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Liao Q, Sun L, Lu H, Qin X, Liu J, Zhu X, Li XY, Lin L, Li RH. Iron driven organic carbon capture, pretreatment, recovery and upgrade in wastewater: Process technologies, mechanisms, and implications. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 263:122173. [PMID: 39111213 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants face significant challenges in transitioning from energy-intensive systems to carbon-neutral, energy-saving systems, and a large amount of chemical energy in wastewater remains untapped. Iron is widely used in modern wastewater treatment. Research shows that leveraging the coupled redox relationship of iron and carbon can redirect this energy (in the form of carbon) towards resource utilization. Therefore, re-examining the application of iron in existing wastewater carbon processes is particularly important. In this review, we investigate the latest research progress on iron for wastewater carbon flow restructuring. During the iron-based chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) process, organic carbon is captured into sludge and its bioavailability is enhanced through iron-based advanced oxidation processes (AOP) pretreatment, further being recovered or upgraded to value-added products in anaerobic biological processes. We discuss the roles and mechanisms of iron in CEPT, AOP, anaerobic biological processes, and biorefining in driving organic carbon conversion. The dosage of iron, as a critical parameter, significantly affects the recovery and utilization of sludge carbon resources, particularly by promoting effective electron transfer. We propose a pathway for beneficial conversion of wastewater organic carbon driven by iron and analyze the benefits of the main products in detail. Through this review, we hope to provide new insights into the application of iron chemicals and current wastewater treatment models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Lianpeng Sun
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xianglin Qin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Junhong Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Xinzhe Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Ruo-Hong Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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2
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Zahmatkesh S, Klemeš JJ, Bokhari A, Wang C, Sillanpaa M, Amesho KTT, Vithanage M. Various advanced wastewater treatment methods to remove microplastics and prevent transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to airborne microplastics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : IJEST 2022; 20:2229-2246. [PMID: 36438928 PMCID: PMC9676805 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-022-04654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and SARS-CoV-2 interact due to their widespread presence in our environment and affect the virus' behaviour indoors and outdoors. Therefore, it is necessary to study the interaction between MPs and SARS-CoV-2. The environmental damage caused by MPs is increasing globally. Emerging pollutants may adversely affect organisms, especially sewage, posing a threat to human health, animal health, and the ecological system. A significant concern with MPs in the air is that they are a vital component of MPs in the other environmental compartments, such as water and soil, which may affect human health through ingesting or inhaling. This work introduces the fundamental knowledge of various methods in advanced water treatment, including membrane bioreactors, advanced oxidation processes, adsorption, etc., are highly effective in removing MPs; they can still serve as an entrance route due to their constantly being discharged into aquatic environments. Following that, an analysis of each process for MPs' removal and mitigation or prevention of SARS-CoV-2 contamination is discussed. Next, an airborne microplastic has been reported in urban areas, raising health concerns since aerosols are considered a possible route of SARS-CoV-2 disease transmission and bind to airborne MP surfaces. The MPs can be removed from wastewater through conventional treatment processes with physical processes such as screening, grit chambers, and pre-sedimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Zahmatkesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, P.O. Box 48518-78195, Behshahr, Iran
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieríay Ciencias, Puebla, Mexico
| | - J. J. Klemeš
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - A. Bokhari
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - C. Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - M. Sillanpaa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, 61411 Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Research Laboratory of Processes, Energetics, Environment and Electrical Systems, National School of Engineers, Gabes University, 6072 Gabes, Tunisia
- Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Applied Physics, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - K. T. T. Amesho
- The International University of Management, Centre for Environmental Studies, Main Campus, Dorado Park Ext 1, Windhoek, Namibia
- Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804 Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 804 Taiwan
| | - M. Vithanage
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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Guthi RS, Tondera K, Gillot S, Buffière P, Boillot M, Chazarenc F. A-Stage process - Challenges and drawbacks from lab to full scale studies: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 226:119044. [PMID: 36272198 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In response to the growing global resource scarcity, wastewater is increasingly seen as a valuable resource to recover and valorise for the benefit of the society rather than another waste that needs treatment before disposal. Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) oxidise most of the organic matter present in wastewater, instead of recovering it as a feedstock for biomaterials or to produce energy in the form of biogas. In contrast, an A-Stage is capable of producing a concentrated stream of organic matter ready for valorisation, ideally suited to retrofit existing large plants. This technology is based on the principle of high-rate activated sludge process that favours biosorption and storage over oxidation. In this paper, we summarize peer-reviewed research of both pilot-scale and full-scale studies of A-Stage process under real conditions, highlighting key operational parameters. In the majority of published studies, the sludge retention time (SRT) was identified as a key operational parameter. An optimal SRT of 0.3 days seems to maximize the redirection of influent COD - up to 50% to the sludge flux, while simultaneously keeping mineralization under 25% of total influent COD. Other key optimal parameters are a hydraulic residence time of 30 min and dissolved oxygen levels of 0.5 mg⋅L-1. In addition, nutrient removal efficiencies of 15-27% for total nitrogen and 13-38% for total phosphorus are observed. Influence of mixing on settling efficiencies remain largely underexplored, as well as impact of wet weather flow and temperature on overall recovery efficiencies, which hinders to provide recommendations on these aspects. Evolution of modelling efforts of A-Stage process are also critically reviewed. The role of extracellular polymeric substances remain unclear and measures differ greatly according to the different studies and protocols. Better understanding the settling processes by adding Limit of Stokesian and Threshold of Flocculation measures to Sludge Volume Index could help to reach a better understanding of the A-Stage process. Reliable modelling can help new unit processes find their place in the whole treatment chain and help the transition from WWTPs towards Wastewater Resource Recovery Facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja-Sekhar Guthi
- INRAE, REVERSAAL, Villeurbanne F-69625, France; Saur, Direction Innovation Technologique, Maurepas 78310, France.
| | | | | | - Pierre Buffière
- INSA-Lyon, Laboratoire DEEP EA7429, Université de Lyon, 9 rue de la Physique, Villeurbanne 69621, France
| | - Mathieu Boillot
- Saur, Direction Innovation Technologique, Maurepas 78310, France
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4
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Zahmatkesh S, Klemeš JJ, Bokhari A, Wang C, Sillanpaa M, Amesho K. Reducing Chemical Oxygen Demand from Low Strength Wastewater: A Novel Application of Fuzzy Logic Based Simulation in MATLAB. Comput Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.107944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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5
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He C, Wang K, Fang K, Gong H, Jin Z, He Q, Wang Q. Up-concentration processes of organics for municipal wastewater treatment: New trends in separation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147690. [PMID: 34004540 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon neutrality is a pressing goal for the whole society. Over 20% of municipality electrical energy on public utilities was consumed by the operation of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Up-concentration of organic matters and maximum energy recovery is essential for a more sophisticated municipal wastewater management. Chemical coagulation and biological adsorption have been used to achieve efficient carbon capture, while separation is an overlooked step. It may lead to poor effluent quality, as well as consume most of the time and volume. The introduction of new driving forces, such as pressure and magnetism, significantly improved the retention rate and speed, respectively. In this paper, recent works were comprehensively reviewed and a horizontal comparison was conducted from aspects of separation speed, retention rate, concentrate characteristics and economic costs. This review also discussed the selection of technologies under different conditions. Finally, the practical application, fouling mitigation with considering the value of the concentrate, identification of unique concentrate characteristics, and the establishment of an evaluation system was suggested as core issues for future researches. This review will promote the development of an energy-efficient wastewater treatment system with up-concentration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Kaijun Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Kuo Fang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Hui Gong
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Zhengyu Jin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Qiuhang He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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6
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Dolejš P, Varga Z, Luza B, Pícha A, Jeníček P, Jeison D, Bartáček J. Maximizing energy recovery from wastewater via bioflocculation-enhanced primary treatment: a pilot scale study. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:2229-2239. [PMID: 31763962 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2019.1697377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion of municipal sewage sludge is widely used for harvesting energy from wastewater organic content. The more organic carbon we can redirect into the primary sludge, the less energy is needed for aeration in secondary treatment and the more methane is produced in anaerobic digesters. Bioflocculation has been proposed as a promising separation technology to maximize carbon capture in primary sludge. Thus far, only limited data on bioflocculation are available under real conditions, i.e. from pilot-scale reactors treating raw sewage. Moreover, no study has discussed yet the influence of bioflocculation on denitrification potential of sewage. Therefore, we performed bioflocculation of raw sewage in high-rate contact stabilization process in pilot-scale to investigate maximal primary treatment efficiency. During 100 days of operation at sludge retention time of only 2 days, the average removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids and total phosphorus were 75%, 87% and 51%, respectively, using no chemicals for precipitation. Up to 76% of incoming COD was captured in primary sludge and 46% for subsequent anaerobic digestion, where energy recovery potential achieved 0.33-0.37 g COD as CH4 per g COD of influent. This study showed in real conditions that this newly adapted separation process has significant benefits over chemically enhanced primary treatment, enabling sewage treatment process to overcome energy self-sufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Dolejš
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Zdeněk Varga
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Benjamin Luza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Aleš Pícha
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Pavel Jeníček
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - David Jeison
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jan Bartáček
- Department of Water Technology and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
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7
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Wett B, Aichinger P, Hell M, Andersen M, Wellym L, Fukuzaki Y, Cao YS, Tao G, Jimenez J, Takacs I, Bott C, Murthy S. Operational and structural A-stage improvements for high-rate carbon removal. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1983-1989. [PMID: 32358850 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biosorption of organics is investigated at two sites in order to optimize operation and infrastructure for carbon removal and redirection in upstream, high-rate processes. Sufficient process temperature and stable mixed liquor solids concentration were established as the key impact parameters for the process performance. Improved COD removal was achieved by either substantially enhanced aeration (elevated metabolic state) or by enhanced flocculation capability (dosed chemicals). Separation and thickening of organics are typically operated as continuous-flow processes. The optimization of performance parameters led to a new A-stage process named alternating activated adsorption. The AAA process is presented as a novel configuration linking biosorption and thickening capabilities in an alternating scheme without mechanical equipment. The performance data from its first trial indicate benefits from process dynamics including high organics capture rates and thickening capabilities reaching solid concentrations higher than 40 g(TSS)/L. COD removal could be increased further by adding biologically generated polymer, that is waste sludge from B-stage. © 2020 Water Environment Federation PRACTITIONERS POINTS: Enhanced preliminary treatment helps to increase capacity and energy efficiency. Low RAS rates, SRT control, aeration, high temperatures, and metal dosing are key performance parameters for removal rates and energy efficiency. The Triple-A process offers new possibilities for A-stage in terms of performance increase and flexibility showing similar or better results compared with conventional A-stage. Adding B-sludge improved COD and nutrient removal rates. High preliminary removal rates of COD and N foster sidestream processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lie Wellym
- DHI Water & Environment Pte Ltd, Singapore City, Singapore
| | | | - Ye Shi Cao
- Public Utilities Board (PUB), Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Guihe Tao
- Public Utilities Board (PUB), Singapore City, Singapore
| | | | | | - Charles Bott
- Hampton Roads Sanitation District, Virginia Beach, Virginia, USA
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8
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di Biase A, Kowalski MS, Devlin TR, Oleszkiewicz JA. Moving bed biofilm reactor technology in municipal wastewater treatment: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 247:849-866. [PMID: 31349180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The review encompasses the development of municipal wastewater treatment process using MBBR from early stages, established application, and recent advancements. An overview of main drivers leading to the MBBR technology development over its early stage is discussed. Biocarriers types and features together with biofilm development and role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are presented, ultimately, addressing the challenge in decreasing startup time required for full operation. Furthermore, the review investigates the state of the art of MBBR technology for nutrient removal (i.e., COD and BOD, nitrogen and phosphorus) through process functionality and configuration of established (e.g., IFAS) and under development (e.g. PN/A) applications. Reactor operational characteristics such as filling fractions, mixing properties, dissolved oxygen requirements, and loading rates are presented and related to full scale examples. Current literature discussing the most recent studies on MBBR capability in reduction and removal of chemicals of emerging concern (CEC) released is presented. Ultimately, high rate carbon and nitrogen removal through A/B stage process are examined in its main operational parameters and its application towards energy neutrality suggesting novel MBBR application to further reduce energy requirements and plant footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro di Biase
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 5V6, Canada.
| | - Maciej S Kowalski
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 5V6, Canada
| | - Tanner R Devlin
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 5V6, Canada; Nexom, Winnipeg, R2J 3R8, Canada
| | - Jan A Oleszkiewicz
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 5V6, Canada
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9
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Sancho I, Lopez-Palau S, Arespacochaga N, Cortina JL. New concepts on carbon redirection in wastewater treatment plants: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:1373-1384. [PMID: 30282326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are no longer considered pollution removal systems but rather resources (nutrients and energy) recovery plants. Legislation imposing more stringent effluent requirements and the need energy self-sufficient or even energy-positive plants are the main drivers for the research and development of new WWTP configurations. While a lot of effort has been focused on developing new processes for nutrient recovery, limited efforts have been allocated to maximizing energy recovery from the organic load. Within this context, high-rate activated sludge (HRAS) is the most promising alternative technology to redirect carbon (organic compounds) towards energy as biogas. This is a critical review of the last decade's development of new alternatives for carbon redirection to improve the energy balance of WWTPs on both the laboratory and the industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sancho
- Chemical Engineering Department and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPCBarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14 (Campus Diagonal-Besòs), 08930 Barcelona, Spain; CETAQUA, Centro Tecnológico del Agua, Carretera d'Esplugues 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - S Lopez-Palau
- CETAQUA, Centro Tecnológico del Agua, Carretera d'Esplugues 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
| | - N Arespacochaga
- CETAQUA, Centro Tecnológico del Agua, Carretera d'Esplugues 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
| | - J L Cortina
- Chemical Engineering Department and Barcelona Research Center for Multiscale Science and Engineering, UPCBarcelonaTECH, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14 (Campus Diagonal-Besòs), 08930 Barcelona, Spain; CETAQUA, Centro Tecnológico del Agua, Carretera d'Esplugues 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
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10
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Guven H, Ozgun H, Ersahin ME, Dereli RK, Sinop I, Ozturk I. High-rate activated sludge processes for municipal wastewater treatment: the effect of food waste addition and hydraulic limits of the system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:1770-1780. [PMID: 30456611 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional activated sludge (CAS) process is one of the most commonly applied processes for municipal wastewater treatment. However, it requires a high energy input and does not promote energy recovery. Currently, high-rate activated sludge (HRAS) process is gaining importance as a good option to reduce the energy demand of wastewater treatment and to capture organic matter for valorizing through anaerobic digestion (AD). Besides, food waste addition to wastewater can help to increase the organic matter content of wastewater and thus, energy recovery in AD. The objective of this study is to evaluate the applicability of co-treatment of municipal wastewater and food waste in a pilot-scale HRAS system as well as to test the minimal hydraulic retention times (HRTs) such as 60 and 30 min. Food waste addition to the wastewater resulted in a 10% increase in chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of influent. In the following stages of the study, the pilot-scale system was operated with wastewater solely under the HRTs of 60 and 30 min. With the decrease of HRT, particulate COD removal increased; however, soluble COD removal decreased. The results demonstrated that if the settling process is optimized, more particulate matter can be diverted to sludge stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Guven
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hale Ozgun
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Evren Ersahin
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Recep Kaan Dereli
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ilknur Sinop
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Izzet Ozturk
- Civil Engineering Faculty, Environmental Engineering Department, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazaga Campus, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
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11
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Chen Z, Yu T, Ngo HH, Lu Y, Li G, Wu Q, Li K, Bai Y, Liu S, Hu HY. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) variation in reclaimed water: Insight on biological stability evaluation and control for sustainable water reuse. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 254:290-299. [PMID: 29398290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the importance of conducting biological stability evaluation due to water reuse progression. Specifically, assimilable organic carbon (AOC) has been identified as a practical indicator for microbial occurrence and regrowth which ultimately influence biological stability. Newly modified AOC bioassays aimed for reclaimed water are introduced. Since elevated AOC levels are often detected after tertiary treatment, the review emphasizes that actions can be taken to either limit AOC levels prior to disinfection or conduct post-treatment (e.g. biological filtration) as a supplement to chemical oxidation based approaches (e.g. ozonation and chlorine disinfection). During subsequent distribution and storage, microbial community and possible microbial regrowth caused by complex interactions are discussed. It is suggested that microbial surveillance, AOC threshold values, real-time field applications and surrogate parameters could provide additional information. This review can be used to formulate regulatory plans and strategies, and to aid in deriving relevant control, management and operational guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Tong Yu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Yun Lu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Qianyuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control of Shenzhen, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Kuixiao Li
- Research and Development Center, Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yu Bai
- Research and Development Center, Beijing Drainage Group Co., Ltd, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Shuming Liu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Hong-Ying Hu
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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12
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Sources and impacts of pharmaceutical components in wastewater and its treatment process: A review. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-017-0255-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Araneda M, Pavez J, Luza B, Jeison D. Use of activated sludge biomass as an agent for advanced primary separation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 192:156-162. [PMID: 28160643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Conventional primary settling is a physical process of solid-liquid separation, normally presenting low removal efficiencies. Improvement of this separation process would result in energetic advantages: lower aeration requirements and higher biogas production form primary and secondary sludges. Secondary sludge has been proposed as a potential agent promoting an increase in primary separation efficiency. Few processes have been proposed, based on the cultivation of sludge under special conditions. However, one can speculate that regular sludge may have a similar effect. The aim of this research was to study that possibility. Sludges from different activated sludge reactors were tested. Results showed that COD removals were up to 55%, 2 times higher than that for simple settling. Under that condition, COD balances showed that aeration requirements would reduce 40%, and biogas production from primary and secondary sludges would increase 50%. It is inferred then that the application of activated sludge as an external agent represents an interesting alternative that have the potential to significantly improve energetic efficiency of sewage treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Araneda
- Departamento de Depuración, Gerencia de Operaciones, Aguas Araucanía, Vicuña Mackenna, N°0202, Temuco, Chile; Master of Engineering Sciences with Specialization in Biotechnology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Javier Pavez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile; Master of Engineering Sciences with Specialization in Biotechnology, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
| | - Benjamín Luza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile.
| | - David Jeison
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile; Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar, 01145, Temuco, Chile.
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14
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Sancho I, Licon E, Valderrama C, de Arespacochaga N, López-Palau S, Cortina JL. Recovery of ammonia from domestic wastewater effluents as liquid fertilizers by integration of natural zeolites and hollow fibre membrane contactors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 584-585:244-251. [PMID: 28161679 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The integration of up-concentration processes to increase the efficiency of primary sedimentation, as a solution to achieve energy neutral wastewater treatment plants, requires further post-treatment due to the missing ammonium removal stage. This study evaluated the use of zeolites as a post-treatment step, an alternative to the biological removal process. A natural granular clinoptilolite zeolite was evaluated as a sorbent media to remove low levels (up to 100mg-N/L) of ammonium from treated wastewater using batch and fixed bed columns. After being activated to the Na-form (Z-Na), the granular zeolite shown an ammonium exchange capacity of 29±0.8mgN-NH4+/g in single ammonium solutions and 23±0.8mgN-NH4+/g in treated wastewater simulating up-concentration effluent at pH=8. The equilibrium removal data were well described by the Langmuir isotherm. The ammonium adsorption into zeolites is a very fast process when compared with polymeric materials (zeolite particle diffusion coefficient around 3×10-12m2/s). Column experiments with solutions containing 100mgN-NH4+/L provide effective sorption and elution rates with concentration factors between 20 and 30 in consecutive operation cycles. The loaded zeolite was regenerated using 2g NaOH/L solution and the rich ammonium/ammonia concentrates 2-3g/L in NaOH were used in a liquid-liquid membrane contactor system in a closed-loop configuration with nitric and phosphoric acid as stripping solutions. The ammonia recovery ratio exceeded 98%. Ammonia nitrate and di-ammonium phosphate concentrated solutions reached up to 2-5% wt. of N.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sancho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech (UPC), Barcelona, Spain; Water Technology Center CETaqua, Carretera d'Esplugues, 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
| | - E Licon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Valderrama
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech (UPC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - N de Arespacochaga
- Water Technology Center CETaqua, Carretera d'Esplugues, 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
| | - S López-Palau
- Water Technology Center CETaqua, Carretera d'Esplugues, 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
| | - J L Cortina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech (UPC), Barcelona, Spain; Water Technology Center CETaqua, Carretera d'Esplugues, 75, 08940 Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
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15
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Trzcinski AP, Wang C, Zhang D, Ang WS, Lin LL, Niwa T, Fukuzaki Y, Ng WJ. Performance of A-stage process treating combined municipal-industrial wastewater. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 75:228-238. [PMID: 28067663 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A biosorption column and a settling tank were operated for 6 months with combined municipal and industrial wastewaters (1 m3/hr) to study the effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and Fe3+ dosage on removal efficiency of dissolved and suspended organics prior to biological treatment. High DO (>0.4 mg/L) were found to be detrimental for soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) removals and iron dosing (up to 20 ppm) did not improve the overall performance. The system performed significantly better at high loading rate (>20 kg COD.m-3.d-1) where suspended solids and COD removals were greater than 80% and 60%, respectively. This is a significant improvement compared to the conventional primary sedimentation tank, and the process is a promising alternative for the pre-treatment of industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Prandota Trzcinski
- School of Civil Engineering & Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350 QLD, Australia E-mail:
| | - Chong Wang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre (AEBC), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, #06-10, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre (AEBC), Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, #06-10, Singapore 637141, Singapore
| | - Wui Seng Ang
- Public Utilities Board, Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, 40 Scotts Road, #15-01, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - Li Leonard Lin
- Public Utilities Board, Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, 40 Scotts Road, #15-01, Singapore 228231, Singapore
| | - Terutake Niwa
- Meiden Singapore Pte Ltd, 5 Jalan Pesawat, Singapore 619363, Singapore
| | | | - Wun Jern Ng
- Division of Environmental and Water Resources, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore and Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141, Singapore
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16
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Trzcinski AP, Ganda L, Kunacheva C, Zhang DQ, Lin LL, Tao G, Lee Y, Ng WJ. Characterization and biodegradability of sludge from a high rate A-stage contact tank and B-stage membrane bioreactor of a pilot-scale AB system treating municipal wastewaters. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 74:1716-1725. [PMID: 27763352 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In light of global warming mitigation efforts, increasing sludge disposal costs, and need for reduction in the carbon footprint of wastewater treatment plants, innovation in treatment technology has been tailored towards energy self-sufficiency. The AB process is a promising technology for achieving maximal energy recovery from wastewaters with minimum energy expenditure and therefore inherently reducing excess sludge production. Characterization of this novel sludge and its comparison with the more conventional B-stage sludge are necessary for a deeper understanding of AB treatment process design. This paper presents a case study of a pilot-scale AB system treating municipal wastewaters as well as a bio- (biochemical methane potential and adenosine tri-phosphate analysis) and physico-chemical properties (chemical oxygen demand, sludge volume index, dewaterability, calorific value, zeta potential and particle size distribution) comparison of the organic-rich A-stage against the B-stage activated sludge. Compared to the B-sludge, the A-sludge yielded 1.4 to 4.9 times more methane throughout the 62-week operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Prandota Trzcinski
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Queensland 4350, Australia E-mail:
| | - Lily Ganda
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore 637141
| | - Chinagarn Kunacheva
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore 637141
| | - Dong Qing Zhang
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore 637141
| | - Li Leonard Lin
- Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, Public Utilities Board, 40 Scotts Road, #15-01 Singapore, Singapore 228231
| | - Guihe Tao
- Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, Public Utilities Board, 40 Scotts Road, #15-01 Singapore, Singapore 228231
| | - Yingjie Lee
- Water Reclamation (Plants) Department, Public Utilities Board, 40 Scotts Road, #15-01 Singapore, Singapore 228231
| | - Wun Jern Ng
- Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One #06-08, Singapore 637141; Division of Environmental and Water Resources, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
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17
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Lim CP, Neo JL, Maratusalihat E, Zhou Y, Ng WJ. Biosorption for carbon capture on acclimated sludgeProcess kinetics and microbial community. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Applicability of one-stage partial nitritation and anammox in MBBR for anaerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 43:965-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-016-1766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Energy consumption of municipal wastewater treatment plants can be reduced by the anaerobic pre-treatment of the main wastewater stream. After this pre-treatment, nitrogen can potentially be removed by partial nitritation and anammox (PN/A). Currently, the application of PN/A is limited to nitrogen-rich streams (>500 mg L−1) and temperatures 25–35 °C. But, anaerobically pretreated municipal wastewater is characterized by much lower nitrogen concentrations (20–100 mg L−1) and lower temperatures (10–25 °C). We operated PN/A under similar conditions: total ammonium nitrogen concentration 50 mg L−1 and lab temperature (22 °C). PN/A was operated for 342 days in a 4 L moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). At 0.4 mg O2 L−1, nitrogen removal rate 33 g N m−3 day−1 and 80 % total nitrogen removal efficiency was achieved. The capacity of the reactor was limited by low AOB activity. We observed significant anammox activity (40 g N m−3 day−1) even at 12 °C, improving the applicability of PN/A for municipal wastewater treatment.
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Modin O, Persson F, Wilén BM, Hermansson M. Nonoxidative removal of organics in the activated sludge process. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 46:635-672. [PMID: 27453679 PMCID: PMC4940897 DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2016.1149903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The activated sludge process is commonly used to treat wastewater by aerobic oxidation of organic pollutants into carbon dioxide and water. However, several nonoxidative mechanisms can also contribute to removal of organics. Sorption onto activated sludge can remove a large fraction of the colloidal and particulate wastewater organics. Intracellular storage of, e.g., polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), triacylglycerides (TAG), or wax esters can convert wastewater organics into precursors for high-value products. Recently, several environmental, economic, and technological drivers have stimulated research on nonoxidative removal of organics for wastewater treatment. In this paper, we review these nonoxidative removal mechanisms as well as the existing and emerging process configurations that make use of them for wastewater treatment. Better utilization of nonoxidative processes in activated sludge could reduce the wasteful aerobic oxidation of organic compounds and lead to more resource-efficient wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malte Hermansson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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Wu S, Qi Y, Fan C, He S, Dai B, Huang J, Zhou W, Gao L. Application of novel catalytic-ceramic-filler in a coupled system for long-chain dicarboxylic acids manufacturing wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:2454-2461. [PMID: 26619310 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To gain systematic technology for long-chain dicarboxylic acids (LDCA) manufacturing wastewater treatment, catalytic micro-electrolysis (CME) coupling with adsorption-biodegradation sludge (AB) process was studied. Firstly, novel catalytic-ceramic-filler was prepared from scrap iron, clay and copper sulfate solution and packed in the CME reactor. To remove residual n-alkane and LDCA, the CME reactor was utilized for LDCA wastewater pretreatment. The results revealed that about 94% of n-alkane, 98% of LDCA and 84% of chemical oxygen demand (COD) were removed by the aerated CME reactor at the optimum hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.0 h. In this process, catalysis from Cu and montmorillonites played an important role in improving the contaminants removal. Secondly, to remove residual COD in the wastewater, AB process was designed for the secondary biological treatment, about 90% of the influent COD could be removed by biosorption, bio-flocculation and biodegradation effects. Finally, the effluent COD (about 150 mg L(-1)) discharged from the coupled CME-AB system met the requirement of the national discharged standard (COD ≤ 300 mg L(-1)). All of these results suggest that the coupled CME-AB system is a promising technology due to its high-efficient performance, and has the potential to be applied for the real LDCA wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqing Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Qi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Shandong ATK Environmental Engineering Company Limited, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Chunzhen Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Bibo Dai
- Shandong ATK Environmental Engineering Company Limited, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Jungchen Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Weili Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
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21
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Modin O, Saheb Alam S, Persson F, Wilén BM. Sorption and release of organics by primary, anaerobic, and aerobic activated sludge mixed with raw municipal wastewater. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119371. [PMID: 25768429 PMCID: PMC4359093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
New activated sludge processes that utilize sorption as a major mechanism for organics removal are being developed to maximize energy recovery from wastewater organics, or as enhanced primary treatment technologies. To model and optimize sorption-based activated sludge processes, further knowledge about sorption of organics onto sludge is needed. This study compared primary-, anaerobic-, and aerobic activated sludge as sorbents, determined sorption capacity and kinetics, and investigated some characteristics of the organics being sorbed. Batch sorption assays were carried out without aeration at a mixing velocity of 200 rpm. Only aerobic activated sludge showed net sorption of organics. Sorption of dissolved organics occurred by a near-instantaneous sorption event followed by a slower process that obeyed 1st order kinetics. Sorption of particulates also followed 1st order kinetics but there was no instantaneous sorption event; instead there was a release of particles upon mixing. The 5-min sorption capacity of activated sludge was 6.5±10.8 mg total organic carbon (TOC) per g volatile suspend solids (VSS) for particulate organics and 5.0±4.7 mgTOC/gVSS for dissolved organics. The observed instantaneous sorption appeared to be mainly due to organics larger than 20 kDa in size being sorbed, although molecules with a size of about 200 Da with strong UV absorbance at 215–230 nm were also rapidly removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Modin
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Soroush Saheb Alam
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Frank Persson
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Marie Wilén
- Division of Water Environment Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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22
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Application of deep-sea psychrotolerant bacteria in wastewater treatment by aerobic dynamic membrane bioreactors at low temperature. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2014.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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