwani E, Steven S, Mega Rahayu G, Hanif F, Prakoso T. Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in mediums with varying nitrogen sources and concentrations to induce the lipid yield. Chem Ind 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2022.2164525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elvi Restiawaty
- Department of Bioenergy Engineering and Chemurgy, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Research Center, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Erly Marwani
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Soen Steven
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Gabriela Mega Rahayu
- Department of Bioenergy Engineering and Chemurgy, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Fadhilah Hanif
- Department of Bioenergy Engineering and Chemurgy, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Tirto Prakoso
- Department of Bioenergy Engineering and Chemurgy, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
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Ricceri F, Malaguti M, Derossi C, Zanetti M, Riggio V, Tiraferri A. Microalgae biomass concentration and reuse of water as new cultivation medium using ceramic membrane filtration. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135724. [PMID: 35850220 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to advance means for microalgae dewatering with the simultaneous reuse of water as new cultivation medium, specifically through ceramic membrane filtration. Three algae, namely, Spirulina platensis, Scenedesmus obliquus, and Chlorella sorokiniana were tested by filtering suspensions with four ceramic membranes having nominal pore sizes of 0.8 μm, 0.14 μm, 300 kDa, 15 kDa. The observed flux values and organic matter removal rates were related to the membrane pore size and cake layer properties, with some differences in productivity between algae types, likely due to cell size and shape. Interestingly, similar near steady-state fluxes (70-120 L m-2h-1) were measured using membranes with nominal pore size above 15 kDa, suggesting the dominance of cake layer filtration independently of the initial flux. Virtually complete algae cells rejections and high nutrient passage (>75%) were observed in all combinations. When the permeate streams were used as media for new growth cycles of the various algae, no or little growth was observed with Spirulina p., while Chlorella s. (permeate from 300 kDa membrane) and especially Scenedesmus o. (permeate from 0.14 μm membrane) showed the fastest growth rates, almost comparable to those observed with ideal fresh media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ricceri
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy; CleanWaterCenter@PoliTo, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Malaguti
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Clara Derossi
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zanetti
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Riggio
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Tiraferri
- Department of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy; CleanWaterCenter@PoliTo, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 24, 10129, Torino, Italy.
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Paquette AJ, Vadlamani A, Demirkaya C, Strous M, De la Hoz Siegler H. Nutrient management and medium reuse for cultivation of a cyanobacterial consortium at high pH and alkalinity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:942771. [PMID: 36032714 PMCID: PMC9402938 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.942771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaliphilic cyanobacteria have gained significant interest due to their robustness, high productivity, and ability to convert CO2 into bioenergy and other high value products. Effective nutrient management, such as re-use of spent medium, will be essential to realize sustainable applications with minimal environmental impacts. In this study, we determined the solubility and uptake of nutrients by an alkaliphilic cyanobacterial consortium grown at high pH and alkalinity. Except for Mg, Ca, Co, and Fe, all nutrients are in fully soluble form. The cyanobacterial consortium grew well without any inhibition and an overall productivity of 0.15 g L−1 d−1 (AFDW) was achieved. Quantification of nutrient uptake during growth resulted in the empirical formula CH1.81N0.17O0.20P0.013S0.009 for the consortium biomass. We showed that spent medium can be reused for at least five growth/harvest cycles. After an adaptation period, the cyanobacterial consortium fully acclimatized to the spent medium, resulting in complete restoration of biomass productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre J. Paquette
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Alexandre J. Paquette,
| | | | - Cigdem Demirkaya
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marc Strous
- Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Lo E, Arora N, Philippidis GP. Deciphering metabolic alterations in algae cultivated in spent media as means for enhancing algal biorefinery sustainability. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125890. [PMID: 34543816 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The recycling of unfiltered spent media during cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris was studied using metabolomics in an effort to enhance water and nutrient sustainability and reduce operating costs in algal biorefineries. Cultivation in spent media resulted in reduced biomass and lipid productivity by 14% and 19%, respectively, compared to fresh media. The decrease was related to a detected lower nutrient uptake. Nevertheless, carbohydrate content (28% of dry cell weight) and α-linolenic acid content (27 % of fatty acids) were higher in spent media cultures than in fresh media. Metabolomics analysis of intracellular metabolites revealed downregulation of nitrogen assimilation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, structural lipids, and energy metabolism, but upregulation of stress mitigation and carbohydrate synthesis. No growth was supported by spent media during a second cultivation cycle and was likely due to the identified extracellular accumulation of humic acid and free fatty acids that acted as growth auto-inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enlin Lo
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA; Patel College of Global Sustainability, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Neha Arora
- Patel College of Global Sustainability, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - George P Philippidis
- Patel College of Global Sustainability, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Wan Osman WNA, Mat Nawi NI, Samsuri S, Bilad MR, Khan AL, Hunaepi H, Jaafar J, Lam MK. Ultra low-pressure filtration system for energy efficient microalgae filtration. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07367. [PMID: 34222699 PMCID: PMC8243011 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae-based products have gained growing interest leading to an increase in large-scale cultivation. However, the high energy associated with microalgae harvesting becomes one of the bottlenecks. This study evaluated an energy-efficient microalga harvesting via ultra-low-pressure membrane (ULPM) filtration (<20 kPa) in combination with aeration. ULPM offered various benefits especially in terms of reducing the energy consumption due to it operated under low transmembrane pressure (TMP). High TMP often associated with high pumping energy hence would increase the amount of energy consumed. In addition, membrane with high TMP would severely affect by membrane compaction. Results showed that membrane compaction leads to up to 66 % clean water permeability loss when increasing the TMP from 2.5 to 19 kPa. The Chlorella vulgaris broth permeabilities decreased from 1660 and 1250 to 296 and 251 L/m2hrbar for corresponding TMPs for system with and without aeration, respectively. However, it was found that membrane fouling was more vulnerable at low TMP due to poor foulant scouring from a low crossflow velocity in which up to 56 % of permeability losses were observed. Membrane fouling is the biggest drawback of membrane system as it would reduce the membrane performance. In this study, aeration was introduced as membrane fouling control to scour-off the foulant from membrane surface and pores. In terms of energy consumption, it was observed that the specific energy consumption for the ULPM were very low of up to 4.4 × 10-3 kWh/m3. Overall, combination of low TMP with aeration offers lowest energy input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Nur Aisyah Wan Osman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.,HICoE Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Normi Izati Mat Nawi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Shafirah Samsuri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.,HICoE Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia.,Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Asim Laeeq Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hunaepi Hunaepi
- Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika, Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.,HICoE Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
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Wu M, Du M, Wu G, Lu F, Li J, Lei A, Zhu H, Hu Z, Wang J. Water reuse and growth inhibition mechanisms for cultivation of microalga Euglena gracilis. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:132. [PMID: 34090512 PMCID: PMC8180174 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae can contribute to more than 40% of global primary biomass production and are suitable candidates for various biotechnology applications such as food, feed products, drugs, fuels, and wastewater treatment. However, the primary limitation for large-scale algae production is the fact that algae requires large amounts of fresh water for cultivation. To address this issue, scientists around the world are working on ways to reuse the water to grow microalgae so that it can be grown in successive cycles without the need for fresh water. RESULTS In this study, we present the results when we cultivate microalgae with cultivation water that is purified and reused. Specifically, we purify the cultivation water using an ultrafiltration membrane (UFM) treatment and investigate how this treatment affects: the biomass and biochemical components of the microalgae; characteristics of microalgae growth inhibitors; the mechanism whereby potential growth inhibitors are secreted (followed using metabolomics analysis); the effect of activated carbon (AC) treatment and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) on the removal of growth inhibitors of Euglena gracilis. Firstly, the results show that E. gracilis can be only cultivated through two growth cycles with water that has been filtered and reused, and the growth of E. gracilis is significantly inhibited when the water is used a third time. Secondly, as the number of reused water cycles increases, the Cl- concentration gradually increases in the cultivation water. When the Cl- concentration accumulates to a level of fivefold higher than that of the control, growth of E. gracilis is inhibited as the osmolality tolerance range is exceeded. Interestingly, the osmolality of the reused water can be reduced by replacing NH4Cl with urea as the source of nitrogen in the cultivation water. Thirdly, E. gracilis secretes humic acid (HA)-which is produced by the metabolic pathways for valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis and by linoleic acid metabolism-into the cultivation water. Because HA contains large fluorescent functional groups, specifically extended π(pi)-systems containing C=C and C=O groups and aromatic rings, we were able to observe a positive correlation between HA concentration and the rate of inhibition of E. gracilis growth using fluorescence spectroscopy. Moreover, photosynthetic efficiency is adversely interfered by HA, thereby reductions in the synthetic efficiency of paramylon and lipid in E. gracilis. In this way, we are able to confirm that HA is the main growth inhibitor of E. gracilis. Finally, we verify that all the HA is removed or converted into nutrients efficiently by AC or UV/H2O2/O3 treatments, respectively. As a result of these treatments, growth of E. gracilis is restored (AC treatment) and the amount of biomass is promoted (UV/H2O2/O3 treatment). CONCLUSIONS These studies have important practical and theoretical significance for the cyclic cultivation of E. gracilis and for saving water resources. Our work may also provide a useful reference for other microalgae cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcan Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, China
| | - Ming Du
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Guimei Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Feimiao Lu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jing Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Anping Lei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Hui Zhu
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou, 521041, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jiangxin Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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Chaudhary R, Tong YW, Dikshit AK. Kinetic study of nutrients removal from municipal wastewater by Chlorella vulgaris in photobioreactor supplied with CO 2-enriched air. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:617-626. [PMID: 30074855 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1508250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The microalgae Chlorella vulgaris ATCC 13482 was used in the present study for municipal wastewater treatment. Batch experiments were performed in bubble column photobioreactors of 7 L working volume maintained at 25 ± 2°C and 14 h/10 h of photo and dark cycle. The treatment process was enhanced by using CO2-augmented air (5% CO2 v/v) supply into the microalgal culture in comparison to the use of normal air (0.03% CO2 v/v). For a period of 7 days, C. vulgaris effected maximum removals of 74.4% soluble fraction of chemical oxygen demand, 72% ammonia (NH4-N), 60% nitrate (NO3-N) and 81.93% orthophosphate (PO4-P) with use of normal air, whereas 84.6% sCOD, 88% NH4-N, 72% NO3-N and 92.8% PO4-P removals, respectively, with use of 5% CO2/air supply. Using kinetic study data, the specific rates of ammonia and phosphate uptake (qammonia and qphosphate) by C. vulgaris at 5% CO2/air supply were found to be 2.41 and 0.85 d-1, respectively. Using the algal remediation technology, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium recovery from sewage treatment plant of 37.5 million litres per day wastewater influent capacity was calculated to be ∼298.5, 55.4 and 83.7 kg d-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramjee Chaudhary
- Environmental Infrastructure and Clean Technology (EICT) Laboratory, Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anil Kumar Dikshit
- Environmental Infrastructure and Clean Technology (EICT) Laboratory, Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- School of Business, Environment and Society, Mälardalen University, Vasteras, Sweden
- School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Klong Luang, Thailand
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Sá M, Monte J, Brazinha C, Galinha CF, Crespo JG. Fluorescence coupled with chemometrics for simultaneous monitoring of cell concentration, cell viability and medium nitrate during production of carotenoid-rich Dunaliella salina. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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Identification of auto-inhibitors in the reused culture media of the Chlorophyta Scenedesmus acuminatus. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Luo Y, Henderson RK, Le-Clech P. Characterisation of organic matter in membrane photobioreactors (MPBRs) and its impact on membrane performance. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Monte J, Sá M, Parreira C, Galante J, Serra AR, Galinha CF, Costa L, Pereira VJ, Brazinha C, Crespo JG. Recycling of Dunaliella salina cultivation medium by integrated membrane filtration and advanced oxidation. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Eliseus A, Putra Z, Bilad M, Nordin N, Wirzal M, Jaafar J, Khan AL, Aqsha. Energy minimization of a tilted panel filtration system for microalgae filtration: Performance modeling and optimization. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Chaudhary R, Dikshit AK, Tong YW. Carbon-dioxide biofixation and phycoremediation of municipal wastewater using Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:20399-20406. [PMID: 28656576 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9575-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The pure cultures of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris ATCC 13482 and Scenedesmus obliquus FACHB 417 were grown in municipal wastewater in 7-L airlift bubble column photobioreactor supplied with 5% CO2/air (v/v). Batch experiments were conducted at 25 °C with 14-h light/10-h dark cycle for a period of 10 days. The CO2 capture efficiencies for both the microalgae were monitored in terms of their respective biomass productivities, carbon contents, and CO2 consumption rates. In the present study, the initial concentration of ammonia (43.7 mg L-1) was decreased to 2.9 and 3.7 mg L-1 by C. vulgaris and S. obliquus, respectively. And, the initial concentration of phosphate (18.5 mg L-1) was decreased to 1.1 and 1.6 mg L-1 by C. vulgaris and S. obliquus, respectively. CO2 biofixation rates by C. vulgaris and S. obliquus, cultivated in municipal wastewater, were calculated to be 140.91 and 129.82 mg L-1 day-1, respectively. The findings from the present study highlight the use of microalgae for wastewater treatment along with CO2 uptake and biomass utilization for pilot scale production of biodiesel, biogas, feed supplements for animals, etc., thus minimizing the production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramjee Chaudhary
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore.
| | - Anil Kumar Dikshit
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
- School of Business, Environment and Society, Mälardalen University, Vasteras, Sweden
- Urban Environmental Management, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Luo Y, Le-Clech P, Henderson RK. Assessment of membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) performance parameters and operating conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 138:169-180. [PMID: 29597119 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane photobioreactor (MPBR) technology is an emerging algae-based wastewater treatment system. Given the limitations due to the general use of conventional analytical approaches in previous research, this study aims to provide a more comprehensive assessment of MPBR performance through advanced characterisation techniques. New performance parameters are also proposed, encompassing five important aspects of MPBR system efficiency (i.e. biomass concentration, composition, production, nutrient uptake and harvesting potential). Under initial standard operating conditions, performance parameters, such as cell count/MLSS ratio, cell viability, proportion of bacteria and biomass yield coefficient, were found to offer new insights into the operation of MPBR. These parameters were then used, for the first time, to systematically investigate MPBRs operated under different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) and solids retention times (SRTs). Applying shorter HRT and SRT was observed to increase cell viability and productivity (up to 0.25 × 107 cells/mL·d), as anticipated due to the higher nutrient loading. It was noted that the faster growing algal cells featured lower requirement for nutrients. On the other hand, extending HRT and SRT resulted in a more heterogeneous culture (lower cell count/MLSS ratio and higher proportion of bacteria), achieving a higher degree of autoflocculation and greater NO3-N and PO4-P removals of up to 79% and 78% respectively. The results demonstrate the trade-off between applying different HRTs and SRTs and the importance of fully characterising system performance to critically assess the advantages and limitations of chosen operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Luo
- The BioMASS Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia; UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Pierre Le-Clech
- UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Rita K Henderson
- The BioMASS Lab, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia; UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
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18
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19
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Hwang JH, Rittmann BE. Effect of permeate recycling and light intensity on growth kinetics of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Luo Y, Le-Clech P, Henderson RK. Simultaneous microalgae cultivation and wastewater treatment in submerged membrane photobioreactors: A review. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Polyacrylonitrile membranes for microalgae filtration: Influence of porosity, surface charge and microalgae species on membrane fouling. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Lowrey J, Armenta RE, Brooks MS. Sequential recycling of enzymatic lipid-extracted hydrolysate in fermentations with a thraustochytrid. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 209:333-342. [PMID: 26994462 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study extends the findings of prior studies proposing and validating nutrient recycling for the heterotrophic microalgae, Thraustochytrium sp. (T18), grown in optimized fed-batch conditions. Sequential nutrient recycling of enzymatically-derived hydrolysate in fermentors succeeded at growing the tested thraustochytrid strain, with little evidence of inhibition or detrimental effects upon culture health. The average maximum biomass obtained in the recycled hydrolysate was 63.68±1.46gL(-1) in 90h the first recycle followed by 65.27±1.15gL(-1) in 90h in the subsequent recycle of the same material. These compared to 58.59gL(-1) and 64.92gL(-1) observed in fresh media in the same time. Lipid production was slightly impaired, however, with a maximum total fatty acid content of 62.2±0.30% in the recycled hydrolysate compared to 69.4% in fresh control media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lowrey
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Roberto E Armenta
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada; Mara Renewables Corporation, 101 Research Drive, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4T6, Canada
| | - Marianne S Brooks
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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23
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Lowrey J, Armenta RE, Brooks MS. Recycling of lipid-extracted hydrolysate as nitrogen supplementation for production of thraustochytrid biomass. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 43:1105-15. [PMID: 27155854 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Efficient resource usage is important for cost-effective microalgae production, where the incorporation of waste streams and recycled water into the process has great potential. This study builds upon emerging research on nutrient recycling in thraustochytrid production, where waste streams are recovered after lipid extraction and recycled into future cultures. This research investigates the nitrogen flux of recycled hydrolysate derived from enzymatic lipid extraction of thraustochytrid biomass. Results indicated the proteinaceous content of the recycled hydrolysate can offset the need to supply fresh nitrogen in a secondary culture, without detrimental impact upon the produced biomass. The treatment employing the recycled hydrolysate with no nitrogen addition accumulated 14.86 g L(-1) of biomass in 141 h with 43.3 % (w/w) lipid content compared to the control which had 9.26 g L(-1) and 46.9 % (w/w), respectively. This improved nutrient efficiency and wastewater recovery represents considerable potential for enhanced resource efficiency of commercial thraustochytrid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lowrey
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
- Mara Renewables Corporation, 101 Research Drive, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4T6, Canada.
| | - Roberto E Armenta
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
- Mara Renewables Corporation, 101 Research Drive, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4T6, Canada
| | - Marianne S Brooks
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
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24
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Lowrey J, Brooks MS, Armenta RE. Nutrient recycling of lipid-extracted waste in the production of an oleaginous thraustochytrid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:4711-21. [PMID: 27000841 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7463-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Improving the economics of microalgae production for the recovery of microbial oil requires a comprehensive exploration of the measures needed to improve productivity as well as to reduce the overall processing costs. One avenue for cost reduction involves recycling the effluent waste water remaining after lipid extraction. This study investigates the feasibility of recycling those wastes for growing thraustochytrid biomass, a heterotrophic microalgae, where wastes were generated from the enzymatic extraction of the lipids from the cell biomass. It was demonstrated that secondary cultures of the tested thraustochytrid grown in the recycled wastes performed favorably in terms of cell and oil production (20.48 g cells L(-1) and 40.9 % (w/w) lipid) compared to the control (13.63 g cells L(-1) and 56.8 % (w/w) lipid). Further, the significant uptake of solubilized cell material (in the form of amino acids) demonstrated that the recycled waste has the potential for offsetting the need for fresh medium components. These results indicate that the implementation of a nutrient recycling strategy for industrial microalgae production could be possible, with significant added benefits such as conserving water resources, improving production efficiency, and decreasing material inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lowrey
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Sexton House E102, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Marianne S Brooks
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Sexton House E102, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Roberto E Armenta
- Department of Process Engineering and Applied Science, Faculty of Engineering, Dalhousie University, Sexton House E102, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Mara Renewables Corporation, 101 Research Drive, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4T6, Canada
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25
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Honda R, Rukapan W, Komura H, Teraoka Y, Noguchi M, Hoek EMV. Effects of membrane orientation on fouling characteristics of forward osmosis membrane in concentration of microalgae culture. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 197:429-433. [PMID: 26356114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Application of forward osmosis (FO) membrane to microalgae cultivation processes enables concentration of microalgae and nutrients with low energy consumption. To understand fouling characteristics of FO membrane in concentration of microalgae culture, we studied flux decline, flux recovery by cleaning, and foulants characteristics, in different membrane orientation of active-layer-facing-feed-solution (AL-FS) and active-layer-facing-draw-solution (AL-DS) modes. Batch concentration of Chlorella vulgaris was conducted with a cellulose-triacetate FO membrane. Rapid flux decline and lower flux recovery was observed in AL-DS mode because of inner-membrane fouling including internal pore clogging, adsorption and internal concentration polarization in the support layer. A proportion of polysaccharides in extracellular polymeric substances to soluble microbial products were larger in chemical cleaning effluent than physical one in AL-DS mode, although those were not significantly different in AL-FS mode. Excitation-emission matrix analysis revealed that proteins and humic-like substances were also possible irreversible foulants both in AL-DS and AL-FS modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Honda
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Weerapong Rukapan
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hitomi Komura
- School of Environmental Design, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuta Teraoka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Mana Noguchi
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Eric M V Hoek
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1593, USA
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26
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Nutrient and media recycling in heterotrophic microalgae cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1061-1075. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Akhondi E, Wu B, Sun S, Marxer B, Lim W, Gu J, Liu L, Burkhardt M, McDougald D, Pronk W, Fane AG. Gravity-driven membrane filtration as pretreatment for seawater reverse osmosis: linking biofouling layer morphology with flux stabilization. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 70:158-73. [PMID: 25528546 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study gravity-driven membrane (GDM) ultrafiltration is investigated for the pretreatment of seawater before reverse osmosis (RO). The impacts of temperature (21 ± 1 and 29 ± 1 °C) and hydrostatic pressure (40 and 100 mbar) on dynamic flux development and biofouling layer structure were studied. The data suggested pore constriction fouling was predominant at the early stage of filtration, during which the hydrostatic pressure and temperature had negligible effects on permeate flux. With extended filtration time, cake layer fouling played a major role, during which higher hydrostatic pressure and temperature improved permeate flux. The permeate flux stabilized in a range of 3.6 L/m(2) h (21 ± 1 °C, 40 mbar) to 7.3 L/m(2) h (29 ± 1 °C, 100 mbar) after slight fluctuations and remained constant for the duration of the experiments (almost 3 months). An increase in biofouling layer thickness and a variable biofouling layer structure were observed over time by optical coherence tomography and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The presence of eukaryotic organisms in the biofouling layer was observed by light microscopy and the microbial community structure of the biofouling layer was analyzed by sequences of 16S rRNA genes. The magnitude of permeate flux was associated with the combined effect of the biofouling layer thickness and structure. Changes in the biofouling layer structure were attributed to (1) the movement and predation behaviour of the eukaryotic organisms which increased the heterogeneous nature of the biofouling layer; (2) the bacterial debris generated by eukaryotic predation activity which reduced porosity; (3) significant shifts of the dominant bacterial species over time that may have influenced the biofouling layer structure. As expected, most of the particles and colloids in the feed seawater were removed by the GDM process, which led to a lower RO fouling potential. However, the dissolved organic carbon in the permeate was not be reduced, possibly because some microbial species (e.g. algae) could convert CO2 into organic substances. To further improve the removal efficiency of the organic carbon, combining carrier biofilm processes with a submerged GDM filtration system is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Akhondi
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Bing Wu
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore 637141, Singapore.
| | - Shuyang Sun
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Brigit Marxer
- Institute of Environmental and Process Engineering, HSR University of Applied Sciences Rapperswil, Oberseestrasse 10, 8640 Rapperswil, Switzerland
| | - Weikang Lim
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Jun Gu
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Linbo Liu
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Michael Burkhardt
- Institute of Environmental and Process Engineering, HSR University of Applied Sciences Rapperswil, Oberseestrasse 10, 8640 Rapperswil, Switzerland
| | - Diane McDougald
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wouter Pronk
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Anthony G Fane
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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28
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Discart V, Bilad MR, Van Nevel S, Boon N, Cromphout J, Vankelecom IFJ. Role of transparent exopolymer particles on membrane fouling in a full-scale ultrafiltration plant: feed parameter analysis and membrane autopsy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 173:67-74. [PMID: 25285761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafiltration (UF) is widely used for water purification, but membrane fouling remains an important issue. In this study, the role of transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs), recently put forward as possible major foulants, was investigated in the fouling process of a full-scale UF installation. Algae, TEPs and other parameters in the UF feed were monitored and correlated during an 8 months long full-scale operation. Results revealed a complex fouling mechanism involving interactions mainly between algae, Fe (flocculant) and TEPs. Algae related parameters rather that TEP concentrations correlated stronger with irreversible fouling rates, suggesting that the overall role of TEPs in membrane fouling seems limited for this application. Finally, membrane autopsy showed the formation of a thick Fe-rich fouling layer on top of the fouled membranes, which could mostly be removed via cleaning-in-place. It remained partly irremovable in the form of some Fe-organic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Discart
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M R Bilad
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Van Nevel
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - N Boon
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - J Cromphout
- Department of Water Technology, De Watergroep, Vooruitgangstraat 189, 1030 Brussels, Belgium
| | - I F J Vankelecom
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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29
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Bilad MR, Arafat HA, Vankelecom IFJ. Membrane technology in microalgae cultivation and harvesting: a review. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:1283-1300. [PMID: 25109678 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Membrane processes have long been applied in different stages of microalgae cultivation and processing. These processes include microfiltration, ultrafiltration, dialysis, forward osmosis, membrane contactors and membrane spargers. They are implemented in many combinations, both as a standalone and as a coupled system (in membrane biomass retention photobioreactors (BR-MPBRs) or membrane carbonation photobioreactors (C-MPBRs). To provide sufficient background on these applications, an overview of membrane materials and membrane processes of interest in microalgae cultivation and processing is provided in this work first. Afterwards, discussion about specific aspects of membrane applications in microbial cultivation and harvesting is provided, including membrane fouling. Many of the membrane processes were shown to be promising options in microalgae cultivation. Yet, significant process optimizations are still required when they are applied to enable microalgae biomass bulk production to become competitive as a raw material for biofuel production. Recent developments of the coupled systems (BR-MPBR and C-MPBR) bring significant promises to improve the volumetric productivity of a cultivation system and the efficiency of inorganic carbon capture, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Bilad
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Institute Center for Water and Environment (iWater), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hassan A Arafat
- Institute Center for Water and Environment (iWater), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ivo F J Vankelecom
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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